ASTI’s Operational Plan, 2011 2015 - CGIAR · 2017-12-19 · March 2011 ASTI’s Operational Plan, 2011–2015 For more information: Nienke Beintema, head ASTI, IFPRI ([email protected])

March 2011

ASTI’s Operational Plan, 2011–2015

For more information: Nienke Beintema, head ASTI, IFPRI

([email protected])

Transitioning From Ad Hoc Data Collection

Activities to a Sustainable System of

Data Compilation and Analysis

Executive Summary p 2

Acronyms p 3

Background p 4

Statement of Purpose p 5

Mission p 5

Vision p 5

The Importance of Agricultural R&D Data p 5

Objectives p 6

Operational Model p 7

Transforming ASTI: Planned Activities (2011-15) p 12

Summary of Anticipated Financial Needs (2012–15) p 14

ANNEX

Achievements during 2001–10 p 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Having been awarded a substantial grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in

addition to direct support provided by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI),

the ASTI initiative was overhauled and expanded during 2008–11. Activities focused on

updating agricultural research and development (R&D) datasets for Sub-Saharan Africa and

South Asia and making essential improvements to the initiative’s communication and

dissemination strategies. These achievements have enabled ASTI to embark on a process of

transformation from a program of ad hoc data collection to a sustainable system of up-to-date

data compilation and analysis. Completing this transformation will require meeting three

further objectives:

1. Establishing an institutionalized data collection system at regular intervals. An

institutionalized data collection system will facilitate more decentralized and frequent

collection, synthesis, and analysis of data through a set of national and regional focal

points, thereby promoting ownership of the datasets by national partners, stimulating

further advocacy and analysis, and securing the continuity of data collection activities.

2. Expanding ASTI’s geographical coverage. The expansion will enable ASTI to update its

datasets for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and West

and Central Asia and the Middle East. These updates are important to enhance

assessments of agricultural R&D investment, human resources capacity, and

institutional patterns across low- and middle-income countries, and will form the basis

for two-year rolling status reports on global agricultural R&D.

3. Expanding analysis beyond the descriptive examination of national and regional capacity

and investment trends conducted to date. The intensification of analysis will be achieved

by developing capacity within ASTI; sourcing a network of external analysts; and

organizing a series of workshops, seminars, and conferences. ASTI’s analytical agenda

will be built on the outcomes of the conference ASTI is organizing with the Forum for

Agricultural Research in Africa.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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AARINENA Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East and

North Africa

AgGDP agricultural gross domestic product

AMCOST African Ministerial Council on Science and Technology

APAARI Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions

ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and

Central Africa

ASTII African Science, Technology, and Innovation Indicators program (under

NEPAD)

CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme

CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CORAF/WECARD West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and

Development

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

FORAGRO Forum for the Americas on Agricultural Research and Technology

Development

GFAR Global Forum on Agricultural Research

ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural Research

NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

R&D research and development

RUFORUM Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture

S&T science and technology

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Science, and Cultural Organization

ACRONYMS

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Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that agricultural science and technology (S&T)

investments have greatly contributed to economic growth, agricultural development, and

poverty reduction in developing regions over the past five decades.1 Effectively disseminated

new technologies and crop varieties resulting from S&T investments have enhanced the

quantity and quality of agricultural produce, at the same time increasing sustainability, reducing

consumer food prices, providing rural producers with access to markets, and improving gender-

based allocations and accumulations of physical and human capital within households. Given

important challenges—such as rapid population growth, adaptation to climate change,

increasing weather variability, water scarcity, and the volatility of prices in global markets—

policymakers are increasingly recognizing the value of greater investment in agricultural S&T as

an essential element in increasing agricultural productivity.

The Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative is one of the few

sources of information on agricultural S&T statistics for low- and middle-income countries.

Facilitated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), ASTI has been compiling,

analyzing, and publicizing primary data on institutional developments, investments, and

capacity trends in agricultural S&T in low- and middle-income countries since 2001, building on

prior projects undertaken by IFPRI and the former International Service for National Agricultural

Research (ISNAR). ASTI has published sets of country briefs and country notes, regional

synthesis reports, and datasets that have been widely and frequently cited in national and

international agricultural research policy documents. ASTI outputs provide both data trends—

the progress of human and financial capacity agricultural research over time—and data

comparisons—the performance of a country or a region relative to another. The initiative has

produced a large amount of original and ongoing survey work focusing on developing countries,

but it also maintains access to relevant data for developed countries for comparative purposes.

ASTI is also a comprehensive source of qualitative information on the history of national

agricultural R&D systems, institutional changes, and constraints that agencies and researchers

face in undertaking agricultural R&D. Data collection, analysis, and dissemination are conducted

through a network of national, regional, and international agricultural R&D agencies.

1 See International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), Synthesis

Report, Washington, DC: Island Press and World Bank, 2008, and World Bank, World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development, Washington, DC, 2007.

BACKGROUND

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This operational plan has been developed for the purpose of defining and directing ASTI’s

activities over the next five years (2011–15). The plan envisions an expanded program

combining more frequent, sustainable data collection with further in-depth data analysis,

capacity strengthening at the national levels, and a wider geographical focus. This will be a

“living document” to be amended over time as the proposed expansion of ASTI progresses in

accordance with the recommendations of ASTI’s stakeholders, elicited through consultation,

the initiative’s Advisory Committee, and other modes of communication.

Informed policy decisions will have a positive impact on agricultural R&D systems and

ultimately enhance productivity growth in agriculture, economic development, food security,

and poverty reduction.

To provide up-to-date quantitative and qualitative datasets and subsequent analyses on

investment, capacity, and institutional trends in agricultural R&D in low- and middle-income

countries that will assist R&D managers and policymakers in improved policy formulation and

decisionmaking at national, regional, and international levels.

“YOU CAN’T MANAGE WHAT YOU DON’T MEASURE.”

Data on the size and scope of R&D capacity and investments together with the changing

institutional structure and functioning of agricultural research agencies enhances our

understanding of the contribution of agricultural R&D in promoting agricultural growth.

Indicators derived from such information allow the performance, inputs, and outcomes of

agricultural R&D systems to be measured, monitored, and benchmarked. They assist research

managers and policymakers in formulating policy and making decisions about strategic

planning, priority setting, monitoring, and evaluation. They also provide information to

governments and others involved in the public debate on the state of agricultural S&T at

national, regional, and international levels. For example, monitoring African agricultural S&T

systems is fundamental to assessing progress toward the targets of the Comprehensive Africa

Agricultural Development Program (CAADP), specifically related to CAADP’s foundational pillar

focusing on increasing investments in agricultural research, extension, education, and training

as a means of promoting agricultural productivity growth.

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

VISION

MISSION

THE IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL R&D DATA

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The ASTI initiative has identified four objectives in fulfilling its vision and mission:

ASTI will provide comprehensive datasets on agricultural R&D investment and capacity trends

and institutional changes in low- and middle-income countries. The datasets will be of high

quality; be updated at regular intervals; and be made easily accessible to policymakers, S&T

managers, donors, researchers, and others. The datasets will provide insights into country and

regional trends over time, and allow for comparisons among countries and regions at specific

points in time. The initiative will continue to undertake original and ongoing survey work

focused on developing countries, while maintaining access to relevant developed-country data.

In addition to its statistical undertakings, ASTI will also continue to provide comprehensive

qualitative information on the history of national agricultural R&D systems, institutional

changes, and constraints facing agencies and researchers undertaking agricultural R&D. Data

collection, analysis, and dissemination will be conducted through an expanded network of

national, regional, and international partners.

ASTI will stimulate the use and further analysis of its datasets by policymakers, R&D managers,

researchers, and other stakeholders. Greater emphasis on analysis will enable the data’s

inherent potential to be realized, thereby increasing the relevance of ASTI’s outputs. During

various consultations, three areas of analytical activities were identified:

1. Analysis to improve ASTI’s methodology and data collection procedures. This area

focuses on problems relating to conceptualizing and measuring S&T investments to

ensure the data can be meaningfully compared across space and over time.

2. Analysis for policymakers, R&D managers, and other stakeholders. Additional in-depth

analyses of the quantitative and qualitative information compiled by ASTI are needed to

provide further insight into the underlying trends and issues related to agricultural R&D

capacity and investments, as well as the structure and functioning of agricultural R&D

systems. This type of analysis is needed by policymakers, R&D managers, and other

stakeholders in order to make informed decisions.

3. Data provision for broader economic analysis. This type of analysis focuses on questions

related to the development and diffusion of technologies, and should go beyond more

traditional rate-of-return and priority-setting studies.

The ASTI team will focus on the first two research areas both by conducting analytical

studies and by establishing a network of national, regional, and international partners capable

OBJECTIVES

Objective 1. Providing Up-To-Date, High-Quality Datasets on Agricultural R&D

Objective 2. Conducting Further Analysis based on Agricultural R&D Datasets

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of providing analysis following a broader research agenda related to S&T policy. ASTI will also

engage with S&T policy researchers to stimulate activities within the third area, but it is not

anticipated that ASTI will conduct such research itself.

ASTI will enhance the dissemination and use of its outputs at national, regional, and

international levels. This will include presentations, dialogues with stakeholders, enhancements

of ASTI’s website and blog, and other communication activities. Reaching out to national

policymakers and R&D managers—one of ASTI’s most difficult communication challenges to

date—will receive greater emphasis. ASTI will also collaborate more closely with organizations

involved in advocating the importance of agricultural R&D to economic development and

poverty reduction. These activities will also promote awareness of ASTI and its reputation as an

authoritative source of information on the structure and funding of agricultural R&D in the

developing world.

ASTI will initiate a number of capacity building activities to improve the use and understanding

of ASTI datasets as an information and analysis tool, specifically at the country level and

including

establishing and maintaining a clear set of standards and definitions to be shared with

national and regional partners and to be published online via ASTI’s Toolkit (Beintema and

Stads 2011), which will be revised when needed;

working with national partners to conduct in-depth analyses of underlying trends and

issues related to agricultural R&D capacity and investments, as well as the institutional

structures and functioning of agricultural R&D systems; and

providing national partners with the tools needed to establish long-term sustainable

systems for agricultural S&T data collection and analysis.

Since its establishment in 2001, ASTI has mainly focused on the collection of quantitative and

qualitative information on investments, human resource capacity, and institutional

developments in agricultural R&D. ASTI began to develop its remaining three objectives in

2010.

OPERATIONAL MODEL

Objective 4. Building Capacity for Data Collection and Analysis

Objective 3. Communicating Data Results and Analysis for Policy Formulation and Advocacy

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ASTI Data Portfolio and Collection Procedures

ASTI datasets are collected and processed using internationally accepted definitions and

statistical procedures for compiling R&D statistics developed by the Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO). This is important to ensure the comparability of ASTI’s datasets with

others. For each country in which ASTI is active, the research team typically works with the

national agricultural research institute or, in a few cases, with consultants. These national

partners coordinate the implementation of the survey round, and coauthor and co-publish the

resulting country briefs/notes and related fact sheets. To this end, three different survey forms

were developed: one for government agencies and nonprofit institutions, one for higher

education agencies, and one for the private sector. All forms have different sets of questions,

with those for government agencies and nonprofit institutions requesting the most detail. The

more important indicators are collected for a number of subsequent years, while the remaining

indicators cover one year only, mostly the year prior to the year in which the benchmark survey

is conducted (see Figure 1 for ASTI’s current data portfolio). Over the years, the list of indicators

has been amended and improved based on experiences and consultations with partners during

the various national survey rounds.

Note: New indicators have been included for future survey rounds, such as the structure of agricultural research staffing by age (see Beintema and Stads 2011).

Key ASTI Outputs and Other Communication Vehicles

ASTI’s set of outputs has increased over the years and in broad terms comprises the following:

• Publications. These include regional and global analyses of agricultural R&D investments, as

well as country reports, briefs, notes, and fact sheets that present the analysis of ASTI’s

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country-level survey rounds. In expanding the program to include an analytical component,

more reports, articles, and other types of publications are expected.

• Various datasets. These can be accessed and customized at ASTI’s website.

• ASTI’s website. The website currently provides access to ASTI’s datasets and other outputs.

In 2009, the website was redesigned and expanded to enhance functionality, dataset

presentation features, and visibility. In the future, the website will be further expanded to

include links to other S&T datasets related to agriculture and food. The website also plays a

key role in fostering cooperation and information sharing with stakeholders.

• ASTI’s blog. The blog announces new publications, events, and citations of ASTI materials.

• Brochures, flyers, posters, and other communication materials. These additional materials

have been developed to generate more awareness of ASTI’s activities and outputs. They

also include a periodic newsletter, the first issue of which will be published in 2011.

• ASTI seminars and outreach events. These events allow ASTI to present its results to a

variety of stakeholders and to the media.

Stakeholders

ASTI has a large set of stakeholders at the national, regional, and international level including

the following (see also Figure 2).

• National agricultural research agencies and policymakers in developing countries

• Regional and subregional agricultural research organizations such as the Asia–Pacific

Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI), the Association for

Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), the West and

Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD), the

Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture

Development Programme (CAADP), the New Partnership for Africa’s Development

(NEPAD), the Forum for the Americas on Agricultural Research and Technology

Development (FORAGRO), and the Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the

Near East and North Africa (AARINENA).

• Multilateral organizations such as the World Bank; InterAmerican Development Bank,

African Development Bank; Asia Development Bank; OECD; Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations (FAO); UNESCO; and other United Nations

organizations.

• Donor organizations involved in funding agricultural R&D in developing countries

• International agricultural research consortiums and forums such as the Consultative Group

on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), including its 15 International Agricultural

Research Centers, and the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR).

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ASTI’s audience has not changed significantly since its inception. Some users draw only

on a portion of ASTI’s outputs (for example, specific gender data or R&D spending totals for a

specific country or region), while others use the indicators more intensively to analyze the

institutional structure, funding, or impact of agricultural R&D in a particular country or region.

Generally, ASTI information has been used more widely by international and regional

stakeholders as opposed to national ones. When cited or used for analysis, aggregated global-

or regional-level data have usually been presented. The initiative’s primary methods of

disseminating data and information have been through its website and publications, which are

more likely to reach these types of stakeholders. In comparison, ASTI has been less successful in

reaching national-level stakeholders. One of the biggest communication challenges for the

initiative is how to enhance the relevance of its information for national policymakers and R&D

managers.

Capacity Building Mechanisms

The ASTI initiative has developed a number of capacity building mechanisms:

• ASTI’s Toolkit. Over the years the list of ASTI indicators has been amended and the

underlying definitions and data collection procedures improved based on experiences and

consultations with partners during national survey rounds. This will continue into the

future as the need arises. The Toolkit aims to make ASTI’s definitions and procedures

available to further enhance the understanding of the datasets and facilitate future

national survey rounds. The Toolkit will be an important guide in the coming years as ASTI

introduces a system of more frequent and decentralized data collection.

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• Regional technical review meetings. ASTI organized two meetings with national and

regional partners in 2010, one for West and Central Africa and one for East and Southern

Africa. The main objectives of these meetings were (a) to receive feedback from national

partners on their experiences with and involvement in ASTI’s national survey rounds, (b) to

discuss strategies on how ASTI’s outputs can be disseminated and used to better advantage

for advocacy purposes, and (c) to discuss methods for enhancing ASTI’s analytical activities

related to agricultural R&D systems at national and (sub)regional levels. It was

recommended that ASTI formalizes its country-level institutional partnerships, provide

training for the implementation of ASTI’s survey rounds, and work with the national

partners to establish guidelines for disseminating ASTI’s data results and analysis within the

countries.

Oversight

Oversight of the ASTI initiative will occur at two levels. The technical coordinating unit is hosted

by IFPRI, which provides oversight on financial and project management-related activities.

Subprojects funded at the regional level will be similarly administered by their respective

responsible organizations. Additional (nonfinancial) oversight will be given by ASTI’s Advisory

Committee, which comprises five members with S&T data collection experience and analytical

expertise. The Committee’s task is to provide guidance to the initiative’s ongoing activities and

advice on its long-term strategy in order to ensure its continuation and financial sustainability.

The Committee convenes twice per year: once a year in person and once via teleconference.

Within the CGIAR, ASTI is placed under the recently developed CGIAR Research Program 2,

Policies, Institutions, and Markets to Strengthen Food Security and Incomes for the Rural Poor,

under the subtheme 1.1 that focuses on strategic foresight and future scenarios.

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In order to fulfill its mission and objectives, ASTI will need to be transformed from an ad hoc

R&D data collection system with limited analytical activities to a system that (a) sustainably

collects and disseminates R&D data; (b) expands the geographical coverage of R&D data; and

(c) conducts further in-depth analysis on R&D issues (see Figure 3).

A more decentralized data collection, synthesis, and analytical system is desirable, ideally by

establishing a set of national and regional focal points. This will allow for closer linkages with

national stakeholders, and it will link the ASTI team with specialists at regional organizations,

other CGIAR centers, and other partner institutions. The coordination of the overall program

will remain within ASTI’s team, managed by IFPRI, to ensure that the data collected are of high

quality and follow the standards and methodologies developed by ASTI over the years. This

approach ensures that one of ASTI’s core functions—producing and disseminating comparable

cross-country data—is not compromised. Such a system will promote ownership of the datasets

by the national partners, and ultimately stimulate the use of the datasets for further advocacy

and analysis, and secure the continuity of data collection activities.

The more frequently a survey round is conducted, the easier it will become for

respondents to provide data. Ideally, fully fledged benchmark rounds will be conducted every

TRANSFORMING ASTI: PLANNED ACTIVITIES (2011–15)

Main Activity 1. Building a Sustainable R&D Data Collection and Dissemination System

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five years, with monitoring survey rounds focusing on key R&D and indicators, and perhaps a

“special-topics” section to be conducted every two years. Detailed plans on the frequency and

content of the survey rounds will be developed region by region in close collaboration with the

partners.

Since 2008, ASTI’s data collection activities and synthesis has exclusively focused on Sub-

Saharan Africa and, more recently, South Asia. Available quantitative evidence is now rapidly

falling behind for low- and middle-income countries in other regions. As a result, the most

recent year for which global R&D investment data are available is 2000. This means that an

expansion of ASTI’s geographical focus is urgently needed.

The first step is to update the current datasets to a more recent year by conducting full

benchmarking survey rounds on public agricultural research in selected ASTI countries in

Southeast Asia and the Pacific (last updated in 2002/03), Latin America and the Caribbean (last

updated in 2006), Central and West Asia and North Africa (last updated in 2001/02). After this

initial update, a system of monitoring survey rounds can be developed, involving a more formal

network of national partners as described in the previous section. Detailed implementation

plans will be developed by region in close collaboration with ASTI’s partners. ASTI will explore

the possibility of developing a series of regional reports on the state of agricultural R&D,

depending on the demand and the availability of funding.

In order to update global agricultural R&D investment data beyond the current most

recent year (2000), ASTI will incorporate available secondary R&D investment data for

developed countries with the updated ASTI datasets mentioned above. With the establishment

of monitoring survey rounds conducted at regular intervals, rolling global updates will be

feasible every two to three years. These updates will form a key input into the biennial Global

Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD), organized by GFAR and the

CGIAR.

In-depth analysis is urgently needed to improve the use, understanding, and expansion of ASTI

data and to address key science and technology policy questions faced by agricultural research

systems and donors who are supporting them. With the closure of ISNAR, this type of analysis

has been limited. With its years of experiences in quantitative and qualitative data collection

ASTI is well positioned to fill this analysis gap. What is envisioned here is analytical work that

goes beyond the common use of ASTI data that feed into agricultural growth or impact

assessment models.

Main Activity 2. Expanding the Geographical Coverage for R&D Data

Main Activity 3. Expanding Analytical Capacity

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To implement this objective, ASTI will first need to build its internal analytical capacity,

and second—following its overall network-approach—develop links with other institutions,

researchers, and initiatives at national, regional, and global levels. In collaboration with its

regional partners, ASTI will also build capacity in countries that currently lack a system of ASTI–

type data collection and analysis. This can be achieved by organizing of a series of workshops,

seminars, and conferences such as the ASTI–FARA conference. Expanding ASTI’s analytical

capacity will also enhance the relevance, use, and visibility of ASTI datasets and outputs.

ASTI will develop a research agenda focusing on issues related investment levels and

stability, human resource development, and measuring the performance of agricultural R&D. In

addition, ASTI research will also dealing with the methodological problems related to

measurement and comparisons. The agenda will be in based on the outcomes of the

discussions at the conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa’s Future. Analyzing Trends,

Challenges, and Opportunities, which ASTI is organizing with FARA in December 2011.

ASTI received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as a core allocation

from IFPRI, which will be sufficient to cover the costs of the technical office and its activities in

Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia for 2011. To implement the full scope of activities outlined in

this operational plan beyond 2011, it is estimated that additional resources of about US$9.3

million—or US$2.3 million per year—will be required, as is detailed below.

1. ASTI’s technical office, including communications and capacity building activities: US$ 2.5 million (excl. secured funding for 2011)

2. Monitoring survey and benchmarking rounds for Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: US$ 1.7 million (excl. secured funding for 2011)

3. Benchmarking and monitoring survey rounds for Latin America and the Caribbean: US$ 1.2 million

4. Benchmarking and monitoring survey rounds for Southeast Asia and the Pacific: US$ 1.1 million

5. Benchmarking and monitoring survey rounds for Central and West Asia and North Africa: US$ 1.1 million

6. Building capacity for an analytical subprogram: US$1.7 million

Funding for these activities will be sought through a series of concept notes and project

proposals, which will be prepared in close collaboration with regional partners.

ANTICIPATED FINANCIAL NEEDS (2012–15)

Annex

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OVERVIEW

Publications

ASTI has published sets of country briefs and regional synthesis reports that have been widely and frequently cited in both national and international agricultural research policy documents.

A typical ASTI publication is the country brief, which provides stakeholders interested a particular country with an overview of trends of national agricultural research agencies over time.

Country brief coverage – Asia and the Pacific (12 countries) – Latin America and the Caribbean (6 countries) – Middle East and North Africa (5 countries) – Sub-Saharan Africa (30 countries)

Regional synthesis reports have been produced on Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

ASTI has published two updates on global agricultural R&D investments.

ASTI provided inputs to a number of key international publications and initiatives, such as the World Development Report 2008; the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD); the Inter-Academic Council (IAC) report “Realizing the promise and potential of African agriculture”; and issue briefs prepared for the FAO’s expert meeting on how to feed the world in 2050.

Website

The ASTI website provides access to ASTI datasets and publications.

The website has been redesigned and expanded based on user feedback to increase user-friendliness and accessibility for stakeholders.

The interactive website allows users to – map, view, and compare agricultural S&T data from over 60 low- and middle-income countries; – download and export national, regional, and global investment and capacity time-series

datasets; – access the ASTI Website Directory, which provides links to a large and growing number of

agricultural R&D agencies worldwide; – access country web pages that provide links to all relevant ASTI publications, datasets, and other

ASTI information; and – download national, regional, and global ASTI publications.

Partnerships

ASTI has built a large network of partners at the national, regional, and international levels. Data collection, analysis, and dissemination are conducted through this network.

At the country level, partnerships have been established with primary agricultural research agencies in most countries.

At the regional level, ASTI partners with the regional associations of agricultural R&D agencies.

ANNEX—ACHIEVEMENTS DURING 2001–10

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PUBLICATIONS

1. Country-Specific Reports and Briefs

Asia and the Pacific

2007 Country Reports (3 countries)

2005–08 Country Briefs (12 countries)

Latin America and the Caribbean


2000–01 Country Reports (4 countries)

Middle East and North Africa


Sub-Saharan Africa

2010 Country Notes (30 countries)


AWARD Factsheets on Female Participation (15 countries)

2. Regional Reports


Beintema, N. M., and G. J. Stads. 2008a. Diversity in Agricultural Research Resources in the Asia-Pacific Region. Synthesis. Washington, DC: IFPRI and Bangkok, Thailand: APAARI.

________. 2008b. Agricultural R&D Capacity and Investments in the Asia–Pacific Region. Research Brief No. 11. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Beintema, N. M., and P. G. Pardey. 2001. “Recent Developments in the Conduct of Latin American Agricultural Research.” Paper prepared for the International Conference on Agricultural Science and Technology, Beijing, November 7–9.

Roseboom, J., M. W. J. Cremers, and B. Lauckner. 2001. Agricultural R&D in the Caribbean: An Institutional and Statistical Profile. The Hague: International Service for National Agricultural Research.

Stads, G. J., and N. M. Beintema. 2009. Public Agricultural Research in Latin America and the Caribbean: Investment and Capacity Trends. ASTI Synthesis Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute and Inter-American Development Bank.

Stads, G. J., F. Hartwich, D. Rodríguez, and F. Enciso. 2008. Agricultural R&D in Central America Policy, Investments, and Institutional Profile. ASTI Regional Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute and Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Beintema, N. M., and F. Di Marcantonio. 2009. Women’s Participation in Agricultural Research and Higher Education: Key Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC, and Nairobi: IFPRI and Gender and Diversity Program.

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________. 2010. Female Participation in African Agricultural Research and Higher Education: New Insights. Synthesis of the ASTI–Award Benchmarking Survey on Gender-Disaggregated Capacity Indicators. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 957. Washington, DC: IFPRI and AWARD.

Stads, G. J., and N. M. Beintema. 2006. Women Scientists in Sub-Saharan African Agricultural R&D. Brief prepared for the USAID meeting on "Women in Science: Meeting the Challenge. Lessons for Agricultural Sciences in Africa", Washington, DC, June 21.

Beintema, N. M. and G. J. Stads. 2004a. Agricultural R&D in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Era of Stagnation. ASTI Background Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

________. 2004b. Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Research: Recent Investment Trends. Outlook on Agriculture 33 (4): 239–246.

________. 2004c. Investing in Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Research: Recent Trends. 2020 African Conference Brief 8. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

3. Global and Other Publications

Beintema, N. M. 2006a. Participation of Female Agricultural Scientists in Developing Countries. Brief prepared for the meeting, “Women in Science: Meeting the Challenge,” an adjunct to the CGIAR Annual General Meeting, Washington, DC, December 4.

________. 2006b. The Agricultural Science Technology Indicators (ASTI) Initiative: Methods and Trends. In Book of Abstracts: 9th International Conference on Science & Technology Indicators. Leuven: Catholic University Leuven.

Beintema, N. M., and H. Elliott. 2009. Setting Meaningful Investment Targets in Agricultural Research and Development: Challenges, Opportunities, and Fiscal Realities. Paper prepared for the Expert Meeting, “How to Feed the World in 2050,” held June 24–26 at the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

Beintema, N. M., and G. J. Stads. 2008. Measuring Agricultural Research Investments: A Revised Global Picture. ASTI Background Note. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

________. 2010. Public Agricultural R&D Investments and Capacities in Developing Countries: Recent Evidence for 2000 and beyond. Note prepared for GCARD 2010.

Beintema, N. M., A. Koc, P. Anandajayasekeram, A. Isinika, F. Kimmins, W. Negatu, D. Osgood, C. Pray, M. Rivera-Ferre, V. Santhakumar, and H. Waibel. 2008. Agricultural Knowledge, Science, and Technology: Investment and Economic Returns. Chapter 8 in International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) Global Report. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Echeverría, R. G., and N. M. Beintema. 2009. Mobilizing Financial Resources for Agricultural Research in Developing Countries: Trends and Mechanisms. GFAR Briefing Paper. Rome: The Global Forum on Agricultural Research.

Montpellier Panel. 2010. Africa and Europe: Partnerships for agricultural development. London: Imperial College.

NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa’s Development, Office of Science and Technology). 2006. Africa’s Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action. Pretoria.

NEPAD–CAADP (New Partnership for Africa’s Development—Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme). 2010. Pillar 4: Agricultural research. <http://www.nepad-caadp.net/pillar-4.php> (accessed November 2010).

Pardey, P. G., and N. M. Beintema. 2001a. Slow Magic: Agricultural R&D a Century after Mendel. IFPRI Food Policy Report. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

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________. 2001b. “Losing Ground? What’s Happened with Agricultural Research Regarding Less Developed Countries.” Background paper for UNDP’s Human Development Report 2001. Washington, DC IFPRI.

Pardey, P. G., J. M. Alston, and N. M. Beintema. 2006. Agricultural R&D Spending at a Critical Crossroads. Farm Policy Journal 3 (1): 1–9.

Pardey, P. G., N. M. Beintema, S. Dehmer, and S. Wood. 2006. Agricultural Research: A Growing global divide? IFPRI Food Policy Report. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

Roseboom, J., N. M. Beintema, and S. Mitra. 2003. “Building Impact-Oriented R&D Institutions.” Background paper to the Inter-Academy Council (IAC) Panel on S&T Strategies for Improving Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in Africa.

4. Partnerships

International

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Bank


Regional

Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI)

National

Bangladesh – Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) India – Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) Indonesia – Indonesia Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) Laos – National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) Malaysia – Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute (MARDI) Nepal – Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) Pakistan – Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) Papua New Guinea – National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Philippines – Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry & Natural Resources Research & Development

(PCARRD) Sri Lanka – Sri Lankan Council for Agricultural Research Policy (CARP) Vietnam – Department of Science, Technology and Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)

Latin American and Caribbean

Regional

Forum for the Americas on Agricultural Research and Technology Development (FORAGRO) Inter-American Development Bank

National

Argentina – Instituto Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria (INTA) Brazil – Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)

–20–

Central America – Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) Chile – Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) Dominican Republic – Instituto Dominicano de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IDIAF) Mexico – Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Uruguay – Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA)

Middle East and North Africa

Regional

Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East and North Africa (AARINENA)

National

Iran – Agricultural Extension, Education and Research Organization (AEERO) Jordan – National Center for Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer (NCARTT) Morocco – National Agronomic Research Institute (INRA) Syria – General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) Tunisia – Agricultural Research and Higher-Education Institute (IRESA)

Sub-Saharan Africa

Regional

Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources (FANR), Directorate of the Southern African Development

Community (SADC) Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD)

National

Benin – Institut National de Recherche Agricole du Bénin (INRAB) Botswana – Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) Burkina Faso – Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Burundi – Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi (ISABU) Cameroon – Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD) Congo (Republic of) – Directorat General de Recherche Scientifique et Technique (DGRST) Côte D'Ivoire – Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) Ethiopia – Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Eritrea – National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Gabon – Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières (IRAF) Gambia – National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Ghana – Science and Technology Policy Research Institute (STEPRI) Guinea – Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG) Kenya – Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Madagascar – Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA) Malawi – Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS) Mali – Institut d'Économie Rurale (IER) Mauritania – Centre National d’Élevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (CNERV) Mauritius – Food and Agricultural Research Council (FARC) Mozambique – Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM) Niger – Institut de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger (INRAN)

–21–

Nigeria – Farm and Infrastructure Foundation (FIF) and the Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN)

Rwanda – Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR) Senegal – Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Sierra Leone – Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) South Africa – University of Pretoria, Department of Agricultural Economic, Extension and Rural Development (UOP) and Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Tanzania – Department of Research and Development (DRD) Togo – Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA) Uganda – National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) Zambia – University of Zambia

–22–

ASTI indicators and geographical/time coverage as of October 2010

Indicator Regional/period coverage Specific details

Professional research staff

- SSA: 1971–2008

- APC: 1981–91to 2002–03

- LAC: 1971–1996 and 2004–06

- WANA: 1991–96 to 2001–03

- By degree level (PhD, MSc, and BSc)

- Collected for multiple years

- Government, nonprofit, higher education, and private agencies

Professional female research staff

- SSA: 2000–01 and 2008

- APC: 2002–03

- LAC: 2006

- WANA: 2001–03

- By degree level (PhD, MSc, and BSc)

- Numbers (not by degree level data available) for 14 SSA (1991) and 16 LAC (1996)

- Government, nonprofit, and higher education agencies

Professional research staff by age group

- SSA: 2007–08 - For 15 countries only; conducted as part of a special study for the African Women for Agricultural Research (AWARD) scholarship program

Research focus by major subsectors

- SSA: 2000–01 and 2008

- APC: 2002–03

- LAC: 1996 and 2006

- WANA: 2001–03

- Includes crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries, postharvest, natural resources, socioeconomics


Research focus by crop and livestock items

- SSA: 2000–01 and 2008

- APC: 2002–03

- LAC: 1996 and 2006

- WANA: 2001–03

- Includes ± 20crops items, ± 6 livestock items, and ± 6 other items

- Listed crops differ by region


Thematic research focus

- SSA: 2000–01 and 2008

- APC: 2002–03

- LAC: 1996

- WANA: 2001–03

- Include ± 4 crops themes, ± 5 livestock themes, and ± 7 other themes

- Themes are currently being adjusted to include emerging themes, such as climate change, bioenergy, biotechnology


Expenditures - SSA: 1971–2008

- APC: 1981–91 to 2002–03

- LAC: 1971– 96 to 2004–06

- WANA: 1991–96 to 2001–03

- Categorized as salaries, operating costs, and capital investments

- Government and nonprofit agencies

Funding sources - SSA: 1991; 2000–01 and 2008

- APC: 1996 to 2002–03

- LAC: 1996 and 2004–06

- WANA: 2001–03

- Government, (multilateral and bilateral) donors, producers/marketing boards, public/private enterprises, own income, other

- Sources differ by region and by country

- For some countries multiple years available

- Government and nonprofit

Technical support staff

- SSA: 2001–08 - By degree level (PhD, MSc, and BSc)

- By gender

Support staff - SSA: 1991–2008

- APC: 1991–96 to 2002–03

- LAC: 1991–96 and 2004–06

- WANA: 1996 to 2001–03

- By technical, administrative, and other support

- Government, nonprofit, and higher education agencies

Source: Beintema and Stads (2011). Notes: Country coverage from 2001–10 includes 34 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, 11 Asia–Pacific countries (APC), 15

Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries, and 6 West Asian and North African (WANA) countries. Periodic coverage applies for most, but not all, countries

Copyright © 2011 International Food Policy Research Institute. Sections of this report may be reproduced without the express

permission of, but with acknowledgement to IFPRI. For permission to republish, contact [email protected].

This Operational Plan has been prepared as an output for the ASTI initiative and has not been peer reviewed.

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Documents

ASTI’s Operational Plan, 2011 2015 - CGIAR · 2017-12-19 · March 2011 ASTI’s Operational Plan, 2011–2015 For more information: Nienke Beintema, head ASTI, IFPRI ([email protected])