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ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANITARIAN CONSTRUCTION.A case study from school reconstruction project in Haiti.
24.05.2012 Shelter Meeting 12a Matti Kuittinen, Finn Church Aid / Aalto University
Who are we?
• The largest NGO in Finland working in development cooperation, second-largest in humanitarian assistance
• Programs in 30 countries
• Staff: 100 (HQ) + 85 (field)
• 31 million euros for aid and other operations (2011)
• A member of the ACT Alliance, one of the largest aid agency networks in the world
• Leading university in Finland
• 6 schools with 17 000 students and 300 professors
• Strong multi-disciplinary education and research
• Department of Architecture has strong emphasis on sustainable construction
• Humanitarian issues are an emerging research field
In this presentation
PROCESSQUALITY
CARBON FOOTPRINT
SCHOOL RECONSTRUCTION IN HAITI RECYCLING
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
FCAOPERATIONAREA
316.000 dead
300.000 injured
1.5 million homeless
250.000 homes
30.000 public buildings
4.000 schools
low school attendance rate
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
120TEMPORARY SCHOOL TENTS
240TRANSITIONAL SCHOOLS
50PERMANENT SCHOOL CENTRES> 200 BUILDINGS
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Our permanent school model is very simple and designed to fit in local built environment
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
The basic school units can be applied in different combinations that best fit to the site
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Structures are dimensioned for:
•Wind loads: 150 mph (hurricane class 4)
•Earth quake: 8 richter
•Calculations are based on Canadian Building Code and Eurocode 5 and 8 (approved for reconstruction in Haiti)
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Photo © Zara Järvinen
Consulting Engineers of Ontario Humanitarian Award 2012
ACT AllicanceClimate Award 2011Silver medal
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
North American Wood Award2011
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
20 million cubic metres of rubble
1 000 truck loads, 1 000 days
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
RING BEAMREINFORCED CONCRETE
SHEAR WALLSREINFORCED CONCRETE
RECYCLED RUBBLEBETWEEN THE COLUMNS
LOAD-BEARING COLUMNSREINFORCED CONCRETE
ROOF TRUSSESPRESERVED TIMBER
STUCCO ON TOP OF THERUBBLE MASONRY
FOUNDATION AND FLOORREINFORCED CONCRETE
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
filling the gabions with rubble
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Suitable for cash-for-work programme
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Rubble
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
WHY SHOULD WE CARE ABOUT CARBON FOOTPRINT?
The amount of refugees is likely to reach400 millions ... 1 billion by year 2050
The increase of refugees likely leads into certain
increase in humanitarian construction.
At the same time, the world is trying to
keep global warming within 2 degrees.
Globally, the construction sector causes around 40% of greenhouse gas emissions.
ISSUE:How can we provide the refugees with decent
shelter without increasing the global warming?
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
RESULTS FROM CARBON FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT
Concrete blocks
Clay bricks
Recycled rubble concrete
Sources of carbon footprint Comparison: Same school in different materials
Carbon emissions 47.818 kg CO2-eq.
Carbon storage 6.899 kg of CO2-eq.
Total carbon footprint 40.918 kg of CO2-eq.
Calculation
System boundary: •Load-bearing frame and finishes included•Only material emissions included•Design service life: 100 years•Replacement of vulnerable components 2-3 x per DSL
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
CHALLENGES IN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
Chart: Source and copyright CEN / EN15978
No referencedata found
Only ”western” reference data found
Biggest impact for life cycle environmental loads
Life-cycle approach
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Set of role-based task lists
Roles:
- Director of int.coop.
- Head of unit
- Country representative
- Project manager
- Architect
- Engineer
- Onsite technical team
- EDU expert
- Legal expert
- Comms expert
- HAT
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
Draft of a ”Task Map”
The full life cycle of a school construction project has been listed into a role-based task map. It contains all relevant stakeholders of the project, shows responsible persons for each part and indicates who should contribute.
Stakeholders are here
Project phases are here
Responsibilities are shown here
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI
BIO GAS COLLECTORS
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
PANELS
?PRIMARY ENERGY
DEMAND OF HUMANITARIAN SHELTERS AND
SCHOOLS
FIELD ASSESSMENT IN SENDAI AREA,
JAPAN
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS
COLLECTION OF DATA FROM OTHER
LOCATIONS
SCHEMATIC DRAFT OF SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR HUMANITARIAN USE
PRELIMINARY CRITERIA FOR HUMANITARIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE ISSUES●Time should be included in lifecycle assessment. It is often very critical component in humanitarian construction projects.●Service life assessment criteria should be modified to better suit into a low-tech approach.●Assessment of transportation requires an approach of its own.
QUALITATIVE ISSUES●Suitability to local or vernacular building culture should be included.●Ownership of the buildings should be developed starting from the commissioning phase.●Suitability for dismantling and re-use should be included in assessment.●Global warming potential of the construction project should be assessed too.
Future steps
• Education in emergencies will be strategic focus area of Finn Church Aid
• Green School Concept under development
• Construction projects included
• Cooperation with IDB for the development of schools in Haiti (10 M USD)
• Active participation into Global Education Cluster
• Refugee camp pilot school projects are being prepared
• Scientific analysis of life cycle carbon footprint of humanitarian construction
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Primary energy use
• Technical development of structural concepts that have optimised carbon footprint
• Comparison of sustainability standards (CEN, ISO) in humanitarian context
• Building physical field tests of refugee camp schools
• Thermal comfort, moisture safety, indoor air quality, VOC´s
We are open for cooperation!
SUSTAINABILITYBELONGS TO ALL!
Contacts
30
Mr. Matti KuittinenArchitect, researcherTel. +358 50 594 [email protected]
Mr. Jouni HembergDirector of International CooperationTel. +358 325 [email protected] www.finnchurchaid.fi
Ms. Sari KaipainenReconstruction manager, HaitiTel. +509 3711 [email protected]