Asset Management -- 2011 Portfoliomydocs.epri.com/docs/Portfolio/PDF/2011_PDU_VP2.pdf · Document best maintenance practices and provide hands-on field guides Applications guides

Asset Management

Program Overview

Program Description

Power delivery research focuses on managing the transmission and distribution assets. EPRI is focusing on understanding the asset behavior, how it is aging and how it may deteriorate while aging. This understanding of failure mechanisms is used to identify maintenance requirements and design asset type specific strategies for optimizing the maintenance efforts. In addition asset related research includes assessing next generation assessment methodologies including robotics, unmanned aerial vehicle inspections and on line installing asset health sensors. Sensor, communications and data processing technologies are developed, demonstrated and refined to anticipate impending asset failure of key components such as transformers and breakers in substations and other components in environments with high potential leading to failure such as insulators in a salt-spray environment. In addition to the asset related research the research also centers on data processing and communications requirements to meet the information needs of all functions within the utility that need access to the asset condition information. Such functions may include operations to minimize impact of possible asset failure and preplan contingencies and maintenance operations for optimizing work schedules. Asset management research is performed in overhead and underground transmission, substation and distribution programs as well as research in data processing and communications within the IntelliGrid program.

Research Value

Improved management of aging components Improved inspection and assessment tools and technologies Improved approaches to selecting applying and inspecting, and assessing insulators Understand advanced options for asset assessments

Approach

Asset management research is includes the following approaches: Assess failure mechanisms Accelerates testing, lab evaluations and demonstration field testing Collect and provide industry data bases and information on component population and failures Design life extension strategies for major components Document best maintenance practices and provide hands-on field guides Applications guides for conductor and cable technologies and accessories

Accomplishments

Inspection of Transmission Line Grounding Systems Field Guide: This EPRI report, one in a series of practical guides designed as reference aids for personnel working in the field, visually catalogs the various condition issues that commonly affect transmission line grounding systems. It presents photographs and short written descriptions of the conditions, and lists associated causes, failure modes, and impacts. The guide is printed in color on high-quality paper and is ring-bound.

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Electric Power Research Institute 2011 Research Portfolio

Industry-wide Substation Equipment Performance and Failure Database—Data, Model and Results—Electronic Media. A single company's data may not be sufficiently extensive nor represent statistically diverse asset population subsets. Industry-wide equipment performance databases (IDBs) are a way to establish a broad-based repository of equipment performance data. EPRI’s efforts emphasize, but are not limited to, life analysis and better understanding of failure rates as a function of age and other parameters. To date, data include 11,679 in-service units and 1185 failure records.

Guidelines for the Life Extension of Substation Equipment: The goals of minimum maintenance and

extended life are often diametrically opposed. However, with knowledge of how condition, maintenance, and service life interact, a reasonable balance can be reached. The report (1017742) presents an updated section on the life-extension guidelines for power transformers and circuit breakers.

Component evaluations have aided utilities with procurement specifications. The results presented in

Overhead Distribution System Component Reliability (1017836) were based on extensive use of multi-stress aging techniques to accelerate aging in order to gain a better understanding of how polymer cutouts age and fail.

Program Manager

Andrew Phillips, 704-595-2728, [email protected]

Project Set Summary

Asset Management for Transmission

Project Set Description

This project set identifies, develops, and assesses tools and procedures required to manage, maintain and assess transmission assets including conductors and cables, components, structures and hardware exposed to corrosion. It researches the failure modes and accelerated stress tests to determine the expected life of components and structures.

Project Number Project Title Description

P35.001 Overhead Transmission Line Inspection and Assessment Methods Guideline

This project is a mix of tools, training, and information that will help members improve their inspection and assessment techniques.

P35.002 Conductor, Shield wire and Hardware Corrosion Management

This project identifies, develops, and assesses tools and procedures required to deal with conductors, shield wires, and hardware exposed to atmospheric corrosion.

P35.003 Structure Corrosion Management

This project helps determine cycle times for re-inspecting assets and the best methods of mitigating and remediating corrosion damage.

P35.004 Compression Connector Management

This project provides a holistic approach to the inspection and management of compression connectors.

P35.005 Crossarm Management Research is primarily focused upon assessing inspection technologies for crossarms and developing reject and ranking criteria for various construction materials.

Asset Management p. 2




P35.016 Next Generation of Advanced Inspection and Sensing Technologies

This project documents the latest inspection and sensing technologies for overhead transmission lines, as well as early adopter's experiences with these technologies. Test results and demonstrations help members make more informed decisions when deciding whether to deploy such technologies.

P36.002 Extruded Dielectric Cable Systems

This project provides greater understanding of performance factors, improved inspection tools and techniques, and novel materials to enhance the viability and operation of extruded dielectric cable systems.

P36.003 Laminar Dielectric Cable Systems

This project provides understanding of cable degradation and life-limiting factors, effective methods for maintaining the integrity of cable system components, and tools and techniques for on-line inspection to enhance the reliability and manage the life cycle of laminar dielectric cable systems.

P35.001 Overhead Transmission Line Inspection and Assessment Methods Guideline (052001)

Key Research Question

There are several reasons utilities need overhead transmission line inspection and assessment methods research. The current transmission infrastructure is aging, and it is important to keep it both reliable as well as extend its life. To do so, utility managers need to keep abreast of new inspection and maintenance practices, tools and issues. If inspection and assessment of the transmission infrastructure is not thorough, the systems will eventually become less reliable and components will fail. Without this understanding, utilities may not have a recovery plan in place when failures occur.

Approach

The Overhead Transmission research team recognizes the work processes and challenges of program members. This research project will employ a tiered approach that will develop a number of materials and then help utility workers quickly incorporate those materials into their everyday work routines. Application of the project's results should simplify their jobs and help them to do their jobs better. The research team: Develops and documents an understanding of indicators or symptoms of component degradation failure

in the Inspection and Assessment Methods (IAM) Reference Guide, the Yellow Book. Develops computer-based instruction systems to help in learning about assessments, technologies and

components. Develops field guides for field personnel that help identify and provide information on the state of a

specific component and the action to take if it is compromised. Develops and documents an approach to transmission line faults investigation and analysis. Develops and hosts hands-on workshops and conferences where inspection and assessment information

is disseminated.

Impact

This research project may affect operations and benefit the public in a number of ways: These tools should help improve the reliability of power delivery components. The inspection and assessment process should be enhanced. The public should get more reliable power delivery. Public safety issues may arise if a component fails. With tools and techniques to help prevent component

failures, safety can be enhanced in areas where the public live and play.


Hands-on events can help improve utility workers' skill sets by training members on inspection methods, available tools, and helping workers identify high-risk components before they fail.

How to Apply Results

The research program had been structured so the tools are ready to be incorporated into a member's standard procedures. Members will be able to supply field guides to their field inspectors. Managers can use guides to set up their assessment programs. Hands-on training can provide staff with knowledge that they can apply immediately in the field. Computer-based training can be used throughout all levels of the organization, including field personnel and managers, as they apply what they learn from the Yellow Book reference material.

2011 Products

Product Title & Description Planned

Completion Date Product Type

New Version of OHTL Inspection and Assessment Methods (IAM) Reference Guide (Yellow Book): This guide helps members initiate a new overhead transmission line inspection and assessment program or refine an existing one. It focuses on degradation of line components, and procedures and technologies for inspecting and assessing components.

12/31/11 Technical Report

New Pictorial Guide: This field guide will be available in electronic format. The guide is a pocketbook size (8 by 4 inches) and designed for field use. Many members are distributing these guides to all field personnel, and they are forming the backbone of their inspection program.

12/31/11 Technical Update

Future On–line E–Learning Module: An online self–paced learning module will be developed on components or inspection technologies. This can be used on a desktop computer or with members' current learning management systems.

12/31/11 Software

Proceedings of the Biannual Overhead Transmission Lines Workshop: The workshop covers inspection technologies and member practices. Technology demonstrations will also be provided. The written materials for the workshop will be assembled as a Technical Update


Approach to Transmission Line Fault Inspection and Analysis (Draft): This product will build on research conducted in prior years and will document a visual inspection approach following a line outage, and characterize typical fault markings on transmission lines.


Future Year Products



New version of OHTL Inspection and Assessment Methods (IAM) Reference Guide (Yellow Book): This guide helps members initiate a new overhead transmission line inspection and assessment program or refine an existing one. It focuses on degradation of line components, and procedures and technologies for inspecting and assessing components.


New Pictorial Guide: These field guides will be available in electronic format. The guides are pocketbook size (8 by 4 inches) and designed for field use. Many members are distributing these guides to all field personnel, and they are forming the backbone of their inspection program.







Future On–line E–Learning Module: Online self–paced learning module will continue to be developed around components or inspection technologies. This can be used on a desktop computer or with members' current learning management systems.

12/31/12 Software

Proceedings of the Biannual Overhead Transmission Lines Conference: Proceedings of the biannual Overhead Transmission Lines Conference .


Approach to Transmission Line Fault Inspection and Analysis (Draft): This product will build on research conducted in prior years and will document the approach and technologies for locating line faults including their accuracy.


P35.002 Conductor, Shield wire and Hardware Corrosion Management (063280)


Corrosion is a natural and unavoidable phenomenon that all utilities must face to a degree at some point. For some utilities, overhead wire failure due to accelerated atmospheric and galvanic corrosion is an immediate concern and major cause of unplanned outages and increased maintenance costs. One utility surveyed reported that failed shield wires were its foremost cause of unplanned outages. Reliability and availability of overhead transmission systems are a major concern in an ever-growing market with anticipated load growth.

Approach

This project provides tools and processes for inspecting and assessing overhead shield wires, conductors, and hardware. It also produces management and engineering guides. The project’s goals will be achieved via research in inspection, population assessment, selection and application of phase conductors, shield wires and phase conductor management program. NIR Spectroscopy to locate conductors with various levels of corrosion byproducts deposited on the

conductor surface. Understanding corrosion rates on test specimens and the associated tensile strengths. A corrosion

laboratory has been developed in Charlotte to study the effects of the environment on corrosion rates for conductors and hardware in atmospheric service. Exposure testing of these components will help quantify those areas and allow utilities to establish inspection cycles based upon actual corrosion rates and allowable sectional losses.

Replicate conditions needed for contractors and service providers to demonstrate and test new and emerging technologies. Flaws are installed with specific sectional losses and inspection methods are evaluated in the context of accuracy, cost, risk and probability of locating damage.

Population assessment methods based upon environmental factors and material exposure. Future workshops to disseminate research findings, technology demonstrations and hands on training for

inspection and assessment techniques.

Impact

The project will help reduce unplanned outages, improve reliability, and reduce associated repair costs by providing corrosion control and management practices for both overhead ground wires, phase conductors and hardware. It could also provide a more accurate picture of the status of the power delivery infrastructure, enabling more informed maintenance and fiscal decisions.



Transmission designers, engineers, operators, and inspectors will use the results of this project to inspect and assess overhead shield wires and conductors. Employing the knowledge gained from the project's results will help members develop a cost-effective maintenance program that will improve reliability by identifying and assessing high-risk shield wires and conductors prior to failure.

2011 Products



NIR Spectroscopy Development: This technical update will document the development of the control samples required for ranking criteria and the refinement of existing hardware to eliminate light intensity variations.


Environmental Factors Governing Corrosion Rates on Overhead Transmission Line Hardware: To optimize the hardware inspection process, circuits can be profiled for environmental factors that control corrosion initiation mechanisms. This technical update is designed to help prioritize circuits based upon age, current rating, proximity to shorelines or industrial activities, prevailing weather patterns, and many other environmental factors.





Inspection and Assessment of Overhead Transmission Line Hardware: This technical update will document the current state of industry inspection methods and examine new and emerging technologies for identifying degraded conductors and hardware.


NIR Spectroscopy Development and Alternate Technology Uses: This product is the continuation of the NIR spectroscopy technology development and work will entail a prototype and a study of packaging requirements.


Population Assessment of Transmission Line Hardware: Trending for corrosion has always been the most accurate method for targeting O&M budgets. Identifying areas more prone to corrosion issues could allow members to focus on pending issues and be proactive in avoiding costly outages.


Inspection Optimization and Environmental Factor Modeling With GIS Overlays: System modeling using existing government data and optimization by converging inspection results will allow a better understanding of the environment and its role in corrosion issues.

12/31/13 Technical Resource

P35.003 Structure Corrosion Management (063281)


The total cost of corrosion to the U.S. industry is more than $276 billion annually, of which more than 30% could be prevented through the use of optimum corrosion-management practices. Even within the electricity industry, the costs associated with corrosion range from $5 billion to $10 billion each year. Transmission and distribution lines are also greatly affected by the effects of sub-grade corrosion. These effects are manifest in costly outages and increased O&M costs. Visual inspection by excavation is the predominant method of inspection, but this process is costly and labor intensive. Thus, research is needed to provide members with methods for effective sub-grade corrosion management.



Approach

This project addresses the issues surrounding corrosion of transmission line structures by providing O&M staff tools and techniques to make the most informed and cost-effective decisions. This will be achieved through developing and refining inspection techniques and methodology, informed assessment practices, and effective remediation techniques. This project will culminate in the production of a comprehensive corrosion management program, with the ultimate goal of reducing total O&M costs associated with sub-grade corrosion. Assessment of commercially available coating systems to understand corrosion initiation mechanisms

and cycle time for future inspections. Replicate conditions on test specimens at the Klondike facilities for contractors and service providers to

demonstrate inspection technologies and mitigation methods. Evaluation of inspection and assessment techniques dedicated to anchor rods inspections. Evaluation of inspection and assessment technologies for tubular structures. Evaluation of inspection and assessment technologies for lattice structures Development of electrochemical test techniques to measure corrosion rates on structures and grounding

systems insitu which will prioritize service areas and allow the development of inspection cycles for the lattice & pole populations.

Understanding corrosion rates on test specimens through soil exposure testing at the Charlotte corrosion laboratory will allow an understanding the environmental factors occurring within members service areas. These tests are designed to quantify the effects of these factors on the corrosion kinetics and help design mitigation methods to arrest the corrosion.

Research and development of cathodic protection systems for the internal surfaces of tubular structures. Future workshops to provide education and hands on training for inspection, mitigation and remediation

techniques.

Impact

This program may have the following impacts: Provide new tools and inspection methods to address sub-grade corrosion problems Defer inspection and replacement costs by understanding the features and benefits of new and emerging

inspection, mitigation and remediation technologies. Reduce O&M costs by matching cycles times with mitigation and remediation techniques. Reduce outages by understanding the life cycle of various structure types. Help engineering to reduce the probability of corrosion that may occur in new construction.


Transmission operations and maintenance staff will use the tools and knowledge delivered in this project to develop a cost- effective maintenance program to inspect, assess, and refurbish sub-grade infrastructure, and consequently extend its life. This may improve reliability by identifying and assessing high-risk sub-grade components prior to failure.

2011 Products



New and Emerging Technologies for Lattice Structure Inspections: Lattice structures represent the oldest asset in the utilities management programs. Inspection and assessment has been limited to direct assessment by excavation, which has proven reliable but costly and time consuming. This research represents a new method of structure assessment through the use of electrochemistry, which has been limited to laboratory use in the past.







Environmental and Corrosion Effects on Reinforced Concrete Foundations: Concrete foundations have been used primarily on critical structures or structures in areas where access is difficult. The mind set has been that the use of concrete precludes the need for any maintenance, and the industry is finding that critical structures can be at risk. This is compounded by the fact that inspection practices have been limited to visual and passive half-cell inspections. This research will address the corrosion initiation mechanisms involved with the use of steel-reinforced concrete and the effects of the environment on the concrete/steel matrix.





Structural Repair Methods for Lattice Structures & Grillage Foundations: The last aspect of inspection and assessment programs is how the structure is returned to its original condition at the time of installation. This technical update highlights available structural repair methods and the caveats associated with each method.


Mitigation & Remediation Methods for Tubular Structures: Tubular structures require different mitigation methods due to age and geometry of construction. Most tubular structures are less than 30 years old and have standing water inside, which creates a unique problem due to the lack of internal access. Some remediation methods do transfer from wood pole technology; however, methods of attachment vary and the net effects are not well understood yet.


Electrochemical Inspection and Remediation Methods for Concrete Foundations: There are many accepted passive and active half-cell techniques that will allow an understanding of reinforcing steel condition within concrete. This technical resource will provide a hands-on understanding of how to apply these electrochemical inspection techniques and what technologies are available to restore the condition of the concrete.

12/31/13 Workshop, Training, or Conference

Cathodic Protection for Internal Surfaces of Tubular Structures: The potential for corrosion on the inside of a tubular structure was unknown until recently. Cleaning issues before the galvanizing operation have resulted in premature structural failures and that has alerted the industry to the need for advanced mitigation techniques. This product is focused upon potential methods or techniques to deliver and apply uniform sacrificial anode, cathodic protection to the internal surfaces of a tubular structure.


P35.004 Compression Connector Management (065547)


Predicting the remaining life of compression connectors (splices and dead-end) is a major challenge. Splice failures are expected to increase with increased demand for heavier loading operations. Due to the limitations of existing inspection techniques, isolating the components early enough to avoid failure is difficult. Inspection techniques and population evaluation methodologies are needed. The performance of compression connectors is directly related to installation practices and procedures. Conductor cleaning and field personnel training remain two key priorities to address these issues.


Approach

Inspection of Compression Connectors: Technologies currently used to inspect splices include micro-ohm measurement and infra-red inspection. However, the reliability, repeatability, application methods, and threshold levels for these technologies are not well defined. In addition, each of these techniques provides limited information or is costly to implement. This project will increase understanding of the currently available techniques, their performance, and their application. Guidelines will be provided for their application, and promising new techniques will also be sought and identified. Workshop on Connector Inspection and Installation Techniques: EPRI will develop a workshop for field personnel and tools to improve the reliability of newly installed connectors. The workshop will be used to demonstrate the latest inspection technologies, as well as present best practices for the use of existing inspection technologies and connector installation. Remediation Techniques for Compression Connectors: This task will evaluate the application of shunt-type devices to address compression connectors identified as high risk by field inspection. This research will address issues such as the performance of these devices, their life expectancy, application concerns, and inspection and assessment. Failure database: Continued maintenance of compression connectors failure databases (ongoing since 2009) to aid selection and replacement decisions

Impact

This research project may affect members' operations in a number of ways: Increase safety of transmission lines by reducing line droppings Reduce sustained unplanned outages due to compression connector failure Optimize spending of O&M funding Improve productivity of field personnel with training and field tools Address the loss of institutional knowledge by providing training.


Members will modify their current inspection practices as a result of the research. Operations and maintenance personnel can implement the developed EPRI population assessment methodology. Field personnel will be able to use the provided workshop training material as part of their in-house training programs.

2011 Products



Refinement of Temperature Threshold Limits: This product will build on research developed in prior years and will focus on the effects and impact of the environment on measurement threshold limits. This will include information from the failures database.


Proceedings of Workshop on Compression Connector Inspection Technologies: A workshop will be conducted based on EPRI research, and inspection techniques will be demonstrated. The latest inspection technologies will be demonstrated and the best practice for using each technology, together with best practices for connector installation, will be highlighted. The written materials for the workshop will be assembled as a Technical Update







Evaluation of Remediation Techniques: Remediation techniques and devices can be used to mitigate the effects of high-temperature operation on connectors that have been designed to operate at 93C or below. They can also be used to prevent further connector degradation by providing a path for current to flow around the connector. This task will detail the laboratory performance of different remediation techniques identified in 2010. The tests will help determine the long-term electrical and mechanical performance of these devices.


Conductor Cleaning Tool for Compression Connectors: This product will document the conductor cleaning technology for installation of compression connectors on ACSR and ACSS conductors





Online Training Module on Inspection Techniques and Evaluations: A computer-based training module will be developed that details inspection techniques and evaluations. This software will be able to be used with members' current learning management systems.

12/30/12 Software

Field Guide Inspection Techniques and Evaluations: A field guide for personnel will be prepared with inspection tools and techniques as evaluation considerations for compression connectors


Evaluation of New Inspection Technologies and their Application: This task will evaluate promising new inspection technologies. These will be tested and evaluated to determine feasibility as an inspection technology.


P35.005 Crossarm Management (067437)


Predicting the remaining life of structure crossarms is a major challenge to electric utilities. An increase in crossarm failures should be expected as transmission structures age. Due to the limitations of existing inspection techniques, identifying the components early enough to avoid failure is difficult. Improved inspection techniques and population evaluation methodologies are therefore needed. The cost and physical performance of crossarm assets is directly related to inspection practices and decisions. Identification of crossarm degradation and timely replacement decisions by field personnel remain two key priorities.

Approach

This multi year project addresses a range of crossarm concerns including selection, application and inspection to increase members confidence and reliability in using these materials of construction. In 2009 the project focused upon the degradation modes of wood crossarms and the existing tools and techniques available for inspection and assessment programs. In 2010 a test jig was designed, developed and constructed in Charlotte to facilitate the assessment of inspection technologies. Building on that foundation, project activities in 2011 and beyond will include: The assessment of existing inspection and assessment tools for wood, steel and fiberglass crossarms Development of new and emerging technologies with the associated features/ benefits.


Field guide to aid maintenance personnel in the inspection and assessment of crossarms. Development of a crossarm failure database to track failures by material, age, size, type of construction

and environmental factors will provide invaluable information for inspection program optimization. E-learning module for field personnel training.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Increase safety of transmission lines by reducing crossarm failures Reduce sustained unplanned outages attributable to crossarm failures Address loss of institutional knowledge by providing training Optimize spending of O&M funding Improve productivity of field personnel with training and field tools.


Members will modify their current inspection practices as a result of the research focused upon inspection and assessment of crossarms. This project improves the expertise of the workforce and addresses the loss of knowledge in the industry. The project may culminate in reliability improvements by identifying and assessing high–risk components prior to failure. Operations and maintenance personnel can implement the developed EPRI population-assessment methodology themselves or as part of a supplemental project.

2011 Products



Evaluation Of Crossarm Inspection Tools and Technologies for Steel, Wood and Fiberglass Materials of Construction: Existing tools and technologies used for inspecting and evaluating crossarms will be evaluated, and a report will be prepared summarizing the findings for members.


Development of Crossarm Failure Database: A database of crossarm failures will be implemented to improve understanding of failure modes and frequencies. A standard format for crossarm failure reporting will be developed to support information gathering.





Field Guide on Crossarm Inspections and Evaluations: A field guide for field personnel will be prepared covering the failure modes, inspection tools, and techniques as evaluation considerations for crossarm inspection.


E-learning Module on Crossarm Inspections and Evaluation: An online training module will be developed to train field personnel in failure modes, inspection tools, and techniques as evaluation considerations for crossarm inspection.

12/30/13 Software



P35.016 Next Generation of Advanced Inspection and Sensing Technologies (070600)


As assets age beyond their design margin, the ability to inspect and assess their condition has become vital. New and emerging inspection and sensing technologies are essential to meet this need. Many utilities are unaware of new technologies, and in many cases unsure of their performance due to lack of field experience. As new issues emerge, new technologies must be identified and possible solutions investigated.

Approach

The project will take a three-pronged approach to addressing the research needs: Identify and document new and emerging inspection/sensing technologies to increase members'

awareness. Document use cases where new and emerging technologies have been utilized in the field. Identify gaps in currently available inspection technologies and possible applicable technologies to meet

members' requirements. In 2011, a database will be provided where members can look up the component to be inspected (e.g., insulators, sub-grade components or others). All available applicable technologies will be listed and described, as well as emerging technologies currently under development. In addition, a link will be provided to use cases. In a different search mode, a user could query the database by technology (e.g. satellite, unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV), or robots). A report will be provided listing gaps or needs and vision for future inspection and sensing technologies will be documented. In future years, if experience with new inspection/sensor technologies is not available, round-robin-style testing will be performed in controlled and field environments to provide members with knowledge and performance information on inspection/sensing technologies that they have not applied to date.

Impact

By being aware of the latest technologies and having easy access to other utilities' experience as well as performance testing, members will be able identify appropriate technologies more easily and have more confidence in their application. By identifying gaps and possible technologies, future research and development needs can be addressed.


When faced with an issue concerning a specific component, members would utilize the database to become aware and informed of all applicable inspection/sensing technologies. In addition, they would have easy access to other members' experiences in addition to third-party performance results.

2011 Products



Inspection and Sensing Technology Database with Use Cases: A database where users can look up a component to be inspected (e.g. insulator, sub-grade components or others). All available applicable technologies will be listed and described, as well as emerging technologies currently under development. In addition, a link will be provided to use cases. In a different search mode a user could query the database by technology (e.g. satellite, unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV), or robots).







Roadmap for Overhead Transmission Inspection & Sensing Technologies: A report identifying gaps in currently available inspection and sensing technologies. Emerging technologies that may address these needs will be listed.





Evaluation of Emerging Technologies: Tests will be performed on emerging inspection and sensing technologies to evaluate their performance and provide users with a basis for their application. Members will be invited to attend a demonstration of the technologies being evaluated.


P36.002 Extruded Dielectric Cable Systems (062105)


The amount of extruded dielectric (ED) cable being installed at HV and EHV levels, some with transmission capacities approaching 1 GW, is growing substantially. Simultaneously, emerging new extruded dielectrics promise to decrease losses, extend useful length for alternating current applications, reduce cable diameter, and extend pulling lengths. Challenges posed by these dielectric systems include understanding, designing for, and controlling thermally induced mechanical behavior under cyclic loading; operation at sustained high temperatures and emergency overloads; and effective application of improved condition assessment techniques such as partial discharge (PD) measurements—especially as a commissioning test at elevated test voltages or during on-line monitoring. The costs, benefits, and risks associated with embedded temperature-sensing optical fibers also need better definition. EHV cable splices are a major concern because of high electrical and mechanical stresses at critical interfaces, temperature-dependent aging effects, and the influence of high thermomechanical (TM) forces with some splicing vault layouts. The reliability of long, high-capacity lines is very important. However, many utilities lack experience with these newer systems and face uncertainties associated with selecting various cable sub-types, installation designs, field commissioning tests, operation, and maintenance. At the same time, utilities need a better understanding of cable system aging and failure mechanisms, and assurances that the performance and longevity of ED cable systems will be at least as good as the proven fluid-filled systems that have historically been the backbone of U.S. underground transmission technology.

Approach

This project will investigate and seek to improve new materials, equipment, and methods for HV and EHV ED cable systems, including the use of advanced sensors and techniques. Solutions may be applicable to designing, selecting, installing, commissioning, testing, operating, and maintaining an overall ED system. The project is task driven, as prioritized by members and available funding year by year. Research will address: Experimental verification of EPRI-developed theoretical TM models for ED cables in ducts and pipes.

Laboratory test rigs will be designed and deployed at EPRI facilities. Rigorous experimental procedures will be developed and carried out to validate/correct models and improve theoretical understanding. Guidelines for TM-resistant designs will be developed after validation of the models and improved understanding is achieved.


Innovative tools, methods and technologies for inspecting and assessing the condition of ED cable systems will be evaluated and developed. One focus will be assessment of cable health with advanced sensors monitoring electrical, mechanical or thermal behaviors (e.g., on-line PD detection/monitoring and TM damage). Another focus will be new technologies for fault location in underground and hybrid underground-overhead lines.

Commercialization of high-stress cable and accessories using nano-composites will be supported. Research will be directed toward performance testing of model cables; development and testing of suitable accessories; understanding and development of wet design insulation enhancements; and development of reduced-diameter cables using nano-composites.

Impact

Project research will produce new materials and monitoring tools that may substantially improve the ability of extruded dielectric HV and EHV cable systems to meet system reliability, maintainability and safety requirements, and contribute to the establishment of technical design standards that can help extend the life of these systems. Laboratory testing will validate and improve theoretical understanding of the behavior of ED cables, which

will support improved specifications and standardized designs leading to higher reliability, fewer customer outages, and lower lifetime system costs.

Greater understanding of the implications of high-temperature operation will help achieve desired reliability and possibly increase transmission capacity at lower additional cost to customers.

Development and deployment of advanced sensors and inspection techniques will reduce maintenance costs, improve utility operations staff effectiveness, and increase system reliability.

Development and effective application of new nano-dielectric materials will significantly reduce the initial and lifetime costs of UT.


Underground transmission engineers, designers, and managers can use the guidelines, methods (including software), and technologies developed or assessed in this project to improve productivity and reduce the costs of designing, installing, commissioning, testing, operating, and maintaining extruded dielectric cable systems. Engineers will use improved understanding of the behavior of XLPE cable under normal and emergency loading scenarios plus analytical or software-based tools to achieve effective, economical duct and vault designs. Operators and maintenance departments will deploy new sensors and tools to obtain real-time and near real-time information on cable system health. Planners will take advantage of smaller-diameter, longer-lived nano-dielectric cables to provide additional options for increasing transmission system throughput and extending cable life.

2011 Products



Experimental Verification of TM Models for Extruded Dielectric Cables in Ducts and Pipes: Experimental test rigs to produce distress in XLPE cable samples in ducts and pipes to verify existing models are being installed in 2010 at EPRI's Charlotte test center. In 2011, rig installation will be completed, followed by shakedown tests and insertion of a donated cable for initiation of the already-developed test protocol (EPRI report 1013792). Subject to project timing and budget, tests on the cable will begin.

12/31/11 Hardware






Advanced Sensors and Inspection Techniques for Extruded Dielectric Transmission Cable Systems: This is a multi-year task that began in 2010 with field trials on a host utility circuit to evaluate commercial diagnostic technologies and determine research needs. In 2011, this task will continue with research and development of advanced sensors and data transmission techniques for on-line inspection of cable system condition and operational status, with a focus on the advanced use of fiber-optics for applications beyond temperature monitoring. A technical update report will document results.


High Stress Cable Using Nano-Composites: EPRI and its joint development partner are engaged in commercializing nano-dielectric materials for use in underground transmission cables. Model cables produced to date have not shown the full dielectric improvements observed in laboratory samples, indicating a need to further customize the formulation and manufacture of base material. The commercializer is undertaking this in 2010, and expects to have a new generation of model cable ready for testing in 2011. Successful tests on this cable will be followed with a field demonstration at one or more host utilities.

12/31/11 Hardware

Underground Transmission Cable Fault Location: This project will investigate fault location techniques by first updating the comprehensive EPRI Underground Cable Fault Location Reference Manual (TR-105502, 1995). The update will include newly developed technologies in fault data recording, computer-aided analysis, and others. The project will further identify opportunities for future research on topics such as fault indicators for hybrid overhead and underground circuits.





Integrity of Laminated Moisture Barriers in XLPE Cable: Increased use of foil laminate moisture barriers in XLPE cable presents increased potential for failure associated with thermal and mechanical stresses in cable in ducts (e.g., extreme bending). Researchers will obtain cable samples and use experimental bending rigs to cyclically stress the cables to failure at operating temperatures in order to determine their resistance to potential failure. This product will be an interim report on the experimental testing of foil laminate cables in EPRI's TMB bending rig.


Long-term Effect of Integral Fiber Optic Cables in Extruded Dielectric Cable Systems: Integral fiber-optic cables are increasingly used for distributed temperature sensing, and interest in using them for other diagnostics is growing. This task would investigate the long-term impact of the integral fibers on the health of transmission cable, including assessment of current knowledge and recommendations for industry action (e.g., pre-qualification testing).


Experimental Verification of TM Models for Extruded Dielectric Cables in Ducts and Pipes: Experimental test rigs installed at EPRI's Charlotte laboratory to produce distress in XLPE cable samples in ducts and pipes will be utilized to verify existing models and develop understanding of system design fundamentals.


High Stress Cable Using Nano-Composites: A new generation of model cable is expected to ready for testing in 2011. Successful tests on this cable will be followed with a field demonstration at one or more host utilities. This project will document interim results of host utility tests.






Methods for Improved Installation Quality in Extruded Dielectric Cable Accessories: This task will consist of a multiphase approach to improving the quality of installation in ED cable accessories. Activities will include one or more of the following: Investigating practices and procedures currently used by different utilities; investigating current diagnostic and inspection techniques to address the main root cause of cable accessory failures; developing greater understanding of design and operation issues for EHV splices and terminations, such as electrical and mechanical stresses, temperature-dependent aging effects, and the influence of high thermal-mechanical forces; developing guidelines for cable accessory installation quality assurance; assessing the feasibility of robotic technology and machine tools for cable end preparation; and recommending further research or development.


Impact of High Temperature Operation on Extruded Dielectric Cable Systems: This task will increase knowledge about the reliability and cost implications of operating UT systems at high temperature to increase capacity. It will utilize the EPRI TM model to calculate the impact on insulation geometry for a variety of cable designs and installation and operation scenarios. It will also define alternative design/operation scenarios to achieve the desired reliability as well as identify the cost impact.


EHV XLPE Cable Workshop: This task is a workshop to inform and help utilities apply results reported by EPRI in Cable System Technology Review of XLPE EHV Cables, 220 kV to 500 kV (2002) and Mechanical Effects on Extruded Dielectric Cables and Joints Installed in Underground Transmission Systems in North America (2004). Development and deployment experiences of XLPE transmission cables in recent years will be addressed in the context of these reports. Lessons will be drawn for application to current or planned cable systems.


Guidelines for Thermo-mechanical Design of Extruded Dielectric Cable Systems: This task will build on previous EPRI work on TM behavior of ED cables in ducts, pipes and manholes. It will provide a concise source of practical engineering knowledge to help cable engineers successfully design ED cable systems with respect to TM effects in all common installation configurations. For various cable types, recommendations would consider design factors such as: duct/cable diameter ratio; vault dimensions as a function of cable type, joint dimensions, and relative duct/pipe diameter; cable and joint orientation in vault; cable and joint clamp spacing and clamp design, including non-axial-symmetric forces; and cable and joint clamp type and dimensions.


P36.003 Laminar Dielectric Cable Systems (063284)


Much of the installed UT infrastructure in North America is high-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) cable systems. Along with high-pressure gas-filled (HPGF) and self-contained fluid-filled (SCFF) cable systems, most of these systems have performed well, surpassing their original design life expectations. However, the growing age of many of these assets is a cause for concern, in some instances related to system integrity. Replacement costs for laminar dielectric cable systems are high and the consequences—both financial and environmental—of electrical failures due to aging insulation, or cable system fluid leaks due to pipe corrosion, are significant. Such potential consequences drive efforts to extend life through better designs, selective upgrades or retrofits, and an increased focus on operation and maintenance.


Adding to these age-related concerns is the fact that cable system loadings often increase with age, such that some older systems are required to operate at even higher loads and temperatures. Concurrently, changes in their thermal environment since commissioning have often occurred without the knowledge or control of the utilities, frequently with negative effects on ratings. This research project addresses these issues: Improving understanding of pipe corrosion mechanisms and prevention methods to enhance or

standardize industry procedures for corrosion surveillance and mitigation. Developing inspection and monitoring techniques to assess the health of cable systems to assist in

maintenance schedules and replacement strategies. Refining knowledge-based cable system condition assessment and rerating methods to improve

reliability. Developing low-cost yet effective methods for rapid leak detection and location to reduce operational and

environmental impacts. Improving understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of cables in pipes leading, if possible, to the

ability to predict incipient failures.

Approach

This project will investigate and develop or evaluate new equipment, methods, and procedures that may extend life; improve reliability; and reduce costs for operation, maintenance, and eventual replacement of laminar dielectric cable systems. The project is task driven, as prioritized by members and available funding year by year. Research will be directed to one or more of the following areas: Pipe-type cable system corrosion research, to include: improved understanding of coating disbondment in

older pipes; impact of pipe environment (internal and external) on corrosion; and improved methods of detecting and preventing corrosion.

Condition assessment of laminar dielectric cable systems, to include: advanced techniques for in-field condition assessment; new approaches and tools for dissipation factor, fluid condition, or other effective assessment methods; development and validation of sensors, digitizers, recorders and telemetry systems to deliver distributed, near real-time in situ data during on-line monitoring; and fiber-optic and semiconductor sensor technology.

Leak detection in HPFF and SCFF cables, to include novel methods for economical, easy-to-use, and rapid leak detection in HPFF and SCFF cable systems. Research will focus on new inspection techniques or tools to give near real-time results at very low levels of leak rate or lost volume, and that seek to exploit new and simpler techniques than those commercially available.

Thermomechanical bending in HPFF cable systems, to include research into understanding and predicting distress in pipe-type cable systems, including the possibility of diagnostic methods to detect cable distress at an early stage. Research may include development of experimental protocol and testing of sample cables to replicate, accelerate, and detect cable deterioration. Research will follow a path similar to that taken for extruded dielectric cables (see Project 36.002).

Impact

This research will produce new understanding, methods and tools that could substantially improve the ability of engineers and planners to assess the condition of laminar dielectric cable systems, and to take proactive steps in operating and maintaining these systems to extend asset life and prevent unexpected outages. Better understanding of potential failure mechanisms (such as pipe corrosion or thermomechanical

behavior) and prevention procedures may result in longer asset life, reduced customer outages, improved customer satisfaction, and lower operations costs.

Real-time monitoring of the condition of aging cable system assets may lead to increased asset utilization, maintenance intervention prior to spontaneous failure, higher reliability, and lower repair costs.



New inspection techniques and tools may increase staff productivity and reduce overall maintenance costs.

Rapid detection of fluid leaks may improve environmental responsiveness and public safety, and reduce repair times and costs.


Underground transmission engineers, designers, and managers can use the knowledge base, guidelines, methods, and technologies developed in this project to improve productivity and lower the costs of operating, maintaining and extending the life of laminar dielectric cable systems. Reliability and safety can be enhanced, and asset replacement strategies improved. Maintenance personnel will make effective use of staff time and budget resources by applying new inspection methods and monitoring technology. Planners will learn where to apply selective upgrades and retrofits through better understanding of the relative condition of their asset fleet as well as where, and under what circumstances, cable systems are most susceptible to damage.

2011 Products



Corrosion Effects and Prevention in Pipe-Type Cable Systems: This is a new, multi-year project utilizing EPRI's recently installed, state-of-the-art pipe-type cable corrosion laboratory in Charlotte and building on research completed in 2010. Research results to date indicate a significant need to better understand coating disbondment in older pipes, corrosion occurrence and rates as a function of pipe environment (internal and external), and improved methods of detecting and preventing corrosion in pipe-type cable systems. A technical update will document interim results.


Condition Assessment Techniques for Laminar Dielectric Cable Systems: This task will continue the effort to develop advanced techniques for on-line condition monitoring of laminar dielectric transmission cable systems. Research will focus on finding new techniques or tools that will give near real-time results, such as dissipation factor or fluid condition measurements. This task will also provide an update to the EPRI guide for dissolved gas analysis and insulation paper testing as a standalone addendum to the report. The update will capture the latest developments and experiences on dissolved gas analysis, related fluid tests, and physical, electrical and chemical paper insulation tests. It will also refine limiting parameters of fluid and paper quality, and associated action plans.


Leak Detection in HPFF and SCFF Cables: This multi-year task begun in 2010 will develop and demonstrate innovative methods for economical, easy-to-use, and rapid leak detection in HPFF and SCFF cable systems.


Experimental Protocol and Test Rigs for Study of TM performance of HPFF Cables: This multi-year task will develop experimental protocols and test rig designs to support improved understanding of, and development of predictive diagnostics for, "in-pipe" thermomechanical bending events in pipe-type cable systems that may lead to cable failure.







Condition Assessment Techniques for Laminar Dielectric Cable Systems: This task will continue the effort to develop advanced techniques for on-line condition assessment of laminar dielectric transmission cable systems. This task will also provide a guide for circuit dissipation factor measurements as a standalone appendix to the report. The guide will capture the latest experiences in circuit dissipation factor tests using EPRI-developed techniques and discuss their limitations.


Test Rig for Experimental Study of TM performance of HPFF Cables: This multi-year product comprises design and construction of a test rig to produce distress in HPFF cable samples, cycling the samples to failure, and analyzing the results.

12/31/12 Hardware

Corrosion Effects and Prevention in Pipe-Type Cable Systems: A continuation of the multi-year project begun in 2011 utilizing EPRI's recently installed, state-of-the-art pipe-type cable corrosion laboratory in Charlotte. Research will lead to a better understanding of coating disbondment in older pipes, corrosion occurrence and rates as a function of pipe environment (internal and external), and improved methods of detecting and preventing corrosion in pipe-type cable systems. A technical update will document interim results.


Impact of High Dissipation Factor of In-service Fluid on Cable Insulation Performance: This task will investigate the significance and impact of high dissipation factor of in-service fluid on fluid-filled cable, joint, and termination insulation performance, including its effects on dielectric losses, potential heating, breakdown strength, and life expectancy.


Leak Detection in HPFF and SCFF Cables: This multi-year task will continue the development of effective methods of rapid leak detection in HPFF and SCFF cable systems with a laboratory or host utility field demonstration of innovative technology.


New Insulating Fluids for HPFF and SCFF Cable Systems: This task would build on past EPRI research on a functional test matrix for fluid evaluation (EPRI Reports 1007615, 1001923, and TR-111722), as well as EPRI research on alternative transformer fluids (Program 37). It would investigate and assess new dielectric fluids from natural and synthetic hydrocarbons with improved environmental properties, as well as sources to provide alternatives to commonly used cable insulating fluids. New fluids would be expected to ensure high biodegradability in accordance with international standards, even in a low-oxygen environment such as underground. The scope of the task would include identification and development of potential fluids, laboratory studies using paper tapes as well as cable models and field trials.


Development of HPFF & XLPE Transition Joints up to 345 kV: Transition joints are needed to connect laminar insulation cables to extruded dielectric systems at voltages up to 345 kV. CIGRE WG B1.24 is in process of defining test regimes for transition joints and associated cables for type, routine, sample and after-laying tests. This task would: Investigate and assess prior EPRI/ConEd/ABB transition joint development

work Work with cable accessory manufacturers to develop transmission joints

that would be smaller, cheaper and more reliable for voltage levels up to 345 kV.




Project Set Summary

Asset Management for Substations


Managing the substation assets remains a key focus within the Substations program. It addresses management of the aging population of power transformers and load tap changers (LTCs), breakers and other components from the aspect of diagnostics, monitoring, online condition assessment, life management and developing maintenance strategies. It also addresses substation maintenance from a holistic perspective. It starts with asset performance and risk requirements, current practices, and techniques. It establishes best-of-breed practices and then applies those practices to specific equipment. This in turn drives the required sensor, inspection, data collection, equipment models, equipment assessment, and maintenance and risk mitigation actions.


P37.001 Transformer End-of-Life and Condition Assessment

Effective transformer life management via novel condition-monitoring techniques and new algorithms for turning that condition-monitoring data into actions.

P37.002 Transformer Life Extension This project provides a mix of field tools and forensics analysis to extend transformer life and improve decision making on these critical substation devices.

P37.003 Maintenance, Condition Assessment and Life Extension Guidelines for Substation Equipment

Provide practical reference material for integrated and consistent best-practice actions for maintenance, condition assessment, and life-extension activities for substation equipment.

P37.004 Risk Mitigation and Maintenance Strategies for Substation Equipment

Analytics for Substations Asset Performance: Development of data models and analytics which combine condition information with fundamental understanding of the equipment to provide decision support for improved performance and risk management.

P37.005 Integrated Monitoring and Diagnostics

This project provides immediate and comprehensive knowledge of substation sensors and fast tracks examination of new sensors from other industries in the EPRI Sensor Laboratory, allowing for confident decision making on potential substation applications.

P37.006 Industry-wide Equipment Performance Database

This project builds and maintains a unique, independent repository and analysis tools to collect and analyze equipment performance data to provide information that supports maintenance and asset management decisions.

P37.007 Balance of Substation – Inspection, Assessment and Maintenance Strategies

Balance-of-substation inspection, assessment and maintenance strategies.

P37.012 Circuit Breakers Condition Assessment and Life Extension

This project assesses the life-cycle performance of power circuit breakers which is, to a large degree, determined by the performance of constituent materials and components such as pumps, compressors, control valves, mechanisms and lubricants, O-rings, seals, gaskets, relays and controls. The project also catalogues and develops maintenance practices to address aging circuit breaker components.





P37.013 Using Relays and Metering Data for Circuit Breaker Diagnostics

Microprocessor protective relays already installed for fault protection are connected to signals from circuit breakers, and can monitor the operation of breakers in normal service. The relays include ac measurements and programmable logic that can be configured to detect operating or timing problems, and flag breakers for maintenance attention before a breaker failure. Project investigators are cataloging specific breaker problems and detection methods, developing the breaker and system programming, and working with utility participants on the practical challenges of deployment across fleets of relays and breakers. When developed, these diagnostic tools will also support performance information gathering for breaker population asset management.

P37.001 Transformer End-of-Life and Condition Assessment (062154)


There is an increasing need for electricity companies to use assets to their fullest while maintaining system reliability. In this environment, management of the aging population of power transformers has become the most critical issue facing today's substation managers and engineers. Central to transformer management are effective transformer diagnostics, condition assessment, and knowledge retention and transfer. This project addresses these key issues through three focused themes and a multi-year plan of tasks to support those themes.

Approach

Each year, results are delivered through tasks performed to address three broad themes. The stability in the themes supports a clear multi-year plan approach. Members have two distinct areas of influence on the multi-year plan: in the selection of themes, and in the prioritization of the annual tasks that support these themes. The themes that steer this project are: Copper Book (EPRI Power Transformer Guidebook) Development: In 2011, EPRI plans to add three

chapters to the Copper Book. In each year of development, work-to-date is published to allow members to use the materials as they are produced. The ultimate goal is a comprehensive reference book that can be used by members responsible for all aspects of transformer operation, maintenance, procurement, and life-cycle management. It can be used as a training aid and a repository for all pertinent information on transformer ownership. The electronic version includes applets that perform some of the more common calculations necessary for transformer management.

Develop and Demonstrate New Condition-Monitoring Sensors and Techniques: Under this theme, EPRI conducts research on improved techniques for assessing transformer condition. The research develops new transformer diagnostic tools and evaluates existing hardware and software for transformer and LTC condition assessment. The project develops specialized sensor hardware to provide insights into transformer health that are not obtainable using traditional techniques.

Develop and Demonstrate Tools to Convert Transformer Data into Useful Information for Action: Under this theme, EPRI uses the knowledge and experience of the world's leading transformer engineers to develop actionable information from data gathered through sensing, monitoring and diagnostics techniques.


Impact

Enables effective transformer life management via condition-monitoring techniques and their application. Advances detection and analytical techniques for evaluation of partial discharges, acoustic emissions,

vibration, and dissolved gasses in oil in transformers and LTCs for better decision making. Through the Copper Book, this project produces the first comprehensive collection of transformer

knowledge designed specifically for utility owners and operators.


Substation engineers, designers, and operations and maintenance personnel can use this project's results to obtain complete information about the condition of a transformer, enabling them to make decisions on the disposition of transformers without additional consultation, testing, and analysis. Results will take the form of hardware, software, and guidebooks. The Copper Book will be a comprehensive reference book that can be used by utility personnel responsible for all aspects of transformer operation, maintenance, procurement, and life-cycle management. It will be used as a training aid and as a repository for all pertinent information on transformer ownership. The electronic version will include applets that will be used to perform some of the more common calculations necessary for transformer management.

2011 Products



Novel Sensors for Transformer Diagnosis: This deliverable presents new transformer diagnostic tools and evaluates existing hardware and software for transformer and LTC condition assessment


EPRI Copper Book Development - Additional Chapters: In this deliverable EPRI plans to add three chapters to the Copper Book. In 2011, the work-to-date is published to allow members to use the materials as they are produced.


Converting transformer data into action - field-proved algorithm development: This deliverable will use the knowledge and experience of the world's leading transformer engineers to develop actionable information from data gathered through sensing, monitoring and diagnostics techniques that are in pilot field trials at member utilities.





Novel Sensors for Transformer Diagnosis - Integration of new sensor data into utility infrastructures: This deliverable presents new transformer diagnostic tools and evaluates existing hardware and software for transformer and LTC condition assessment

Technical Update

EPRI Copper Book Development - Additional Chapters: In this deliverable EPRI plans to add two further chapters to the Copper Book. In 2012, the work-to-date will be published to allow members to use the materials as they are produced.

Technical Update



P37.002 Transformer Life Extension (058559)


A structured life extension program can help energy companies make informed decisions on maintenance, replacement or refurbishment, as well as operating practices to ensure safe, reliable, and cost-effective transformer use.

Approach

This project has three broad themes in Transformer Life Extension that guide the research. The stability in the themes supports a clear, multi-year plan approach. The themes that steer this project are: Research into new markers in the oil, to improve estimates of remaining life: Improved estimates of

a transformer's remaining life offer significant financial and reliability benefits. EPRI is researching new markers in the oil that hold the potential for large improvements in the accuracy of paper life estimates. The research has progressed from paper studies through to laboratory trials. In 2011, research will move to the first of the field pilots.

Application of novel online filtration materials and techniques: New research has demonstrated the possibility for online filtration of oxygen and moisture without the need for cartridge replacements. In 2011, EPRI research will take the successes gained in the laboratory into the field for further pilot trials on members' transformers.

Forensics Library: EPRI research examines failed units that have aged to full maturity (i.e., excluding design, materials, or workmanship flaws). The resulting forensics library provides members with new insights into likely end-of-life scenarios for the increasing population of aging transformers. Each forensic study includes both the physical evidence of the internal inspection and the life history of the unit, including historical test information, monitored data, and loading. EPRI’s collaborative approach to this research will bring multiple members’ forensics to the study, allowing far more rapid development of typical failure and aging mechanisms. Presently these valuable lessons are often lost after a unit is retired. EPRI’s research in this area will capture and share this vital knowledge. This multi-year effort will be paced by access to transformer failures and historical data. Each year will produce an updated library based on all prior investigations.

Impact

The impacts of this research include: Improved estimates of the remaining life of transformers Extended transformer life through application of novel filtration materials and techniques New insights into likely end-of-life scenarios for the increasing population of aging transformers Improved decision making on replacement or refurbishment of transformers.


Research results have been structured to allow for ready application by members. In the case of the online filtration research, EPRI is demonstrating the results through pilots in member substations. The results are shared with the broader membership, and the feedback is being incorporated into refined approaches. Forensics Library results will be made available in an easily searchable format that will enable members to rapidly focus on the forensic studies that directly relate to their particular situations.

2011 Products



New tracer compounds to estimate transformer life on-line: In this deliverable, EPRI will present the research on new markers in the oil that hold the potential for large improvements in the accuracy of paper life estimates.







EPRI Forensics Library of aged transformers: In the deliverable EPRI will issue the latest library update providing members with new insights into likely end-of-life scenarios for the increasing population of aging transformers.


New materials and filtration technologies to extend transformer life: laboratory studies and early field experiences: Under this deliverable EPRI will present research to demonstrate the possibility for online filtration of oxygen and moisture without the need for cartridge replacements. The results will present both laboratory and field trial findings.





New tracer compounds to estimate transformer life on-line - field trials: In this deliverable, EPRI will present the field trial results on new markers in the oil that hold the potential for large improvements in the accuracy of paper life estimates.

Technical Update

Extension of the Forensics Library of aged transformers: In the deliverable EPRI will issue the 2012 library update providing members with new insights into likely end-of-life scenarios for the increasing population of aging transformers.

Technical Update

New materials and technologies to extend transformer life: Pilot trials: Under this deliverable EPRI will present pilot field trial research results on online filtration of oxygen and moisture without the need for cartridge replacements.

Technical Update

P37.003 Maintenance, Condition Assessment and Life Extension Guidelines for Substation Equipment (062155)


Utility companies need to obtain maximum value from their assets—both current performance and future service life—while fully utilizing dwindling technical staff and limited financial resources. In this environment, an organization's success partly depends on the availability and usability of up-to-date knowledge, data, procedures, and best-of-breed or recommended practices for substation equipment maintenance, condition assessment, and life extension. New engineers, or those reassigned to different job functions, face a steep learning curve in developing and implementing a substation equipment maintenance and asset management program. Time-constrained maintenance personnel and asset managers need to quickly locate and access the know-how and procedures stored in the industry's collective memory. Much valuable information is subject to loss upon the retirement or departure of experienced personnel. Cost-effectively developing a user-friendly, easily updatable reference source requires addressing the following needs: Capturing key knowledge that utilities would loose as a result of an aging workforce Capturing the industry’s best practices in inspection, monitoring, maintenance, and equipment diagnostics Organizing a self-learning repository for new hires and employees in transition Ensuring that the material contains the most current practice and standards.


Approach

This project develops an industry reference guide that will gather and distill information on practical aspects of equipment life extension, including condition assessment, field tests, and corrective maintenance. The reference guide develops practical reference sources for: Substation operations and maintenance personnel, including task selection and resource allocation Engineers in transition, including equipment behavior and understanding techniques Provide inputs to utility job aid and training program development.

To ensure that the reference guide contains latest technical developments and addresses relevant needs, a utility user group facilitates ongoing content review, updating, and expansion. Another task in this project focuses on enhancing the usability and accessibility of technical content. This is accomplished through technology transfer by developing field guides, workshop seminars, and electronic media. Based on priorities assigned by utility advisors, 2011 tasks will develop a field guide for visual inspection of substation equipment.

Impact

Improve Reliability and Reduce Applied O&M: Provide a readily accessible source of information that can contribute to reduced life-cycle costs while enabling improvement in the reliability of critical equipment and help optimize a maintenance program. Knowledge Retention/Training: Provide a centralized knowledge repository to serve as an on-the-job training tool for new recruits to help them accelerate their learning in the area of substation equipment maintenance. Knowledge Retention/Application: Offer a user-friendly and regularly updated reference support tool to help asset and maintenance personnel carry out their work in the most cost-effective and efficient manner.


Asset managers, operations and maintenance supervisors and staff, and experts on equipment technical subjects can use the results of this project to better understand and implement best practices in substation equipment life extension, maintenance, and condition assessment. The revised and updated versions of the life-extension guidelines can be accessed as annually issued hard copy "color book" versions, and also as a series of field guides developed as a result of needs assessment. In addition, EPRI will continue to offer technology transfer services to help utilities implement the practices identified in the technical reports.

2011 Products



New Versions of Guidelines for the Life Extension of Substation Equipment: This guide is specifically designed to assist substation owners with their responsibility to operate and maintain equipment. This guide helps members initiate a new maintenance, condition, or life-extension program, or refine an existing one. Existing technical content is reviewed annually and updated to reflect advancements. New sections on equipment and technologies will be added as appropriate.


Learning Modules through Workshop or Webinars: Self-paced learning modules will be developed around either maintenance or condition-assessment methodologies or technologies. The technology will be transferred to funding members through a workshop or web seminars.







New Pictorial Guide: This field guide will present selected material from life extension guidelines in formats suitable for field personnel. Many members are distributing these guides to field personnel, and they are becoming an integral component of their maintenance, condition assessment, and life extension programs. The guides also serve as an important training aid.





New Versions of Guidelines for the Life Extension of Substation Equipment: This guide is specifically designed to assist substation owners with their responsibility to operate and maintain equipment. This guide helps members initiate a new maintenance, condition, or life-extension program, or refine an existing one. New sections on equipment and technologies will be added.


Future Learning Modules through Workshop or Webinars: Learning modules will continue to be developed around either maintenance or condition-assessment methodologies or technologies. The technology will be transferred to funders through a workshop or web seminars.


P37.004 Risk Mitigation and Maintenance Strategies for Substation Equipment (058560)


Best practice maintenance decisions for minimizing equipment life-cycle costs are based upon risks associated with actual equipment condition and performance. There are four key steps involved: understanding existing performance, understanding required performance, projecting future performance, and understanding how to bridge gaps. Ongoing R&D efforts are focused on developing condition assessment algorithms to understand existing performance and project future performance for transformers and circuit breakers. This research will enhance decision making confidence and results, providing the ability to: Ensure optimal allocation of limited resources and selection of the most appropriate O&M tasks. Forecast reliability, manage the risk of deferring maintenance, and identify assets that deserve more

attention in relation to others in a fleet. Quantify the value of performance improvements resulting from investments made in equipment

monitoring, maintenance, or replacement. Evaluate risk moving forward (compared to “current state” evaluation) and determine the impact of

incremental dollars added or subtracted from the “current state” maintenance and investment portfolio. Collectively, the suite of algorithms serves as the framework for Analytics for Substation Asset Performance.

Approach

This project conducts research with the goal of providing continually improved decision-support methodologies for substation equipment asset managers. It is envisioned that the development will lead to an integrated framework for asset risk assessment, mitigation and performance improvement: Analytics for Substation Asset Performance.


To realize the envisioned, research is executed through the following tasks.

1. Define data requirements and availability, 2. Develop methods using readily available data to assess equipment performance based on current

condition 3. Develop tools for risk assessment - evaluate risk moving forward (compared to "current state"

assessment), 4. Link risk assessments with decision support for mitigation, and 5. Develop tools to track and gauge the effectiveness of risk mitigation and maintenance strategy changes.

The resulting development provides a holistic method which is documented in a reference guide. Substation equipment asset managers can use this method for improved decision support in several key areas - for example,

6. Maintenance strategy development - repair, replace, refurbish, 7. Understand emergent issues in the equipment fleet, 8. Spares strategy, 9. Identify needs for condition monitoring.

Impact

Reduces overall maintenance costs, forecasts O&M cash flow, minimizes unplanned expenses, and maximizes the benefit and value of planned work.

Improves reliability and availability via reduced reliance on time-based maintenance by using analytics based on asset health and condition analysis to determine maintenance actions.

Enables more effective use of existing infrastructure and data as well as efficient use of maintenance personnel to manage operational risk.


Project participants will work with a group of equipment and maintenance experts to collect pertinent data that helps define performance metrics and models for relevant equipment. Funders can then use developed algorithms, key performance indicators (KPIs), and ranking methodologies in close coordination with other equipment-focused projects. Funders can also use products to test and validate end-of-life models being pursued in other equipment-focused projects.

2011 Products



Equipment Risk and Performance Assessment - 2011 Update: This project will develop a reference guide for Substation Equipment Asset Managers. The purpose of this guide is to provide a holistic approach that can be used by Substation Equipment Asset Managers in risk based decision support in several key areas - for example: 1. Maintenance strategy development - repair, replace, refurbish, 2. Understand emergent issues in the equipment fleet, 3. Spares strategy, 4. Identify needs for condition monitoring. The 2011 technical update documents advances in methodology development, adds new results, case studies and findings as the development progresses. The following aspects of methodology development will be addressed: 5. Data requirements and availability,







6. Using readily available data to assess equipment performance based on current condition

7. Risk Assessment Tools - evaluate risk moving forward (compared to "current state" assessment),

8. Linking risk assessments with decision support for mitigation, and 9. Tracking and gauging the effectiveness of risk mitigation and maintenance

strategy changes. Collectively, this work will support intelligent fleet management. Based on current funding levels, this product relies heavily on analysis and case study results of supplemental efforts for the development and testing of the methodology.

Catalogue and Assessment of Industry Maintenance Best Practices for Substation Equipment - 2011 Update: This product will develop and conduct surveys to catalogue and assess current industry practices and procedures, including lessons learned by utility experts, and identify gaps and issues with existing practices. Ongoing efforts focus on key substation equipment: transformers and circuit breakers. Over time, through task force feedback and needs assessment, other substation equipment areas will be identified and added.


Risk Mitigation & Maintenance Strategies Workshop: The workshop transfers research results and provides training on their application. Topics include but are not limited to risk assessment methodologies, maintenance strategies, application examples, and case studies.





Equipment Risk and Performance Assessment: This product will provide methodologies to help project future performance based on current condition and required future performance. It will also provide methodologies for evaluating risk-mitigation measures to help select appropriate actions to achieve a desired cost and reliability, as well as other performance goals. Collectively, this work will support intelligent fleet management.


Catalogue and Assessment of Industry Maintenance Best Practices for Substation Equipment: This product will catalogue and assess current industry practices and procedures, including lessons learned by utility experts, and identify gaps and issues with existing practices. Ongoing efforts focus on key substation equipment: transformers and circuit breakers. Over time, through task force feedback and needs assessment, other substation equipment areas will be identified and added.



P37.005 Integrated Monitoring and Diagnostics (058561)


Utilities are continuously seeking to improve their cost-benefit ratios by reducing human intervention in equipment condition monitoring. Diagnostics and sensors play a strong role. Informed decision making on the array of sensors available—plus the true value they can provide in a substation—are difficult to quantify. This project provides the supporting industry data and research results to make these important decisions.

Approach

Research in this project is built on two broad, guiding themes: Sensor awareness across multiple industries: Any utility attempting to effectively apply sensors in a

substation is faced with the enormous hurdle of first accurately quantifying the entire range of sensors available and then determining how those sensors relate to the substation applications. EPRI expertise in both the sensor and substation realm have enabled the development of a unique database that allows members to rapidly comprehend the full spectrum of options available and make efficient implementation decisions. EPRI is publishing this database in 2010 and will then update it on a regular basis.

Cross-industry sensor research and testing: Substation diagnostics can benefit significantly from sensor developments in other industries (e.g., defense, automotive, space, medical). EPRI's sensor laboratory, partnered with its substation experts, provides a unique test-bed to rapidly evaluate the potential benefits offered by these new sensors. Results will enable the utility industry to effectively gain knowledge from other industries, while collaborative research on the issues will allow for cost-effective and rapid decisions though laboratory simulations that closely mirror conditions in the field.

Impact

Immediate and comprehensive knowledge of substation sensors, currently available and under development.

Fast-track examination of new sensors from other industries in the EPRI Sensor Laboratory, allowing for confident decision making on potential substation applications.

Business case development for substation diagnostics, based on the supporting facts and field experience provided though this project.


Members can apply the results through data-mining of the industry-wide sensor database. Results can support the development of effective business cases for substation diagnostics. Members can further validate their business decisions through the laboratory research results in the EPRI Sensor laboratory, which is designed to closely simulate the field environment.

2011 Products



Evaluation of sensor developments from multiple industries 12/31/11 Technical Update

2011 Substation Sensor Database 12/31/11 Software



P37.006 Industry-wide Equipment Performance Database (060471)


Power delivery companies can maximize their return on assets by ensuring that existing equipment is not replaced before it reaches the end of its useful life, while still maintaining reliable system operations. However, without historical performance data of assets with similar characteristics, this task can be difficult. Companies can benefit from an easily accessible repository of industry-wide equipment performance and failure data to more accurately project future performance.

Approach

This project addresses research needs by: Collecting equipment performance and failure data from several utilities to develop an industry-wide

database. This database: 1. Enables statistically valid analysis to determine equipment failure rates and identify "bad actors"

early. 2. Enables the development of other meaningful asset management and equipment performance

metrics. 3. Provides members with aggregated data and information resources not currently available to

individual companies. 4. Provides members with information that is critical in developing repair/replace/refurbish strategies for

aging substation equipment fleets. Developing data models and software applications for analysis. These are developed and presented to

task force advisors for comment and further refinement. Associated supplemental projects may be launched to populate the Industry-wide Equipment Performance Database (IDB) with historical data and develop company-specific applications. Through supplemental project participation, members get customized deliverables that articulate their own fleet performance and provide individual utility failure rates and asset management metrics. The transformer data collection analysis started in 2006, and now contains records on more than 15,000 transformers. The circuit breaker database is under development. Tap changers and other substation equipment will be included in future years.

Impact

Improve management of existing infrastructure using pooled performance and condition-related data from all participating utilities.

Achieve savings by using consistent data sharing and analyses based on industry standards. Enable identification of “bad actors” early, reducing unplanned outages.


Using project results, participants can assess equipment risks and implement risk-informed maintenance and asset management decisions based on industry-wide equipment performance and failure data.



2011 Products



2011 Update: Equipment Performance and Failure Database – Analysis: This product compiles and analyzes the characteristics of the IDB data sets, which will eventually include performance and failure data on transformers, tap changers, circuit breakers, and other substation equipment. The transformer data collection and analysis started in 2006, and now contains records on more than 12,000 transformers. The circuit breaker database is under development. Tap changers and other substation equipment will be added in future years.

12/31/11 Assembled Package

2011 Update: Equipment Performance and Failure Database – Data Subsets: This product develops and tests data models for efficient and effective collection of test, diagnostic, performance, and failure data for use in industry and utility database applications and performance analysis. Data model developments are updated annually. In 2011, data subsets will be released as a function of the characteristics of data collected, suitability of analysis techniques, and application requirements. The definition of these requirements evolves over time with experience accumulated by working with new data sets as they become available. Lessons learned are captured as part of the annually updated and released product. Ongoing research focuses on transformers. Future years' research will develop and add information on data models for tap changers, circuit breakers, and other substation equipment.


2011 Update: Guidelines for failure investigation and root cause analysis: This technical update will provide guidance on performing failure mode and effect analysis. The results can also be used in combination with the Equipment Performance Database and Intelligent Fleet Management methodology to manage reliability and extend life. Transformers, tap changers, circuit breakers, and other substation equipment are included in this product’s multi-year strategy.





New Versions: Equipment Performance and Failure Database – Analysis: This product compiles and analyzes the characteristics of the IDB data sets, which will eventually include performance and failure data for transformers, tap changers, circuit breakers, and other substation equipment. The transformer data collection and analysis started in 2006 and now contains records on more 12,000 transformers. The circuit breaker database is under development. Tap changers and other substation equipment will be added in future years.


New Versions: Equipment Performance and Failure Database – Data Subsets: This product will develop and test data models for efficient and effective collection of test, diagnostic, performance, and failure data for use in industry and utility database application and performance analysis. Data model developments are updated annually. In future years, data subsets will be released as a function of the characteristics of data collected, suitability of analysis techniques, and application requirements. The definition of these requirements evolves over time with experience accumulated by working with new data sets as they become available. Lessons learned are captured as part of the annually updated and released product. Ongoing research focuses on transformers. Future years' research will develop and add information on data models for tap changers, circuit breakers, and other substation equipment.




P37.007 Balance of Substation – Inspection, Assessment and Maintenance Strategies (065593)


Increasing the reliability, safety, and life of substation equipment requires timely and effective maintenance based on accurate inspection and knowledge of equipment condition. To achieve these objectives, personnel need to understand the balance of substation equipment, their degradation and failure modes, and current industry inspection and assessment practices. Availability of new technology, coupled with a loss of institutional knowledge, heightens the challenge facing substation owners. Engineering and maintenance staffs need to remain abreast of the latest inspection developments and assessment techniques to be able to select the appropriate course for their particular circumstances. In addition, field personnel need field tools and training to ensure that correct and consistent decisions are made.

Approach

Balance of Substation includes all components and assets in the Substation other than Transformers and Circuit Breakers. To address these issues, this project does the following: Builds on 2010 research and maintains a "living" needs assessment and R&D roadmap to identify and

address outstanding issues for balance-of-substation equipment. Develops specific guidance for balance-of-substation equipment: disconnect switches (manual and motor

operated), CTs, VTs, capacitor banks, and ground switches. For each of these equipment types, ongoing research,

Develops a better understanding of associated fundamental issues such as design, vintage and type issues, failure mechanisms, and degradation modes. Better understanding of failure modes and degradation mechanisms: Provides ability to use such information to develop operation, maintenance, and diagnostic

techniques for the associated equipment. Assists with the development of fleet management methodologies, Identify triggers and thresholds for initiating appropriate maintenance and condition

assessment tasks, Identify needs for additional condition monitoring and Improve specification and procurement practices.

With a reasonable effort to enhance and fine-tune, applicable research in other equipment areas can be adapted and applied to ongoing R&D in the Balance of Substation project. One example is the impact of contamination on insulator performance. In 2011, this project will adapt this work so that it can be applied in Substations.

Impact

Reduces overall maintenance costs, projects O&M cash flow, minimizes unplanned expenses, and maximizes the benefit and value of planned work.

Improves reliability and availability via reduced reliance on time-based maintenance by using asset health and condition analysis to determine maintenance actions.

Enables more effective use of existing infrastructure and data and efficient use of maintenance personnel to manage operational risk.


Using project results, participants can detect equipment risks early and implement risk-informed maintenance and asset management decisions based on industry-wide best practices and the most advanced techniques. Results will facilitate knowledge retention and aid in training personnel.



2011 Products



Balance of Substation – Equipment Specific Condition Assessment and Life Extension Techniques: This technical update will develop specific guidance for balance-of-substation equipment: disconnect switches (manual and motor operated), CTs, VTs, capacitor banks, and ground switches. For each of these equipment types, the research task,

Develops a better understanding of associated fundamental issues such as design, vintage and type issues, failure mechanisms, and degradation modes.

Better understanding of failure modes and degradation mechanisms: Provides ability to use such information to develop operation,

maintenance, and diagnostic techniques for the associated equipment.

Assists with the development of fleet management methodologies, Identifies triggers and thresholds for initiating appropriate

maintenance and condition assessment tasks, Identifies needs for additional condition monitoring and Improve specification and procurement practices.

The 2011 research will continue 2010 efforts on disconnect switches. If funds permit, other equipment for balance-of-substation will be addressed using a similar approach. Information provided in this product will continue to build on the previous year's research.


The impact of contaminated environment on insulator performance: Insulators in substations are subject to a variety of harsh environmental conditions and often operate in contaminated environments. This report explores the impact of contaminated environment on insulator performance and provides guidance on managing the performance of insulators in contaminated environment.





Balance of Substation – Equipment Specific Condition Assessment and Life Extension Techniques: This technical update will develop specific guidance for balance-of-substation equipment: disconnect switches (manual and motor operated), CTs, VTs, capacitor banks, and ground switches. For each of these equipment types, participants will gain better understanding of associated fundamental issues such as design, vintage and type issues, failure mechanisms, and degradation mode. Members will also gain the ability to use this information to develop operation, maintenance, and diagnostic techniques for the associated equipment. Information provided in this product will continue to build on the previous year's research. Specific equipment areas will be addressed through a prioritized list of equipment developed working with the Task Force.




P37.012 Circuit Breakers Condition Assessment and Life Extension (058562)


The life-cycle performance of power circuit breakers is, to a large degree, determined by the performance of constituent materials and components. Some deterioration (e.g., linkages and interrupter) is not time dependent, while the rate of deterioration of lubricants and seals is. Together, these elements drive the requirements for maintenance and refurbishment. Despite the importance of these issues, utilities have little quantifiable data or a complete understanding of breaker material and subsystem performance to enable cost-effective methods for instituting condition-based maintenance or selecting work practices and tasks.

Approach

To address these needs, this project will undertake the following: Characterization of aging circuit breaker components such as pumps, compressors, control valves, mechanisms and lubricants, O-rings, seals, gaskets, relays and controls: Collect and analyze field-aged samples of circuit breaker components to determine degradation and

effective life Catalogue examples or samples of utility lubrication-related problems or parts failures Define and quantify HVCB lubrication technical issues Characterize possible consequences on breaker performance of degraded components and lubricants

(e.g., slow trip, abnormal mechanism wear, compressor/pump failures). Assessment of industry best practices: Gather information about current practices for maintaining and lubricating power circuit breaker

mechanisms and equipment such as compressors, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, control relays, and switches.

Combine knowledge gained about circuit breaker and disconnect-switch lubrication to develop: A quantitative understanding of aging and deterioration rates Expected life of circuit breaker component materials and subsystems Enhanced cost-effective methods for implementing a condition-based maintenance approach.

Impact

Avoid capital investment for replacement breakers via more effective maintenance of existing assets. Increase reliability through improved circuit breaker operations as a result of enhanced maintenance

effectiveness and better condition assessment.


Project funders can use project results to implement more effective circuit breaker maintenance programs.



2011 Products



2011 Update: Report on power circuit breaker components and sub-system degradation modes: This product builds on research done in 2010 and adds new information to summarize the results of ongoing research into characterizing aging circuit breaker components such as pumps, compressors, control valves, mechanisms and lubricants, O-rings, seals, gaskets, relays and controls. It will: Provide guidelines to collect and analyze field-aged samples of circuit

breaker components to determine degradation and effective life Summarize testing methods and approaches, and report test results Catalogue examples or samples of utility lubrication-related problems or

parts failures Define and quantify HVCB lubrication technical issues Characterize the possible consequences on breaker performance of

degraded components and lubricants (e.g., slow trip, abnormal mechanism wear, compressor/pump failures).


New Versions of Pictorial Field Guides - Power circuit breaker component degradation assessment: New versions of pictorial field guides will use results from ongoing studies to characterize the aging of circuit breaker components and provide application-specific guidance in a pocket guide format for utility field staff. Existing versions of two field guides—HVCB Lubrication and HVCB Pumps, Compressors and Control Valves—will be updated with new material.


HVCB Life Management Workshop: An annual workshop that will include tutorials on the material contained in the project's products, presentations on utility experiences, and examples of the application of the project’s results.





2011 Update: Report on power circuit breaker components and sub-system degradation modes: This product builds on research done in 2010 and adds new information to summarize the results of ongoing research into characterizing aging circuit breaker components such as pumps, compressors, control valves, mechanisms and lubricants, O-rings, seals, gaskets, relays and controls. It will: Provide guidelines to collect and analyze field-aged samples of circuit

breaker components to determine degradation and effective life Summarize testing methods and approaches, and report back on test

results Catalogue examples and samples of utility lubrication-related problems or

parts failures Define and quantify HVCB lubrication technical issues Characterize the possible consequences on breaker performance of

degraded components and lubricants (e.g., slow trip, abnormal mechanism wear, compressor/pump failures).




P37.013 Using Relays and Metering Data for Circuit Breaker Diagnostics (060478)


The widespread use of microprocessor-based protective relays has led to interest in better understanding a number of issues related to their possible application for circuit breaker condition monitoring and maintenance, such as: Practical benefits and limitations of programming relays for diagnosis and reporting, or alarming of circuit

breaker condition. Helpfulness of relay data for discovering breaker malfunctions requiring maintenance, and for gathering

breaker population performance information for asset management. Ability to communicate useful diagnostic data, either raw or processed by relay programming, from typical

transmission and delivery substations. How to process communicated relay data into maintenance work orders and asset management extracts. Practical challenges in deploying relay program templates for breaker diagnosis, as well as accessing

and using collected data and results.

Approach

The focus of this project is to combine knowledge of circuit breaker diagnostics, characteristics, and malfunctions with an understanding of the analytic capabilities of microprocessor relays already connected for protection tasks to develop a seamless approach to breaker diagnostics and maintenance. The practical breaker diagnostic tools comprise a combination of programming in relays and data gathering by communications with relays. The proposed research program includes: Deploying logic templates and breaker condition reporting tools to the field in relay fleets of participating

utilities. Commissioning installations, and integrating alarms and report gathering. Analyzing initial results from the circuit breaker fleet and adjusting settings to distinguish reportable timing

or performance issues of breakers. Collecting results of relay-based maintenance programs, including feedback from utility field engineering

and maintenance staff. Creating a project report that documents available field experience and results, and recommends further

steps with utilities and vendors. Developing a knowledge base or field guide for circuit breaker diagnostics using relay data. This effort's

timing depends on the level of project support, implementation progress, and available results.

Impact

Using the programmability and breaker diagnostics in relays, and integrating this capability with maintenance programs as proposed in this ongoing project, may offer: Improved breaker reliability via repairs carried out before breaker failures. Appropriate population maintenance program development, focusing field crew efforts on real problems

and reducing unneeded maintenance. Improved utilization of installed assets; for example, modern protective relays have an innate monitoring

capability, which is not widely used today. Support of a business case for replacing aging electromechanical relay populations with modern,

programmable microprocessor relays. Advances in design features of relays for breaker diagnostics, leading to easier and better field

implementations at utilities.




Project members can directly use or adapt tools and logic templates documented in project results to create practical implementations of breaker problem diagnosis and reporting with their own microprocessor relays. With these tools, they can more efficiently and effectively maintain breaker fleets, utilizing the value of capital investment in relays already installed nearby.

2011 Products



Field Experiences of using Relay Data for Circuit Breaker Diagnostics: The technical report will contain the following: An overview of the relay logic development and deployment program. Relay logic templates and settings, and breaker condition reporting tools,

as developed for use at participating utilities, with technical explanations and documentation.

Experiences with commissioning installations and report gathering. Analysis of field results from pilot installations on circuit breaker fleets,

including adjustment of logic and settings to distinguish reportable performance issues of breakers.

Discussion of feedback and experience from utility field engineering and maintenance staff.

Recommendations for further steps. Depending on support level and available results, future years' research products will include a knowledge base or field guide for circuit breaker diagnostics using relay data.





Field Experiences of using Relay Data for Circuit Breaker Diagnostics: The technical report will contain the following: An overview of the relay logic development and deployment program. Relay logic templates, and settings and breaker condition reporting tools,

as developed for use at participating utilities, with technical explanations and documentation.

Experiences with commissioning installations and report gathering. Analysis of field results from pilot installations on circuit breaker fleets,

including adjustment of logic and settings to distinguish reportable performance issues of breakers.

Discussion of feedback and experience from utility field engineering and maintenance staff.

Recommendations for further steps. Depending on support level and available results, future years' research products will include a knowledge base or field guide for circuit breaker diagnostics using relay data.




Project Set Summary

Asset Management for Distribution


This project set is designed to help utility asset managers by providing component reliability and infrastructure inspection-assessment information and knowledge. Laboratory testing is combined with actual field data to build an industry database and provide a better understanding of component reliability, equipment remaining life, fleet populations, and life cycle cost.


P180.003 Component Reliability This project builds and maintains an industry equipment reliability and performance database that addresses components, equipment performance, failure characteristics, and fleet populations.

P180.004 Inspection, Diagnostics & Life Extension

This project will provide utility asset managers with distribution system inspection methods, practices and techniques and conduct unbiased technology evaluations of new inspection techniques.

P180.005 Methods for Cable Fleet Management

Develop, adapt, and enhance risk-based research to help identify optimal fleet management strategies for installation, replacement, rejuvenation, and maintenance of underground cable and cable systems.

P180.006 Advanced Cable Diagnostics

This project expands on earlier EPRI work and will build on its collaborative effort and continue to drive the Department of Energy sponsored Cable Diagnostics Focused Initiative (CDFI) with the help and partnership of other industry and utility experts.

P180.015 Sensors This project will evaluate sensor technologies for current and voltage monitoring, as well as equipment diagnostics and asset management.

P180.016 Advanced Meters This project will use a combination of laboratory and field testing to characterize application issues and develop lifetime characteristics of advanced metering equipment.

P180.003 Component Reliability (070610)


Quantifying distribution component reliability can be challenging for utilities, especially without a formal analysis program. The issue becomes more challenging when manufacturers make design and material changes that can have impacts on reliability. Improved understanding of component reliability can be gained through a framework of testing and data collection. This information can then be used to assess unit risk and improve specification, purchasing, operation, and inspection criteria.

Approach

This project focuses on components on an individual basis and builds and maintains an industry database. Laboratory testing is combined with utility survey and field data to enhance the database and provide a better understanding of individual component reliability and operational parameters that affect reliability. The laboratory component of this work features a multi-stress accelerated aging method which includes electrical, mechanical, ultra-violet, salt fog, and flammability testing.



Impact

Optimized distribution component selection, application, and inspection yield: Improved specification and purchasing decisions Enhanced distribution system reliability Reduced distribution system operating costs Improved safety for utility personnel and the general public.


Project results will be delivered in an annual industry workshop, test reports, field references, inspection guides, and other training materials. Results will also be compiled into the Distribution Component Reliability and Specification Guidebook, and members can directly apply this information to enhance their procurement, design, operation, and inspection practices.

2011 Products



Distribution Component Reliability Technical Update: This product will be a Technical Update report and, in addition, all results will be presented at annual industry workshop. Utilities can use these results to enhance their procurement, design, operation, and inspection practices.


P180.004 Inspection, Diagnostics & Life Extension (070611)


Outages caused by failing infrastructure are costly for utilities and end-use customers. Routine inspection programs are one tool that utilities can use to reduce failures on their circuits and minimize customer outages. By identifying problems that need repair before they develop into failures, inspection programs can be a cost-effective method for enhancing the quality and reliability of electric service.

Approach

This work will provide distribution utilities with the necessary information to accurately perform meaningful inspections that will enhance distribution system reliability and operations. This information includes improved methods for performing basic inspections and the development and implementation of new inspection technologies.

Impact

Optimized distribution inspection technologies and procedures yield, Fewer service outages Improved power quality and reliability Reduced outage repair costs


Project results will be delivered in an annual workshop, test reports, field and inspection guides, and other training materials. Results will also be compiled into the Distribution Circuit Inspection and Assessment Guidebook which members can directly apply to enhance their procurement, design, operation, and inspection practices.



2011 Products



Distribution Circuit Inspection and Assessment Technical Update: This product will be a Technical Update report and, in addition, results will be delivered in an industry workshop. This work will provide utility asset managers with distribution system inspection methods, practices and techniques and conduct unbiased technology evaluations of new inspection techniques.


P180.005 Methods for Cable Fleet Management (070613)


Segments of the electric distribution system infrastructure have been in service for nearly, and in some cases beyond their design life. Many companies face substantial future costs to replace aging underground distribution cables and cable systems. Today, utility decisions are made under stringent expense controls, limited capital, and increased public concern about reliability. These factors combine to make well-informed decision making more crucial and yet more elusive than ever. Developing and justifying a replacement management strategy for cable fleet populations, and the rational basis for it, are increasingly important.

Approach

EPRI will conduct research to help identify optimal fleet management strategies for installation, replacement, rejuvenation, and maintenance of underground cable and cable systems. Essential steps in this development include identification of economic and business case scenarios, assessment of the quality and availability of data relevant to these types of problems through detailed work with host utilities, and identification of successful application of cable fleet management methodology concepts.

Impact

Help utility asset managers deal with the problem of aged cable and cable system populations Formulate innovative methodologies to justify investment strategies Ensure effective cable management programs


Underground cable fleet managers can use the results of this project to better understand and improve cable selection, procurement, replacement, rejuvenation, and maintenance strategy.

2011 Products



Underground Distribution Cable Fleet Management: This product will be a Technical Update report and, will include, an industry workshop presentation of results. Underground cable fleet managers can use the results of this project to better understand and improve cable selection, procurement, replacement, rejuvenation, and maintenance strategy.




P180.006 Advanced Cable Diagnostics (070614)


North America has a significant underground electric distribution system that is nearing the end of its design and service life. Global replacement of aging underground facilities is not an option, and utilities require better diagnostic methods, technologies, and tools to assess the condition of installed systems. Knowledge of cable condition provides utilities with a basis for implementing a staged rejuvenation or replacement program over a number of years and helps them avoid unpredictable peaks and unexpected rises in costs associated with increasing failure rates. The utility industry has focused on cable diagnostics for many years, but is still facing uncertainty and confusion regarding the effectiveness and accuracy of cable diagnostic testing techniques and methods.

Approach

This project expands on a body of earlier EPRI work on diagnostics methods and approaches. Recently completed research on diagnostic test methods reveals the potential of new methods. Techniques such as Line Resonance Analysis (LIRA), when combined with conventional partial discharge and dissipation-factor diagnostic techniques, could enhance the prediction of future performance and service life of hybrid cable circuits. EPRI intends to expand the scope of this project and will build on its collaborative effort and continue to drive the Department of Energy sponsored Cable Diagnostics Focused Initiative (CDFI).

Impact

Delivers technology and case study reviews Provides methods to establish the condition state of aged extruded distribution cables Enables prioritization of cable replacement, minimizing the present value cost of cable replacement

programs Fosters improved reliability through enhanced knowledge of the condition states of installed underground

assets and active replacement of those with the least remaining life


Utility engineers will be able to apply information from webcasts and workshops on cable diagnostics.

2011 Products



Advanced Cable Diagnostics: This product will be a Technical Update report and, in addition, results delivered to members in an industry workshop. Members will gain access to, and have a full understanding of the emerging results of the Department of Energy sponsored Cable Diagnostics Focused Initiative (CDFI) as well as EPRI directed complimentary research.


P180.015 Sensors (070627)


The smart distribution system is built around a variety of sensors that provide equipment diagnostics and enable real-time smart applications. These sensors must be low cost to allow widespread deployment, and they must incorporate communications that will allow integration with the smart distribution system infrastructure. Existing measurement potential transformers (PT) and current transformers (CT) can be costly and often lack integrated communications. Equipment diagnostics and asset management applications require a variety of new sensors to assess asset health continually and report on important characteristics.



Approach

This project builds on preliminary work being conducted though EPRI's Technology Innovation initiative to characterize a variety of sensor technologies that could become part of the smart distribution system in both overhead and underground applications. The project focuses on actual field assessments of new sensor and transducer technologies with integrated communications. The project will assess the technologies, application issues, and integration with distribution management systems.

Impact

Understanding and assessing the performance of new sensor technologies that can be part of smart distribution systems

Development of application guidelines for new sensor technologies Enabling integration of new sensor technologies with overall distribution management systems


Members will gain an understanding of new sensor technologies Members will understand the benefits and limitations of important new sensor technologies, and will

receive application guidelines from actual field experiences New sensor technologies must be integrated with overall distribution management systems, and can

provide the basis for new real-time system performance optimization Members will get a head start on developing and implementing these advanced applications through

documentation of sensor functionality, accuracy, and applications

2011 Products



Distribution Sensors: This product will be a Technical Update report and will evaluate sensor technologies for current and voltage monitoring, as well as equipment diagnostics and asset management.


P180.016 Advanced Meters (070628)


Many utilities are in the process of evaluating and deploying advanced metering technologies. These technologies will become part of the smart distribution system of the future. However, utilities still have limited experience with important application issues associated with these new meter technologies in field applications. Utilities need to understand important field applications, environmental performance characteristics, and the technology's ability to withstand voltage and current variations.

Approach

This project focuses on evaluating application issues for advanced meters that will become part of the smart distribution system. It will use a combination of laboratory testing and actual field performance assessments to develop conclusions about advanced meter capabilities, application issues and lifetime characteristics. This research has a number of important parts: Environmental testing in the laboratory. This project will use accelerated lifetime tests to understand the

ability of advanced meters to withstand environmental conditions over the long-term.




Voltage and current testing in the laboratory. This project includes testing both the communications interfaces for the meters as well as voltage and current monitoring performance under adverse conditions.

Characterization of the effect of harmonics and power factor on meter accuracy. Future meters may need to characterize customer impacts on harmonic distortion and power factor. This feature will require the ability to characterize customer load and generation accurately for both fundamental and harmonic conditions. Laboratory testing will characterize meter performance for non-sinusoidal conditions and for characterizing load power factor.

Evaluation of important field application issues and performance through experience of initial advanced metering deployments.

Advanced meters will need to continue to operate during power outages, to provide functionality for smart distribution systems (e.g., integration with outage management systems). The project will evaluate super capacitor battery performance and meter performance during and following outages.

Impact

Understand new application and issues for advanced meters as they are integrated with smart distribution systems.

Understand the expected lifetime for advanced meters for planning and budgeting of maintenance and replacement plans.

Understand the performance of advanced meters during transients and for characterizing harmonics and power factor. These could be important functions in the smart distribution system.

Understand the impact of integrated communications with advanced meters on application issues (such as lifetime, maintenance requirements, and installation issues)


Members will be able to develop more accurate budgets and plans for advanced meter deployments. Members will be able to develop better plans for integrating advanced meters with smart distribution

systems by understanding important application issues and meter limitations.

2011 Products



Advanced Meter Application Issues Assessment: This product will be a Technical Update report and will document laboratory and field testing to characterize application issues and develop lifetime characteristics of advanced metering equipment.


Documents

Asset Management -- 2011 Portfoliomydocs.epri.com/docs/Portfolio/PDF/2011_PDU_VP2.pdf · Document best maintenance practices and provide hands-on field guides Applications guides