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Aspetti idrologici ed idrogeologici della
sorgente Sanità di Caposele, alimentante
l’Acquedotto Pugliese
Hydrological and hydrogeological features of the
Sanità spring of Caposele, Southern Italy, which
feeds the Pugliese aqueduct
Francesco Fiorillo
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, University of Sannio, Italy
in collaborazione con Acquedotto Pugliese S.p.A.
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Piano Laceno (Mt. Cervialto), Caposele spring catchment
Caposele spring and Pugliese aqueduct
Caposele spring:
elevation: 417 m a.s.l.
mean discharge 4 m3/sec
Caposele
Pugliese aqueduct:
total lenght: more than 400 km
main gravity-channel (244 km long) up to Villa Castelli
93 bridges and 105 tunnels
Pavoncelli tunnel, 15.3 km
Murge tunnel, 16 km
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
1868, Camillo Rosalba (engineer of thePublic Works Office)
1901, first studies and surveys in the area of Sanità springs (supported bya financing of the central state, one million lire).
1902, the consortium “Acquedotto Pugliese” (State and other localauthorities) was formed, with full powers on the construction and futuremanagement.
1906, begin the excavation of the tunnel crossing (Pavoncelli) andsubsequently those of the main channel up to Villa Castelli.
Main historical points before the tapping
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
1915, arrival of spring water in Bari
1918, Brindisi
1927, Lecce
Main historical points of the tapping
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Main features of the tapping zone
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Caposele spring viewMain channel in the tapping area
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Beginning of the last century (1900)
Caposele spring view
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Caposele spring viewcurrently
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
1) Continental mantle (Quaternary); 2) argillaceous complex and flysch sequences (Paleogene–
Miocene); 3) calcareous-dolomite series (Jurassic–Miocene); 4) main karst spring; 5) village;
6)mountain peak; 7) elevation (m a.s.l.); 8) Spring catchment ; 9) endorheic area; 10) river gauge.
Hydrogeological sketch of north-eastern sector of Mt. Picentini
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
3D view of the Cervialto massif
Caposele spring417 m
Piano Laceno1050 m
Mt. Cervilato1809 m
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Hydrogeological cross-section
Celico & Civita, 1976
Aquino et al., 2005
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Class elevation distributionhydrogeological spring catchment, 110 km2
elevation mean: 1173 m spring elevation : 417 mrock thickness (mean) above the spring: 756 m
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Schematic soil-profile of Campania slopes
Fiorillo, F. (2011) - The Role of the Evapotranspiration in the Aquifer Recharge Processes … - Evapotranspiration
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Main climatic features: long-term mean monthly valuesThornthwaite balance, Montevergine, 1270 m a.s.l.
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo, F. (2011) - The Role of the Evapotranspiration in the Aquifer Recharge Processes … - Evapotranspiration
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5S
ep-7
1
Oct-
71
Nov-7
1
Dec-7
1
Jan-7
2
Feb-7
2
Mar-
72
Apr-
72
May-7
2
Jun-7
2
Jul-
72
Aug-7
2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Torano spring
snow
Cumulative rainfall
Da
ily r
ain
fall
(mm
);
An
nu
al m
ean
ra
infa
ll (%
)
Sp
rin
g d
isch
arg
e (
m3/s
)
195 mm
Caposele spring
wet year
Fiorillo F. (2009) - Spring hydrographs as indicators of droughts in a karst environment – J.of Hydrology
Daily values during a wet year
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5S
ep
-74
Oct-
74
No
v-7
4
De
c-7
4
Ja
n-7
5
Fe
b-7
5
Ma
r-7
5
Ap
r-7
5
Ma
y-7
5
Ju
n-7
5
Ju
l-7
5
Au
g-7
5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Sp
rin
g d
isch
arg
e (
m3/s
)
Da
ily r
ain
fall
(mm
);
An
nu
al m
ean
ra
infa
ll
Torano spring
Cumulative rainfall
Caposele spring
dry year
Daily values during a dry year
Fiorillo F. (2009) - Spring hydrographs as indicators of droughts in a karst environment – J.of Hydrology
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Physical and chemical characteristics of springwater1 Jan 2009 – 27 Feb 2011
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
ZONA CINIELLO
CONTRADA DEL PASTORE
Factors controlling the shape of the hydrographRock mass conditions, Cervialto rock outcropping
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Factors controlling the shape of the hydrographfault scarp induced by 1980 Irpinia earthquake
http://legacy.ingv.it/roma/attivita/sismologia/sorgentesismica/esempi/irpinia/irpinia.html
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
The effect of 23 November1980 earthquake (Ms=6.9)
Fiorillo F. (2015) - Hydraulic Behavior of Karst Aquifers– In: Karst Aquifers, Characterization and Engineering
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
The effect of 23 November1980 earthquake (Ms=6.9)
Fiorillo F. (2015) - Hydraulic Behavior of Karst Aquifers– In: Karst Aquifers, Characterization and Engineering
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Annual rainfall and annual mean discharge
standardised valuesDaily spring discharge
The effect of drought on the following years
Fiorillo F. (2015) - Hydraulic Behavior of Karst Aquifers– In: Karst Aquifers, Characterization and Engineering
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
The effect of drought on the following years
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Cumulative rainfall and spring hydrograph shape
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
1942-43
1948-49
1967-68
2001-02
Cu
mu
lative
eff
ective
ra
infa
ll, m
m
Sp
ring
dis
cha
rge
time (1 year)
Insu
ffic
en
t e
ffe
ctive
rain
fall
Sp
ring
dis
cha
rge
time (1 year)Eff
ective
ra
infa
ll a
ble
to
rech
arg
e a
qu
ife
r
(Discharge>Recharge)
1° Caposele threshold, 610 mm
2° Caposele threshold, 740 mm
mean, 870 mm
1962-63
1940-41
1994-95
Fiorillo F. (2009) - Spring hydrographs as indicators of droughts in a karst environment – J.of Hydrology
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
1885
1888
1891
1894
1897
1900
1903
1906
1909
1912
1915
1918
1921
1924
1927
1930
1933
1936
1939
1942
1945
1948
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Serino Caposele
Cassano I. Torano
Maretto S.Maria a Rivoli
sta
nd
ard
ise
d a
nn
ua
l m
ea
n s
pri
ng
dis
ch
., Q
S
23 Nov 1980 earthquakes
Low flow period
Low flow period
High flow period
High flow period High flow period
Low flow
period
a)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
1885
1888
1891
1894
1897
1900
1903
1906
1909
1912
1915
1918
1921
1924
1927
1930
1933
1936
1939
1942
1945
1948
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Serino Caposele
Lago Matese Montevergine
RoccamandolfiSta
rna
da
rdis
ed
an
nu
al ra
infa
ll, P
s
Dry periodDry period
Wet periodWet period
Wet period
Low flow
period
b)
Trend and fluctuation of spring discharges and rainfall
Fiorillo F., Guadagno F.M. (2012) - Long karst spring discharge time series …… – Env. Earth Sciences
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1885
1888
1891
1894
1897
1900
1903
1906
1909
1912
1915
1918
1921
1924
1927
1930
1933
1936
1939
1942
1945
1948
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
MarettoSerinoCaposeleCassanoToranoS.Maria Rivoli
1951-1956
1885-1893
1959-1974
1987-2008
1934-1942
1943-1950
1977-1981
1900-1912
RA
PS
, a
nn
ua
l m
ea
n s
pri
ng
dis
ch
arg
e
Low discharge
High discharge
a)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1885
1888
1891
1894
1897
1900
1903
1906
1909
1912
1915
1918
1921
1924
1927
1930
1933
1936
1939
1942
1945
1948
1951
1954
1957
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
CaposeleSerinoLago MateseMontevergineRoccamandolfi
1987-2008
1900-1912
1959-1974
1934-1942
1943-1949
RA
PS
, a
nn
ua
l ra
infa
ll
1885-1890
Low rainfall
High rainfall
b)
RAPS of time series (discharge and rainfall)
Fiorillo F., Guadagno F.M. (2012) - Long karst spring discharge time series …… – Env. Earth Sciences
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
18
84
18
88
18
92
18
96
19
00
19
04
19
08
19
12
19
16
19
20
19
24
19
28
19
32
19
36
19
40
19
44
19
48
19
52
19
56
19
60
19
64
19
68
19
72
19
76
19
80
19
84
19
88
19
92
19
96
20
00
20
04
20
08
Annual Winter
Summer 11-ys mov. av.
Te
mp
era
ture
, °C
1969
1938
1926
1893
Shift/replacement termometer
a)
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
18
84
18
88
18
92
18
96
19
00
19
04
19
08
19
12
19
16
19
20
19
24
19
28
19
32
19
36
19
40
19
44
19
48
19
52
19
56
19
60
19
64
19
68
19
72
19
76
19
80
19
84
19
88
19
92
19
96
20
00
20
04
20
08
Annual
Winter
Summer
1949-1951
1952-1956
1936-19461987-2008
RA
PS
Temperature above the mean
Temperature below the mean
b)
Temperature trend, Montevergine station, 1270 m a.s.l. Period 1884 - 2008
Bucci et al. (2015) - Winter survival of microbial contaminants in soil… – J. Env. Sciences
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Aquifer behavior during dry periods (recession)
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., Revellino P., Ventafridda G. (2012) - Karst aquifer drainage during dry periods. J. of Cave and Karst Studies
Aquifer behavior during dry periods (recession)dependence of the recession coefficient on Q0
Caposele
y = 1,06x - 2,81
R = 0.98
Pollentina
y = 3.13x - 1.07
R = 0.93
Bagno della Regina
y = -0.68x2 + 0.24x + 6.8
R = 0.88
Cassano Irpino springs
y = -0,2421x2 + 1,8177x
R = 0,90
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0Q0 (m
3/s)
rece
ssio
n c
oe
ffic
ien
t , a
1
0-
3 (
d-1
)
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., Revellino P., Ventafridda G. (2012) - Karst aquifer drainage during dry periods. J. of Cave and Karst Studies
Drainage of a composite cylindrical tank-reservoir
Independent of the model used, the
following relationship can be deduced:
I
II
II
I
A
A
1
1a
aII
III
III
II
A
A
1
1a
a
Fiorillo F. (2011) - Tank-reservoir drainage as a simulation of recession limb of karst spring hydrographs. Hydrogeology Journal
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
II
eff
III
eff
II
effc
III
effc
III
II
n
n
nA
nA
a
a
II
III
III
II
A
A
1
1a
a
II
eff
III
eff
III
II
n
n
a
a
From the composite tank-reservoir to karst aquifers
composite tank-reservoir karst aquifer
Torricelli law
Darcy/Poiseuille law
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F. (2011) - Tank-reservoir drainage as a simulation of recession limb of karst spring hydrographs. Hydrogeology Journal
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Example of a karst aquifer, tectonically bounded by impervious terrains Conduits, shafts, vadose zone and saturated zone with different effective porosity are shown
Fiorillo F. (2011) - Tank-reservoir drainage as a simulation of recession limb of karst spring hydrographs. Hydrogeology Journal
Caposele spring discharge and water level monitored in well P1
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
P1 well
417
418
419
420
421
422
May-0
8
Jul-08
Sep-0
8
Nov-0
8
Jan-0
9
Mar-
09
May-0
9
Jul-09
Sep-0
9
Nov-0
9
Jan-1
0
Mar-
10
May-1
0
Jul-10
Sep-1
0
Nov-1
0
Jan-1
1
Mar-
11
May-1
1
Jul-11
Sep-1
1
Nov-1
1
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
P1-well water level
Caposele spring discharge
Wa
ter
ta
ble
le
ve
l. m
a.s
.l.
Dis
ch
arg
e. m
3/s
P1
Oct 2
00
8
Oct 2
00
9
Se
p 2
01
0
No
v2
01
1
Caposele spring discharge and water level monitored in well P1
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., (2013) - la recessione degli idrogrammi sorgivi ed analisi della sorgente caposele (italia meridionale) durante i
periodi secchi .. IT. J. ENG. GEOL. ENV.
Recession
period
Discharged
water volume
at spring
Dw (m3 106)
Water level
decrease in P1
L (cm)
Discharged volume for unit
of water level decrease
Vw=Dw/L (m3/cm 106)
October 2008 8,2 6 1,37
October 2009 11,3 31 0,36
September 2010 10,8 24 0,45
November 2011 9,8 23 0,43
Caposele spring discharge and water level monitored in well P1
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., (2013) - la recessione degli idrogrammi sorgivi ed analisi della sorgente caposele (italia meridionale) durante i
periodi secchi .. IT. J. ENG. GEOL. ENV.
Caposele spring discharge and water level monitored in well P1
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
05.11043.0
1045.06
6
)2011(
)2010(
)2011(
)2010(
w
w
eff
eff
V
V
n
n 06.100160.0
00170.0
)2010(
)2011(
)2011(
)2010(
a
a
eff
eff
n
n
83.300060.0
00230.0
)2008(
)2009(
)2009(
)2008(
a
a
eff
eff
n
n91.3
1035.0
1037.16
6
)2009(
)2008(
)2009(
)2008(
w
w
eff
eff
V
V
n
n
2008 and 2009 years
2010 and 2011 years
II
eff
III
eff
III
II
n
n
a
aCheck the formula
Fiorillo F., (2013) - la recessione degli idrogrammi sorgivi ed analisi della sorgente caposele (italia meridionale) durante i
periodi secchi .. IT. J. ENG. GEOL. ENV.
Recharge processes in the spring catchment (Cervialto massif)
Estimation of the long-term recharge (ratio between discharge volume and rainfall on the catchment)
The model have to distinguish the endorheic areas (closed morphologicalzones, where runoff cannot escape from the spring catchment) from therest of the catchment (open areas)
Then, a daily recharge model, calibrated on the previous annual scale estimation, allows to simulate the recharge and the runoff at daily scale
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
y = 0,753x + 1207,1
R2 = 0,9388
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
elevation (m a.s.l.)
annual ra
infa
ll (m
m)
Rain gaugeElevation
(m a.s.l.)
Rainfall
(mm)
Acerno 725 1797
Campagna 300 1551
Contursi 97 1270
Eboli 173 1177
Giffoni Valle Piana 187 1398
Piano di Verteglia 1200 2143
Piano Laceno 1170 2014
a)
y = -0,0066x + 16,287
R2 = 0,93
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 500 1000 1500 2000
elevation (m a.s.l.)
An
nu
al m
ea
n t
em
pe
ratu
re (
°C)
TermometerElevation
(m a.s.l.)
Temperature
(°C)
Avellino 383 14,5
Montella 497 11,9
Montemarano 650 12,0
Montevergine 1287 7,9
Serino 351 14,2
b)
Annual mean rainfall and annual mean temperature in relation to ground-elevation
period 1970 - 1999
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Mean Max Min
Mt.
CERVIALTO
(spring
catchment)
Elevation
m (a.s.l.)1179 1809 417
Afflux
mm/year2109 2621 1529
Temperature
°C8,5 13,5 4,4
Actual
evapotr.
mm529 688 410
Main hydrological features of the Cervialto massiflong-term annual values
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
( ( EE AeffA FR
( ( EAeffsAo FQR -recharge in the open areas, (R)Ao,
effective afflux, Feff, in a specific area, A
recharge amount, R, in endorheic area, AE
( An
P
F
n
eff
Aeff
1
Main hydrological parameters estimation (long-term annual scale)
effective recharge
coefficient, CR
1)( EARC
(
O
O
O
Aeff
A
ARF
RC
)()(
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
F, afflux
Feff, effective afflux
RO, run off;
Main hydrological parameters of Cervialto catchment
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
QP, groundwater abstracted
R, recharge
CR, effective recharge coefficient
.
• excess rainfall, Pexc=daily recharge + daily runoff
• daily runoff occurs if Pexc exceeds a specific threshold values at daily scale
• the threshold is deducted from the long term annual scale : (CR)Ao = (R)Ao /Pexc
PexcAETPi
Daily scale model of the recharge
The model generally needs:
- the thickness of the soil which is undergoing evapotranspiration processes, H;
- the (volumetric) water content at field capacity, max;
- the minimum water content reached at the end of dry season (summer), min;
- the total and effective porosity of the soil.
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Daily scale recharge model, Mt. Cervialto catchment
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Recharge coefficient for open areas, (CR)Aofunction of threshold of daily recharge, for different hydrological years
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Fiorillo F., Pagnozzi M., Ventafridda G. (2015) - A model to simulate recharge processes of karst massifs- Hydrological processes
Conclusions
• Caposele spring is a fundamental water resource in southern Italy
• two hydrogeological aspects enhance its usability: absence of peaks (as a typicalporous medium) and the regime almost opposite to that of precipitation
• drought reduces the discharge of following years as well, highlighting a memory effectof the aquifer
• the spring is drough-resistant, as the (exponential) recession coefficient decreaseswhen initial discharge(Q0) also decreases
• as the spring catchment is not interested by pumping (groundwater abstraction) and itsenvironment is almost unchanged during the last century, spring discharge is apowerful indicator of climate
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Aspetti idrologici ed idrogeologici della sorgente Sanitàdi Caposele, alimentante l’Acquedotto Pugliese
Hydrological and hydrogeological features of the Sanitàspring of Caposele, Southern Italy, which feeds the
Pugliese aqueduct
Francesco Fiorillo
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, University of Sannio, Italy
in collaborazione con Acquedotto Pugliese S.p.A.
Giornata di approfondimento AIGA “Lo studio e la tutela delle acque sotterranee”, 25 ottobre 2016, Bari
Caposele spring, tapping zone
Grazie!