ASPECT OF COMPARISIONEDUCATION

FORMALINFORMALNON FORMAL

Characteristics formal education is state or privately operated to provide a structured education system. They lead to formal certification The learning have been organize and structured Have a rigid curriculum

Essential to an adults lifelong learning Essential to a childs early development Education conducted outside of the formal and non formal education system. They do not lead to any formal certification Informal learning is never organized Informal learning is often spontaneous There is no formal curriculum

Continuing education Education for self-development and career development Education conducted outside of the formal education system They lead to certification at the final of program Non formal learning is organized Certificate have been provided Have a curriculum

The role of Curriculum

Structure and the syllabus of formal education plan and organize by the Ministry involve

non structure and not involving fixed syllabusStructure but the syllabus were organize by the organizer

Principles

Formal education taught in some of the stages. It includes preschool education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education (university level).

Preschool EducationPreschool education was exposed to the children at the early age of five year old until six.Preschool education was to provide children with a strong socialist base before getting formal education.

Primary EducationEducation at the primary level started when the children were at seven year old and they will be exposed to the Primary education for five to seven years.

Secondary EducationSecondary education is given to the citizen who has attained at the age of 13 to 17 year old.Education at the secondary level is divided into two stages, lower secondary and upper secondary education. Lower secondary education for form 1 to form 3 . While for upper secondary education started from form 4 to form 5.

Tertiary Education SPM leavers who meet certain condition can pursue their studies at higher level such as form 6, diploma and matriculation as foundation before they are getting into university level.

Informal learning usually takes place outside educational establishments. It is not necessarily planned to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and according to subjects, but rather unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management and fitness for life. It is experienced directly in its "natural" function of everyday life and is often spontaneous.nadia tlg isi yg ni insyaAllah esk ain free ain dtg umh nadia Education is associated with a particular group klientele and meet a specific educational goal system. Consists of three major systems implementation (delivery system), system expertise (expert systems) and system klientele (clientele system). Interaction of these three systems affect the policies, management and administration as well as non-formal education program.It provides an opportunity for everyone to engage in the process of lifelong education .

2. Ianya merangkumi berbagai-bagai aspek kehidupan. 3. Ianya dijalankan secara fleksibel. 4. Ianya dijalankan oleh berbagai-bagai agensi dan institusi. 5. Ianya ditujukan kepada semua golongan masyarakat.

Community involveCommunities involved are limited based on the age and level of education received

Implemented by teachers or lecturers who are trained and qualified.

Within the community , such as family , friends , members of social groups and anyone involved

Communities involved are not limited to young people, adults or old people. However it focused on any specific groups with specific goals and objectives.

Place of learning

Assessment

Formal education taught in formal institution such as schools, colleagues and universities. Equipped with infrastructure facilities and learning technologies such as classrooms, lecture rooms, laboratories, computer rooms, libraries, etc.

Formal assessments have data which support the conclusions made from the test. We usually refer to these types of tests as standardized measures. Involves assessment at each stage who traveled either formative or summative form.

Formative Assessmentformative assessment is a evaluations carried out continuously in the process of teaching and learning.Information obtained from formative assessment can provide feedback on the extent to which the learning outcomes have been mastered.

Teachers can learn about the strengths and weaknesses and the potential of a student and take appropriate corrective action.

Teachers can assess student progress in many areas, including aspects that cannot be evaluated centrally.

Summative AsssessmentSummative evaluation is associated with the assessment at the end of the year or at the end of the semester.

This assessment gives a distinguished achievement a student with other students and is often used to make the selection

Ratings are based; UPSR, PMR, SPM and STPM are usually handled by the Malaysian Examination Board.

Results -based evaluation can provide information about student achievement across the country.

Occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of societyInformal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.

Informal assessments are not data driven but rather content and performance driven.not involves formative and summative assessmentObservations, checklists, and portfolios are just some of the informal methods of assessment available.Observation method Children are looking by a systematic way. This is important to enable children behavior and performance can be identified.

checklist methodA list of behaviors identifying children's skills and knowledge.Enables to observe and easily check off what children know and are able to doportfolios methodCollection of children's work samples and other products. This is to provide documentation of a child's achievement in specific areas over time.Formal places such school hall, seminar room, hotel, classroom, training center and other.

Equipped with infrastructure facilities and learning technologies.

It sometimes has a system of evaluation or specific examinations and also award certificates to confirm their participation and achievement

rujukan

By G. S. Morrison Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice HallUpdated on Jul 15, 2013

Article Formal vs. Informal Assessments by Brenda weaver

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