ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY mVolume 17 Number 2 1990

A LITE BURXIXG BEYOLUTIONThe inlluences of the Industrial Revolution areapparent in many asp€cls ol the archaeologyof the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Indus-tries like iron smelting and cotton spinning weresw€pt along early by the 'Revolution', but itsinlluences on others took longer and cameabout in diflerenl wavs. The production of lirnewas one aclivity slow to change, remaining formost ol the eighteenth and n neteenth cen-turies mainly a small'scale business, with littletechnical innovation. However, a process indus,trialisation did occur Recent work at oneimporlant hme producrng s,te In lhe Penninesprovides a microcosm ol developments whichatlected the industry in the late nineteenth andearv twentielh centuries.In May and June 1989 the sile ol the LangclifteUmeslone Ouarry and kilns, near Settle inNorth Yorkshire, was the subiect of an archaeo-logical suNey in advance of pro@sds todevelop the site as a tourist attraction. Thesurvey was carried out by the LancasterUniversity Archaeological Unil on behalf of theRibblesdale Trust, according to a briel outlinedby Robert White of the Yorkshire Dales NallonalPark. The aims of the survey were to provide adetailed inventory and survey ol remains on thesite, and lo construct a preliminary account olits development using physical, documentaryand oral evidence.lhe use of lime grew rapidly during theInduskial Revolulion. 11 was lhe major ingre-dient of mortar lor building, il was used widelyas a lenilizer, and it had a crucial role as a fluxin iron production. Olher uses were in tanntng.bleaching, disinfeclion, glass manulaclure andpaper making. Fhere is linb published work toestablish the hislorical developmenl ol trmeburning, either in the Pennines or nationally.However Arthu Raistrick, in Old YorkshireDales, suggested that the lime industry of theregion rellected general trends For the medie,val period he identified the existence oftemporary kilns lor building, and scattered andintermittently op€rated kilns lor agricultural uselmprovements in agriculture in lhe sixteenth toeighleenth cenluries led to expansion ot thelime industry However, Raistrick suggestedthat the scallered paltern of lime burning in theDales remained much lhe same into thenineteenth century. wrth the imoortant addttionof clusters ot 'selling' kilns where limestonewas adjacent to coal suppliesIn the Senle area. there seems lo have been awell establashed lime industry by the midnrneleenlh century, producing lime mainly lor

local consumption. But Revolutionary' changescame as an rmmedrale consequence oi theconstruction ol the Seltle and Carlisle Railway,whrch connected lhe area with large externalmarkets. The Langcliffe quarries and works,three miles north of Settle next lo the newlyconstructed southern section of the ra lway (SD824 663) we'e one prod"ct of l1e expansro'rThe Langcllffe compex cons sted oi two neigh-bouring but independent limeworks, both otwhrcl^ began i. '372-3. tra,lsponr.rg a gequantrties of qlcklme lo Bradiord and Shef-lield on the new railway The larger of the twowas the Craven Lime Company, lormed by thelong'standing partnership ol John Clark andMichael Wilson, lhe smaller was lhe companyof Thomas Murgalroyd.Murgatroyd buill a traditionally designed, ifmassively scaled, set ot three draw krlns lorburning lhe lime. However the CravenCompany decrded on an even more rassive

Hotfman type kiln which today is a ScheduledAncient Monumenl The kilns survive substan-tially intact together with the base ol a later,verlical sleel hiln and assocraled quaflres.transporl systems and ancillary buildings. TheMurgatroyd works had closed by 1907 but theCraven works were in production until 1939.Alter the war the site passed throLrgh severalownerships belore becoming a rubbish dump.An aerial view (below) shows that substantialparts oi the layout and slructures ot bothlirneworks survive. On lhe Craven site the latestphases ol quarrying. above and left of thereiuse lrp Wthin these areas and leading tolhe processrng area can be traced some ol thesrte s tramway network This Included weighingmachrnes a lunnel under one ol lhe spoilheaps. and al leasl two Inclined planes-{hemost promrnenl surv|vrng above the ovalHotfman krln complele wrth drurr houstngBetween the quarries and the mainline railway

Aerial view ol lh6 Langclille limswo*s Photo: Rob6n WhiIE, fo*shi.e Dales Nanonat F,E*

\*'{ r-'

larnrv ol kiln types strll In use loday Vertrcal

krlns seem lo have been a steel clad develop-

menl ol the draw kiln wth lhe essenlEl

drflerence lhal luel was ted dlrectly Inlo lne

burnrng zone There were many variants lhe

Dielzch ktln for example was developed lor

cement manulaclure In 1884 and later adapled

for lrme. and others included the Aalb'i.

Smidth and Spencer kilns The exacl mak( -the Craven example is not known, although

Spencer ktlns were In use nearby lls dale ol

conslruclron is also unknown although it was

clearly in use by 1907

The Langclitle site is imporlanl nol lusl

becaLtse ol lhe scheduled Hotlman kiln The

draw'kiln and steelkrln types illuslrate stages

ol technologtcal developmenl ln lhe late nine-

leenth cenlury, when importanl advances were

chretly of lorelgn ongln Wth lts ttansporl

syslem and many anclllary bulldings the slte

conslituies a valuable document ol lhe mosl

revolulionary stage in lhe developmenl ol lne

lime Industry as well as ol lhe Industrral hlstory

ol lhe Yorkshrre DalesThe investigatron ol the site will conlinue, and

publication ol lhe survey and oral hrstory

research is planned The aulhors wrll be

gralelul for inlormalion aboul comparaoE or

conkasting sites elsewhere and in parlcular

about other Hollman limekilns No methodEal

survey of Hoflman ktlns has yel been altemp-

led, bLrt others are known to sLlMVe at Inglelon

in Norlh Yorkshtre. Llanymynech in Powys. and

Minera in Clwyd Two kilns sutuNe closer Io

therr technological origins as pan ol a mLrseum

projecl al Witlen in the Ruhr Three examples

now demoltshed stood near Buxlon in Der

byshtre and lwo mole near Eelchworth In

Surrey Communications should be addresseo

lo Ntchael Trueman al lhe Lancasler unNersily

Archaeological Unit, Bailrigg Lancasler, LA1

4YB Michael rrueman

Lancastet University Archaeological Unit

HELP!TO ABSTBACT OB NOI TO ABSTRACT

The AIA Abstractlng Service has now been

operating lor several years lls purpose rs to

keep members inlormed of articles on industrial

archaeology and allied subjecls which appear

both in local society publicatrcns and in the

national and lechnical press. The abslracls

appear at the back of each issue of Industnal

Archaeology Review The scheme is lhal

abslracls be senl in on a regular basis by a

network ol conlributors SF€clal lorms are

issued and litlle work is involved Unlortunately

lne number ol volunleers parllclpa|ng is

currenlly very small. and thls is reflectecj rn the

lairly narrow range ol publlcalions whlch are

normally quoled New volunleers are thefelore

urgently needed who are willing to keep a

walching brEl on Journals to which they may

akeady subscribe or which they can reaolly

see Undertaken properly this could be an

exlremely valuable service summansrng some

ol the mynad arlicles which are relevanl lo

induslrial archaeology but which even the mosl

dedrcaleci could not possibly keep ab(east ol

alone Supplies ol lorms and olher detalls are

available trom John Powell, The Library, lron

bndge Gorge Museum lronbridge TelJord

Shropsh re, TF8 7AW (095245 2751) lt more

volunteers do nol come torward, il may be

concluded there is not sutJicient Inlerest lo

lustity conlinurng.

lnside the Hotfman kih al tangclifie

the Starnlorlh Srdrngs provided lhe knk lhal

broLrght coal In and look lime and llmeslone

away The butldings here are now lhe County

Councrl reluse depol, but old photograpns ano

Ordnance Survey maps Indlcale lhal some

were workshops and otlrces dallng lrom

several phases ol operalion A slone c(rsher

was also Probably used In lhrs area

Thomas Murgalroyd s main quarry lay at lhe lar

lett ol the photograph with, possrbly a second

quarry lo the lett oJ the kiln bank The large

revelmenl wall ol the kllns and thetr charging

holes can be made out JUsl above the railway,

wrlh a line clearly shown leadlng down lrom lls

base An rnclined plane raised coal lrom the

srdings lo the cnarglng ramps

The remarns ol lhe three kiln lypes useo al

Langclille are vrsually lmpressrve as well as

represenlrng dlsllnci slages In lirnekln lechno

logy rn the Industrlalisalon phase ol lhe lrade'lhe lhree large draw krlns ol the f.4llrgatroyd

wofks represenl the earliest slage ol klln

technoogy on lhe srle Thls lype ol krln

appears lo have developed In lhe early lo mlo

erghleenlh cenlury as a rellnement ol lhe

pfimlrve flare krln Burnlng was a conllnuous

process wrlh llmeslone and coal berng leo Ln

alternatrng layers lrom lhe lop ol lhe krh Inlo

an Inverled cone A burnlng zone was

marnlarned al lhe approxrmale cenlre ol lhe krln

and burnl hme was cxlraoled kom lhe draw

hole al rts baseThe operalton ol lhe Hotlman krln was by

contrasl a honzontal process Llrneslone was

packed Inlo a conllnuous lunnel usually In lwo

separale slacks al opposrle ends of lhe krln

Coal was led kom lhe lop lhroLlgh a mullrtude

ol leeder holes Draughl was provded Dy a

ch mney lhrough a nelwork ol llues A irre was

marnlarned In bolh hmeslone slacks the

Hotlman kiln In plan, ftom A B Seatle Limeslone

and ds Products. 1935

Pholo: Luau

advancement o{ which was controlled by

openrng and shLltling the tlLles and varyrng lhe

quantry ol coal fed lrom above Fresh llme_

stone was contlnually packed ahead ol the

'burning zone and lime exlracted frorn behlnd

it This type ol kiln was capable ol producrng

large quanlities ol lime could be repalred

wrthoul halting produclron and was repuled to

produce a very PUre lmeThe circular lorm ol the kiln was patenled by

Ffiedrich Hoflman in 1858 for brick makrng'

N,4any rmprovemenls lollowed and lhe irsl use

lor lime bLrrnrng presumably dates to thls

period Hollman himsell. in 1870, patenled a

nearly reclangular verslon lhat became the

more usual design The Langclille Holtrnan klln

whrch dates lrom only three years atler the

second palenl. rs an unLlsually large example

with a tunnel iusl under 800 leet lonq

The second kiln al the Craven Works was ol a

A verlical sleel kiln, Itom A B Seade. Limeslone a'd

e lNtsOS al lsdureH qorellsel proisralpueLl3 suapreo ale^rnols 0z sr ssalppeaql ralu^ oo spuetiaaM 6uD oM ainlnlrol srarieeds ro scrdol rol suousa66ns

^ue ro

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lecrlceld Ale ut olnquluoc

IryHCA NAuIdot :qoqd

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^luo uec eM lredaj

JO Alels jood e ur ele pe^e^lns solnpnlls

Puec ePpqcoS eqt L!o4'lelsoqauey{ sllur lueue lseplo eql'sllu.i uouoc s,Ipeuue) pup leuuoCcy\l pue s,IBrny\ :paruasuog spocuv

coNSEnvlrrol| altD Tr{E H20w1{EisAriong lhe considerable assels which lheirnew share-holders can now conlemolate, the'ten waler companies ol England and Wales'have an archilectural legacy which ancludes

some ol the oulstanding sleam engine housesin lhe \,!orld, as well as water tollers and damsof pollerful and ingenious design. The mulliplebeam engine palaces of lhe mid-nineleenthcentury are among the linest producls of acolleclive mind awash w[h the architecturalstyles ol the pasl, burlt by a nation newly

conscious of its civic dignily and nationalweallh. The great halls built lo house thelowenng weddrng cake lflple expansionengines Jrom the 1890s are swagged anddecorated with typical Edwardaan pomposity.

Through highlands lrom Wales to Scotland lhenew industrial conurbalions appropriated val'leys to create reservoirs wilh a Wagnerian eye,whilsl across lowland Brilain waler towefsmushroomed in stvles hom the Greek revival tolhe Arts and CratlsThese buildings constitute the principal archr-

lectural lorms ol lhe waler induslrv, an uncata-logued expresgon ol lhe urbanisalion ol Vic-

lorian Britain. In a book planned lor later thisyear, SAVE Britain s Heritage are hopang tomake bolh the general public and the new

Gothic Horror al Green Lane pumping station,Hanlngay Photo: J.hes Do@l

companres appreciate its beauty and impor-lance, and to help lhe best pans lo survive lhe.nosl draslrc changes srnce lhe extinction ollhe greal sleam engrnes wilh lhe comtng ol lhecompacl eleclnc pumpThe record ol conservalion in lhe waler Industry

has been generally good, rnany ol lhe ltneslengrne houses becomrng museums or berng

run nlacl by volunlary lrusls The mosl glanng

exceplon rs lhe lnesl ol lhem all however.

Abbey ldrls n easl London whch conlinues lolangursh In Hamme, Horror splendour under a

verl o1 drrl The new sludy wrll arm lo high[ghllhose burdrngs mosl In need ol the kind otcare lhat l'ras been Vovidtd by lhc best

, erdlple5 ul at lv, ln-.-qralt'n. such as alt Flyhope Enqhlon anrj f . w

Equally I \i/rll lry lar produce a coherenl prclure

ol lhe exlenl and drversrty ol lhe Induslry'S

archilectural legacy, so thal the developmenlwhich is bound to lollow privalisalion does notobliterate slructures whose value mav be

missed il only viewed.on a balance sheet. The

old water authorities, despite some lapses, like

lhe demolition of Elkesley in Notlinghamshire,were usually sympalhetic, valuing amenity andmaintaining buildings to a high slandard. Thepressures on the new companies, both lromcustomers lretting aboul clean tap waler andkom profit-anxious stockholders, will be quile

ditlerenl, so they should at the very least beproperly informed as to the importance of therr

buildings and the value we pul on them.

Such inlormalion is an important supplement tolhe statutorv controls on develoomenl. since as

Oliver Pearcy and Peler White have recentlyoointed out in Conservation News, ...nenherscheduled monuments or list€d bualdingcont.ols provide a totally satisfactory basistor conirolling works to historic plant'. Theposilaon ol buildings like waler tov!€rs whichmay, through lheir singularity of tunction, beviewed as planl, is notoriously uncertain, and it

is a relief that English Heritage are sympathetlclo lhe oolential oroblem.Faced by a building no longer in use, what

should lhe new comoanies do? Full preseNa-

tion in operating condition is obviously the ideal

solution, and lor the likes ol Abbey Mills, everyetlort must be made by public and p vate

groups towards this end. Allematively, plant

can be mothballed, as at Maply Brook, Chorleywhile the burlding conlinues to house replace-ment electric pumps. New uses have beenlound which provrde lor reparr and main_

tenance costs, and these spacior-rs and well-hl

b{]ildings can otten be adapted, lo. instance asoachestral rehearsal rooms, or even Jor l'ing.In lhe case of demolition, lull records have looe made. lhough rt rs hoped lhal by lecognis-ing lhe importance of the industry's collectionlosses may be minimised The trrst step musl

be lo carry out a comprehensve slocklaktng,since preliminary research seems to show lhatthere ts nowhere a complele lisl of the hrstonc

buildings ol the waler industry. The author olthe SAVE study is appealing lor inlormahon,particularly about those buildings most likely tob€ overlooked and which local knowledgemight pick up, and lor conlact with people

akeady recording and prolecling struclureslinked to the supply ol water and the removal olsewage. SAVE has an excellenl record olraising awareness within lhe public, the medra

and private organisations ol the need lorconservation, and this is a good opportunity lorindustrial archaeology lo advance rts under-

valued case lor proleclion and preservation.

Please write to James Douel, 16 CrowndaleRoad, Knowle, Bristol BS4 2DZ (0272 7763161

IHE CAA DI CANDI LEGTURE I9A9'Industrial Archaeology: presenl ptoblems andfuture directions' was the theme chosen bv DrNeil Cossons. Drreclor of the Science Museum,when he addressed a minuscule audience at

the University of Birmingham in December.Dr Cossons began by remembering the begin-nings ol industrial archaeology under lhe aeg|sol this very university in the mid 1950s, whenMichael Rix and others began to examine anddetine industrial monumenls in the unlovedposl war landscapes ol the M/est midlands. The

Council lor British Archaeology s Industrial

Archaeology Research Committee had been apowerful intluence since 1959, and lhe hdus-lrial Monumenls Survey which it tathered had,

lhrough ils thematic and county sutueys, beenol inestimable value in identityrng key siles andsecuring therr proleclonIndustrial Archaeologv had nol, however,

secured .ecognil|on in itself, and still had toachieve lhree things belore il can be sarcl lohave come of age First. more practiloners areneeded lo develop the pa(icular skills requifedand 10 lormahse sludies ol induslrial land'scapes The academic crilical mass has notyet been reached, and Industrial archaeologiststrained by postgraduale studies need to lrnd

employers Second, there are slill not enoughresources lo lackle the demands ol Induslnalarchaeology, it mrssed oul on the lunding oJ

rescue archaeologj/ in the 1960s, and has

never allracled lhe resources to develop aorooer record on lhe lines ol lhe HisloncAmerican Burldings Survey and Historrc Ameri'can E,]grneel|ng Becord In the Unrted SlalesThird. attrludes lo induslialisalion have nolbeen changed ll rs nol yel possible lo have

lhe processes which normally presetue monu'menls ol lhe dislanl past applied to monu-menls ol lhe induslrial age. Instead industrialarchaeology accepls the drmrnrshrng processes

ol adaptive re-use. even lor monumenls olundoubted world signilicance. lf lhe basicproblem rs lanancial stringency. pehaps there

should b€ some de-accessioning ol early

guardianship sites. But to take on, lor example,St Pancras would mean lhe loss ol a lot ol long

bafiows in Wiltshire. Old sites in rural areas are

cheap lo run, and lhe archaeological establlsh-ment is nol equrpped lo deal with lhe scale olmonuments later than the post-medieval.

Neil Cossons went on to outline three initiatives

which could tackle these shortcomtngs ll ls

Iame lo accept that a legitimale breed olandustrial archaeologists does exrsl, and ensurelhal these rare beings can lrain olhers This

iniliative will only be successlul if there are

places to employ industrial archaeologists, andvarious institutions-English Heritage, theScience N,4useum, lronbridge, the Black CountryMuseum-should make an act ol laith and usesuch people to further their work Then

academic induslrial archaeology needs someacademic homes to house and develop thebreed: in one or lwo university deparlmenls olarchaeology, which currently oversupply theearlier period skills but produce no-one tolurther industnal archaeology The lronbridgeInstitute, lounded on industrial hrstory and apreservation ethic, he said, needs a slrongerarchaeolog|cal rootFinally English Hefilage needs a new methodol guardranshrp. Involvrng local enlhusiasm.managemenl agreemenls, and a parlnership ln

lunding. About lorty important industnalmonu-menls are curently in lhe care ol enthustastgroups, bul what happens when the enlhu'srasls can no longer manage? or cossonsspoke ol Oueen Slreet Mill, the lasl steam'driven textile mill in Brilarn, where lhe lradilionallorm ol guardianshrp is a non-starler becauselhe process of p€rsuasion is too drtlicull, andwhere the real ddemma is the lack ol localenlhusrasls As lhe old skrlls de out il is a

dilemma wh|ch mrght be assisled by a sort olNational Trust lor Induslrial Archaeology, pro-

viding expertise, management and sile cuslo_

dians on a regional rather than a site basis. By

these lhree developmenls the tlvo branches olindustrial archaeology-the recordrng of period

archaeology and lhe preservalion ol rts srg'

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COURSE FISHINGThe lronbridge Inst[ute s courses in industrialarchaeology and hentage management havenow been established for several years. Theseare taken by students full-time over one year,pan.lime over two. or on a modular basis overlour years. However, tor the tirst time this year,

lhe Institute is making it possible lor people toangle lor just the elements they are particularlyInleresled in, and throw the rest back For leesol around 1700 to e1000, depending on themodule. sludents can join in with olherpanrcapants In the Inslitute's main poslgradualeprogrammes. The couFes run for about threeweeks each. They are on the evolution ofmodern Induslrial society and its archaeology(which slaned on 15 January), analysing his-loric buildings and landscapes (staning 1

Octobe0, the rnanagement of heritageresources (siarting 8 Octobe4, the archaeologyot the indlstrial revolution and marketing theheritage (both starting 12 Novembe0.IA MEETS IFA

Ths years conlerence ol the Institute ol FieldArchaeolog sts in Bfmingham, on 235 Apri1990 will include a substantial sesson onIndustria Archaeology for the first time A wtroleday sessron rs berng given over to Induskralarchaeology on 24 Apnl, in parallel with othersessions. The main themes will be the ditferences between industrial archaeology andlraditiona archaeological disciplines new fieldsol enqurry in the subject, and the natlre otinduslrial archaeology as a period studySeparate groups ol papers during the day willbe on industrial archaeological sites and theirrelalion to surounding landscapes, the scopeot induslfial archaeology, and industrialarchaeology as a resource. Speakers willinclude [.larilyn Palmer, Kate Clarke, StephenHughes. Adam Sharp, Jonathan Drake, MarkWatson and David Higgins. The keynote io thesession wll be given by Neil Cossons, who is

also gving a keynote address to the IFA

conlerence as a \4hole Other sessions duringthe conference will incude the subjects otrecord n9 standing build ngs, site evaluation.presenling the past, datlng rnethods andscentific archaeology Details are availablelrom the Assistant Secretary, InstitLrte ol FieldArchaeologrsls l\,4inera s Eng neering Building,Unrversily of B rmingham PO Box 363Blrm ngham 815 21I (021 471 2788)LONDON'S CHUNNEL MANIAWhrlsl the construction and iinance ol theChannel Tunnel itself s currently running Into

ditlicullies probems of uncertanty are alsoapparenl In redeveopment proposals to meellhe new needs of the tunne in London. Movesand countermoves over the ocalion of teamrnals and lhe choice of routes continue. andmany of lhese have implications lor thecapilal s Industnal archaeology.The oldest part of Wate oo Station (plattorms16-21. Windsor lrnes), daling irom a reburld in

1885. is being lranslorrned into a mullr sto.eytermrnal lor lhe Tunnel and will handle traffic as

soon as kains irom lhe Conlinenl starl lo runThese will reach Walerloo over surface lines vra

Bnxton. One consequence will be the removalol the interesting hydrauhc lilt whrch rarsescarriages lrom lhe Wateroo and City under-ground failway lne when they need to go a\rayIor repair A deep-level car park wrl be

6 construcled beneath the new Channe Tunneterm nal and eventually it wil be possible to runcarrages rnlo thrs to be taken away by road on

Hydraufic railway carriago lilt, \ /atoioo A J M Can

low loaders. The lift, which ncorporales a largehydrauiic jgger is due to be removed by early1990. lt dates from about 1989 when theWaterloo and City line was openedSecond thoughts about the Kngs Crossredeveopment could mean railway ands atStratlord in East London being used nstead tor

a Channel Tunnel terminal the No.th Londonline would likely be used Jor access. The greatexpense ol the proposed 15 kilometfe longtunnel lrom King s Cross through drtficultground beneath South Easl London to t\y'ott ng-ham SEg is enough to produce cold leetHowever, lor the original construclion ot theGreal Nonhern Railway northwards lrom King s

Cross, some ol the land required was ownedby St Barlholomew s Hospital. The hospitalgave up what was needed lor railway buildingon condilon lhal when no longer requrred lorrailway use il would reverl back. This s anadditional difliculty lor the Krng s Cross redevelopmenl scheme lt rs underslood the hospilalwll require a large sum of money to allownon-rallway use.ll the long tunnel lor Channel Tunnel lrains ftomKings Cross lo Moltingham s aclualy buillBanksrde Power Stalion would make a goodste lor a working shail or drift Some oi thewalls could be rela ned to hide the unsghtiness of lhe proceed ngs and spoi could besent away by barge Banksde only generatedelectncty lrom 1963 to 1981 However thepower station like Baltersea was designed byno less lhan S[ Gies Gilbert Scott Olr4, and inthe words ol Gavrn Stamp is the Ult maleTemple of Power Tfe Tl Ires Socre/ aedismayed that I has not been possible to istBanksde The former F nancral Tmes bu ldingBracl.e'] House rs cled a5 a^ e^omple o' d

recent burdrng ol comparable merit which doeshave such proleclion (see The Independent 11

October 1989) RJMCarr

ENGINE FOR ADOPTIONHave you ever wanled your own slatronarysteam engrne? The Bnstol WaleMorks Corn-pany rs drsposrng of one ol ils engrnes, and is

going lo some lrouble in order to lind rt a goodhome. Llnlo unaley no-one has yel expressedan Inlerest In tak ng the engine and it may havelo go ror scrapThe engne rs a 300 hp L lleshall Companytriple expansoo engne lt and the build ngwhich hoLrses it were constrLrcted in 1924 al lheBl|5lol Warprvvor'" Conpary, Cla Je! I eal-_1^.1 Worl5 .ledr BdLl,,!ell Br5lol -'le prgrlps severely co(oded but intact with auxilaryplant such as barring engine feed pumps, dc

generator and large dc overhead cfane slilinstaled as it last steamed n 1956 The

Company a ready preserves two beam engrnesat fs Blagdon Pumping Station and intends torenovate a Hathorn Davey triple expansronelgrlF ar V/rofia oumor'rg Slalron I'le orese -

vation of the Lilleshall engrne is lherelore notconsidered by the Company to be lus' IRernoval and rebuilding elsewhere woLviable and the company would give the engrneaway if a satisfactory proposal was made. Bythe time this notrce is read, a home may havebeen found for the engine lf not, help is

needed urgently, and serioLrs candidales loremove the engine should make contactimmedlately by telephoning Mr R.J Horn,Bristol WateMorks Company, PO Box 218,

Bridgwater Road Bristol, BS99 7AU \0272665881)

FIELDWORK AWABOS FOR 1989The presentation of last years man tieldworkaward ol e100 was made by the Assocalrcnsret ring Presidenl, Dr Mar lyn Pamer to GaryMarshall and James Walker at the Associa-lions annuai dinner in Huddersfeld on 16

Septernber 1989. The award was gven tor therrsurvey of over seventy industrial arohaeologicastes located in the grounds of the NationalTrust property at Calke Abbey in DerbyshrreN4uch has been wrtten in the national pressaboLrt this magpie s nest ol aflstocratrc treasures but such were merely the clng on thecake ol the wealth'generatrng complex olbricrdields. brchworhs. li'neslone qudrries.

lrmekilns, and eariy horse drawn railways lhatintersected the polite parklands In this studydocumentary and archaeological work werecombined to produce worlhwhile interpretiveresults.The laboLr of love undertaken by [rrchaelTaylor in his outslanding drawings of NewmillsWatermill on Black lsle, Ross-shire, was alsorecognised by the presentaiion ol a new pnze

for initiative ol f25 and a cert/lcate.Please send entries of work inciuding anyelement of Jieldwork for thrs yeais awards toStephen Hughes, RCAHI/ Waes EdlestonHouse Queen's Road, Aberystwylh, DyledSY23 2HP (0970 624381) by 16 March 1990.

DOROTHEA AWARDSThe AlAs annual conservation awards fundedby Dorothea Restorations has been given lor1989 to the Stailordshire Narrow Gauge Railway

Society ior restoration work on the locomotive'lsabel Built in 1897 'lsabel is the oldestexample of the T class of locornotivesconstructed In Staflord by WG. Bagnall Ltd.

After a tifty year working lile at C itle Hill

Ouarries in Lercestershrre, she returned toStailord as a static memorial to the companyfirst rn the works yard and then oulsrdeStaflord staton In 1987 ihe StatfordshreNarrow Gauge Railway Soclely began lorestore the locomolive to the 1897 workingdesign. Hours ol research have established adelailed history ot the engine, and new workhas patiently been recorded usrng photo-graphs. drawings and videoChief Englneer ol the project Allen Civil andAssistant Engineer Roger Grealrex, were pre-

senled with the award plaque and a cheque tor!600 at the AlAs annua conJerence dinner n

September Charrman ol the ludges JohnCrompton sard that the standard of al thelq89 Fnl|Fs tsad beFn very hqh bLl ll^is was'a lruly excelent project, carried oul with greatcare and dedrcation and wilh a strong sense

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Fobru.iy l9 l99ODISTURBING EOOIESThe konbridge Lecture, by Prolessor Brianl\,lo(is on museums in the 1990s. lt will be atthe University of Birmingham in the earlyevening. Details lrom lhe Administralor, thelronbridge Insiitute, lronbridge Gorge Museum,konb(idge, Telford, Shropshire, TF8 7AW(095245 2751).

Ilrch tO lgeoSERIAC 1990 CONFERENCEOn military engineering in the nineteenthcentury, at the Royal School of MilitaryEnqineering Study Cenke, Gillingham. Topicswill include concrele, shilsheds and militaryrailways. with site visits on the following day.Details from Medway lA Group, Old BrookPumprng Slation, Solomons Road, Chatham,Kent, ME4 4tu.I..ch la l9OOCULTURE. HERITAGE, THE ARTS ANOTOURISMA semanar on the growth ot cullural tourism nBritain, at the Universily of Birminqham. Detailsoblainable as lor 19 February above.

Xrrch 16 lgeoAIA FIELOWORK AWABDSClosing date lor entries lor 1990. See AIA Newsrn lhis assue lor delails.

Ir.ch 3o.lptll I tgOOAIA WORKING WEEKENDal lronbridge, on lhe subiecls of recordingmethodology, the use ol computers by localsocieties, and public enquiries on industrialsrles. Details lrom Pamela Moore, 20 StourvaleGardens, Chandlers Ford. Hampshire, SO53NE.

lprll 6€ l9OOCOMPUTING FOR LOCAI- ANDREGIONAL HISTORYorganised by the Association lor Hislory andComputang UK Eranch ai Wolverhampton Poly-technic. Details lrom Angela Brown, School ofHumanities and Cultural Studies, WolverhamFlon Polytechnic. Caslle View, Dudley DY1 3HR(0902 313001 extension 2333)

ltrll 23-25 l9eoINSTITUTE OF FIELDAFCHAEOLOGISTSal Brrmrngham. Including a full day session on

industrial archaeologry. See News in this issue Junal3l9gotor further inlormalion.X.y t l99OPORT BOOKSa seminar on the value ol Pon Books as anhistorical source, based at WolverhamptonPolytechnac and the lronbridge Inslitute. Detailsobtainable as tor 19 February.

I.r 2.3 l99OMANAGING CHANGE IN THECOUNTRYSIDEa course on rural resource management,including archaeology and tourism, at lron-bridge. Details obtainable as for 19 February.

IrtlatgOOBUILDING INTERPRETATION FORMUSEUMSa course on methods lor interpreling buildingsto the public, based at lronbtidge. Detailsobtainable as lor 19 February.

fl.t| l7 l99OLEGISLATION FORCONSERVATIONa course on topical issues atlecting buildangconsetuation in urban and industrial areas, allronbridge. Details obtainable as lor 19 Febru-4ry.

I., 26.29 I 99OEUROPEAN CONFERENCE ONHERITAGE TOURISMIn Canterbory, organised by ICOMOS on thesubject ol damage to the heriiage by tourasmand methods of conlrol. Details kom JaneFawcett, ICOMOS tJK, 10 Ba ey Mow Passage,Chiswck, London W4 4PH.

Iry 3l lgeoClosing date lof AIA Dorothea ConseNationAwards. see AIA News in lhis issue lor deiails.Irt 3l - Junc 3199OSOCIETY FOR INOUSTRIALARCHAEOLOGY19th Annual Conlerence, Philadelphia, USA.Details irom Sally Elk or Carmen Weber,Philadelphia Historical Commission, l3l3 C yHall Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19197, USA (215

686 4543).Jun. 1.2 | 99OTHE PORTS CONFERENCEorganised by AIA and the Nalaonal Museumsand Galleries on Llerseyside, details lromAdrian Jarvis, Ports Survey, Liverpool Museum,William Brown Street, Liverpool, L3 8EN (051

207 m01). See AIA News in this issue lorlurlher inJormation.

MANAGING TOURISTS AND VISITORSMORE EFFICIENTLYa seminar at the University ol Birmingham.Details obtainable as for 19 Februarv. June 14

1990 Training Statf for Visitors at HeritageAttractions, a seminar at lronbridge. Detailsobtainable as for 19 Februarv.

Juno 14 l99OTRAINING STAFF FOB VISITORS ATHERITAGE ATTRACTIONSa seminar at lronbridge. Details obtainable aslor 19 Februarv

Juno 10.23 l99OTOUR OF INDUSTBIAL AFCHAEOLOGYIN BELGIUMbeing organised lor members ol the Southar.p-ton University lA Group. An invitation to join nisvisit is extended to all members of AIA Detatlswere enclosed with the November 1989 majlinq.

Soptsmbor ?€ l99OAIA ANNUAL CONFERENCEat Guildlord in Surrey. The additional pro-gramme conlinues until 13 September. Delailsare enclosed with lhis mailing.

Octob.r t9 l99OINDUSTRIAL HERITAGE LAW ANO ITS

LIMITATIONSa seminar al lronbridge. Details obtarnable asfor 19 February.

IoYsnb.r 13 l99OULTIMATE MUSEUM EXPERIENCEa seminar on lhe problems ot operatingcomolex and dramalic Induslf|al orocesses in

museums, based at lronbridge and Blists Hall

wrought iron works Details obtainable as lor 19

February

S.ptcnrbct 13-15 l99lAIA ANNUAL CONFERENCEwilh a pre-conJerence paogramme from 10

September, in the Black Country.

lnformation should b9 sont to the Editor assoon as it rs available. Oatos ol mailing andlast dates for r€ceipt crf copy arg given on th€back pag€. ltems will normally appsar insu@essiv€ tssuos betwgen notmcation andth6 date ol the gvent.

AIABulletintssN 03(x)-0051

Editor: Pete. wakelinO€sign€r: John St€ng€lhofenEditod lrom the Schoo/ ot Hunanities andCultunl gudies, Wolvethdmpton Polytechnic,Casde View, Dudley, west Midhnds, Oyl 3HB,and published by the Assocrato'' fot ldustrialArchaeology. Conti nions shou/d be sent lothe Editor. Local /Er,i/s ard press r€reasesshould be ssnt to l/re AIA Regional Cores-pondents lis|€d in altemate issues. Final copydates curenw arc as lolla s:

15 March for June mailing15 June tor Augusl mailingl5 September for November mailing15 Dec€mb€r lor February mailing

The AIA was eslab/ished in 1973 to prcmotetB study ol lndustial Archaeology andencounge imprcved standdtds ol recording,rcsearch. conse.ation and gublication. ltaims to assist and suppott rcgiondl andspgciali't suNey anc! .esearch qoups dNtudies involved in the prcseNation ot indus-tial monuments. to rcDrcsgnt the interesb otlndustial Archaeology at nalonal level, tohold conlerences and semina's and to pub-/rsh lhe results of rcsearch. Fwther detailsmay be obtained frcm the Memberchip Secrc-bry, Association lor lndustial Archaeolow,The Whadage, honbddge, Te otd, ShropshlteTFA 7AW, England. 095245 3522.The views €xp.€sssd in this Bulletin are notnecessarilv lhose ol the Associatron for

continued from page 7From 1837 lo 1844 London snd ElrmlnghsmRallway lrains lrom Euston were drawn upCamden Bank by cable Two 60 hp stationarysteam engines by Maudsley Son and Field

were inslalled undernealh the railway iust to theNorth ol lhe Begent s Canal. One lilhograph byJ.C. Bourne dated April 1837 shows thebuilding ol the engine accommodation, andanother deoicls lhe completed lrne wilh thechrmneys on each side. When cable haulagewas dispensed with the winding engines wentto a Russian llar mill but the chamber theyoccupied is still lhere Being a shorl walk alongthe canal towoalh from lrendv Camden Lock,this cavern has recently been consdered lorconversion lo a wine barlThe Brunels'Thamsa tunngl from Rotherhrlhe

lo Wapping is likely lo come into increasedrailwav use. Comoleled in 1842 after consider'able difliculties as a lunnel lor pedeslrians, lhemoney lor lhe planned access fof wheeledroad vehicles nol being forthcoming, it wasconverled lor rail. Trains fan Jrom the south loWapping lrom 1869, using a conneclrng lunneldriven lhrough the wet rver gravels by S[ John

Hawkshaw. An even greater task was theconslruction of the line nonhwards throughsimilar slrala beneath lhe Eastern Basin ol theLondon Docks lo connect with the GreatEastern Railway at Shorodltch. This was done,with minimum inconvenience to lhe dockabove, by the same engrneer, and lhe throughroule was compleled in 1876.

ll is planned to construcl a new linking lrne

norlhwards lrom Shoredilch to connect with thesoulhern end ol the lormer Norih LondonRailway viaduct which ran lrom Broad Street loOalslon Junclion There would be a newinterchange slalion with London UndergroundLtd s Central Line at Bishopsgate. The con-struction ol Broadgate (Bullelin 16 2) has meantthe abandonmenl ol a considerable length olrailway viaducl wth small businesses still beingcarried on in lhe railway arches benealh. The

intention is also 1o extend lhe present train

service, lhrough lhe Brunel lunnel lo NewCross, lurlher inlo soulh easl London ustngexislrng lines

RJ M Car

&chaeoogy feburary 1990

lndustrial

IWTLVIHEADS PUILISHING SERVICI, CORNWALI