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ASSURANCE
You Can’t Afford to Make a Mistake
• Every year people die in confined spaces.
• It doesn’t have to happen.
• Identify hazards.
• Establish safe entry procedures.
ASSURANCE
What is a confined space?
• Limited or restricted means of entry or exit.
• Unfavorable natural ventilation.
• Not designed for continuous human occupancy.
ASSURANCE
Reasons for Entering a Confined Space
• Perform a necessary function.
• New construction.
• Unauthorized entry.
• Emergency Rescue.
ASSURANCE
What are the hazards?
• Flammable atmospheres.
• Toxic atmospheres.
• Irritant (Corrosive) atmospheres.
• Asphyxiating atmospheres.
• General safety hazards.
• Physical hazards.
ASSURANCE
Flammable Atmospheres
• A concentration of a chemical in excess of 10 percent of its lower explosive limit, flammable, or combustible limit is considered hazardous.
ASSURANCE
Toxic Atmospheres
• Any chemical exposure in excess of its exposure limit is considered hazardous.
ASSURANCE
Irritant (Corrosive) Atmospheres
• Primary irritants exert no systemic toxic effects (effects the entire body).
• Secondary irritant is one that may produce systemic toxic effects in addition to surface irritation.
ASSURANCE
Asphyxiating Atmospheres
OXYGENLEVEL
SYMPTOMS
17% Increased breathing volume and acceleratedheartbeat.
14-16% Increased breathing volume, accelerated heartbeat,very poor muscular coordination, rapid fatigue, andintermittent repiration.
6-10% Nausea, vomiting, inability to perform, andunconsciousness.
Less than6%
Spasmatic breathing, convulsive movements, anddeath in minutes.
ASSURANCE
Asphyxiating Atmospheres
• The normal atmosphere is composed approximately of 20.9% oxygen, 78.1% nitrogen, and 1% argon with small amounts of various other gases.
• Reduction of oxygen in a confined space may be the result of either consumption or displacement.
ASSURANCE
How can confined space hazards by controlled?
• Identify all confined spaces.
• Identify existing and potential hazard(s) of each confined space.
• Develop and implement a written Confined Space Entry Program.
• Audit your program.
ASSURANCE
A written Confined Space Entry Program
• A permit form.
• A method for preventing unauthorized entry.
• Identification and evaluation of hazards.
• Specs for acceptable entry.
• Isolation of space (LOTO).
ASSURANCE
Confined Space Entry Program….
• Elimination or control of atmospheric hazards.
• Protection against external hazards.
• Keeping conditions in the space acceptable throughout the entry.
• Rescue procedures.
• Employee training.
ASSURANCE
Confined Space Entry Program….
• Necessary equipment for entry.
• Atmospheric testing of the space.
• Designation of and duties of: entrants, attendants, entry supervisor, and atmospheric testers.
• Coordination of entries involving more than one employer.
ASSURANCE
Confined Space Entry Program….
• Informing contractors of the presence of confined spaces, their hazards, and your program for controlling the hazards.
ASSURANCE
Duties of the Entrant
• Know hazards.
• Know equipment.
• Maintain communication with attendant.
• Alert attendant of changes.
• Exit!
ASSURANCE
Duties of Attendant
• Know hazards, behavioral effects.
• Maintain counts and remain outside.
• Communicate and evacuate if necessary.
• Monitor inside and out.
• Summon rescue/perform non-entry rescue.
ASSURANCE
Duties of Entry Supervisor
• Know the hazards.
• Verify entry permit is complete and conditions acceptable (before sign off).
• Terminate work if not acceptable.
• Verify rescue services.
• Monitor area.
ASSURANCE
The Permit Form
• Written checklist of space and hazards.
• Completed by entry supervisor.
• Posted.
• Record of entry, should be kept for at least one year.
ASSURANCE
Rescue Plan
• Determine methods of rescue for all identified spaces and establish written procedures.
• If outside agency - provide information and provide access.
ASSURANCE
Training
• Train all employees on hazard awareness.
• Additional training for employees responsible for supervising, planning, entering, or participating in rescue operations.
• Document and offer annual refresher.
ASSURANCE
Training Content
• Explanation of hazards (specific and general).
• PPE and safety equipment.
• Explanation of permit system and other requirements of entry.
• Emergency response procedures.
• Team responsibilities.
ASSURANCE
Training Content
• Air contaminants & symptoms of overexposure.
• Operation of testing & communication equipment.
• Rescue drills and equipment.
• Evaluation of training.
ASSURANCE
Atmospheric testing
• Before entry.
• Periodically or continuously as long as occupied.
• Retest after vacated.
• Record results on permit.
ASSURANCE
TO DO LIST
• Identify Confined Spaces
• Evaluate Space Hazards
• Inform Employees
• Develop Written Program
• Design a Permit Form