Assessment of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupant Wellbeing and Educational Outcomes

20th September 2017TEMCwww.cetec.com.au

Authors

Ben LindsayCETEC Pty LtdConsultant

Vyt GarnysCETEC Group of CompaniesManaging Director & Principal Consultant Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane-London (UK)

2

• Comprehensive scientific consulting and laboratory services since 1987

• Leading provider of multidiscipline and technical risk management solutions for complex facilities.

• CETEC conducts professional IEQ audits, assessments, investigations & training for occupant health, wellbeing & productivity

• 4 NABERS Accredited Assessors and 2 WELL Building Standard APs on staff.

About us

Key Building Services

IEQ

Indoor air & indoor environment quality

(investigations, audits, training & assessments for occupant health,

wellbeing & productivity

Accreditation & Regulations

NABERS and GBCA assessments for

energy, IEQ, waste & water.

Hazardous Materials

Environmental risk management for -

asbestos, chemicals & other hazardous

substances, including audits, registers,

decontamination & control/remediation

Design Risk & Dangerous Goods

Specialist laboratory & hospital design,

dangerous goods risk management, support & risk

evaluation

Project Management

For hazardous materials, dangerous goods , occupational

hygiene, IAQ & occupant

dissatisfaction

Extensive Evidence of IEQ/Performance Link

4

Student Performance Increase with Ventilation

• LiaChatzidiakou,DejanMumovic,JulieDockrell, UCL, UK (2014)

5

Australian Schools Performance Down – Why?

6

7

Why Conduct Building Indoor Environment Ratings?

8

• Buildings affect our health, wellbeing and productivity since more than 80% of occupant time is spent indoors

Staff salary and benefits contributes to 90% of a organisations operating costs

So a 10% increase in productivity translates to

a 9% savings in operating costs

The Cost of Running a Building

Why integrate IEQ Rating into FM Good Practise

• Management - Ordered and integrated overview

• Complaint resolution efficiency

• Maintenance KPI - intra and inter-facility

• Benchmarking KPI – intra and inter-facility

• Legal protection – best practise

• Property Valuation

• Productivity and Efficiency KPI

• Marketing and Occupancy

• Personal recognition and CV

Compliance vs PerformanceCompliance Limits Performance / Sub Clinical Criteria

VOC – (toluene) TWA 191,000 μg/m3

VOC (total)500 μg/m3

Dust PM1-10 TWA1,000 - 5,000 μg/m3

Dust 50 μg/m3

NoiseLAeq,8h of 85 dB(A) peak 140 dB(C)

Noise45-50dB + occupant satisfaction survey

Lighting160 lux minimum

LightingUniformity , 300 lux+ occupant satisfaction survey

11

EnHealth and Legionella

Learn more at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-publicat-environ.htm

IEQ - Building Related ParametersTypical indoor environment quality assessment parameters include:

• Particulate Matter

• Airborne Microbials

• Carbon Monoxide

• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Formaldehyde levels

Indoor Air Quality

• Temperature

• Relative Humidity

• Carbon Dioxide (Ventilation Effectiveness)

• Air Movement

Thermal Comfort

• Horizontal Task Illuminance (Lux)

• Vertical Task Illuminance (Lux)

• Lighting uniformity Lighting

• Ambient Sound levelsAcoustic Comfort

• Worldwide Benchmarked and Standardised Occupant Satisfaction Survey

Occupant Satisfaction & Productivity

AVAILABLE MAIN RATING SYSTEMS in AUSTRALIA

• Green Star – Green Building Council of Australia

• NABERS ( National Australian Built Environment Rating System) –Australian Government

• WELL Building Standard – Delos Inc., USA.

Green Star Performance – IAQ

Green Star Performance coverage – Cooling Tower Microbial Control / Legionella

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Green Star – Air Tightness

NABERS Indoor Environment

• NABERS Indoor Environment• World first at measuring and

benchmarking the indoor environment performance of offices

• Base Building, Tenancy & Whole Building ratings

• Benchmarked against Australian Buildings

• Since 2009

• Can be used as a step for other ratings IEQ

Air Quality

Thermal Comfort

LightingAcoustics

Occupant Satisfaction

NABERS IE

NABERS IE

• Parameters assessed for each rating type

Typical Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)

IEQ assessment

Occupancy Satisfaction Survey using international

benchmarked survey

IE rating

Ongoing collaboration with

change/design/HR/ sustainability team

Generally conducted six months following occupation

Work Environment Productivity Assessment

• CETEC WEPA • Work Environment Productivity

Assessment

• Cost benefit of optimising IEQ

• Correlating productivity metrics related to performance of workers

• Develop a business case for IEQ optimisation

The International WELL Building Institute

WELL Building Standard

WELL Air & Water Features Matrix

Assessment of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupant Wellbeing at the Rose Bowl, Leeds Beckett University

20th September 2017TEMCwww.cetec.com.au

Presenter

Ben LindsayCETEC Pty LtdConsultant

Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane-London (UK)

Introduction

26

Estates Services wanted to test claim that the BREEAM Excellent building had been designed with staff & student wellbeing at its heart. Needed to understand how to evaluate health & wellbeing.

IEQ parameters1. Air quality2. Therm. comfort3. Acoustics4. Lighting 5. Surveys

NABERS – single items to complete WELL – all items to be completed

Air Light

Comfort Nourishment

Fitness Mind

Innovation Water

LEED – all items to be completed

Energy & Atmos. Materials & Res

Indoor Env Qual. Regional priority

Innovation Sustainable sites

Location & trans. Water efficiency

BREEAM – all items to be completed

Energy Materials

Health & well. Management

Innovation Pollution

Land use Transport

➢ Stand alone rating.➢ includes survey.➢ IE-Occupied building➢ Since 2009➢ Measurement data

➢ All or nothing rating.

➢ No surveys.➢ Occupied

Building➢ New

Waste

Water

Water

Waste

Indoor Environment

Energy

➢ All or nothing rating.

➢ No surveys.

➢ All or nothing rating.

➢ No surveys.➢ No Measurement

data

✓

1. What should be measured? 1. Air quality2. Therm. comfort3. Acoustics4. Lighting 5. Surveys of staff

2. Which rating scheme to use?Parameter measured BASE TENANCY WHOLE

BUILDING

Carbon monoxide Y Y Y

TVOC Y Y

Formaldehyde Y Y

Particulates Y Y Y

Carbon dioxide Y Y Y

Temperature * Y Y

Relative Humidity Y Y

Air speed Y Y

Acoustic comfort Y Y Y

Lighting Y Y

Occupant survey Y y

NABERS IE

3. What specific parameters to measure?

Rose Bowl

Benchmarks for IEQ

Table 1: International standards for what equals a good quality atmosphere for work

Parameter 1st level threshold limit (ref) 2nd level tougher limit (ref)

Carbon monoxide 9ppm (NABERS/LEED/WELL/WHO) -

TVOC 500ug/m3 (NABERS/LEED/WELL) -

Formaldehyde 100ug/m3 (NABERS/WHO) 40ug/m3 (LEED/WELL)

Particulates 50ug/m3 PM10 (NABERS/LEED/WELL) 15ug/m3 PM2.5 (LEED/WELL)

Ozone 80ppb (LEED/NEPM) -

Carbon dioxide 1000ppm (ASHRAE) 800ppm (WELL)

Temperature 21-24oC (ASHRAE) -

Relative Humidity 30-70% (ASHRAE) -

Air speed >0.2m/s (NABERS) -

Acoustic comfort 35-45dB (NABERS) -

Lighting Horizontal >320 lux /vertical >180 lux (AS1680) -

Health criteria

Comfort criteria

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Sample locations

Canteen

208

Lecture theatre

404

421

525

513

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

28

classroom

office

classroom

lecture room

office

classroom

canteen

office

classroom

classroom

Summary results from IEQ assessment

KEY

✓ Criteria met

× Criteria not met

- Not measured

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Location Pass (✓) / Fail (x) – in relation to threshold values in table 1

Air

speed temp RH CO2 CO O3 PM2.5 PM10 TVOC Form. dB lux

Ambient# - Roof n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a - - - -

Classroom 513 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x

Classroom 525 ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - x x

Office 404 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Office 421 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓

Classroom 320 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓

Classroom 307 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ x

Lecture 241 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ x x -

Classroom 208 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - -

Office 148 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓ ✓

Canteen area ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓ - - x -

Areas where problems were revealed

101214161820222426

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421

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ure

241

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148

can

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are

a

Tem

per

atu

re o C

recommended range

400500600700800900

100011001200

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Car

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guideline limit

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0.006

0.009

0.012

0.015

0.018

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PM (2

.5)

mg/

m3 guideline limit

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

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1

2

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H-l

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guideline limit

30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

very satisfied

satisfied

Somewhat satisfied

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

Somewhat dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Very dissatisfied

How satisfied with temperature at work place

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

very satisfied

satisfied

Somewhat satisfied

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

Somewhat dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Very dissatisfied

How satisfied with acoustic quality at work place0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

very satisfied

satisfied

Somewhat satisfied

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

Somewhat dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Very dissatisfied

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

very satisfied

satisfied

Somewhat satisfied

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

Somewhat dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Very dissatisfied

How satisfied with air quality at work place

How satisfied with overall building

~ 51%

~ 39%

42%

~ 39%

~ 46%

~ 37%

~ 33%

~ 52%

Occupant Satisfaction of Staff and Students of the IE

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Overall survey performance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

general satisfaction-building

general satisfaction-workplace

office layout

office furnishings

thermal comfortair quality

lighting

acoustic quality

cleanliness &maintenance

Rose Bowl

All buildings

key:

1 = very dissatisfied4 = neither satisfied or dissatisfied7 = very satisfied

Note:

All buildings refer to the total average of results across the independent database

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Summing up

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5. Act on results

At Rose Bowl;➢ Ventilation rates increased to eliminate formaldehyde➢ Ventilation increased to reduce temperature➢ Looking to enhance acoustic barriers and create quiet zones➢ Looking to update specification on materials and furniture in relation to VOCs➢ Will reassess situation after measures implemented➢ Will extend IEQ analysis to other buildings across the University

4. Measure IEQ

➢ Use external IEQ experts➢ Don’t rely on un tested sensors

1. Engaged Estates Services

➢ Proactive approach➢ Responding to

complaints

2. Identify what needs to be measured

➢ Health & wellbeing (IEQ)➢ Occupant satisfaction

3. Select relevant rating tools

➢ Robust science based approach➢ Efficient & timely IEQ assessment

✓

NABERS IE

Financial Benefits of Wellness and Productivity

The Facts from Research and Application

• Indoor climate/environments (IAQ/IEQ) affect performance/efficiency at work.

• There is systematic and strong evidence that suboptimal office IEQ conditions (for knowledge work) will produce efficiency and probably productivity loss of the order of 1-10% of labour outcomes. Targetted improvements will recover this loss.

• The loss may be a few percent of labour outcomes but its value is large and much more than energy and building management savings.

• IEQ improvements are a significant tool for occupant satisfaction and wellbeing

Barriers Till Now

• Many stakeholders consider topic is too complex to understand.

• Investors/Owners vs Tenants/Occupants, two different views

• Sharing gains/profit mechanisms not developed

• Adoptees using IEQ for own commercial gain and not sharing data.

• Fear of HR and Brand Image from poor IEQ exposure

• Definitions of Efficiency and Productivity

• Links with Finance and Economic experts

• Education and Research alignments

WorldGBC endorsement of IEQ

WorldGBC’s Health, Wellbeing and Productivity in Offices report raised awareness of this important topic and set out a framework for organisations to measure how their building impacts on their most valuable asset, their employees.

World Green Building CouncilDOLLARS MATTERS

Regular publication of indices allows for immediate high level management

OECD - Types of Productivity Measures

• Labour productivity• Quantity index of gross economic output / Quantity economic index of

Labour Input

• Labour remains the single most important input to office work.

• Labour input is ..measured as the total number of hours worked

• Hours paid and full-time equivalent persons can provide reasonable alternatives.

• Labour Efficiency• Ratio of non-economic parameters e.g. task speed, sick leave rate and cognitive ability.

Efficiency may contribute to productivity.

Cascade of Productivity Measurement

• Global

• Continent

• Country

• Regional

• Organizational

• Facility

• Sectional

• Personal

Increasing # of Sectors

Productivity Index = Output/Input

Educational Productivity Measures

• Educational productivity• gross academic output / Fiscal Input• gross academic output / Labour Cost Input• gross academic output / Capital Cost Input

• Educational Efficiency• Ratio of non-economic parameters e.g. task speed, sick leave rate and

cognitive ability, scores/student. Efficiency may contribute to productivity.

Educational Productivity and Ranking

43

Hanushek.Stanford.edu, (2015)

Rating Systems to Obtain Productivity from IEQ?

• Readily Available

• Well Structured and Proven Technically

• Accepted by owners and occupiers

• Internally comparable

• Design Ratings eg BREEAM, LEED,..- Weak on POE and IEQ, no Occupant Satisfaction Surveys

• WELL – Comprehensive but not all data dose response related

• NABERS – Strong on performance IEQ and Occupant Satisfaction- Rate Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)

Case Studies

Evidence of IEQ affecting Productivity

Labour Productivity Gains 6 months after move -12.5% average but not uniform

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Productivity%

Productivity%

Ten Other P&POE Productivity Assessments by CETEC

IEQ Gain = $A100-200/m2

Energy Gain = $A 15-20/m2

Work Environment Productivity Assessment for Education

• Administration and FM• Staff productivity and KPIs

• Research• Research productivity

• Education • Student satisfaction

• Student performance

• Branding• Reputation

Assessment of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupant Wellbeing and Educational Outcomes

20th September 2017TEMCwww.cetec.com.au

Authors

Ben LindsayCETEC Pty LtdConsultant

Vyt GarnysCETEC Group of CompaniesManaging Director & Principal Consultant Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane-London (UK)