Name:

Unit 3 - Motion

Chapter 8: Velocity

DAY OUTLINE DATE

1 Ch.7 Test

Read pg. 144-146 (pkg)Assignment: Scalars vs. Vectors WKS

2 8.1 Notes 1. ScalarAssignment: Distance, Position and Displacement WKS 2. Vector

Positive, Negative and Zero Slopes WKS 3. DisplacementUniform Motion WKS 4. Distance

5. Position3 8.2 Notes (slides 1-9) 6. Position-time graph

Assignment: Slopes of Position-time Graphs WKS 7. Uniform motionAnalyzing Position-time WKS (pg. 159) 8. SlopeFinding the Slopes WKS

4 8.2 Notes ( slides 10-17) 9. VelocityAssignment: Calculating Average Velocity WKS 10. Average velocity

Analyzing Position-time Graphs WKS (pg. 158) 1 1. Speed5 Toy Car Lab (8-1E) pg. 356-3576 Ch.8.1 & 82 Assessment WKSs

Ch. 8 Review pg. 376-377 #4,7-15,18-237 Review Game8 Chapter 8 Test

Chapter 8_Key_Terms_due

Chapter 8: VelocityDefinitionKey Term Example/Graphic

1. Displacement

2. Distance

3. Position

4. Scalars

5. Position-time graph

6. Uniform motion

7. Slope

8. Vectors

9. Velocity

10. Average velocity

11. Speed

Th

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som

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the

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posi

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eth

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page

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ows

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don

the

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ical

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form

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s34

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ame

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8.1 The Language of Motion — Student Notes

Direction Makes a Difference!Two main types of quantities:

Scalars: Describe

__________________________.

(Magnitude is the size of a measurement)

Example:

____________________________________

Vectors: Describe

_____________________________

Example:

____________________________________

Vectors vs. Scalars

•You can always tell if a quantity is a vector because there will be an arrow drawn above it.

•Example:

_______________________________________

•A scalar has no arrow.•Example:

_______________________________________

Distance vs. Displacement

•Distance (d) is a

____________

that tells you how far something has travelled.

•

Example:

________________________________________

‘Displacement ( d) is a that describes your position relative to where you started.

•

Example:

__________________________________________

‘We measure both

____________

and

__________________

in metres (m).Example: w E

- E

STORE STORE

10km 1 - 10km

A car leaves home and drives 10 km to the store and then returns home. The car has driven a total

________________________

but its final

_________________________________

Time Interval

‘Time interval or change in time is calculated by:Where: At =

__________________

(the A symbol is the greek letter delta. It means “change”).ti =

tf

________________

Example t=Os t2s (=55

Om im 2m 3m 4m 5m Gm 7m Sm

The time interval to move from the fire hydrant to the sign is calculated by:

______________________

= change in position or displacement.

= initial position

= final position

I I I I I —EOm Im m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m

Between 2 s and 5 s, the skateboarder’ s: displacement is

________________

distance travelled is

Uniform Motion

Uniform motion is a term that describes objects that

1n other words, they

_____________________________________

Example:

The position of the ball in this photo is shown atif this motion is uniform motion?

(we will discuss velocity more later)

______

How would you determine

What would the picture look like if the ball was NOT in uniform motion?

-

2

C

____________________

0a-

Displacement

Displacement or change in position is calculated by:

•Where:

Example: tOs t=2s

Displacement and DistanceSee Figure 8.1B p.352 in text

and

Graphing Uniform Motion

Motion of an object can be analyzed by

Position vs. Time

•A position-time graph plots

_____________________________

(y-axis) and

__________________

on the horizontal axis (x-axis).

Uniform motion is represented by a

________________________on

a position-time graph.

Timp (c)

Usew

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test

book

page

s34

6349

.

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fanc

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page

353-

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__

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__

__

__

__

_

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__

__

__

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hat

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s?

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hat

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lace

men

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ance

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red

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the

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6s?

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lace

men

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ring

the

time

inte

rval

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to20

s?

__

__

__

__

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eNa

me

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e

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ent

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aini

rigat

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ime

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ion

toan

swer

ques

donu

s5

to11

.

1020

3040

50Th

ne(s)

5.D

urIn

gw

hich

time

inte

rval

sis

the

stud

ents

tand

ing

stilt

?

6.D

escr

ibe

the

mot

ion

ofth

est

uden

tdu

ring

the

time

inte

rval

23

to5

s.

7.D

escr

ibe

the

mot

ion

ofth

est

uden

tdu

ring

the

time

inte

rval

14s

to16s.

8.2 Average Velocity — Student Notes

• Speedisa_

Velocity ( ) is the

quantity (no direction).

_____________

divided by

• Velocity is a

_______________

quantity (direction).

• The units for velocity and speed are

_____________________

Calculating the Slope of the Position-Time Graph

The slope of a graph is represented by

______________________________

• = change in y-axis

• = change in x-axis

On a position-time graph the slope is the change in position (

Position vs. Time

joggerA//

. jogger B

Time (s)

The slope of a position-time graph is the object’sPostion vs. Time

Speed (u ) is the divided bySpeed Formula:

• Velocity describes how an object’s position is

Velocity Formula:

20‘ 18

161412

-5 10g 8

6C

2

0

) divided by the change in time ( ).Ad

slope = —-

Which jogger’s motion has agreater slope?

Which jogger is moving faster?

What is the slope of each line?

What is each jogger’s vav?

_____________________

( ).

0

Time

• Average velocity is the rate of change in position for a time interval.

Remember: 1’av ( ), is a

__________________

and we must therefore alwaysinclude a direction.If we were to discuss Vay

, ( ), we do not need to include direction,

because speed is a

_______________________

On a position-time graph if forward is given a positive direction:

• A

__________________

slope means that the object’s average velocity is______________

• A

__________________

slope means that the object’s average velocity is

______________

• Zero slope means the object’s average velocity is

__________________

The relationship between average velocity, displacement, and time is given by: av =

1. What is the average velocity of a dog that takes 4.0 s to run forward 14 m?

2. A boat travels 280 m East in a time of 120 s. What is the boat’s average velocity?

The relationship between displacement, average velocity, and time is given by: = (av XAt)

1. What is the displacement of a bicycle that travels 8.0 mIs [NI for 15 s?

2. A person, originally at the starting line, runs west at 6.5 mIs. What is the runner’sdisplacement after 12 s?

The relationship between time, average velocity, and displacement is given by: At =

Vav

1. How long would it take a cat walking north at 0.80 rn/s to travel 12 m north?

2. A car is driving forward at 15 m/s. How long would it take this car to pass through anintersection that is 11 m long?

To convert from km/h to rn/s

• Change km to m: 1 km

_______m

• Change h to 5: 1 h =

________

s

• Therefore multiply by

___________

and divide by

____________

or

• Divide the speed in

___________

by 3.6 to obtain the speed inFor example, convert 75 km/h to rn/s.

Try the following unit conversion problems yourself.1. Convert 95 km/h to rn/s.

2. A truck’s displacement is 45 km north after driving for 1.3 hours. What was the truck’saverage velocity in km/h and mis?

3. What is the displacement of an airplane flying 480 km/h [El during a 5.0 mm timeinterval?

App

lyin

gK

now

ledg

e

tL

__

Nam

RD

ata

Use

with

text

book

page

s36

2-36

6.

Cal

cula

ting

aver

age

velo

city

1.W

hat

isth

efo

rmul

afo

rea

chof

the

foll

owin

gqu

antit

ies?

a)av

erag

eve

loci

tyb)

disp

lace

men

tC)

time

__

__

__

__

__

2.C

ompl

ete

the

follo

win

gta

ble.

Use

the

mot

ion

form

ula

toca

lcul

ate

the

mis

sing

quan

titie

s.Sh

owal

lyou

rw

ork

and

use

the

corr

ect u

nits

.

Dat

a

Use

with

text

book

page

s36

4-36

7.

Slo

pof

pci

t1on-t

lm?

rophs

1.W

hat

does

the

slope

ofa

line

ona

posi

tion

-tim

egr

aph

repre

sent?

2.W

hat

do

esa

stra

igh

tli

neon

apo

siti

on-t

ime

gra

pi

repr

esen

t?

3.D

etln

esl

ope.

4.W

hat

Isth

efo

rmul

au

sed

toca

lcul

ate

the

slop

eof

ast

raig

htli

ne?

5.U

sing

the

posi

tion

-tim

eg

rap

h,

dete

rmin

eth

esl

op

eof

each

line

segm

ent

byco

mpl

etin

gth

efo

llow

ing

tabl

e.

Dis

plac

emen

tT

hne

Ave

rage

Vel

ocity

Form

ula

Use

dan

dC

alcu

latio

nSh

own

15.6

m35

5.2m

!s

357.

5km

6.5

h22

.6to

5,65

rn/s

3.25

h75

km/h

12.6

m3.

15s

24km

32km

/h8s

6Dm

/s

3.C

ompl

ete

the

follo

win

gta

ble.

Show

all

yo

ur

wor

kan

dus

eth

eco

rrec

tU

nits

.

Que

stio

nFo

rmul

aU

sed

Ans

wer

and

Cal

cula

tion

Show

n

a)A

wom

anw

ants

topa

ddle

420

rnac

ross

ala

kein

her

kaya

k.If

sIre

padd

les

acro

ssth

ela

keat

anav

erag

eve

loci

tyof

2.8

mIs

,how

long

does

itta

kehe

rto

cros

s?

b)If

acy

clist

rides

wes

t at

14nv

’s,ho

wlo

ngw

ould

itta

kehe

rto

trave

l980

rn?

c)A

chee

tah

runs

ata

velo

city

of30

rn/s

[E].

Ifit

runs

for

8.5

s,w

hati

sits

disp

lace

rnen

t?

The

Aus

tralia

ndr

agon

flyca

nfly

at16

iv’s.

How

long

does

itta

keto

fly22

4rn

?

e)Th

eSk

yrid

ego

ndol

aat

Gro

use

Mou

ntai

nin

Nor

thV

anco

uver

take

s8

mmto

goup

the

3km

mou

ntai

n.W

hati

sth

eav

erag

eve

locI

tyof

the

gond

ola?

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topl

ate

tect

onic

s,th

eN

orth

Am

eric

anan

dEu

rope

anco

ntin

ents

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drift

ing

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t ata

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erag

esp

eed

ofab

out3

cmpe

ryea

r.At

this

spee

d,ho

wlo

ng(in

year

s)wi

llit

take

fort

hem

todr

iftap

artb

yan

othe

r24

00m

?

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drag

ster

head

ing

north

,re

ache

sa

velo

city

of62

8km

/lifro

mre

stin

3.72

s.Ho

wfa

rdi

dit

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lin

that

time?

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line

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aC&

datlG

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how

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How

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lcul

ate

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pick

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poin

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grid

2.m

ake

atr

ian

gle

/

3.m

=he

ight

oft

rian

gle

wid

thof

tria

ngle

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itio

n

m4

00

=33.3

(m)

12

4.U

nits

=m

etre

s/se

cond

Nam

e;__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

Blo

ck;_

_____

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nce

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et(1

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arks

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m/s

Had

the

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each

line.

I)_ HH

ri’ TL

24

68

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)

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ck...

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Th

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tion-

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grap

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otio

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agy

mna

ston

aba

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atch

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ww

ithth

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raph

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the

Gra

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ten

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cess

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ume

the

cent

reof

the

bala

nce

beam

isth

ere

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nce

poin

t(o

rigin

).

—a)

She

stan

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r3

s.

—b)

She

mov

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ster

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eri

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She

mov

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hem

oves

mor

equ

ickl

yto

the

left

for4

s,

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he

ends

up1

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ftof

thec

entr

eof

the

bala

nce

beam

.

AS

hest

arts

2m

toth

eri

ghto

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ece

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3.U

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low

ing

posi

tion-

time

grap

h,sh

owin

gth

em

otio

nof

two

runn

ers,

toan

swer

the

ques

tion

sbe

low

.

a)W

hatd

oes

the

y.ln

terc

ept

repr

esen

t?

b)D

othe

runn

ers

star

tatt

hes

ame

plac

e?

a)A

tabo

ut2

a,w

hich

runn

eris

runn

ing

fast

er?

How

can

you

tell?

ii)W

hat

occu

rsat

5s?

a)A

tlO

s,w

hlc

hru

nner

isah

ead?

Scti

nS

2

Dat

e

Use

alth

tezt

hook

page

s36

4-36

7.

Ana

Iyzi

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on-f

lm©

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1.U

seth

efo

llow

ing

posi

tion

vers

usti

me

grap

hsh

owin

ga

girl

’sm

ovem

ent

upan

ddo

wn

the

aisl

eof

ast

ore

toan

swer

the

ques

tion

sbe

low

.T

heor

igin

isat

one

end

ofth

eai

sle.

J:

a)C

ompl

ete

the

follo

win

gta

ble.

Det

erm

ine

how

far

the

gil

trav

elle

ddu

ring

each

tim

ein

terv

alan

dca

lcul

ate

the

aver

age

velo

city

for

each

Sec

tion

ofth

egr

aph.

Tim

e(s)

Thae

lela

ral

alsl

acee

seM

Asa

rerj

atia

fissit

y

0s—

2a

2s—

Sa

5s—

7s

78—

12$

12a—

14s

14s—

iSS

16s—

18s

18s-

19s

19s—

20S

It)W

hen

does

the

girl

have

apo

siti

onof

-6m

?

___________

__

__

__

a)W

hat

Isth

egi

rl’s

tota

l dis

plac

emen

taf

ter

2(1

seco

nd

s?

Tim

e(s)

Assessment

Use with textbook pages 340—351.

The language of motionUse the following motion diagramrepresenting a ball moving across ahorizontal table to answer question 10.

originB. the size of a

measurementC. “change in” or “differ

erice”

_____

D. a specific point orlocation relative to areference point

E. the total length of apath between twopoints

F. the difference betweenthe initial time and thefinal time

G. the straight line distance and directionfrom one point toanother

Circle the letter of the best answer.

8. Wbich of the following units is associatedwith &?

A.s

B, m

C. km

D. mis

9. Which of the following describes a scalarquantity?

A. it has direction only

B. it has magnitude only

C. it isthe size of a quantity

D. it has both direction and magnitude

t=Os t=ls t=2s t=3s t=4s t=Ss

• . . • .•I I I I

0cm 20cm 40cm 60cm 80cm 100cm

10. Which of the following statements aredescriptions of the motion of the bail?

I. The ball is in uniform motion.

II. The bail is moving from left to right.

Ill. The displacement between t1 and t isth same as the displacement between

ita8fldt4.

Match the Term on the left with The bestDescriptor on the right Each Descriptor may be

used only once.

A.alsoknownasthe1.

______

distance2. position3. magnItude4. displacement5.

_____

time interval6.

_____

location7.

_____

Greek letterdelta,

A.Iandllonly

B. I and Ut only

C. II and ID only

D.I,ll,andffl

Use the following position-time graphs

: to answer question 11.

‘V: Time Time

=C

IF)• C•

: ii. Which of the graphs above show uniform: motion?

.Aandllnly. CIadfflonly

B..Iandfflonly D.I,ll,andffi

Time

© 2008 McGraw-HUt Ryerson limited Section 8.1 The Language of Motion • MHR 153

Use

with

text

book

page

s36

2—3 7

0.

Av

erag

ev

elo

chy

Use

the

foll

owin

gpo

siti

on-t

hue

grap

hto

answ

erqu

estio

nsIt

o4.

Posi

tion

vs.T

ime

24

68

1012

1416

TiM

e(s)

5.W

hich

two

term

sre

pres

enta

vect

orqu

antit

yan

dth

esc

alar

quan

tity

ofth

eve

ctor

’sm

agni

tude

,res

pect

ivel

y?

A.ve

loci

tyaw

lspe

ed

3.tim

ean

dtim

ein

terv

al

C,ac

cele

ratio

nan

dve

loci

ty

0.po

sitio

naw

ldis

plac

emen

t

6.W

hich

ofth

efo

llow

ing

grap

hsre

pres

ent

the

mot

ion

ofan

obje

ctw

itha

cons

tant

velo

city

?

Tim

e

Aas

easo

naos

t

7.H

owlo

ngw

ould

am

eteo

r,w

itha

velo

city

of45

kni/s

,tak

eto

trav

el12

0km

thro

ugh

Bar

th’s

atm

osph

ere

toB

arth

’ssu

rfac

e?A

ssum

eno

atm

osph

eric

fric

tion.

A.la

ndU

only

B.I

and

UI

only

C.11

and

IIIo

nly

0.1,

11,

and

UI

A.0.

375

S

B.2.

66s

C.45

s

0.54

00s

8.It

took

0.45

sfo

ra

fast

bail

tore

ach

the

batte

r.If

the

pitc

heri

s18

maw

ayfr

omth

eba

tter,

bow

fast

was

the

fast

ball

pitc

h?

A.0

.025

ni/s

B.8.

1rn

/s

C.18

m/s

0.40

m/s

Nam

eD

ate

9.T

heav

erag

eve

loci

tyof

apl

ane

was

600

kin/

h[N

].H

owlo

ngdi

dit

take

the

plan

eto

trave

l120

km?

A.0.

2m

iii

3.5

miii

C.12

mm

0.5.

0h

10. A

Can

ada

goos

efl

ew86

0km

from

Was

hing

ton

toB

ritis

hC

olum

bia

with

anav

erag

eve

loci

tyof

30.5

sn/s

[N].

App

roxi

mat

ely

how

long

did

itta

keth

ego

ose

tom

ake

itsjo

urne

y?

Asseaam

j,

Use

the

foll

owin

gpo

siti

ou4h

negr

aph

ofth

em

otio

nof

anob

ject

toan

swer

ques

tIon

s12

to14

.

+1.

00

+0.7

5

B+0

.50

+0.2

5

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Tim

eh)

12.D

urin

gw

hich

tine

inte

rval

isth

eob

ject

mov

ing

tow

ards

the

orig

in?

Lin

terv

alA

B.in

terv

alB

C.in

terv

alC

0.in

terv

alD

13.W

hati

sth

eav

erag

eve

loci

tybe

twee

n0.

6h

andlh

l

A.+

0.4k

in/h

6.+1

.25

km/h

C.+1

.66

km/h

0.+2

.5ki

n/h

14.W

hati

sth

eob

ject

’sdi

spla

cem

entb

etw

een

0.4h

and0

.6h?

A.—

0.75

km

6.+

025

km

C.+0

.75

km

0.+1

.Okm

Nam

eD

ate

C a.

lime

in

Mat

chea

chD

escr

ipto

rbel

oww

ithth

eco

rres

pond

ing

part

ofth

eG

raph

show

nabove.

1.—

has

anav

erag

eve

locit

yof

0in

/s2._

has

anav

erag

eve

locity

of1

rn/s

[NJ

3._

has

anav

erag

eve

locity

of2

rn/s

[NJ

4.ha

san

aver

age

velo

city

of7

rn/s

[SJ

lime

aA.

0.04

11

3.7.

8h

C.28

2h

0,46

9.9

h

11.A

nod

omet

erin

aca

rhas

are

adin

gof

50km

atth

ebe

ginn

ing

ofa

trip

and

are

adin

gof

125

kmha

lfan

hour

late

r.W

hat

isth

eav

erag

esp

eed

ofth

eca

r?

A.3

.75

km/h

3.62

.5km

/h

C.15

0km

/h

0.25

0ki

n/h

162

MH

R•

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ion

8.2

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rage

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ocity

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