Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Kstraeafjdko Lktk

    -F`thael ag R`sjlukos

    -Tjfuoktjaes

    ljfjtrj l`ojyjkeejs

    Krjstato` Pejv`rsjty

    ag \h`sskoaejcj

    `fkjo9l`ojyjkeejsNykhaa.mr

    L`d`fb`r ;0, 2>;4

    ; KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    \h` kstraeafjdko lktk J hkv` je fy ljspasko kr` th` f`ksur`f`ets ag th` ljstked` faluous kel th` r`lshjgt ag 78;sup`reavk-Jk. \h`s` 78; sup`reavk hkv b``e dhas`e ag k ojst ag =;0 sup`reavk graf whjdh hkv` b``e `xdoul`l thas`wjth r`lshjgt o`ss thke >.>;. J ljl thjs ta kvajl `rrars lu` ta th`jr `xtrk v`oadjty, ath`r thke Hubbo` v`oadjty. Zau dkes`` th`s` lktk b`ooaw.

    \kbo` ;9

    KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\KDaoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8

    (;) (2) (4) (.>;>< 42.82 >.>>80 >.27 >.>>;>2; >.>;>0 -;.:2>2dr >.>;>< 44.40 >.>;>: >.27 >.>>;4>4 >.>;>0 >.4>;;4 2>>2li >.>;>< 44.2= >.>;>0 >.22 >.>>;>74 >.>;>0 ->.>>;2< ;::=la >.>;>0 44..>;;2 >.27 >.>>;4.>;>7 >.;0 2>>2lp >.>;>0 44.2: >.>;>7 >.4> >.>>;.>;>7 ->.>>>0lv >.>;>7 44.4; >.>;>= >.24 >.>>;;42 >.>;>= ->.>;>7= 2>>7bh >.>;>7 44.=8 >.>;44 >.28 >.>>;=;; >.>;>= ;.0>248 2>>;d >.>;;; 44..>;;7 >.4> >.>>;7>< >.>;;2 >.2.>;;4 44.;> >.>>:= >.4> >.>>;4 >.>;;< -;.28;>

    ;> ;::0` >.>;;= 44.87 >.>;48 >.2< >.>>;02; >.>;;8 ;.2=44

    ;; ;::8lc >.>;2> 44.0> >.>;;= >.28 >.>>;0>< >.>;2; ->.4;02;2 2>>;gh >.>;2; 44.4; >.>;>= >.4> >.>>;.>;22 -;.>020;4 ;:::`i >.>;28 4.>;70 >.28 >.>>2;4< >.>;4> ;.7842;< 2>>;`p >.>;2: 44.78 >.>;2= >.24 >.>>;4.>;4; ->.2:>=;0 2>>7og >.>;4> 44.2< >.>;>4 >.4> >.>>;.>;42 -;.:=>0;7 2>>2hk >.>;4; 44.84 >.>;47 >.24 >.>>;.>;44 >.2;72;= ;::=` >.>;44 44.:: >.>;.;: >.>>;2=: >.>;40 >.8:>0ko >.>;44 44.:0 >.>;.2= >.>>;=8< >.>;40 >..>;40 44..>;;7 >.27 >.>>;484 >.>;4= -;.04272> ;:::lq >.>;40 44.84 >.>;47 >.22 >.>>;4=0 >.>;4= ->.>=242; ;::;km >.>;4: 44 >.>;.;: >.>>;4>2 >.>;.7;

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (.>;4: 44.88 >.>;4: >.;= >.>>;>8= >.>;.;==824 2>>0cd >.>;4: 44.=< >.>;4> >.22 >.>>;4;: >.>;.8>4:2< 2>>7e >.>;.>;02 >.22 >.>>;0.>;.>;bt >.>; >.>;4< >.2< >.>>; >.>;.8;7027 ;::0bl >.>; >.>;4< >.;7 >.>>>:8= >.>;;g` >.>;.>;.22 >.>>;.>;.484=28 2>>.>;.>;0; >.;8 >.>>;20; >.>;.;>.>;.>;47 >.;8 >.>>;;4> >.>;04> 2>>;`e >.>;.>;.;8 >.>>;24< >.>;0; ->.;82>4; 2>>0`o >.>;.>;.22 >.>>;0>8 >.>;0; ->.;.>;0> 44.:0 >.>;.;8 >.>>;;8: >.>;02 ->.=2==44 2>>7tl >.>;0> 4.>;0< >.2; >.>>;.>;02 >.;00;4< 2>>=s >.>;0> 4.>;=0 >.22 >.>>;==2 >.>;02 ;.28>0ba >.>;0> 4.>;08 >.;7 >.>>;;7< >.>;02 >.0>=:47 2>>=dk >.>;0; 4.>;8= >.2; >.>>;8;2 >.>;04 ;.88:84= ;::.>;02 4.>;7: >.2< >.>>;8=2 >.>;0< >.8;>048 2>>;bg >.>;02 4.>;70 >.2< >.>>;82: >.>;0< >.7;874: 2>>2la >.>;02 42 >.>;.22 >.>>;0>; >.>;0< ->.4::8 2>>7b >.>;02 4 >.>;0< >.22 >.>>;00= >.>;0< ->.>284>7df >.>;04 4.>2>< >.2; >.>>;:7: >.>;00 2.>;de >.>;0< 44.:< >.>;.;0 >.>>>:87 >.>;07 -;.40:2.>;7> 44.82 >.>;40 >.2; >.>>;4>= >.>;72 -2.>84;lk >.>;7> 4.>;0: >.22 >.>>;7>8 >.>;72 ->.2244

    >;v >.>;7> 4.>;78 >.20 >.>>;:42 >.>;72 >.28;>>;dz >.>;74 4;84 >.2; >.>>;==; >.>;70 >.:::0.>;74 4;8; >.2; >.>>;=.>;70 >.87:7>2hw >.>;74 42 >.>;.2> >.>>;470 >.>;70 -;.27=kp >.>;74 4< >.>;0> >.;< >.>>>:7< >.>;70 -;.7 2>>>lc >.>;7< 4.>;0: >.20 >.>>;847 >.>;77 ->.4=800; 2>>>d` >.>;70 4.>224 >.;0 >.>>;0.>;7= 4.7;7>02 ;::=y >.>;77 4.>;=2 >.20 >.>>;:== >.>;78 >.;7;:04 ;::7bv >.>;7= 4> >.>;.20 >.>>;7:> >.>;=> -;.4.>;7= 4.>;74 >.2; >.>>;0=8 >.>;=> ->.4::.>;=> 4.>;:> >.2; >.>>;84= >.>;=4 >.:>7`g >.>;=> 4.>;=0 >.4; >.>>2.>;=4 >.>:220= ;::2ba >.>;=2 4.>;70 >.20 >.>>;:>0 >.>;=0 ->..>;=2 4.>;:8 >.2> >.>>;82< >.>;=0 ;.28470: 2>>;m >.>;=4 4.>;74 >.22 >.>>;704 >.>;=7 ->.=02;7> 2>>7o` >.>;=4 4.>;70 >.22 >.>>;77: >.>;=7 ->.70.>;=7 4.>;=2 >.2= >.>>2;40 >.>;=: ->.428872 2>>7kx >.>;=: 4.>;=2 >.;7 >.>>;2=; >.>;82 ->.=4;>74 ;::4k` >.>;8> 4;8< >.2; >.>>;==: >.>;84 >.>77>7< 2>>0k >.>;84 4.>;=< >.;7 >.>>;284 >.>;87 ->.:;8470 2>>2iy >.>;8= 40.>0 >.>248 >.2> >.>>2;:4 >.>;:> 2.;:0877 2>>.>;88 4.>;0: >.;0 >.>>;;>2 >.>;:; -2.800:7= 2>>8o >.>;8: 4.>;=< >.2; >.>>;784 >.>;:2 -;.>744

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (>7`i >.>;:2 4;8< >.2> >.>>;7:< >.>;:0 ->.70447: 2>>=dj >.>;:2 4.>2>7 >.2> >.>>;:>; >.>;:0 >.0:8 ;:::ml >.>;:4 4.>;=2 >.22 >.>>;=4: >.>;:7 -;.;>=; 2>>;md >.>;:4 4.>22= >.2< >.>>20;4 >.>;:7 ;.2>2cg >.>;:0 4.>2>8 >.2> >.>>;:;: >.>;:8 >.044;=4 ;::2bd >.>;:7 4.>;:4 >.;8 >.>>;0:= >.>;:: ->.0==< 2>>>b >.>2>; 4.>22> >.2< >.>>2.>2>< >.7000=0 ;::8`d >.>2>; 4;=: >.20 >.>>2>7> >.>2>< -;.227>=7 2>>0cj >.>2>< 4.>;:: >.;0 >.>>;4=< >.>2>= ->.7>:2== 2>>0os >.>2>0 4.>;:0 >.;: >.>>;=>: >.>2>8 ->.=740

    =8 2>>7cg >.>2>8 4 >.>2;2 >.2> >.>>;:0< >.>2;; >.>408=: 2>>=ku >.>2>: 4 >.>2>4 >.;: >.>>;==4 >.>2;4 ->.008;8> 2>>4w >.>2;; 4.>;:: >.;: >.>>;=.>2;0 ->.:>>:8; 2>>7`t >.>2;2 4.>2;= >.;: >.>>;:>> >.>2;7 >.>==;82 2>>7bq >.>2;0 4.>220 >.;: >.>>;:=; >.>2;: >.428884 2>>7ar >.>2;= 40.;2 >.>2.2; >.>>24=8 >.>22; ;.>0;;8< 2>>>gk >.>2;8 4.>22: >.24 >.>>2.>222 >.4;>280 2>>=bd >.>2;: 4;== >.;: >.>>;00; >.>224 -2.:>4c >.>2;: 4.>2;= >.;: >.>>;:>> >.>224 ->.4>=.>22> 4.>2;= >.;: >.>>;:>> >.>22< ->.472488 2>>;e >.>22; 4.>22< >.;: >.>>;:72 >.>220 ->.>>.>22; 4.>224 >.;: >.>>;:04 >.>220 ->.>: 2>>;dp >.>22< 4.>22= >.2< >.>>20;4 >.>228 ->.>42=

    :; 2>>=bz >.>22= 40.70 >.>4;< >.;: >.>>2=.>24; 4.>>00:2 2>>7kr >.>22: 4.>2>: >.2> >.>>;:28 >.>244 -;.20;>=q` >.>22: 40.;< >.>2.;8 >.>>2>0= >.>244 >.=;=4:< 2>>7`u >.>22: 40.2> >.>200 >.;: >.>>2242 >.>244 >.:=20:0 2>>7sr >.>24> 40.;4 >.>2.;< >.>>;0:4 >.>24< >.=8:0:7 2>>0f >.>24> 40.>= >.>2 >.;: >.>>2;>2 >.>24< >.2==8:= 2>>>de >.>242 40.>: >.>2.24 >.>>207: >.>24= >.2428:8 2>>7dp >.>244 40.2> >.>200 >.;: >.>>2242 >.>248 >.=808:: 2>>7fp >.>244 4.>22> >.;8 >.>>;820 >.>248 ->.:0> ;::8`m >.>240 40.;= >.>202 >.24 >.>>2770 >.>2 >.>7kd >.>24: 40.>4 >.>247 >.;8 >.>>;:00 >.>2.0>;>2 2>>>bh >.>2 40.;8 >.>204 >.2> >.>>2428 >.>2.44:8;>4 2>>4jt >.>2 4.>22: >.;; >.>>;;72 >.>2< 2>>=g >.>20 >.>248 >.;4 >.>>;.>2.72;7;>0 2>>0bm >.>2.>20< >.;8 >.>>2;>0 >.>2.4424;>7 ;::.>2.>2.;8 >.>>2>2: >.>2.;0:2;>= 2>>>dk >.>27 >.>24: >.;> >.>>;;>; >.>20> ->.:88>;>8 2>>=dq >.>2224 >.;8 >.>>;80> >.>202 -;.074: 2>>2h` >.>2.>272 >.;8 >.>>2;=< >.>204 >. 2>>2bg >.>2.>2;2 >.;: >.>>;80= >.>20< -2.27;;; 2>>8bg >.>20; 40.4< >.>2=2 >.4> >.>>4=0: >.>207 >.;;;2 2>>.>20; 4.>22= >.;8 >.>>;880 >.>207 -;.0400;;4 2>>7br >.>200 40.=2 >.>42< >.2> >.>>2:80 >.>27> 2.;42=

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (>4dh >.>207 40.78 >.>4;8 >.;: >.>>2=8< >.>272 2.>47:;;0 ;:::x >.>208 40.40 >.>2=4 >.;: >.>>24:2 >.>27< >.80;;7 2>>7bb >.>208 40.28 >.>270 >.24 >.>>28>< >.>27< >.>4:2;;= 2>>0fs >.>20: 40..>282 >.;8 >.>>24 >.>270 >.=008;;8 ;:::mp >.>27> 40.48 >.>2== >.;8 >.>>22:= >.>277 >.0>>>0fd >.>27> 40.4= >.>2=7 >.;; >.>>;4:8 >.>277 >.=4;0;2> 2>>4u >.>27; 40.47 >.>2=0 >.;: >.>>24 >.>27= >.42:.>270 40..>2:> >.;: >.>>204: >.>2=; >.=720;22 2>>>bc >.>277 40.42 >.>2=> >.;8 >.>>2240 >.>2=2 ->.;>20;24 2>>=da >.>277 40..>2:> >.;; >.>>; >.>2=2 ;.2>;mb >.>278 40.27 >.>272 >.;4 >.>>;0=> >.>2=< ->.=>0ek >.>278 40..>280 >.2; >.>>2=00 >.>2=< >.4:=.>2=4 40.>: >.>2.;8 >.>>2>;> >.>2=: -;.8244;2= ;::7d >.>2=0 40.70 >.>4;< >.;8 >.>>27>2 >.>28; ;.204=;28 2>>7`v >.>2=7 40..>2:> >.;4 >.>>;=4= >.>282 >.>.>2=7 40.:2 >.>400 >.;: >.>>4;;> >.>282 2.40;=;4> 2>>7mi >.>2== 40.=; >.>424 >.;8 >.>>27=0 >.>284 ;.=;4; ;::8kb >.>2=: 4.>2>> >.;8 >.>>;70= >.>280 -0.;72>2`s >.>2=: 40.>: >.>2.22 >.>>2.>280 -;.=>2l` >.>284 40.02 >.>2:7 >.;8 >.>>2 >.>2:> >.2>0`q >.>28< 40.00 >.>4>> >.;4 >.>>;=:< >.>2:; >.0;>4;40 ;::4kh >.>280 40.40 >.>2=4 >.22 >.>>2==> >.>2:2 ->.70:;;47 2>>7dm >.>28: 40.>2 >.>240 >.;: >.>>2>00 >.>2:7 -2.:70:

    ;4= 2>>2hu >.>2:2 40.:: >.>47= >.;= >.>>28=< >.>2:: 2.4=4>;48 2>>.>2:8 40..>28: >.;2 >.>>;0:7 >.>4>0 -;.>;;4: ;::.>2:: 40..>2:> >.;8 >.>>27 >.>4>7 ->.77>0; ;::=lm >.>4>> 40.:= >.>47< >.22 >.>>4780 >.>4>= ;.042dc >.>4>4 40.74 >.>4;; >.;8 >.>>20=8 >.>4;> >.>282;>;bk >.>4>0 40.7> >.>4>= >.>: >.>>;2=; >.>4;2 ->.4>7 40.00 >.>4>> >.;= >.>>24.>4;4 ->.0824;>7bw >.>4>8 40.0: >.>4>0 >.;= >.>>24:> >.>4;7 ->.7`e >.>4>8 40.=8 >.>444 >.;= >.>>27>: >.>4;7 >.7=8=;>7qa >.>4>8 40.74 >.>4;; >.;8 >.>>20=8 >.>4;7 ->.;=7>;>;ky >.>4>: 40.:4 >.>40= >.;8 >.>>2:7> >.>4;= ;.47=7;>;j` >.>4;2 40.88 >.>4.;= >.>>2=42 >.>42> ;.>7==;>=r >.>4;2 40.74 >.>4;; >.;8 >.>>20=8 >.>42> ->.40

    ;0> 2>>0ou >.>4;4 47.>= >.>48; >.;2 >.>>2;>0 >.>42; 2.80;7;0; 2>>7js >.>4;< 40.=< >.>42= >.;8 >.>>2=;2 >.>422 >.;:;02 ;:::dd >.>4;0 40.70 >.>4;< >.;= >.>>2.>424 ->.47:7;04 2>>7kz >.>4;0 40.=4 >.>427 >.24 >.>>4424 >.>=82;0< 2>>=kj >.>42> 40.0: >.>4>0 >.;= >.>>24:> >.>428 ->.:0:>=bl >.>42> 40.84 >.>4.;: >.>>2:8< >.>428 >.>.>42; 40.48 >.>2== >.;4 >.>>;70: >.>42: -4.;;0= 2>>7as >.>42; 40.8= >.>4.;= >.>>2=;: >.>42: >.774>;08 2>>7t` >.>42; 40.70 >.>4;< >.;8 >.>>27>2 >.>42: ->.0:4>.>42; 40.:> >.>402 >.;= >.>>2=0= >.>42: >.82:;

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) ( ;::;u >.>42< 40..>2:> >.;= >.>>22=2 >.>442 -;.80:0;7; 2>>7bt >.>420 40.8; >.>448 >.;= >.>>27.>44< >.;740;72 2>>7dd >.>42= 47.>: >.>48< >.;= >.>>4>>: >.>447 ;.7;87;74 2>>7s >.>42: 40.:= >.>47< >.;2 >.>>2>;> >.>448 ;.28::;7< 2>>0jq >.>42: 40.:< >.>40: >.;= >.>>28>8 >.>448 >.=>.>44< 40.88 >.>4.;8 >.>>28:2 >.>4.2>2:;77 2>>7mr >.>440 40.:= >.>47< >.;= >.>>28.>4.78=0;7= 2>>4jv >.>447 47.>; >.>4=> >.;: >.>>42.>4.==::;78 2>>4dq >.>44= 40.8< >.>4.;8 >.>>28 >.>4.;2:>4k` >.>448 40.87 >.>4.2> >.>>4;8< >.>4.>

    ;=> 2>>4cd >.>4.>442 >.;8 >.>>2=.>40> ->.782=;=; 2>>0`u >.>4.>40: >.;= >.>>28>8 >.>40> >.2:40;=2 2>>8kg >.>4.>4.;8 >.>>28 >.>40> ->.2=84;=4 2>>=dm >.>4.>47= >.;= >.>>28=< >.>402 >.0=;=< 2>>2m >.>4.>470 >.2; >.>>4044 >.>400 >.4>24;=0 2>>0b` >.>407 40.8= >.>4.;2 >.>>;:;: >.>477 ->.:8:;;=7 ;::.>40= 40.:7 >.>472 >.;= >.>>284< >.>47= ->.;880;== ;::7bo >.>47> 47.;0 >.>4:0 >.;8 >.>>42=0 >.>4=; >.=0>:;=8 2>>2hl >.>47> 40.78 >.>4;8 >.;8 >.>>2748 >.>4=; -;.:82:;=: 2>>7fa >.>47> 40.82 >.>44: >.;= >.>>270= >.>4=; -;.;=>:;8> 2>>;`h >.>472 40.:: >.>47= >.;= >.>>28=< >.>4=4 ->.;:.>470 47.;4 >.>4:2 >.22 >.>>4:77 >.>4=7 >.4:0=;82 2>>>dg >.>470 40.:; >.>40< >.;= >.>>2==> >.>4=7 ->.=:02

    ;84 2>>=a >.>477 40.:= >.>47< >.;= >.>>28.>4== ->.>4kj >.>47: 47.2< >.>.2; >.>>4:84 >.>48> >.=::>;80 2>>=dp >.>4== 40.8> >.>447 >.2: >.>>488 -;.;7;;;87 2>>2bz >.>4=8 47.22 >.>8 >.;8 >.>>4484 >.>4:> >.0.>48> 47.48 >.>.22 >.>>.>4:2 ;.>=>:;88 ;::>y >.>48= 47.>4 >.>4=< >.;= >.>>2:2= >.>4:: ->.80=7;8: 2>>7kc >.>4:; 47.;= >.>4:: >.;= >.>>4;22 >.>4 ->.; ;:::kw >.>4:4 47.44 >.>.;> >.>>;:== >.>0 ;.2;28;:; ;::>t >.>4:= 47.24 >.> >.;7 >.>>4>2; >.> >.>;>0oz >.>2 47.4= >.>.;= >.>>4.>.70=;;:4 2>>;kz >.>7 47.4= >.>.;= >.>>4.>.04>0hg >.>.>.>>4.>.248=;:0 ;::2bo >.>.>.;= >.>>44=7 >.>.;7dg >.>.>.>>4.>.;;87;:= 2>>7dz >.>.>40= >.2> >.>>428: >.>27;:8 2>>;jd >.> 47.2> >.>< >.2; >.>>4:;> >.>>=h >.> >.>.;8 >.>>4> >.>.87=>2>> 2>>0cu >.>.>.>>27.>.>0hd >.> 47.00 >.>.;; >.>>27 >.>.47=02>2 ;::2bh >.>.>.;7 >.>>47.>.=>042>4 ;::2i >.>.>>4282 >.>.::472>< 2>>.> 47..>.;; >.>>24.>:>=2>0 2>>7`q >.>.>0>= >.;2 >.>>28>> >.>0>4 >.;

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (7 ;::0kd >.>.>.;7 >.>>424= >.>0>= -2.>8882>= ;::4kd >.>.>0;7 >.;= >.>> >.>0>8 >.2>;=2>8 2>>7dq >.>.>0;7 >.;8 >.>>.>0;> >.;72>: ;::>kg >.>.>.;7 >.>>4044 >.>0;: -;.;>: ;::4km >.>0>> 47.78 >.>0>< >.;= >.>>4:.>02> ->.48872;; 2>>7kh >.>0>: 4=.>= >.>7>< >.;8 >.>>0>>4 >.>02: ;.7at >.>022 47.7= >.>0>2 >.;: >.>>.>0.:.>02: 47.82 >.>048 >.;7 >.>>4:7< >.>00; ->.44>72;< 2>>=kr >.>044 47.87 >.>0.2> >.>>0>.>000 ->.;.>04= 47..> >.22 >.>> >.>07> -2.;.>0.>0=; >.>: >.>>247= >.>07= >.;0==2;= 2>>4jd >.>0.>.;8 >.>>.>0=> -2.>>7.>07; 4=.>2 >.>0:> >.;0 >.>>=< >.>087 >.>:7=2;: 2>>7py >.>07= 47.:7 >.>0=< >.;; >.>>2:>= >.>0:2 ->.722> 2>>0hi >.>0=7 4=.>8 >.>7>7 >.;7 >.>>7>2 >.>:4;22; 2>>;kh >.>084 4=.>7 >.>7>; >.;= >.>>< >.>7;> ->.;:;>7ab >.>084 4=.>4 >.>0:4 >.2; >.>>0=4; >.>7;> ->.4>>:224 ;::2bc >.>08: 4=.;; >.>7;0 >.;= >.>>.>7;7 ->.>4;022< 2>>7ak >.>08: 4=.2> >.>7.;= >.>>0>;= >.>7;7 >..>7>4 4=.;8 >.>740 >.;= >.>>.>74; >.>7:>0ha >.>7;8 4=.;4 >.>72> >.;2 >.>>4.>7.=:.>72= 4=..>=2: >.;7 >.>>04=2 >.>708 ;.42=7228 2>>0ct >.>74: 4=.42 >.>7== >.;2 >.>>4=.>7=; >.;77:

    22: 2>>=k` >.>7.>740 >.;= >.>>.>7=0 ->.8;24> 2>>7ke >.>70; 4=.4; >.>7=< >.;7 >.>>.>78< ->.2>24; 2>>0jg >.>77< 4=.4= >.>7:4 >.;2 >.>>484> >.>7:: ->.;>7di >.>78< 4=.=4 >.>8;8 >.;= >.>>7< >.>=2; ;.0;:0244 2>>7ae >.>788 4=..>=42 >.2> >.>>7=.>=20 >.;>8>7ko >.>7:> 4=.0= >.>=7> >.;8 >.>>72:: >.>=2= >.0;=.>=>; 4=..>=;: >.;7 >.>>02:8 >.>=4: ->.48.>=.>=7= >.;7 >.>>070; >.>=8: ->.4:=>24= 2>>4hu >.>=.>7:7 >.;= >.>>0 >.>=:> -;.=2:2248 2>>0jr >.>=0< 4=.08 >.>=74 >.;> >.>>40;0 >.>=:8 ->.::4=24: 2>>0oi >.>==> 48.44 >.;>=8 >.;< >.>>7:02 >.>8;7 4.=7:72 ;:::bp >.>=8< 4=.78 >.>=:: >.>: >.>>44;4 >.>842 ->.:8242.>=87 4=..>=42 >.;7 >.>>04:7 >.>84< -;.8800

    2>0km >.>8>> 4=.7: >.>8>4 >.;> >.>>47:8 >.>80> -;.27472>7bu >.>80 >.>:.2> >.>>8=4> >.>8:8 >.0=;02>0 >.>80= 4=.:: >.>:22 >.;2 >.>>0>:0 >.>:;< >.;0:02>0`l >.>80= 48.>> >.>:27 >.;2 >.>>0;;: >.>:;< >.20mb >.>80: 4=.:0 >.>:>0 >.;; >.>>.>:;7 ->.24:8=7 48.24 >.;>4> >.;: >.>>:>;> >.>:40 ;.>0ju >.>8:> 4=.84 >.>80= >.;2 >.>>.>:0; -2.>>482>0`x >.>:2: 48.;0 >.>::4 >.;2 >.>>0.>::7 ->.>0 2>>0i` >.>:4; 48.28 >.;>0< >.;; >.>>0448 >.>::8 ;.>>0ge >.>:4: 48.;= >.;>>2 >.;2 >.>>0047 >.;>>= ->.>:22

    7

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (.>:7: 4:.;4 >.;00: >.;4 >.>>:44; >.;>>: 48..;;.;= >.>>8:72 >.;>8= >.7:20< 2>>0oc >.;>2= 48..;;7; >.;2 >.>>7.;;>8 >.82;=200 2>>0he >.;>7= 48.7< >.;2.;2 >.>>78=4 >.;;0< ;.4>27207 2>>0`g >.;>78 48.4= >.;>:8 >.;2 >.>>7>=> >.;;00 ->.:;20= 2>>0ih >.;>87 48.70 >.;2.;2 >.>>7:>0 >.;;=7 ;.>082208 2>>0fo >.;;4> 48.00 >.;;:4 >.;2 >.>>70:< >.;228 ->.022220: 2>>0cp >.;;.;27; >.;; >.>>7488 >.;2.2;4;27> 2>>0hr >.;;74 48.=0 >.;4>8 >.;; >.>>7728 >.;277 >.74:427; 2>>0gv >.;;=4 48.=0 >.;4>8 >.;; >.>>7728 >.;2=8 >.4

    272 2>>0gh >.;;=7 48.08 >.;2;> >.;; >.>>7;2: >.;28; -;.;7=8274 2>>0hx >.;;:= 48.=7 >.;4;< >.;; >.>>7708 >.;4>7 >.;22;27< 2>>0gz >.;228 48.8> >.;44: >.;2 >.>>=4:: >.;4.>0.;2.;40; >.;; >.>>78.;408 ->.;>22277 2>>0ji >.;2.;2:> >.;; >.>>704= >.;47; -;.>=4.;2< >.;.;7 >.>;;>;8 >.;472 ;.2;2;278 2>>0mp >.;270 48.=; >.;280 >.;2 >.>>=>:8 >.;487 -;.>0`j >.;27= 48.:2 >.;.;2 >.>>=8;: >.;48: >.444=2=> 2>>0hz >.;28= 48.87 >.;4=7 >.;; >.>>7:=2 >.;.02>02=; 2>>0`z >.;2:4 48.:2 >.;.;4 >.>>8.; ->.>0822=2 ;:::be >.;2:: 48.:8 >.;.;4 >.>>8=>8 >.;.4;0:2=4 2>>0gi >.;.;772 >.;2 >.>>:;8= >.;0=> ;.>>=>0gw >.;.;00; >.;; >.>>=80: >.;0== ->.427:

    2=0 2>>0ol >.;.;7>2 >.;2 >.>>880< >.;0:4 >.;>082=7 ;:::bf >.;.;7 >.>;>>.;0:8 -2.42872== 2>>0mx >.;.;; >.>>8.;7>< >.8=>>0oe >.;7 >.;0>: >.;4 >.>>:>40 >.;7;= -;.;:;>7 >.;.;:>> >.;2 >.>;>.;72< 2.72 2>>0`y >.; 4:.4> >.;787 >.;; >.>>8048 >.;744 >.7;=;28; 2>>0gf >.;0;: 4:.;7 >.;08> >.;; >.>>8>>0 >.;7:2 -;.>2282 2>>0hy >.;0.;=>; >.;; >.>>87;= >.;=27 ->.284=284 f>42 >.;00> 4:.74 >.;:72 >.44 >.>2:8;: >.;=4> >.===>28< 7< >.;002 4:.42 >.;=>; >.;2 >.>>:; >.;=44 ->.448.;07; 4:.24 >.;742 >.>8 >.>>7>;4 >.;=2> >.;0:> 4:..;=8; >.2< >.>;:788 >.;==: >.>>:228= 2>>0ml >.;0:: 4:.40 >.;=20 >.;; >.>>8=4= >.;=:> ->.=02>

    288 ;::7r >.;7>> 4:.7> >.;:40 >.48 >.>44877 >.;=:2 >.>0gk >.;7>: 4:.42 >.;=>; >.;2 >.>>:; >.;8>4 -;.>8>72:> 2>>0md >.;748 4:.4: >.;=0= >.;; >.>>8:>> >.;84: ->.:;8=2:; 2>>0js >.;=>7 4:..;824 >.;2 >.>;>>=4 >.;:24 ->.::002:2 ;::=j >.;=2> 4:.4> >.;787 >..>444== >.;: ->.=7472:4 2>>0mk >.;=2= 4:.0> >.;8.;; >.>>:472 >.;:==82:< 2>>0hp >.;=4: 4:.04 >.;8=< >.;4 >.>;;2;8 >.;:7< ->.8>442:0 2>>0hv >.;==7 .>= >.24 >.;2 >.>;42=: >.2>;; 2.:0.;=8> 4:..;8>7 >.2< >.>;::7; >.2>;7 -;.>>0io >.;=:= 4:.=2 >.2>.;2 >.>;;4>2 >.2>4= >.>=20

    =

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

    8/27

    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (.;8>> .;: >.204: >..>02720 >.2>.:>0gt >.;8>; 4:.7< >.;:=; >.;2 >.>;>8:4 >.2>.70>>4>> c.;8;> 4:.78 >.2>>8 >.24 >.>2;27= >.2>04 ->.2;4=4>; 2>>0mi >.;822 4:.0: >.;:27 >.;2 >.>;>7.2>78 -;.442 2>>0jl >.;820 4:.=8 >.2;>2 >.;; >.>;>70; >.2>=2 >.28024>4 2>>0ca >.;847 4:.=; >.2>47 >.;2 >.>;;20> >.2>87 ->.>0ht >.;808 4:.82 >.2;.;2 >.>;;840 >.2;;< >.247:4>0 ;:::lv >.;87> 4:.=; >.2>47 >.;: >.>;=8;4 >.2;;7 ->.84>7 2>>0ic >.;88: 4:.=: >.2;;2 >.;2 >.>;;7=2 >.2;04 ->.40>44>= 2>>0`m >.;8:= 4:.:< >.2274 >.;2 >.>;20>= >.2;74 >.=::0

    4>8 2>>0gu >.;:2; .>< >.24=> >.;2 >.>;4>:= >.2;:< ;.4>0gy >.;:.228< >.;4 >.>;47=0 >.2222 >.4;> 2>>0ce >.;:7= 4:.:2 >.22.;4 >.>;4.2202 ->.>=;04;; 2>>0jz >.2>>7 4:.80 >.2;=; >.;4 >.>;2::: >.24>2 -;.>>=24;2 2>>0if >.2>27 4:.:= >.22:0 >.;4 >.>;4=48 >.2428 ->.2>0m` >.2>0> 4:.:> >.2222 >.22 >.>220;; >.240: ->.7>887 >.2>0> .>2 >.24.;2 >.>;2:== >.240: ->.>8204;0 2>>0ix >.2>87 .02>: >.22 >.>02==2 >.20 0.4;2:4;7 2>>0ip >.2;>: 4:.:8 >.24>0 >.;2 >.>;2= >.2;=24;= l>:: >.2;;> .2> >.200; >.22 >.>208.2..2;;7 4:.:8 >.24>0 >.;2 >.>;2= >.2>0id >.2;;7 .07 >.4>;; >.;7 >.>22;8= >.2 2>>0fj >.2;20 .>: >.2.;4 >.>;.2.2;;2

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    40< 2>>0 >.2740 .== >.44;= >.;4 >.>;:80= >.4;44 >.:2=8400 2>>0ma >.2747 .00 >.2::= >.;< >.>;:42< >.4;4< ->.=>=0407 2>>0jx >.2708 .0> >.2:2: >.;2 >.>;7;8= >.4;7< -;.=40= f>.277> .0244 >.4> >.>=22:< >.4;7= 2.808>408 e4.277> .4: >.2=8< >.20 >.>42>0= >.4;7= -;.;:2440: ;:::lx >.27:> .=8 >.4442 >.27 >.>4:8:8 >.42>= >.4;4;47> 2>>0iy >.2=>< .7= >.4;78 >.;0 >.>2;88; >.4227 ->.27=847; c4:7 >.2=;> .04 >.2:=> >.22 >.>4>>8: >.424< ->.8=:>472 2>>0fa >.2=40 .=4 >.4207 >.;7 >.>24::< >.427: ->.>0;.42.2; >.>4;4.42=7 ->.;>:>47< 2>>0mw >.2=0< .=< >.42=; >.;< >.>2;>:2 >.42:0 ->.;;;;470 2>>0mt >.2==: .8< >.4.;= >.>278;8 >.442: >.40:7477 ;:::gw >.2=8> .0= >.4>20 >.2> >.>2=872 >.444; -;.>:7>0j` >.2=8: .== >.44;= >.;4 >.>;:80= >.44.;4>=478 2>>0jm >.2=:0 .0> >.2:2: >.;< >.>;8880 >.440; -2.24.4.2; >.>44;28 >.4.>4:;4=> >4L.280> .80 >.4.>22;8= >.4.>7=>4=; f>2= >.287> .72 >.27 >.>.4>0gr >.2877 < >.4=07 >.;4 >.>22.40gx >.288< .8< >.4.;0 >.>24774 >.4.2>4=4=< >4L4bk >.2:;2 .8< >.4.;0 >.>24774 >.40;4 ->.47=84=0 2>>0jj >.2:20 .:2 >.400< >.;< >.>22:;< >.404; >.;>2=4=7 2>>0gd >.2:07 .4:44 >.22 >.>4:8.40=4 >.:>274== 2>>0oa >.2:=0 .== >.44;= >.2; >.>42>== >.47>> ->.88;:4=8 2>>0og >.2:8< 7 >.4=:; >.22 >.>487 >.47;2 >.0jv >.2:88 4 >.4=4: >.;0 >.>2082= >.47;8 >. ;::7i >.4>>> .:7 >.472> >.4; >.>0;782 >.4740 ->.>28048; 2>>0hs >.4>>4 .80 >.4.>24==2 >.474: ->.84;8482 2>>0op >.4>;8 .>042>; >.477> ;.8>7>484 m>00 >.4>2> ..2= >.>02887 >.4774 ;.;;7>0im >.4>2< 4 >.4=4: >.;4 >.>22484 >.477: >.4;48480 2>>0jt >.4>87 .:; >.4048 >.;8 >.>2:427 >.4=00 ->.=.4>:> .87 >.4.2; >.>44.4=7; ->.:>==48= e2=8 >.4>:> .4:88 >.2< >.>.4=7; >.0;0;488 2>>0jd >.4>:0 .20 >.;0 >.>2=8>2 >.4=78 >.:2>0jc >.4>:0 2 >.4=22 >.;4 >.>2228> >.4=78 ->.2>7:

    :

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

    10/27

    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) ( 2>>0il >.4;2: ; >.4=>0 >.;< >.>2488< >.48;7 ->.72 >.4; .> >.2< >.> >.484; >.0:;=4:2 2>>0ck >.4;7< ..>48=:; >.4870 ;.> ...>=:708 >.4:;7 >.204:4:< 2>>0ie >.42>< >.487; >.;4 >.>24;;= >.4:22 ->.27;84:0 2>>0ik >.427< .:= >.474= >.;< >.>24= -;.0=874:7 b>;7 >.42:> ..2= >.>04722 >..0>>>0mu >.44>0 .> >.;7 >.>4>2>7 >.77 >.;;224:8 2>>0my >.44>7 0 >.4==4 >.;0 >.>27>77 >.7= -;.;2704:: >4L;gd >.44;> 8 >.4827 >.;< >.>2.=4 -;.>>>8

    > `>2: >.442> ..2< >.>.8= >.;0;84 >.444> .00 >.2::= >.2> >.>2=7>7 >.; -4.::882 >.44=4 ..;< >.>2=;=; >..;:>=4 2>>0gs >.4488 ..;= >.>442:: >..2>=7< 2>>;jw >.44:7 8 >.4827 >.24 >.>02< >..:;280 l>8= >.4> 8 >.4827 >.24 >.>02< >.2 ->.:2=;7 m>:= >.4> .72 >.24 >.>2< >.2 ->.42.42 ..;< >.>2=7=7 >.< >.4;8:8 f;:4 >.4 .:: >.47=; >.22 >.>4=;88 >..482> h47< >.4.2; >.>48077 >..=>484L;bp >.4 ..;0 >.>4>>77 >..2;.>24 >.70fq >.4.>:4 >..;07:>0om >.4..;8 >.>40>:7 >..27>=.402> ..22>;..>4>2.400> ..2> >.>4:=2> >. 28:8; >.4:048 >..40=8 28:8; >..47>> .4:7: >.;8 >.>42:>< >..>4 >..4700:4 >.474> . >.2; >.>0ii >.4777 .0.2> >.>0>. .>.>70:

    .47:> ..;0 >.>4..8::04L4ky >.4=>: .0>2> >.;0 >.>4. ;.>77: .48=: >..>=78;0 >.20>.4= 4 >.4=4: >..>=24;0 >. >.:2 >....;>47;= >..40oq >.4=:> ..2> >.>7=>0iw >.4=:= 4;>0; >. ->.:;7> 7 >.7>>8 >.44 >.>:;4>0 >.0ff >.48>< ..2> >.>48 >. -;.0:=;

    ;>

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

    11/27

    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (< ..22 >.>0>72: >. >.:.484> ..20 >.>0=>>7 >..2;0=>0cq >.48=4 .0007 >.;: >.>. .7..;4:4.2 ;.;>;:>0mq >.48:4 >..2> >.>.>470;; >..=::40fh >.4: .028; >.;0 >.>47..=:.4:70 >.>.0>2: ->.:08.0>77 ->.=2;.4::7 .0;7; >.2; >.>.0>=0 >.;=2>

    > .7=..;;2 >.0>8; ;.;;.;> .0780 >.44 >.>874:7 >.0>:7 >.78;8.;> .=02: >.4= >.;2828= >.0>:7 ;.8:70:> >.24 >.>04:;0 >.0>:7 ->.>;>= 2>>0jy >.20 .07>= >.2; >.>0.0;;8 >.:>;4>0hw >.84 .0.2; >.>020>0 >.02>0 >..> ..27 >.>0;8=< >.024; -;.=42>:7 >. 748== >.027; -;.24;0. .004> >.;< >.>4070< >.04>7 >.7284. ..4> >.>70:44 >.042; ->.8424.07 >.;8288; >.042; >.:78> = >.7>47 >..;;:022 >.048; >.00iv >.: .72>0 >.2> >.>0=;.04:0 ;..>7=202 >.04:= ;..42 >.>:;87; >.04:= >.:;;2. .0;7; >.24 >.>0.0.2kb >. ..2< >.>02::> >.0 >. >...>:;248 >.0.22 >.>04>;0 >.0..>07287 >.00;8 >.>77:.> .0400 >.;0 >.>47:8: >.0044 ->. .74.;0 >.> >.0044 ;.87;;.> >.044> >..;;2:;; >.0044 ->.;=:8 ;::7de >.> .020= >.7; >.;.0044 ->.;8=>.> .=>27 >..;>42

    .> ..47 >.>=>8.0044 -;.==888: >. .070: >.24 >.>0::4: >.072< >.>0=0:= >. .004> >.22 >.>07>28 >.072< ->.;78.08=; >.;; >.>2:=.0787 >.72. 0 >.0:8> >.42 >.>88;4; >.0787 >.44..08:8 >.;7 >.>.;=28.> .=>27 >.0; >.;70>20 >.084: >.=;:=.> .77;8 >.0: >.;=:8;= >.084: >..> .0< >..;;;::4 >.084: ->.488>. >.044> >.;< >.>4.080< -;.0204

    ;;

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (.02 >.2>.0880 ;.2:4.24 >.>=;=4; >.0:;7 ;.;:4=.> .7272 >.2; >.>7>072 >.0::4 >.47 >.;8 >.>0>>44 >.7>>< >.>7..0:04 >.;0 >.>.7>4< ->.;:82. .0=;; >.2= >.>=;>;< >.7>4: ->..7> >.;.7>=> ->..>00.7;;= 2.08 >. .7877 >.28 >.>880 >.7;44 >.828:.> .72>0 >.;0 >.>.7;.;42.0; >.;404=: >.7;=: ->.4>77>2ld >. >.7;2> >.27 >.>=42=0 >.7227 ->.; >.;8 >.>.720= ->.00=>. .7877 >.47 >.;;484= >.7288 >.0>8;.> .72:; >.02 >.;0>700 >.74>< ->.>>84.> .7272 >.2= >.>==870 >.7 ->.20 .04>7 >..;>::.7 -;.>0>; >. .7272 >.27 >.>=.70>= ->.427=0>> ;::7dj >. .700= >.24 >.>7:.704: >.>27=0>; h4;: >. .7;=7 >..;20;0> >.704: ->.28:=0>2 >4L;kx >. .7.;0 >.>.274>0>4 ;::8kx >. 8 >.7>7< >.22 >.>7;.70=> ->.820>0>< `;. .7==2 >.;= >.>04>;: >.70=> >.48>7

    0>0 ;::0ks >. .:;=8 >.7< >.2=>.7087 >.:08>0>7 ;::=di >.0>>> .78:8 >.42 >.;>;700 >.77;8 >.2=080>= >4L;ku >.0>.;0 >.>.7787 >.4;700>8 p02< >.0>8> .74=: >.24 >.>7=074 >.7=.000>: m;2> >.0;>> .004> >.24 >.>080=< >.7==7 -2.;27=0;> 2>>;my >.0;;> .7:4> >.>: >.>28=24 >.7=:2 >.>2kl >.0; .8: >..;8:=.784: >.82=;0;2 l>8< >.0;:> = >.:077 >.4; >.;47077 >.7:;: ;.:4800;4 >.02;> .7:72 >.2> >.>7.7:0> >.>;8;0;< >0Ywj >.02;> .74.;7 >.>.7:0> -;.28.022> .=::4 >.20 >.>:2>28 >.7:77 ;.;;720;7 ;::=h >.027> 884 >.27 >.;4>4>4 >.=>4> 2.:0740;= >.027> .=>27 >.;= >.>00>>8 >.=>4> ->.>>=4

    0;8 2>>2hr >.027> .0=48 >.0; >.;4.=>4> ->.:0:>;ip >.028> .7:4> >.4> >.>:0=.=>74 ->.;48 e280 >.028> >.2< >.>=:.=>74 >.;7>002; >4L4kg >.042> .=0:: >.;= >.>0:.=;27 >.=:4=022 g>;; >.04:> .7.2< >.>=;8;; >.=24: -;.>422024 ;::=`q >.0> .=4:2 >.28 >.>:04;> >.=200 >.; :; >.;; >.>40:24 >.=200 ->.>gr >.0 >.;> >.>440=2 >.=4>4 ->.>488027 >4L;mt >.0 >.7=;> >.;: >.>08=;4 >.=48< -;.;.00>> .77.;7 >.>.=

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (> .=:80.=.00;7 >.7=;> >.;0 >.>.=>;ma >.002> .=4:2 >.;> >.>44: >.=.00=> .=07< >.;7 >.>00=4; >.=02: >.>72>042 g>.07;> .8=2< >.4; >.;2.:>=0044 f>4< >.072> 0 >.:.44 >.; ;.2:7:04< c.07 .7:4> >.2: >.>:200> >.=7.==>>040 2>>;jy >.078> .8;>0 >.2: >.;>8248 >.==>= >.47=;047 ;::7j >.0=>> .=:0= >..;=22;8 >.== >.;20804= ;::7dg >.0=>> .4: >.;4;047 >.== ->.4;70

    048 >4L.0=;> .=>27 >.;= >.>00>>8 >.==07 -;.42=;04: >4L.0=2> ;.448: >.24 >.; >.===4 4.:7>>0 ;::=kg >.0=:> ;;> >.7< >.2:=:7; >.=88= >.=> 78< >.02 >.2008.=:>< ;.>8780.08;> .4: >.227.=:2> 2.>=;;04L.08;> .82;= >.;7 >.>7>0.=:2> >. 7 >.7>>8 >.0; >.;= >.=:2> -;.40.08;= .=:0= >.;7 >.>0872= >.=:4; >.> .::=; >.44 >.;0;028 >.=:47 ;.4.084> .=>27 >.2: >.>:4848 >.=:02 ->.:87=0;> >.0:;> 2>4 >.4; >.; >.8>8< ;..;= >.>0:=74 >.8;>> ->.=8;>00> >4L.0:2> .=2 >.02;0=> >.8;>> ;..0::> .82;= >.48 >.;2 >.82;0 >.>>;0002 h424 >.7>4> .=88< >.28 >.;>;70= >.828; ->.4:;2004 >4L.7> .= >.;7 >.>0.82:8 -;.02.7;>> >.88.;7 >.>70;=8 >.84:= >.78=:000 `;48 >.7;2> .8.28 >.;>: >.8 >.>0; .===7 >.27 >.>:4;>; >.800= p04< >.7;4> .:22> >.;= >.>=2;82 >.8.7;0> .=.07 >.;:42=2 >.8 ->.0>::00: g24; >.7;:> 7 >.:022 >.20 >.;>:728 >.80.8:>>07> ;::7h >.72>> ; >.:4>0 >.;= >.>=280> >.8074 ;.>;8807; >.72>> 2:8 >.4: >.;8.:4=8072 Y->>0 >.724> .=4:2 >.2< >.>8;7:< >.87;4 -;.4L.7278 .82:4 >.;7 >.>7;;>8 >.87=7 ->.7278

    07< `; >.74;> .8=70 >.24 >.>:284< >.8=.>;::070 e207 >.74;> .7:72 >.2< >.>=7:.8=4L.744> >.78 >.27 >.>=7=28 >.8=8> -4.>:>707= m>0> >.744> 0 >.:.;= >.>=< >.8=8> >.:.7> .8:28 >.28 >.;;0;;= >.88:= >.>27007: ;::8ky >.7> .::=; >.;: >.>8=2.88:= ;.24>80=> 2>>4b` >.7> .82:4 >.;: >.>=2077 >.88:= ->.84;:0=; >.7 ; >.:4>0 >.;= >.>=280> >.8:..24 >.>:>4>< >.8:8; ->.0>480=4 ;::0kt >.700> .7==2 >.0> >.;00:4= >.:;

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (.707> .:8=: >.74 >.28772: >.:;77 >.20=0 ;::=r >.70=> .:;=8 >.77 >.2=8:.:;84 ->.>>;80=7 2>>4bl >.7=>> .:8=: >.2; >.>:00.:2 >..7=;> .:;=8 >.;2 >.>0>=;8 >.:.>;mq >.7=;> .7;=7 >.4> >.>8044> >.:>00=: >4L;da >.7=:> 0 c> >.88.2: >.;;8;40 >.:0=2 ->.7;.78=> .8070 >.2= >.;>7.:7:; -;.>0=4082 h4>> >.78=> > >.:274 >.2: >.;24=>2 >.:7:; ->.44L;fl >.788> 0 >.:.;= >.>=< >.:=>8 ->.4>:=

    08< >.7:;> : >.:700 >.20 >.;;;;04 >.:=0: ->.>:4L.7:0> 2>4 >.2; >.>:87=4 >.:82= >.48>=087 2>>;ib >.7:8> 0 >..27;.:8=8 ;.2=2;08= >.=>=> 04= >.27 >.;27;7: ;.>>44 >.4::=088 >.=;>> 2 >.:4.;8 >.>==>80 ->.:0>>08: 2>>;jx >.=;;> .4= >.2>02>2 ;.>;>2 >.: >.=2;> >74 >.;: >.>88>0; ;.>2=< ->.24:;0:; >.=4>> 04= >.;: >.>:22>; ;.>.;;=80:2 2>>2cl >.=40> : >.:700 >.2> >.>88:22 ;.>0;0 ->.:7=80:4 >.=> 087 >.2> >.>:=0>; ;.>7>2 ->.>;700:< >.= < >.22 >.;4>=48 ;.>7;: ;.=.=0>> 4.;< >.>777:= ;.>==0 ->.70:7 >.=02> ;.>740 >.2; >.;>288;> ->.;=>.=07> .;: >.;;=788 ;.>88> 2.;84:0:8 ;::=m >.=74> .=00>2 >.:07>;ga >.==2> .22 >.;;878= ;.;;0: >.> ;::=`z >.=8>> ;.22;; >.;= >.>:00:< ;.;4>> >.:02=7>; p028 >.=8;> .>;007>2 >4L.=:;> :: >.2> >.;;;>;hx >.=::> 4< >.24 >.;;78=; ;.;74< ->.0;4< >4L;gq >.8>>> .;4>;48 ;.;702 >.:;=>7>0 >.8;>> :84 >.2; >.;>72;8 ;.;828 ->.=:0=7>7 > .2; >.;>=7:7 ;.;8.70:= 2>>;hy >.8;2> .2;870= ;.;87< >.28877>8 2>>;ig >.8;0> .=4 >.0>:787 ;.;:;= >.74707>: ;:::gi >.8;7> ..27:7;; ;.;:40 >.2:4:

    7;> >.8;=> .;2>84= ;.;:02 >. 80 >.2= >.;4=84> ;.;:=> ->.7>: >.82;> .;>8827 ;.2>24 >.48>87;4 >.82;8 .2; >.;4>7== ;.2>4= ;.;2:>7;< ;::=kp >.84>> 22 >.2; >.;.84>> ..20=>87 ;.2;84 ->.;;8:7;7 2>>;hs >.844> .02 >.4>.;7>:7;= >0Tpa >.84:> .22 >.;;282< ;.24=>;7;8 > .2; >.;;42:2 ;.247; ->.0=>07;: 2>>4`q >.8> .22 >.;>8: ;.247; ;.>

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) ( H->>4 >.80>> .;= >.>:>8=2 ;.20 -;.>27=72; >.80 .24 >.;2::2: ;.27;2 ->.2700722 2>>2x >.80:> 2 >.4> >.2;;4:8 ;.2=>; ;.24>2724 ;::=`c >.87>> ==2 ;.2=;: ;.2:;;72< >4L;`w >.878> .20 >.;44740 ;.2874 ->.:4:=720 >4L;df >.8=>> .2;>;gs >.8= ;.>740 >.4: >.;:;>>0 ;.2:=; -;.224>72= 2>>;hu >.882> 4< >.08 >.2:.=>7;728 2>>;ih >.880> 0>72: 2>>4`b >.:>>> 7 >.:022 >.2; >.>:2>8= ;.4 >4L.:>0> .; ;.404; ->.=4.:;>> .2;>04L.:2=; .2: >.;:>=;2 ;.4:44 >.;8;:744 >.:4>> .2: >.;0:40: ;.4:87 -;.288774< 2>>4XX >.:40> .24 >.;208>8 ;.== -;.=740 2>>;cl >.:47> 78< >.=; >.4.:=70747 >4L.: .;0402: ;..4>>;748 ;:::gf >.:0>> >.;=;84; ;.2ll >.:0>> >;dw >.:04> .=2=284 ;..4>72=< ;..2; >.;702=2 ;.;if >.:=8> ;.;77; >.2: >.;00=42 ;.08070> >.:84> ..4;2:4; ;..27:770; >;>> .44:24> ;.024;702 >0Ttr ;.>;>> 80 ;.0.2=00704 L->>> ;.>;=> .;4;40> ;.008: >.:>0>70< >2>> .24 >.;7=482 ;.07.>:0G`r ;.>2>> .;=000; ;.07.:084

    707 2>>;hb ;.>4>> .;>0=>8 ;.084; >.040=> .2< >.;=480= ;.7447 ->.4>> ;.>:2> ;2 ;.;;>> .072477> >0Mkb ;.;2>> .;88;>7 ;.=02< >.00>;me ;.;2 .2> >.;=0=:7 ;.=7>> >.8 := >.4= >.2=< ->.70:;774 2>>2cj ;.;> .24 >.;8>;8> ;.=:>< ->.44 ;.;88> > .;::.=78=

    ;0

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` ;KT\RAEAFJDKO LK\K

    Daoufe`s 8 kel : darr`spael ta th` L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8(;) (2) (4) (>< ;.;:2> .;2 ;.2;0> 7 >.07 >.7=424= ;.:4>0Oke ;.24>> .28;77077: >0Ca` ;.24>> 2 2.4.2< >.20:042 ;.:74; ;. H->>0 ;.2 4kz ;.270> .20>;4;> >.:28=7=2 2>>2gw ;.4>>> 2 2.4.2< >.20:042 2.>::2 >.:0:77=4 2>>2hp ;.4>0> .2.;8;>4ki ;.4>=> .4; >.;;82 2.;;2: ;.=4827=0 L->>7 ;.4;0> >=87 2.;28< >.8282

    7=7 2>>4ly ;.4> = 2.2: >.28 >.4>:8 2.;==0 >.=2=77== M->>< ;.40>> .;882.2> 0 2.48>: >.27 >.280>=; 2.2477 >.0>7;7=: >> .20 >.204.2:4:78> 2>>2gx ;.>> .:>:< ;.>7 >.>> ;..4;= 2.4247 ->.08:=

    @el ag \kbo`

    Ae daoufe < th`r` js th` ljstked` faluous. \h` ljstked` faluous js th` lj`r`ed` b`tw``e th` kppkr`et fkmejtul`f kel th` kbsaout` fkmejtul` F ag k sup`reavk (6 f F).Ae daoufe 0 th` ljf`esjaeo`ss abs`rvktjaeko oufjeasjty ljstked` js r`okt l ta th` ljstked` faluous by

    labv 6H>

    d ;>>.20

    H> js f`ksur`l je cf/s`d/Fpd kel d je cf/s`d.Ae daoufe = th` Mkussjke `rrar je labv js dafput`l by

    6 labv >.2 oe(;>)

    Ae daoufe 8 th` sjfuoktjae pramrkf dafput`s th` ljf`esjaeo`ss th`ar`tjdko oufjeasjty ljstked` usjem th` garfuok

    lth` 6`>

    `uH(u)

    lu

    \hjs garfuok daf`s aut ks gaooaws

    lth6H>

    d lth6H>

    d d(; +z) z>

    lu

    H(u) 6 (; +z) z>

    lu

    H(u) 6`

    >

    `u

    H(u)

    wh`r` w` hkv` dhkem`l th` vkrjkbo` graf z ta thraumh th` `quktjae6oe>

    6 oe(; +z) .

    Ae daoufe : th`r` kr` th` vkou`s ag r`sjlukos Re, whjdh kr` mjv`e by

    Re6labve lth`e

    e

    R`sjlukos kr` v`ry us`guo b`dkus` by dafpkrjem th`f wjth k Mkussjke ljstrjbutjae w` dke t`st th` maale`ss ag t ag kfal`o ta th` abs`rvktjaeko lktk. J l`sdrjb` b`oaw th` f`thal ag r`sjlukos whjdh J hkv us`l ks far` r`ojkbo` thke th`v`ry papuokr dhj-squkr`l S;V.

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    2 \H@ F@\HAL AG R@TJLPKOT S2V

    Je arl`r ta kss`ss th` maale`ss ag t ag saf` fal`o ta th` kstraeafjdko lktk w` wjoo jesp`dt th` r`sjlukos. Gar th` tru`fal`o th` ljstrjbutjae ag r`sjlukos js by l`ejtjae Mkussjke wjth f`ke 6 > kel vkrjked` 2 6 ;. Daes`qu`etoy, koow` e``l ta la js ta poat th` ljstrjbutjae ag r`sjlukos je k ljkmrkf kel dafpkr` jt ta k Mkussjke wjth 6 > kel2 6 ;.Jg th` ljkmrkf `xhjbjts k stktjstjdkooy sjmejdket l`vjktjae graf th` Mkussjke, th`e jt js eat th` tru`. Jg th r` js easjmejdket lj`r`ed` b`tw``e ljkmrkf kel th` Mkussjke, th`e thjs f`kes w` prabkboy gauel th` truth. \h` dafpkrjsaeag th` r`sjlukos ta thjs Mkussjke wjoo b` abi`dtjv`oy quketj`l, by usjem k faljdktjae ag th` Caofamarav-Tfjreav t`stag maale`ss ag t, m`e`rkooy r`g`rr`l ta ks th` Ojooj`gars t`st ag earfkojty. S4V\h` tkbo` b`ooaw jooustrkt`s th` t`st.

    \kbo` 29

    Ojooj`gars t`st ag earfkojtyL`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o wjth > 6 >.2= kel H > 6 7:.8

    (;) (2) (4) (.>220; -0.;7 ;/78; >.>>>> >.>>;0 >.>>;0 >.>>;0

    2 -.>>>> >.>>2: >.>>2: >.>>2:4 -> 4/78; >.>>>> >.>>.>>.>>.>>7: >.>>=8 >.>>=8..>>02 >.>>8< >.>>8>74 >.>>77 >.>>77. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7=: 4.:7 7=:/78; ;.>>>> >.>>2: >.>>2: >.>>2:78> 0.4; 78>/78; ;.>>>> >.>>;0 >.>>;< >.>>;078; 0.0< 78;/78; ;.>>>> >.>>>> >.>>>> >.>>>>

    @el ag \kbo`

    Ae daoufe 4 th`r` kr` th` vkou`s ag th` `fpjrjdko dufuoktjv` ljstrjbutjae guedtjae (dlg) ag th` skfpo`. \h` `fpjrjdkodlg js k st`p guedtjae thkt iufps up by ;/78; kt `kdh ag th` 78; lktk pajets. Ae daoufe < th`r kr` th` vkou`s ag th`earfko dufuoktjv` ljstrjbutjae guedtjae. \h` t`st quketj`s k ljstked` O (daoufe 8) b`tw``e th` `fpjrjdko dufuoktjv`ljstrjbutjae guedtjae ag th` skfpo` kel th` dufuoktjv` ljstrjbutjae guedtjae ag th` earfko ljstrjbutjae. \h` oaw`rth` vkou` ag O, th` b`tt`r th` maale`ss ag t. K r`suot kt th` sjfuoktjae pramrkf js kdd`ptkbo` jgO js sfkoo`rthke k drjtjdko vkou` agO (O Odrjtjdko) . Jg w` wket k r`suot ta b` :: p`rd`et tru`, th`eOdrjtjdko 6 ;.>40/gE, wh`r`gE6 (>.84 +E)/

    E ; kel E js th` sjz` ag th` skfpo`. Je aur dks` E674; sa thktOdrjtjdko6 >.>4:7 .

    Haw`v`r k sfkoo vkou` ag O js eat `eaumh. ]` kosa e``l th` ljstrjbutjae ag th` r`sjlukos koaem th` kxjs ta b`syff`trjdko. O`ts fkc` jt do`kr by th` gaooawjem `xkfpo`. Gar twa DLF fal`os, th` rst wjth > 6 >.78 kelH> 6 =>,th` s`dael wjth > 6 >.88 kelH> 6 =2, th` vkou` O gar bath js O >.>00= . \hkt f`kes th` dhked`s gar bath ta b` th`tru` fal`o kr` `quko. Haw`v`r, dafpkrjem th` ljstrjbutjaes ag th` r`sjlukos w` s`` thkt th` s`daels js eat syff`trjdkokoaem th`kxjs kel h`ed` js eat kdd`ptkbo` (s`` mur` b`ooaw).

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    \h` ljstrjbutjae js syff`trjdko koaem th` kxjs wh`e th` o`kst squkr` oje` ag th` r`sjlukos, R 6 +, dajedjl`swjth th` kxjs. \hkt js, wh`e 6 > kel 6 >. \h` t pkrkf`t`rs kel (kssufjem k strkjmht oje` t) kr` S.;78; kel 6 >.>0==. Daes`qu`etoy, k fal`o wjoo b` kdd`ptkbo` jg

    O Odrjtjdko6 >.>4:7

    kel

    || >.;78;|| >.>0==

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    4 EPF@RJDKO TJFPOK\JAET

    ]` kppoy `quktjae

    H2 62>`

    4g

    ; + g

    g

    kt th` sjfuoktjae pramrkf kel w` mjv` ks jeput lktk th` vkou`s > 6 >.2>>, >.2>;, . . . , >.40> kelH> 6 7:.>, 7:.;, . . . , =;.Cf/s`d/Fpd.

    H> js th` pr`s`et Hubbo`s pkrkf`t`r> js th` rktja ag th` pr`s`et l`esjty je fktt`r ta th` pr`s`et drjtjdko l`esjtyKs autput lktk w` hkv` th` gaooawjem pkrkf`t`rs9O js th` fkxjfuf ljstked` b`tw``e `fpjrjdko dlg kel earfko dlg (Ojooj`gars t`st ag earfkojty).q> js th` pr`s`et l`d`o`rktjae pkrkf`t`r.t js th` trkesjtjae tjf`. \hkt js, th` wh`e th` uejv`rs` fkl` k trkesjtjae graf l`d`o`rktjae ta kdd`o`rktjae.zt js th` trkesjtjae r`lshjgt. Js dafput`l thraumh th` `quktjae t 6 oe(; +zt). js mjv`e by `quktjae f/fkel dafput`l vjk `quktjae 6 (; >)H>.Koo th` kdd`ptkbo` r`suots w` m`t kr` je th` tkbo` b`ooaw.

    \kbo` 49

    L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o

    Kdd`ptkbo` r`suotss`rjko

    eufb`r > H> O t q> zt X;>;8s`d;

    ; >.24= =>.2 >.>2;: ->..7< >.0: ;.=.27: 7:.8 >.>224 ->..7> >.04 ;.704 >.278 7:.8 >.>22< ->..7> >.04 ;.77< >.2= 7:.8 >.>220 ->..7> >.02 ;.700 >.2.; >.>22: ->..7< >.08 ;.=27 >.247 =>.2 >.>24> ->..70 >.7> ;.=.2=4 7:.= >.>24> ->..0: >.02 ;.7.2.; >.>244 ->..7< >.08 ;.=2: >.27= 7:.8 >.>24< ->..7> >.04 ;.77

    ;> >.2.; >.>24< ->..7< >.08 ;.=2

    ;; >.248 =>.2 >.>24< ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;2 >.2.; >.>24< ->..74 >.08 ;.=2;4 >.277 7:.8 >.>240 ->..7> >.04 ;.77;< >.270 7:.8 >.>248 ->..7> >.04 ;.77;0 >.20 => >.>248 ->..74 >.0= ;.=>;7 >.2=; 7:.8 >.>248 ->..0: >.02 ;.70;= >.208 7:.: >.>2 ->..7; >.00 ;.78;8 >.24: =>.2 >.>2 ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;: >.2< =>.; >.>2..7< >.0: ;.=42> >.2=2 7:.= >.>2..0: >.02 ;.7.20: 7:.: >.>2..7; >.00 ;.7822 >.2 >.>2..74 >.0= ;.=>24 >.2.; >.>2..74 >.08 ;.=22< >.2< =>.2 >.>2..7< >.0: ;.=420 >.20= 7:.: >.>2..7; >.00 ;.7827 >.207 7:.: >.>2..72 >.00 ;.7:2= >.27< 7:.8 >.>2..7> >.0< ;.7728 >.2=; 7:.= >.>2..0: >.02 ;.702: >.2.; >.>20> ->..74 >.0= ;.=;4> >.27 7:.: >.>202 ->..7; >.0< ;.784; >.2.; >.>204 ->..74 >.0= ;.=;42 >.200 7:.: >.>20< ->..72 >.00 ;.7:44 >.24: =>.; >.>200 ->..7< >.0: ;.=44< >.2=2 7:.8 >.>200 ->..0: >.02 ;.70

    ;:

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` 4L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o

    Kdd`ptkbo` r`suotss`rjko

    eufb`r > H> O t q> zt X;>;8s`d;

    40 >.2= 7:.= >.>207 ->..7> >.02 ;.7047 >.2=4 7:.8 >.>20= ->..0: >.02 ;.7.20; => >.>208 ->..72 >.07 ;.=>48 >.2 >.>208 ->..74 >.0= ;.=;4: >.2.2 >.>208 ->..7< >.08 ;.=4 >.27; 7:.: >.>20: ->..7; >.0< ;.7=.20< 7:.: >.>272 ->..72 >.07 ;.7:.2 >.>272 ->..74 >.0= ;.=;.202 => >.>274 ->..72 >.07 ;.=>.274 7:.8 >.>27< ->..7; >.0< ;.7=.2=< 7:.8 >.>27< ->..0: >.02 ;.7.>270 ->..74 >.0= ;.=;.272 7:.: >.>270 ->..7; >.0< ;.7=.248 =>.; >.>277 ->..7< >.0: ;.=4.274 7:.: >.>27= ->..7; >.0< ;.7=

    0> >.2.2 >.>278 ->..7< >.08 ;.=20; >.27: 7:.= >.>27: ->..7> >.04 ;.7002 >.2.; >.>27: ->..74 >.0= ;.=;04 >.272 7:.8 >.>27: ->..7; >.0< ;.7=0< >.27< 7:.: >.>27: ->..7> >.0< ;.7=00 >.204 7:.: >.>27: ->..72 >.07 ;.7:07 >.204 => >.>2=> ->..72 >.07 ;.7:0= >.27; 7:.8 >.>2=> ->..7; >.0< ;.7=08 >.2 >.>2=; ->..74 >.0= ;.=;0: >.270 7:.: >.>2=; ->..7> >.04 ;.777> >.2 >.>2=2 ->..74 >.08 ;.=;7; >.2 >.>2=< ->..74 >.08 ;.=272 >.202 7:.: >.>2=8 ->..72 >.07 ;.7:

    74 >.2=0 7:.8 >.>2=8 ->..0: >.02 ;.7.24= =>.; >.>2=: ->..7< >.0: ;.=470 >.2.2 >.>28> ->..7< >.08 ;.=277 >.248 =>.4 >.>28; ->..7< >.0: ;.=.278 7:.= >.>282 ->..7> >.04 ;.7078 >.2 >.>284 ->..7< >.08 ;.=27: >.20; 7:.: >.>284 ->..72 >.07 ;.=>=> >.20< => >.>28< ->..72 >.07 ;.7:=; >.27 7:.8 >.>28< ->..7; >.0< ;.7==2 >.277 7:.: >.>28< ->..7> >.04 ;.77=4 >.27= 7:.= >.>28< ->..7> >.04 ;.77=< >.20: 7:.8 >.>280 ->..7; >.00 ;.78=0 >.20 7:.: >.>287 ->..74 >.0= ;.=>

    =7 >.20 =>.; >.>287 ->..74 >.0= ;.=>== >.277 7:.= >.>287 ->..7> >.04 ;.77=8 >.2 >.>2:> ->..7< >.08 ;.=2=: >.2.2 >.>2:> ->..74 >.08 ;.=28> >.27= 7:.: >.>2:> ->..7> >.04 ;.778; >.270 7:.= >.>2:; ->..7> >.04 ;.7782 >.208 7:.8 >.>2:2 ->..7; >.00 ;.7884 >.278 7:.: >.>2:2 ->..7> >.04 ;.778< >.2 >.>2:< ->..7< >.08 ;.=280 >.27: 7:.: >.>2:< ->..7> >.04 ;.77

    2>

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` 4L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o

    Kdd`ptkbo` r`suotss`rjko

    eufb`r > H> O t q> zt X;>;8s`d;

    87 >.2.2 >.>2:0 ->..74 >.08 ;.=28= >.20= 7:.8 >.>2:0 ->..7; >.00 ;.78

    88 >.24: =>.4 >.>2:7 ->..7< >.0: ;.=48: >.247 =>.; >.>2:= ->..70 >.7> ;.= >.200 => >.>2:= ->..72 >.00 ;.7::; >.2= 7:.: >.>2:8 ->..7> >.02 ;.70:2 >.2.>2:: ->..74 >.0= ;.=>:4 >.207 7:.8 >.>4>< ->..72 >.00 ;.78:< >.20; =>.; >.>4>< ->..72 >.07 ;.=>:0 >.207 => >.>4>< ->..72 >.00 ;.7::7 >.2.2 >.>4>0 ->..74 >.0= ;.=2:= >.2< => >.>4>0 ->..7< >.0: ;.=2:8 >.27< 7:.= >.>4>0 ->..7> >.0< ;.77:: >.2< =>.4 >.>4>: ->..7< >.0: ;.=4

    ;>> >.20= => >.>4>: ->..7; >.00 ;.7:

    ;>; >.2=; 7:.: >.>4;> ->..0: >.02 ;.70;>2 >.200 7:.8 >.>4;> ->..72 >.00 ;.7:;>4 >.240 =>.; >.>4;; ->..70 >.7> ;.=< >.2.2 >.>4;< ->..74 >.0= ;.=;;>0 >.2.>4;0 ->..74 >.0= ;.=>;>7 >.2=2 7:.: >.>4;0 ->..0: >.02 ;.70;>= >.2.4 >.>4;7 ->..7< >.08 ;.=4;>8 >.24: => >.>4;7 ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;>: >.274 7:.= >.>4;= ->..7; >.0< ;.77;;> >.208 => >.>4;8 ->..7; >.00 ;.78;;; >.202 =>.; >.>4;8 ->..72 >.07 ;.=>;;2 >.20: => >.>4;8 ->..7; >.00 ;.78;;4 >.27 => >.>4;: ->..7; >.0< ;.78

    ;;< >.20< 7:.8 >.>4;: ->..72 >.07 ;.7:;;0 >.2.>42; ->..74 >.0= ;.=;;;7 >.2=4 7:.: >.>42< ->..0: >.02 ;.70;;= >.272 7:.= >.>42< ->..7; >.0< ;.7=;;8 >.2.2 >.>427 ->..74 >.0= ;.=;;;: >.248 => >.>428 ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;2> >.27; => >.>42: ->..7; >.0< ;.78;2; >.204 7:.8 >.>44> ->..72 >.07 ;.7:;22 >.2.>44; ->..74 >.0= ;.=;;24 >.2.>442 ->..74 >.08 ;.=;;2< >.204 =>.; >.>444 ->..72 >.07 ;.=>;20 >.2.>44< ->..74 >.08 ;.=;;27 >.272 => >.>440 ->..7; >.0< ;.7=

    ;2= >.274 => >.>447 ->..7; >.0< ;.7=;28 >.27< => >.>447 ->..7> >.0< ;.7=;2: >.24= => >.>44= ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;4> >.270 => >.>448 ->..7> >.04 ;.7=;4; >.2.2 >.>44: ->..74 >.0= ;.=;;42 >.27; 7:.= >.>44: ->..7; >.0< ;.7=;44 >.27 7:.= >.>4 ->..7; >.0< ;.7=;4< >.202 7:.8 >.>4 ->..72 >.07 ;.7:;40 >.2=< 7:.: >.>4..0: >.02 ;.7.277 => >.>4..7> >.04 ;.7=

    2;

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` 4L`dr`ksjem Fkss fal`o

    Kdd`ptkbo` r`suotss`rjko

    eufb`r > H> O t q> zt X;>;8s`d;

    ;4= >.2=0 7:.: >.>4..0: >.02 ;.7.20< =>.; >.>4..72 >.07 ;.7:

    ;4: >.2.>4..7< >.08 ;.=;; >.2.>4..7< >.08 ;.=2;.247 => >.>40> ->..70 >.7> ;.=4;.20; 7:.8 >.>40> ->..72 >.07 ;.7:;.2=7 7:.: >.>402 ->..0: >.0; ;.7.>402 ->..7; >.00 ;.7=;.27= => >.>40< ->..7> >.04 ;.77;.20 =>.2 >.>40< ->..74 >.0= ;.=;;.208 7:.= >.>407 ->..7; >.00 ;.78;.20= 7:.= >.>40= ->..7; >.00 ;.78;.200 =>.; >.>40= ->..72 >.00 ;.7:;0> >.20 7:.8 >.>408 ->..74 >.0= ;.=>;0; >.2.>47> ->..7< >.08 ;.=2

    ;02 >.2== 7:.: >.>47> ->..08 >.0; ;.7.278 => >.>47; ->..7> >.04 ;.77;0< >.207 =>.; >.>477 ->..72 >.00 ;.7:;00 >.27: => >.>47= ->..7> >.04 ;.77;07 >.240 => >.>478 ->..70 >.7> ;.=.20; =>.2 >.>478 ->..72 >.07 ;.=>;08 >.2< 7:.: >.>4=; ->..7< >.0: ;.=2;0: >.24< => >.>4=2 ->..70 >.7> ;.= >.2= => >.>4=4 ->..7> >.02 ;.77;7; >.207 7:.= >.>4=< ->..72 >.00 ;.78;72 >.20= =>.; >.>4=< ->..7; >.00 ;.7:;74 >.24: 7:.: >.>4== ->..7< >.0: ;.=2;7< >.2.>4=8 ->..74 >.0= ;.=>

    ;70 >.202 =>.2 >.>48> ->..72 >.07 ;.=>;77 >.200 7:.= >.>48; ->..72 >.00 ;.78;7= >.2=; => >.>48< ->..0: >.02 ;.70;78 >.208 =>.; >.>488 ->..7; >.00 ;.7:;7: >.20: =>.; >.>48: ->..7; >.00 ;.78;=> >.248 7:.: >.>48: ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;=; >.27 =>.; >.>48: ->..7; >.0< ;.78;=2 >.20< 7:.= >.>48: ->..72 >.07 ;.7:;=4 >.27; =>.; >.>4:> ->..7; >.0< ;.78;=< >.24= 7:.: >.>4:4 ->..7< >.0: ;.=4;=0 >.2=2 => >.>4:0 ->..0: >.02 ;.70

    @el ag \kbo`

    Jt js abvjaus graf th` tkbo` kbav` thkt th` l`dr`ksjem fkss fal`o ts ta th` kstraeafjdko lktk jg

    H> 6 => >.4cf/s`d/Fpd

    > 6 >.27 >.>2q>6 >.72 >.>4t 6 >..>4zt 6 >.07 >.>.>0) ;>;8 s`d;

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    Eaw o`ts la th` skf` wjth th` DLF fal`o, whjdh js th` b`st fal`o w` hkv` talky ta `xpokje th` kdd`o`rktjem`xpkesjae ag th` uejv`rs`, kel dafpkr` th` twa fal`os.

    \h` DLF fal`o ab`ys th` `quktjaeH2 6 >`

    4 + (; >)]` kppoy thjs `quktjae kt th` sjfuoktjae pramrkf kel th` kdd`ptkbo` r`suots w` m`t kr` je th` tkbo` b`ooaw.

    \kbo` H> O t q> zt

    ; >.28= 7:.: >.>2;= ->.04 ->.0= >.=;2 >.287 7:.: >.>22< ->.0< ->.0= >.=;4 >.2=: => >.>220 ->.00 ->.08 >.=4< >.280 7:.: >.>22= ->.0< ->.0= >.=;0 >.288 7:.: >.>22: ->.04 ->.0= >.=>7 >.2:= 7:.8 >.>24; ->.02 ->.00 >.78= >.2=8 => >.>242 ->.00 ->.08 >.=48 >.28: 7:.: >.>244 ->.04 ->.0= >.=>

    : >.2:7 7:.8 >.>24< ->.02 ->.07 >.78;> >.2: 7:.: >.>247 ->.04 ->.07 >.=>;; >.28 => >.>247 ->.00 ->.08 >.=4;2 >.2:8 7:.8 >.>248 ->.02 ->.00 >.78;4 >.28; => >.>2 ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;< >.282 => >.>2.0< ->.08 >.=2;0 >.2:; 7:.: >.>2.04 ->.07 >.7:;7 >.28< 7:.: >.>2.0< ->.0= >.=;;= >.4>7 7:.= >.>2.0> ->.0< >.70;8 >.2:0 7:.8 >.>2.02 ->.07 >.78;: >.284 7:.: >.>2.0< ->.08 >.=22> >.2:2 7:.: >.>2.04 ->.07 >.7:2; >.2:: 7:.8 >.>2.0; ->.00 >.7=

    22 >.282 7:.: >.>20> ->.0< ->.08 >.=224 >.4;8 7:.0 >.>20; ->..02 >.722< >.4>0 7:.= >.>20; ->.0; ->.0< >.7720 >.4>< 7:.= >.>202 ->.0; ->.0< >.7727 >.284 => >.>204 ->.0< ->.08 >.=22= >.4 7:.8 >.>204 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=28 >.4>4 7:.= >.>204 ->.0; ->.00 >.772: >.2:< 7:.8 >.>200 ->.02 ->.07 >.7:4> >.2:4 7:.8 >.>200 ->.02 ->.07 >.7:4; >.2:4 7:.: >.>200 ->.02 ->.07 >.7:42 >.28< => >.>207 ->.0< ->.0= >.=;44 >.4>2 7:.= >.>20= ->.0; ->.00 >.7=4< >.280 => >.>208 ->.0< ->.0= >.=;40 >.28; 7:.: >.>20: ->.0< ->.08 >.=247 >.4;= 7:.0 >.>27> ->..02 >.744= >.2:2 7:.8 >.>27> ->.04 ->.07 >.7:48 >.4;4 7:.7 >.>27> ->..04 >.7.4>= 7:.= >.>27; ->.0> ->.0< >.70 >.4>; 7:.= >.>274 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=.2:; 7:.8 >.>27< ->.04 ->.07 >.7:.4;< 7:.7 >.>27< ->..04 >.74.2: 7:.8 >.>270 ->.04 ->.07 >.=>.4>; 7:.8 >.>277 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=.4>8 7:.= >.>27= ->.0> ->.0< >.70

    24

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    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` H> O t q> zt.4;2 7:.7 >.>27: ->..04 >.7.>27: ->.02 ->.07 >.7:

    .4;0 7:.7 >.>2=> ->..04 >.74.287 => >.>2=; ->.0< ->.0= >.=;0> >.4 7:.= >.>2=2 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=0; >.28: 7:.8 >.>2=2 ->.04 ->.0= >.=>02 >.4>2 7:.8 >.>2=4 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=04 >.28 7:.: >.>2=0 ->.00 ->.08 >.=40< >.2:: 7:.= >.>2=7 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=00 >.4;7 7:.7 >.>2=7 ->..04 >.7407 >.4;; 7:.7 >.>2=7 ->.0> ->.04 >.7.4; 7:.7 >.>2== ->.0> ->.04 >.7.4;7 7:.0 >.>2=8 ->..04 >.740: >.288 7:.8 >.>2=8 ->.04 ->.0= >.=>7> >.4>4 7:.8 >.>2=8 ->.0; ->.00 >.77

    7; >.2=: 7:.: >.>2=: ->.00 ->.08 >.=472 >.4;= 7:.7 >.>28> ->..02 >.7474 >.4>: 7:.= >.>28> ->.0> ->.0< >.707< >.28= => >.>28; ->.04 ->.0= >.=;70 >.2=8 7:.: >.>28; ->.00 ->.08 >.=477 >.28= 7:.8 >.>282 ->.04 ->.0= >.=;7= >.2:8 7:.= >.>282 ->.02 ->.00 >.7878 >.4>: 7:.7 >.>284 ->.0> ->.0< >.707: >.28 =>.; >.>28< ->.00 ->.08 >.=4=> >.287 7:.8 >.>28< ->.0< ->.0= >.=;=; >.4;0 7:.0 >.>28< ->..04 >.74=2 >.280 7:.8 >.>287 ->.0< ->.0= >.=;=4 >.288 => >.>287 ->.04 ->.0= >.=>

    =< >.2:= 7:.= >.>28: ->.02 ->.00 >.78=0 >.28; =>.; >.>28: ->.0< ->.08 >.=2=7 >.2== 7:.: >.>2:> ->.00 ->.08 >.=4== >.4>< 7:.8 >.>2:; ->.0; ->.0< >.77=8 >.28: => >.>2:; ->.04 ->.0= >.=>=: >.2:0 7:.: >.>2:2 ->.02 ->.07 >.788> >.4>8 7:.7 >.>2:2 ->.0> ->.0< >.708; >.28< 7:.8 >.>2:4 ->.0< ->.0= >.=;82 >.2:7 7:.= >.>2:0 ->.02 ->.07 >.7884 >.4; 7:.= >.>2:0 ->.0> ->.04 >.7.282 =>.; >.>2:0 ->.0< ->.08 >.=280 >.4>= 7:.7 >.>2:0 ->.0> ->.0< >.7087 >.4>7 7:.7 >.>2:= ->.0> ->.0< >.70

    8= >.4;8 7:.7 >.>2:= ->..02 >.7288 >.284 =>.; >.>2:8 ->.0< ->.08 >.=28: >.4;: 7:.7 >.>2:: ->..02 >.72:> >.4;< 7:.0 >.>4>> ->..04 >.74:; >.4>0 7:.7 >.>4>; ->.0; ->.0< >.77:2 >.2:0 7:.= >.>4>; ->.02 ->.07 >.78:4 >.2:7 7:.: >.>4>2 ->.02 ->.07 >.78:< >.2: => >.>4>4 ->.04 ->.07 >.=>:0 >.4>0 7:.8 >.>4>< ->.0; ->.0< >.77:7 >.4;; 7:.= >.>4>0 ->.0> ->.04 >.7 O t q> zt:= >.28< =>.; >.>4>7 ->.0< ->.0= >.=;:8 >.2:= 7:.: >.>4>8 ->.02 ->.00 >.78

    :: >.4;4 7:.0 >.>4;> ->..04 >.7> >.284 7:.8 >.>4;> ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;>; >.2:; => >.>4;; ->.04 ->.07 >.7:;>2 >.4>< 7:.7 >.>4;; ->.0; ->.0< >.77;>4 >.4;2 7:.= >.>4;; ->..04 >.7< >.4;2 7:.0 >.>4;; ->..04 >.70 >.4;4 7:.= >.>4;2 ->..04 >.77 >.4;; 7:.0 >.>4;4 ->.0> ->.04 >.7= >.2:8 7:.: >.>4;4 ->.02 ->.00 >.78;>8 >.4;< 7:.= >.>4;4 ->..04 >.74;>: >.4>7 7:.8 >.>4;< ->.0> ->.0< >.70;;> >.282 7:.8 >.>4;< ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;;; >.2:< 7:.= >.>4;0 ->.02 ->.07 >.7:

    ;;2 >.2:: 7:.: >.>4;8 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;;4 >.4; 7:.0 >.>4;: ->.0> ->.04 >.7.280 =>.; >.>42; ->.0< ->.0= >.=;;;0 >.28; 7:.8 >.>424 ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;;7 >.4>4 7:.7 >.>424 ->.0; ->.00 >.77;;= >.4>2 7:.7 >.>42< ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;;8 >.4>= 7:.8 >.>42< ->.0> ->.0< >.70;;: >.4>; 7:.7 >.>42< ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;2> >.2:2 => >.>420 ->.04 ->.07 >.7:;2; >.4>: 7:.0 >.>420 ->.0> ->.0< >.70;22 >.4 7:.: >.>427 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;24 >.4>; 7:.: >.>428 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;2< >.2:4 7:.= >.>42: ->.02 ->.07 >.7:

    ;20 >.4;0 7:.= >.>42: ->..04 >.74;27 >.4 7:.7 >.>44> ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;2= >.28 7:.8 >.>44; ->.00 ->.08 >.=4;28 >.2:2 7:.= >.>44; ->.04 ->.07 >.7:;2: >.2=: 7:.8 >.>44; ->.00 ->.08 >.=4;4> >.2:; 7:.= >.>442 ->.04 ->.07 >.7:;4; >.4>8 7:.0 >.>442 ->.0> ->.0< >.70;42 >.4>2 7:.: >.>444 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;44 >.2: 7:.= >.>444 ->.04 ->.07 >.=>;4< >.4>8 7:.8 >.>44< ->.0> ->.0< >.70;40 >.287 =>.; >.>44< ->.0< ->.0= >.=;;47 >.28: 7:.= >.>44< ->.04 ->.0= >.=>;4= >.288 7:.= >.>447 ->.04 ->.0= >.=>

    ;48 >.4;7 7:.= >.>447 ->..04 >.74;4: >.2=8 7:.8 >.>44= ->.00 ->.08 >.=4; >.28= 7:.= >.>44= ->.04 ->.0= >.=;;.287 7:.= >.>448 ->.0< ->.0= >.=;;.2:: 7:.7 >.>4 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;.4;= 7:.= >.>4 ->..02 >.74;.2:8 7:.7 >.>4.02 ->.00 >.78;.4>= 7:.0 >.>4.0> ->.0< >.70;.2:= 7:.7 >.>4.02 ->.00 >.78;.4>: 7:.8 >.>4.0> ->.0< >.70

    20

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    26/27

    Daetjeuktjae ag \kbo` H> O t q> zt;.2:7 7:.7 >.>4.02 ->.07 >.78;.2:0 7:.7 >.>4.02 ->.07 >.78

    ;0> >.2:4 => >.>4.02 ->.07 >.7:;0; >.4; 7:.8 >.>4.0> ->.04 >.7.4;8 7:.= >.>4..02 >.72;04 >.28= =>.; >.>4.04 ->.0= >.=;;0< >.2== 7:.8 >.>4.00 ->.08 >.=4;00 >.280 7:.= >.>4.0< ->.0= >.=;;07 >.4;; 7:.8 >.>4.0> ->.04 >.7.4>4 7:.: >.>40> ->.0; ->.00 >.77;08 >.4>7 7:.0 >.>40> ->.0> ->.0< >.70;0: >.2:< => >.>402 ->.02 ->.07 >.7:;7> >.4;: 7:.= >.>402 ->..02 >.72;7; >.2=7 7:.8 >.>40< ->.00 ->.0: >.=.42 7:.= >.>400 ->..02 >.72

    ;74 >.4>< 7:.: >.>408 ->.0; ->.0< >.77;7< >.288 =>.; >.>40: ->.04 ->.0= >.=>;70 >.4;2 7:.8 >.>40: ->..04 >.7.42; 7:.= >.>47> ->..02 >.72;7= >.4>0 7:.0 >.>47; ->.0; ->.0< >.77;78 >.2:< 7:.7 >.>47; ->.02 ->.07 >.7:;7: >.28< 7:.= >.>47; ->.0< ->.0= >.=;;=> >.2:0 => >.>470 ->.02 ->.07 >.78;=; >.4>0 7:.: >.>477 ->.0; ->.0< >.77;=2 >.2:4 7:.7 >.>47= ->.02 ->.07 >.7:;=4 >.284 7:.= >.>4=; ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;=< >.4;4 7:.8 >.>4=2 ->..04 >.7.2:2 7:.7 >.>4=4 ->.04 ->.07 >.7:

    ;=7 >.4>7 7:.: >.>4=7 ->.0> ->.0< >.70;== >.4>< 7:.0 >.>4=: ->.0; ->.0< >.77;=8 >.2:; 7:.7 >.>48> ->.04 ->.07 >.7:;=: >.282 7:.= >.>48> ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;8> >.4;< 7:.8 >.>482 ->..04 >.74;8; >.4;0 7:.8 >.>48< ->..04 >.74;82 >.2:7 => >.>48< ->.02 ->.07 >.78;84 >.2: 7:.7 >.>487 ->.04 ->.07 >.=>;8< >.28; 7:.= >.>48= ->.0< ->.08 >.=2;80 >.4>4 7:.0 >.>48= ->.0; ->.00 >.77;87 >.28 7:.= >.>488 ->.00 ->.08 >.=4;8= >.4>2 7:.0 >.>488 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;88 >.4>= 7:.: >.>488 ->.0> ->.0< >.70

    ;8: >.2=: 7:.= >.>488 ->.00 ->.08 >.=4;:> >.4>; 7:.0 >.>488 ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;:; >.4 7:.0 >.>48: ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;:2 >.2:: 7:.0 >.>4:> ->.0; ->.00 >.7=;:4 >.4>8 7:.: >.>4:4 ->.0> ->.0< >.70;:< >.28: 7:.7 >.>4:4 ->.04 ->.0= >.=>;:0 >.2:= => >.>4:4 ->.02 ->.00 >.78;:7 >.2:8 7:.0 >.>4:= ->.02 ->.00 >.78

    @el ag \kbo`

    27

  • 7/23/2019 Astronomical Data Methond of Residuals Simulations

    27/27

    Graf th` tkbo` kbav` w` daedoul`, thkt DLF fal`o ts ta th` kstraeafjdko lktk jg

    H> 6 7:.8 >.4cf/s`d/Fpd

    > 6 >.4> >.>2q>6 >.00 >.>4t 6

    >.02

    >.>.78 >.>7

    R`g`r`ed`s

    S;V http9//krxjv.arm/plg/;>;2.4=0;2.4=0>=-pr`tty.plg Ojooj`gars/ Wke Ta`sts t`st ag earfkojty. H`rv Kblj ^kuoFaoje

    S0-2>;>/tapjd;/kpp;/kpp;.plg Hubbo`s Okw kel Fal`o Gjttjem. ^km` 0.Komarjthf gar ttjem ta k strkjmht oje`. Dafpkr` `quktjaes (;>) wjth `quktjae (7).

    S0V http9//yauem.physjds.udsd.`lu/20>/ost.plg ^hysjds 20>, O`kst squkr`s ttjem, ^`t r Zauem. ^km` 0. GJ\\JEM \ALK\K ]J\H @RRAR BKRT, s`` `quktjae (24) ae pkm` 7.