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By Authority OfTHE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Legally Binding Document

By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code 552(a) and

Part 1 of the Code of Regulations 51 the attached document has been dulyINCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally

binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.

HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.

Official Incorporator:

THE EXECUTIVEDIRECTOROFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Document Name:

CFR Section(s):

Standards Body:

e

ASTM A449: Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts

and Studs

24 CFR 200, Subpart S

American Society for Testing and Materials

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AMERICAN NATIONAL ,ANSI/ASTM A 449 - 78aSTANDARD ' :.I f . .

I,'

Standard, ,Specification forQUENCHED AND TEMPEREI)'STEEL BOLTS AND STUDS1

, 'IThis standard is issued under ~ h e .l lxed designiiionA 449; the number'inunediateiy following the designatiori indIcates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year oflast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the yeiu"oflastreapproval. ; , " ' ',', "',

1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the chemicaland mechanical requirements for quenchedand tempered, medium carbon steel bolts andstuds 3 in. and under in diameter for generalapplications where ,highs,trength is required.'1.2 Suitable nuts larecoveted ,in Specifica- ,tion A 563. Unless otherwise 'specified, the

~ r a d e a,nctstyle ofn,ut shall be ,as fo}1ows,:,Fastener Size and Surface Finish Nut Grade and ,Style4-y to f.im./plaiittorwiih a coating of B, hex, \ i r l ~ ~ t f i c i e i J t thickness to require over-

l. tapped nuts) 'over I to 3 in plain (or with a coating A, heavy hexof insufficient thickness to requireover-tapped nuts)v to 3 in., galvanized (or with a coating C, heavy hexthickness requiring over-tapped nuts)

A Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proofload stresses (Specification A 563, Table 3) greater than thespecified grade and style of nut are suitable.NOTE I -The values stated in inch-pound unitsare to be regarded as the standard.

2. Applicable Documents2 1 STM Standards:A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (HotDip) on Iron and Steel Hardware2A 370 Methods and DefInitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products.3A 563 Specification for Carbon and AlloySteel Nuts42.2 American National Standards:5ANSI B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsANSI B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and

Screws .3. Material and Manufacture

3.1 Steel for bolts and studs shall be madeby the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electricfurnace process.

3.2 The bolts and studs shall be heat treatedby quenching in 'a'liquid medium froma1;Jpvethe, transformation, temperature ana then ,tempering by re4ellting t9 a temperature of n9t1essthan 800F '(427C). ,3.3 rIueads of bolts and studs shall, berolled, 'cut; of'ground. ' "'"3:4Whtin specified, galvaIliied 'fastenersshall be hot-dip galvanized in c ~ o r d n c e with

i h e r e q u i r e I i 1 e I l t s ~ t C l a ~ s . C of. p e c i f i c a t i ~ nA 153. When specified by the purchaser to,hemechanically galvanized, fasteners covered byt h i ~ specific.atibn':shali: oe iliechilIllcallYZW,Ccmlted,anci the coating h a l l ~ o I i f o r m \to -requirements for Class 50 of Specification B 454,or to the coating thickness, adherence, andquality requirements for Class C of Specification A 153.

NOTE 2-When the intended application requiresthat assembled tension exceeds 50 % of minimumbolt or stud proofload, an anti-galling lubricant maybe needed, Application of such a lubricant to nutsand a test of the lubricant efficiency are provided inSupplementary Requirement Sl of SpecificationA 563 and should be specified when required.4. Chemical Requirements

4.1 The bolts and studs shall conform torequirements as to the chemical compositionspecified in Table 1.4.2 Product analyses may be made by the

I This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee F-16 on Fasteners, and is the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee F 16.02 on Steel Bolting.Current edition approved Sept. 29, and Oct. 27, 1978.Published December 1978. Originally published as A 449 -63 T. Last previous edition A 449 - 77.2 Annual Book of STM Standards Part 3.aAnnual Book of STM Standards Parts I to 5 and 10.4 Annual Book of STM Standards Parts I and 4., May be obtained from American National StandardsInstitute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018,

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purchaser from fmished material representingeach lot. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements prescribed for product analysis in Table 1.4.3 Application of heats of steel to which

bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has beenintentionally added shall not be permitted.5. Mechanical Requirements

5.1 Bolts and studs shall not exceed the maximum hardness specified in Table 2. Bolts lessthan three diameters in length and studs lessthan four diameters in length shall have hardness values not less than the minimum normore than the maximum hardness limits required in Table 2, as hardness is the onlyrequirement.5.2 Bolts and studs 1 in. in diameter orless, other than those excepted in 4.1, shall betested full size and shall conform to the tensilestrength and either the proof load or yieldstrength requirements specified in Tables 3 and4.

5.3 Bolts and studs larger than 1 in. indiameter as above, other than those exceptedin 5.1, shall preferably be tested full size andwhen so tested, shall conform to the tensilestrength and either the proof load or yieldstrength requirements specified in Tables 3 or4 respectively. When equipment of sufficientcapacity for full-size testing is not available, orwhen the length of the bolt or stud makes fullsize testing impractical, machined specimensshall be tested and shall conform to the requirements of Table 5. In the event that bolts aretested by both full size and by the machinedtest specimen methods, the full-size test shallgovern if a controversy between the two methods exists.5.4 or bolts and studs on which both hardness and tension tests are performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence over low readings of hardness tests.6. Dimensions

6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the boltsshall be fmished hexagon head with dimensionsconforming to the latest issue of ANSI BI8.2.1.6.2 Studs shall have dimensions conformingto those specified by the purchaser.6.3 Unless otherwise specified, threads shallbe Coarse Thread Series as specified in the

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A 449latest issue of ANSI B1.1, and shall have Class2A tolerances.

6.4 Unless otherwise specified, bolts to beused with nuts or tapped holes that have beentapped oversize, in accordance with Specification A 563, shall have Class 2A threads beforehot dip or mechanical galvanizing. After galvanizing, the maximum limit of pitch and major diameter may exceed the Class 2A limit bythe following amount:

Diameter, in.Up to 'Vi inelOver /16 to I, inclOver I

Oversize Limit, in. mm)A0.016 0.41)0.021 0.53)0.031 0.79)

These values are the same as the minimum overlappingrequired for galvanized nuts in Specification A 563.6.5 The gaging Ihnit for bolts shall be verified during manufacture or use by assembly ofa nut tapped as nearly as practical to theamount oversize shown above. In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of that samesize Class tolerance, gage tolerance plus) isto be used. Assembly of the gage, or the nutdescribed above, must be possible with handeffort following application oflight machine oilto prevent galling and damage to the gage.

These inspections, when performed to resolvedisputes, are to be performed at the frequencyand quality described in Table 6.7. Test Methods

7.1 Bolts and studs shall be tested in accordance with Supplement of Methods A 370.7.2 The wedge test shall be applicable onlyto square and hexagon head bolts.7.3 Studs shall be tested by the Axial Tension Method as described in SI1.1.3.1, Supple

ment of Methods A 370.8. Number of Tests and Retests

8.1 The requirements of this specificationshall be met in continuous mass production forstock, and the manufacturer shall make sampleinspections to ensure that the product conformsto the specified requirements. Additional testsof individual shipments of material are notordinarily contemplated. Individual heats ofsteel are not identified in the fmished product.

8.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall furnish a test report certified tobe the last completed set of mechanical tests foreach stock size in each shipment.

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8;3, When testing on a lot basis is specifiedon the purchase order, a lot, for purposes of'selecting test samples; shall (:onsist of allma; terial'of,one:.type; that is, bolts or studs havingthe, same nominal diameter and length offeredfot mspection :at one time. From each lot; thenumber of tests for' each .specified propertyshall be 'as follows: ; i

Number of Pieces in Lot800 and lessOver 800 to 8 bob inclOver 8 000 to 22 000, inelOver 22000

Number ofSam.ples, I2

358.4 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of a specified test, double the opginal number of samples from the same lot shall

be retested for the requiremetit(s), iIJ which tfailetl. All the additibiialsamples shall conform'tt) the specification or the lot shal1be . e j ~ C t ~ d ., 8.5 If any test s p e c i m e ~ shows defective machming, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.9. Workmanship- 9 1 The bolts.-and studs shall be comriJ.er-cially smooth and free from burrs, laps; seams,cracks, arid Other; injurious material or manu

facturing defects which would make them unsuitable for theiritended application.10. Marking

10.1 Bolt heads shall be marked with 3:radial, .TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

CarbonManganese, minPhosphorus, maxSulfur, max '

, ~ o m p o s i t i o n ; % 'Heat

A : ~ a 1 x s i 0.28-0.550,.60.6.0400.050

.- . ,. i

Product,Analysis0.25-0.580.570.0480.058

04.449lines 120 deg apart and with a symbol idenV>Tying the. manufacturer, Markings may beraised or depressed atthe option of the manu-facturer.: .. - , . " :

; i1: . nspei ti?D.11.1 Ii t 1 l ' e ' i n s p e c t i o n ' d e ~ c r i b e d in 8.2 isrequired by the p _ u r c h a s e ~ r it, shall pe specifiedin the inquiry and c;011,tra

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~ ~ ~ A 9TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements for Coarse-Thread Fuil-Size Bolts and Studs

Proof Load, Length Alternative ProofBolt or Stud Threads per S.tress Area, Tensi le Load, Load, Yield StrengthDiameter, in. inchA 8 min,lbfc Measurement Method (0.2 Off-ll Method, lb fc set ,lbfcColumn 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6

y 20 0.0318 3 800 2700 29000/16 18 0.0524 6 300 4450 4 800. 16 0.0775 9 300 6 600. 7 100

6 14 0.1063 12750 9 050 9 800V. 13 0.1419 17 050 12 050 13 0500/16 12 0.182 21 850 15 450 167500/, 11 0.226 27 100 19 200 20 800

10 0.334 40 100 28 400 30700Va 9 00462 55 450 39 250 42 500

8 0.606 72 700 51 500 55 750IVa 7 0.763 80 100 56450 61 800IV. 7 0.969 101 700 71 700 78 50010/, 6 1.155 121 300 85 450 93 550IY, 6 10405 147 500 104 000 113 800lo 4 5 1.90 171 000 104 500 110 2002 41'2 2.50 225 000 137 500 145 0002V. 4Y 3.25 292 500 178 750 188 5002Y 4 4.00 360 000 220 000 232 0002 4 4.93 443 700 271 150 286 0003 4 5.97 537 300 328 350 346 200

For 8 threads per inch in sizes I y to I y in., incl, stresses of 105,000 psi (725 MPa), 74,000 psi (510 MPa), and 81,000 psi(560 MPa) sha ll be used for calculating the values in columns 4, 5, and 6 respectively.B Stress area calculated from the formula:

A, = 0.7854 [D - 0.9743/n)]where:A = stress area,D = nominal diameter, andn = threads per inch.

C Values tabulated are based on the following:Bolt Size, in. Column 4, psi (MPa)

V. to I, incl 120 000 (825)I y to m inel 105 000 (725)1 to 3, incl 90 000 (620)

401

Column 5, psi (MPa)85 000 (585)74 000 (510)55 000 (380)

Column 6, psi (MPa)92 000 (635)81 000 (560)58 000 (400)

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:rABLE 4Bolt or Stud Threads perDiameter; In. inch

Colul \ll L Column 214 280/1 24% 24VI. 20V 20fl.. 18% 180 4 16VB 14

12IV. 12m 121 12IV. 12

A See foolnoteB below Table 3.B See foolnoleo below Table 3.

~ ~ ~ A 9Tensile Requirements (or F i n e . T h r e a ~ . , F u U . S i z e Bolts and Studs

Proof Load, Length Alternative ProofStress Area, Tensile .Load, Load, Yield Stre)lgth 2A min; IbfB Measurement Method (0.2 Off. Method, IbfB set), min, IbfBColumn 3 Column 4 ,Column 5 Column 6

0.0364 4350 3 100 3 5000.0580 6 950 4950 5 3500.0878 10 550 7 450 8 1000.1187 14500 10 100 10 9000.1599 19 200 13 600 147000.203 24350 17 250 18 7000.256 30700 21 750 23 5000.373 44 750 31 700 . , 343000.509 61 100 43 250 46 8000.663 79550 56 350 61 0000.856 89 900 63 350 69 3501.073 112 650 79400 86 9001.315 138 100 .97 300 106 5001.581 166 000 117 000 128 000

TABLE 5 rensile Requirements f o r ~ p e c l m e n s Machined from Bolts and StudsBolt or Stud Diameter, in.

14 to 1, illcl Q v e ~ 1 t \ 1 . . inelOver 1V2 to 3, incl

Tensile Strength,min, psi (MPa)'120 000 (825)105 , 000 (725)90 0,00 ~ 2 0 ) .

Yield Strength, min,psi (MPa)92 000 (635)81. 000 (560)58 000 (400)

Elongation in4Dmin141414

TABLE 6 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers forInspection of Hot Dip or Mechanically Galvanized ThreadsLot Size SampleSizeA, B AcceptanceNumberA2 to 90 13 191 to 150 20 2151 to 280 32 3281 to 500 50 5

5 1 to 1 200 80 71 201 to 3 200 .125 103201 to 10 000 206 1410 00 I and over 315 21

A Sample sizes of acceptance numbers are extracted from"Single Sampling Plan for Normal Inspection" Table IIA,MILSTD105D

B Inspect aU bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than thesample size,

Reduction ofArea, min,353535

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted inconnection with any item mentionea in this standard. Users oj this standard are expressly advised that determination of thevalidity of any such patent rights and the risk of nfringement of such rights is entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fiveyears and if not revised either reapproved or withdrawn Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard orfor additional standards and should be addressed to STM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsible technical committee which you may attend. Ifyou feel that your comments have not received

afair hearing you should make your views known to the STM Committee on Standards 1916 Race St. Philadelphia Po19103 which will schedule a further hearing regarding your comments. Failing satisfaction there you may appeal to theSTM Board ofDirectors.

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