Ask America - Statehelp or support of a daily newspaper. One of the proudest achievements of ‘Keralasabdam’ in the annals of its publication is the monthly column ‘Ask America’

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As Consul General, I introduce this booklet with great pleasure. A year ago, the U.S. Consulate General in Chennai entered into

a partnership with Dr. B.A. Rajakrishnan and lead-ing Malayalam news magazine Kerala Sabdam. “Ask America” represents a unique attempt to provide an open forum where Malayalees can ask about the U.S., be it foreign policy, visas, culture, education, tourism, or anything else. Each month we select and answer a diverse set of questions from readers -- and there has been no shortage of good questions.

I want to acknowledge in particular the contribu-tions of Dr. Rajakrishnan, whose support in launching this novel column has made all the difference.

Although the column serves primarily to explain U.S. policy and life to the Malayalee community, our staff have also learned a lot about U.S. society and government in preparing responses to the readers’ questions. Answering some of the technical ques-tions on election procedures, agriculture -- and even cricket in the U.S. -- has been challenging and ulti-mately resulted in my American staff being better in-formed about our own country as well.

I am proud that we are celebrating the first anni-versary of our partnership with Kerala Sabdam. This publication reviews the best of the questions/answers posed by our readers in the last year and we hope will provide a handy reference. The Consulate looks forward to another year of fruitful exchange with the Malayalee people.

With warm regards,

Jennifer McIntyreConsul General

U.S. Consulate Chennai

Ask AmericaA MAlAyAlee & AMericAn DiAlogue…one yeAr AnD going Strong

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It is fifty years since ‘Keralasabdam’ made its entry into the world of Malayalam print media. Right from its inception ‘Keralasabdam’ has kept its

independent identity , adopting a progressive outlook, and has played a decisive role in taking Kerala forward along the path of democratization and politicalization. And it has achieved this without the backing of any political or communal organization and without the help or support of a daily newspaper.

One of the proudest achievements of ‘Keralasabdam’ in the annals of its publication is the monthly column ‘Ask America’ published regularly from April 17th 2011. It was the first time that the Malayalam readers got an opportunity to ask questions and get information about America, the mightiest economic and military power in the world. It is our experience that the readers have made use of this opportunity with the greatest enthusiasm.

We are exceedingly happy that the questions and answers published in the column ‘Ask America’ in the last one year are now being brought out in book form for the benefit of a wider reading public.

On this occasion I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Consul General Jennifer A Mclntyre, Public Affairs Section Information Officer Mr. Anand Krishna and Public Affairs Section Malayalam Editor Mr. Punnoose Mathen who first approached us with the idea of starting the column ‘Ask America’. I wish that this book might prove to be of genuine use to the general public which does not want to miss an opportunity to know and understand America.

Dr. B.A.RajakrishnanManaging EditorKeralasabdam WeeklyKollam 691001

An opportunity to know and Understand America

ASk AmericA | 5

B≥Up knwIn≥(tIm¨k¬ P\-d¬ Hm^v Zn bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰kv

Hm^v Ata-cn-°, sNss∂)

]w‡n Bcw`w

PÃnkv sI.-Sn. tXmakv

ap≥ kp]ow-tIm-SXn PUvPn

tIm´bw

Ignbp-∂n-S-tØmfw hnNm-cW \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bpw, kpc-£n-X-sa-¶n¬ hntZ-i-tØ°v ssIam-dn-bpw, ap≥Im-e-Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ hnNm-cW sNøm-\m-hm-Ø-h-cpw,F∂m¬ bp.-F-kns‚ kpc-£bv°vXpS¿∂pw ojWn Db¿Øp-∂-h-cp-am-b-h¿°v hy‡-hpw, \oXn-]q¿∆-Ihpw

Kzm≠n-\mtam XS-h-d-bpsSCt∏m-gsØ ÿnXn-sb-¥mWv?

\nb-am-\p-kr-X-hp-amb am\-Z-fi-ßƒDd-∏m-°nbpw Ata-cn-°≥ aqey-ß-ƒ°v A\p-kr-X-ambn Kzm≠n-\mtam XS-hd AS-®p-]q- p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xs‚ ]Xn-_-≤X ]kn-U‚ v H_ma Adn-bn-®n-cp-∂p.

Iqchpw a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-Xhpw lo\-hp-amb apd-I-fn-eqsS FSp-°p∂samgn-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw XS-™n- p-≈-Xp-t]mse XS-hp-Im-cpsS kml-N-cy-ßƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v \n¿Æm-bI ]cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v tIm¨K-kp-ambn tN¿∂pw

Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. kmbp[ G‰p-ap-´-ep-Iƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ A¥m-cmjvS \nba kwhn-[m-\-amb 1949 se P\ohm Icm-dns‚c≠v ][m\ N´-ßsf ]n¥p-W-®p-sIm≠v C°-gn™ am¿®v Ggn\vskI- dn Hm v tÃ‰v lnemcn ¢n‚¨\S-Ønb ]Jym-]-\-Øn¬ F√m XS-hp-Im-tcmSpw a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xn-\p≈ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkns‚ Dd® Xocp-am\w Duń-bp-d-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]tXy-In-®pw, \oXn-]q¿∆-I-amb hnNm-cW Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xpw, hni-Z-amb a\p-jyXz kao-]\w Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb AUo-j-W¬ t]mt´m-t°mƒ II \v bp.-F-kv. `c-W-IqSw ]n¥pW Adn-bn-®n- p-≠v. iXp-]-£-Øns‚ ssII-f-n¬ AI-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsSauenI Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-XmWv AUo-j-W¬ t]mt´m-t°mƒH∂nse B¿ń-°nƒ 75. Cu c≠v XXz-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ ]Xn-_-≤X Rß-fpsS\ne-hn-ep≈ kao-]-\-ß-tfmSv HØp-tN-cp-∂Xv amX-a-√, FXn¿]-£-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn-em-Ip∂ bp.-F-kv. `S-∑m-tcmSv tami-amb s]cp-am‰w D≠m-hmsX kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xnepw ]k-‡-am-Wv.

skI-´dn ¢n‚¨ ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se, Cu \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Rß-fpsS iXp-°ƒ Bcv F∂-Xn-eq-∂n-bp-≈-X√; adn-®v˛ BcmWv \Ωƒ˛ F√m XS-hp-Im¿°pw am\p-jnI ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ cmPywF∂p≈ \ne-bn-em-Wv.

Can-K‚ v, t\m - C-an-K‚ vhnk-Iƒ°p≈ tbmKy-X-IƒFs¥m-s°-bmWv?

kÆn tXmakv

Nß-\m-t»cn

CanK‚ v (IpSn-tb‰) hnkbv°vAt]-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp hntZi

]ucs\ bp.-F-kv. ]uc-\mb Hcp _‘pthm, bp.-F-kn¬ \nb-am-\p-krXÿnc-Xm-a-k-°m-c-\mb _‘p-thm,

sXmgn-ep-S-atbm kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. bp.-F-kv. kn‰n-k¨jn]vB‚ v Can-tK-j≥ k¿ho-k-kns‚

(bp.-Fkv.kn.-sF.-Fkv) A\p-aXn]Xhpw (s]‰o-j≥) kvt]m¨k¿sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS t]cn¬ kvt]m¨

k¿°v e`n-®n-cn-°-Ww. CXp-kw-_-‘n-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I. http:/ www. travel.state. gov/visa/immigrants/ immigrants_1340.html.

Kzm≠n-\mtam

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Ata-cn -°-bn¬ Xm¬°m-enIkµ¿i-\-Øn-\mbn hcp-∂-h¿ t\m¨Can-K‚ v hnk t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. kµ¿i\ Dt±iyw A\p-k-cn®v t\m¨Can-K‚ v hnk ]e hn`m-K-ß-fn-em-bp-≠v. Sqdn-Ãv, _nkn-\ v kµ¿i-I¿(_n h¨, _n Sp), Xm¬°m-enI sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ (F®v As√-¶n¬ F¬),hnZym¿∞-nIfpw cmPym-¥c hn\n-ab`mK-am-bp≈ kµ¿i-Icpw (F^v.-sP.Fw), Iq (I∏¬, hnam-\-Po-h-\-°m¿)hn`-m-K-Øn-ep-≈-h¿(kn h¨, Un),

ß-fmepw aqey-ß-fmepw _‘n-°-s∏--XmWv bp.-F-kpw C¥y-bpw. IqSmsX

21-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ `mK-t[bw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ Hcp ][m\ kl-I-c-Ww-Iq-Sn-bmWv \Ωƒ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.

bp.-F-kn¬ Atßm-f-an-tßm-f-ap≈ C¥y≥ Ata-cn-°≥ kaq-l-

Øn¬ it≤-b-amb ]mXn-\n[yw tIc-fo-b¿°p-≠v. s]mXp˛ kzImcy taJ-e-I-fn¬ Htc-t]mse Ign-hp-sX-fn-bn-®-h-cmWv ae-bm-fn-Iƒ. tIc-f-Ønse`c-W-cw -KØpw s]mXp -cw -KØpwt\Xr-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ D≈-h-cp-ambnAtacn-°≥ \b-X-¥-⁄¿ \nc-¥cwBi-b -hn -\n -abw \S -Øm-dp -≠v .hnZym¿∞n˛ _nkn-\ v kaq-l-ß-fp-ambpw \√ _‘-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

bp.-F-knse C¥y≥ P\-kwJy FX-bmWv?

kpKp-W≥ IrjvW≥

Al-Ω-Zm-_mZv

Atacn-°-bnse C¥y≥ Ata-cn-°°m-cpw, C¥y≥ Xma-k-°m-cp-ambkaqlw henb tXmXn¬ hf¿∂vCt∏mƒ 25-˛30 e£-Øn¬ FØn-bn-´p-≠v. P\-kwJy kw_-‘n® IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v http:/ www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/immigration.html.kµ¿in-°mw. C¥y-bpsS Hmtcmkwÿm-\ -Øp -\n -∂p -ap≈hcpsSIW°v bp.-F-kn¬ ]tXy-I-ambnFSp-°m-dn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ CXp-kw-_-‘n-®p≈ hnhcw e`y-a-√.

hmb-\-°m-cpsS tNmZy-ßƒ°v sNss∂ bp. -F-kv.tIm¨kp-te‰v adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂ Cu ]w‡n-bn-te°v tNmZy-ßƒ Csa-bn-embpw Ab-bv°mw. Csa-bn¬ hnem-kw:askamerica [email protected]

X]m-embn Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw

Ata-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn-°mw, tIc-f-i_vZw hmcn-I, sIm√w-˛1

Csa-bn¬ hnemkw

aX-kw-L-S-\-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h¿(B¿), BinX hnk-Iƒ (F®v4,F^v 2, sP 2, F¬ 2, B¿ 2) F∂n-h-bmWv ][m-\-s∏´ hn`m-K-ßƒ.Hmtcm hnk-bv°p-ap≈ tbmKy-Xbpwth≠ Imcy-ßfpw kw_-‘n-®p≈hniZ hnh-c-ßƒ Rß-fpsS sh_vssk-‰n¬ \¬In-bn- p-≠v. http:/ chennai.usconsulate. gov/temporary-visitors. html.

hn°n-eo-Ivknse tIcf]cm-a¿i-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ bp.-F-kns‚ A`n-]m-b-sa¥v?

UntPm Im∏≥

]mem

am[ya-ß-fn¬ hcp∂ HutZym-KnI clky kz`m-h-ap≈ tcJ-I-sf∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v Rßƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°n-√.]t£, bp.-F-kns‚ C¥ym-\-b-hpw,Cu cmPy-tØm-Spw, ]tXy-In®v tIc-f-tØmSpw D≈ kvt\lhpw kulr-Zhpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. \hw-_-dnse C¥ym kµ¿i-\-Øn¬ ]kn-U‚ v H_ma kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]m-se, ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-h-bv°m-hp∂ Xm¬∏-cy-

April 2011

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bp.-F-kn¬ t\gvkmbn tPmen sNøp-∂-Xn\v tXtS≠ tbmKy-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

joem -Ip-cy≥

sXmSp-]pg

hntZi cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]T-\hpw ]cn-io-e-\hpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h¿bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ t\gvkmbntPmen-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v tbmKyXm ]co£ hnP-bn®v ssek≥kv t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v IΩo-j≥ Hm¨ KmPp-th‰vkv t^m¿t^mdn≥ t\gvknwKv kv°qƒ (kn.-Pn.-F-^v.-F-≥.-Fkv) sh_vssk‰v (http://www.cgfns. org/) kµ¿in-°mw.

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂-h-cpsS hcp-am-\-Øn¬ FX-amXw \mń-te°v Ab-bv°m≥ Ignbpw?

PÃn≥ Ipcy≥

Ccn-ßm-e-°pS

hntZi sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ \mń-te°v ]Ww Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp \nb-¥-Whpw bp.-F-kv. \nb-a-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. \mń-ep≈ IpSpw-_-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Gsd ]m[m-\y-ap-≈-XmWv CØ-c-Øn¬ Ab-®p-In- p∂]Ww.

(hnk, tIc-f-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ s]mXp-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpƒs∏sS bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkvkw_-‘n® IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°vRß-fpsS sh_vssk-‰v. (http://chennai. usconsulate. gov/,) kµ¿in-°p-I-tbm, Rß-fpsS t^kv_p°vt]Pns‚ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ tNcp-ItbmsNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.) .

What is the status of Guantana-mo?

Justice K. T. Thomas,Kottayam

Former Judge Supreme Court of India

President Obama has an-nounced his commitment to close Guantanamo in a manner consis-tent with our values, by prosecut-ing Guantanamo detainees when possible, by transferring them abroad when it can be safely done, and by asserting clear, defensible and lawful standards for those Guantanamo detainees who can-not be prosecuted for past crimes, but still pose a threat to the secu-rity of the U.S.

The Administration has also worked with Congress to enact key reforms for the treatment of detainees, such as a ban on the use of statements taken as a result of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. On March 7, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton reaffirmed the determination of the United States to treat all detainees hu-manely by supporting two impor-tant protocols of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the international le-gal framework that covers armed conflicts. Specifically, the Admin-istration announced support for Additional Protocol II, which con-tains detailed humane treatment standards and fair trial guaran-tees, and Article 75 of Additional Protocol I, which sets forth fun-damental guarantees for persons in the hands of opposing forces. The adherence to both these prin-ciples is not only consistent with our current practices, but is also an important safeguard against the mistreatment of captured U.S. military personnel. As Secretary Clinton said, these steps are not about who our enemies are, but who we are: a nation committed to providing all detainees in our custody humane treatment.

Eligibility for immigrant and non-immigrant visas?

Sunny Thomas,Changanacherry

To apply for an immigrant visa, a foreign citizen must be sponsored by a U.S. citizen relative, a U.S. lawful permanent resident relative, or by a prospective employer, and be the beneficiary of an approved petition with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). For more information on immigrant visas, please visit http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/immigrants/immigrants_1340.html.

If you are planning to visit the United States on a temporary ba-sis, you will need a non-immigrant visa. Non-immigrant visas are based on the purpose of travel. The main types are tourist/busi-ness travelers (B1/B2), temporary workers (H or L), students and exchange visitors (F, J, and M), crew members (C1/D), religious workers (R), and dependent visas (H4, F2, J2, L2, and R2). The qualifications and requirements for each visa class may be found on our website: http://chennai.us-consulate.gov/temporary-visitors.html.

U.S. comments about Kerala in Wikileaks?

Dijo Kappen,Pala

We cannot speak to the au-thenticity of purported classified documents provided to the press. But U.S. policy and affection for India, and particularly for Kerala, is well-known. As President Obama expressed during his visit to India in November, the U.S. and India are bound by shared interests and values, and we are building a rela-tionship that is one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century.

Kerala is well-represented among the large Indian-American communities across the U.S, and

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Keralites have excelled in govern-ment, as well as in the private sec-tor. American diplomats engage regularly with the government, po-litical and social leaders of Kerala, and interact widely with student and business communities.

How many Indians live in the U.S.?

Sugunan Krishnan,Ahmedabad

The community of Indian-Americans and Indian residents in the U.S. has grown rapidly, to around 25-30 lakh. To learn more, please visit http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/immigration.html. Please note the

U.S. does not track state-by-state origins of Indians in the U.S.

Requirements to practice nursing in the U.S.?

Sheela Kurian,Thodupuzha

To practice nursing in the United States, foreign-trained nurses are required to obtain li-censure after passing qualifying examinations. More information is available from the Commission on Graduates for Foreign Nursing Schools (CGFNS) at http://www.cgfns.org/.

How much from the income of those who work in America can send back to their home country?

There is no restriction in U.S. law on money sent back by for-eign workers to their home coun-tries. Such remittances are often very important for the families of such workers.

How much from the income of those who work in America can send back to their home country?

Justin Kurian,Iringalakkuda

There is no restriction in U.S. law on money sent back by for-eign workers to their home coun-tries. Such remittances are often very important for the families of such workers.

April 2011

ASk AmericA | 9

B≥Up knwIn≥(tIm¨k¬ P\-d¬ Hm^v

Zn bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰kv


P∏m≥ Zpc¥wP∏m≥ Zpc¥wP∏m≥ Zpc¥wP∏m≥ Zpc¥wP∏m≥ Zpc¥w

]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-°ptam?]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-°ptam?]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-°ptam?]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-°ptam?]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-°ptam?BW-h-\-bhpw C¥y-bp-am-

bp≈ kl-I-c-Whpw Dƒs∏sSbp.-Fkv \b-Øn¬ P∏m≥ Zpc¥w Fs¥-¶nepw ]Xym-LmXwD≠m-°ptam?

h¿Kokv tPmk^vv

Fd-Wm-Ipfw

]Yahpw, F√m-Øn\pw D]-cn-bmbpw P∏m≥ P\-X-tbm-sSm∏w Rß-fpsS Nn¥-Ifpw]m¿∞-\ -IfpwtNcp-∂p. Zpc-¥-sØ-Øp-S¿∂p-≠mb \mi-\-jvS-ß-fp-sSbpw ]f-b-Øn-t‚bpw ImgvN-IƒlrZ-b-t`-Z-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-tcm-[,Du¿÷-h-Ip-∏p-Ifpw bp.-Fkv GP≥kn t^m¿ C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Uh-e-]vsa‚ v Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ hnhn[ bp.-Fkv k¿°m¿ GP≥kn-Iƒ Zpc-¥- q-an-bn¬ \n¿h-ln®]b-Xv\-tØm-sSm∏w c£m˛ ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°mbn 60e£-Øn-tesd tUmf-dns‚ kmº-ØnI klm-bhpw bp.-Fkv \mfn-Xp-hsc\¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

AtXm-sSm∏w, Ata-cn-°-bpsSBW-h-hy-h-km-bsØ IqSp-X¬ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Cu A\p-`-h-Øn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw H_ma `c-W-IqSw i≤ tIµo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.]p\-cp-≤m-cW Du¿÷-tkm-X-kp-I-

fmb Im‰v, kutcm¿÷w F∂n-hbpw]IrXn hmX-Iw, ¢o≥ tImƒ (Im¿_¨ aen-\o-I-cWw XS-bp∂ kmt¶-XnI hnZy), BWh Du¿÷w F∂n-hbpw Dƒs∏sS hn`n-∂-ß-fmb Du¿÷-km-[y-X-Iƒ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkvBcm-b-W-sa∂v H_ma c-W-IqSw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bp-am-bp≈ BWh kl-I-cWw kw_-‘n-®v, ssk\n-tI-Xc BWh kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ e-ß-fpw˛ CcpcmPy-ß-fnepwsXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßƒ krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂kmº-ØnI hf¿®bpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw Dƒs∏-sS˛ c≠p cmPy-ßƒ°pw bmYm¿∞y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-km\ \S]-Sn-Iƒ°mbn \ΩpsS k¿°m-cp-Iƒ HsØm-cp-an®v ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Z£n-W˛ a[yGjy≥ Imcy-ßƒ°m-bp≈ Akn-

Ã‚ v skI-´dn Hm^v tÃ‰vtdm_¿´v tª°v CubnsS]d-™-Xp-t]m-se, "C¥y-bp-am-bp≈ ssk\n-tI-Xc BWh kl-I-cWw apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ Gsd ]Xn-_-≤-cm-bn-Ø-s∂-bn-cn-°p-∂p.'

e£ywe£ywe£ywe£ywe£yw

ap…o-ßtfm?-ap…o-ßtfm?-ap…o-ßtfm?-ap…o-ßtfm?-ap…o-ßtfm?-hnam-\-Øm-h-f-ß-fn

epw a‰n-S-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ h¿≤n® kpc-£-bpsS e£yw ap…o-ß-fmtWm?

Fw. apl-ΩZv tk´v,

]qP-∏pc

hnam\-Øm-h-f-ß-fn-eqsS bp.-F-kn-te°v hcp-∂-hcpw D≈n-eqsS bmX sNøp-∂-h-cp-amb F√m-h-cpw, bp.-Fkv ]uc-∑m¿ Dƒs∏-sS, kam-\-ambkpc£m ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-Wv. \nb-a-hm-gvN, \oXn-bp-tS-XmbXXz-ßƒ, \yq\-]£ hn`m-K-ß-f-S-°-ap≈ Rß-fpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ°p-≈n-ep≈ apgp-h≥ P\-ß-fp-sSbpw kpc£ F∂n-h-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-am-b-XmWv Rß-fpsS _lp kmwkv°m-

cnI kaq-lw. BtKmf oI-c-hmZ oj-Wn-Iƒ aqew Nne B`y-¥c kpc£m\b-ßƒ ]cn-jv°-cn-t°≠n h∂n-´p-s≠-¶nepw bp.-F-kn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-hcpw kµ¿i-I-cp-am-bp≈ F√m-h¿°pw \nba ]cn-c£ Dd-∏m-°p-∂XvRß-fpsS k¿°m¿ XpS-cpw. HmK-Ãn¬ ssh‰v lukn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n®C^vXm¿ hncp-∂n-\nsS ]kn-U‚ v H_ma ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se, "F√m aX-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ Bfp-Isf Cu cmPy-tØ°vkzmKXw sNøp∂ XXz-kw-ln-XbpwAh-tcmSv hnth-N-\-tØmsS s]cp-am-dmØ k¿°mcpw "\Ωƒ Bcv F∂-Xn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.'

IIIIIpSn-tb-dm≥pSn-tb-dm≥pSn-tb-dm≥pSn-tb-dm≥pSn-tb-dm≥

F¥p-sF¥p-sF¥p-sF¥p-sF¥p-sN-øWw?N-øWw?N-øWw?N-øWw?N-øWw?Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v IpSn-tb-

dm≥ BK-l-ap-≠v. ]t£, IqsS-∏n-d-∏p-Iƒ Bcpw Ahn-sS-bn√?

dPn amXyp

Xncp-h√

IpSntb‰ (C-an-K‚ v) hnkbv°vAt]-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v bp.-Fkv ]uc-\mb _‘pthm bp.-F-kn¬ \nb-a-m-\p-krX ÿnc-Xm-a-k-°m-ct\m `mhn-sXm-gn-ep-S-atbm BZyw \nßsf kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. bp.-Fkvkn‰n-k¨ jn]v B‚ v Can-tK-j≥k¿ho-k-kns‚ (bp.-F-kv. kn.-sF.-F-kv) A\p-aXn ]Xw (A-]qhvUv s]‰o-j≥) e`n-®n-´p-≈-bm-fp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.hey-∏≥/hey-Ω, AΩmbn/ AΩm-h≥, C≥ temkv, Ikn≥kv XpS-ßnb_‘-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿°v kvt]m¨k¿sNøm-\m-hn-s√-∂p-≈Xv Zb-hmbn i

22 tIc-f-i_vZw . 15 sabv 2011

May 2011

10 | ASk AmericA

hmb-\-°m-cpsS tNmZy-ßƒ°v sNss∂ bp.-F-kv. tIm¨kp-te‰v adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂ Cu ]w‡n-bn-te°v tNmZy-ßƒCsa-bn-embpw Ab-bv°mw. Csa-bn¬ hnem-kw: [email protected]

sk¬t^m-Wn-eq-sSbpw _‘-s∏Smw: 09445898480



≤n-°p-I. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in -°p -I, http://www.uscis.gov/or http://travel.state.gov/visa/.

H_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒFs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?

H_ma `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ][m\ t\´-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

kn.-]n. \mb¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

(ap≥ No^v skI´-dn,

tIcf k¿°m¿)

. Cdm -Jn¬\n∂v bp. -F -kv .ssk\ysØ ka-b-Iaw A\p-k-cn®v]n≥h-en-°¬. H∏w-Xs∂ A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n¬ A¬ssJz-Z-s°-Xn-cmb \o°-ß-fn-te°v ssk\nI tijnsbam‰n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-epw.. 2009 Pq¨ \men\v sIbvtdm-bn¬ \S-Ønb ]kw-K-Øn-eq-sSbpwa‰p \S-]-Sn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Ad_v temIhpw bp.-F-kp-am-bp≈ _‘w ]p\xkrjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v \S-Ønb ia-ßƒ.. hml-\-ßƒ°v Db¿∂ s]tSmƒ anX-hyb am\-Z-fi-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ DØ-c-hv. shX-ssd-tk-j≥, Sm≥kn‰v t]mKmw,ssl_nUv/Ce-I v SnI v hml\D¬∏m-Z\w XpS-ßnb ip≤ Du¿÷kwcw`-ßƒ°v \¬Inb ]n¥p-W.]pXnb kvam¿ v KnUv sshZypXn ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-Øn-ep≈ \nt£-]w.

kmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-ab]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn

Ct¥m˛ bp.-Fkv kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-ab ]cn-]mSn?

PK-Zojv

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

(N-e-®nX Xmcw)

kam\-cw-K-Øp-≈-h-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v temI-sa-ßp-\n-∂p-ap≈ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Bfp-IsfbpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp∂ hnhn[ hn\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒbp.-F-kv. k¿°m¿ kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp-∂p-≠v. kmwkv°m-cnI/ cmjvSo bcwKsØ hnS-hp-Iƒ tbmPn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, \Ωƒ F√m-hcpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p∂ imizX _‘-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu ]cn-]m-

Sn-Iƒ t]c-W-bm-Ip-∂p-≠v.

kzImcy/ s]mXp-ta-J-e-Iƒ, hnZym-`ymk cwKw, Xn¶v Sm¶v, k¿°m-cn-

Xc k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ (F≥.-Pn.-H), am[y-a-cw-Kw, cmjvSo-bw, \nb-a˛\nb-a-\n¿h-lW cwKw, \oXn-\ymb

hyh-ÿ, Ie, ImbnI cwKw XpSßnhnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ hym]n®p InS-°p∂ mhn t\Xm-°-fmb bphm-°ƒ/

bph-Xn-I-fmWv Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS`mK-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.-Cu-b-SpØ h¿j-ß-fn-embn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°m-bn, ]tXy-

In®pw ]Xn-Iqe ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn-eqsS hcp-∂-h¿°v, ]tXyI hn\n-ab]cn-]mSn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn- p-≠v. bp.-

Fkv k¿°m¿ kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp∂ hn\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ CXn-t\m-SIw c≠p e£-Øn-e-[nIw t]¿

]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-´p-≠v. Hmtcm h¿jhpwCu kwJy IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. hn\n-ab `mK-am-bn-´p-≈-h-cn¬

ap∂q-dn-te-sd-t∏¿ cmjvS-Ø-e-h-cm-Ip-Itbm k¿°m-cns‚ Xe-∏-sØ-Øp-Itbm Ah-c-h-cpsS taJ-e-I-fn¬

t\Xr-ÿm-\-sØ-Øp-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ]kn-U‚ v ]Xn- m-]m- o¬, ap≥][m-\-a-¥n-am-cmb F.-_n. hmPvt]-bn, Cµn-cm-Km-‘n, samdm¿Pn tZim-bn,

]apJ ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-cmb tiJ¿Kp]vX, _Im-Z-Øv, Fw.-sP. AIv_¿,Iem/ kn\nam cwK-Øp≈ a√nIm

kmcm- m-bv, inhmPn KtW-i≥, tXm´mXc-Wn, Kncojv I¿Wm-Sv, KncojvImk-d-h-≈n, iymw _\-K¬, kmaqly

]h¿Ø-Icpw k¿°m¿ CXc k∂≤ kwL-S\m ta[m-hn-Ifpw BbCfm v, hµ\m tKm]n-Ip-am¿, ]n≥In

B\µv XpS-ßn-b-hcpw hn\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-am-bn-´p≈ ]apJ C¥y-°m-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. IqSp-X¬

hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I, http://exchanges.state.gov/. .

2012 \hw-_-dnse sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ho≠pw P\-hn[n tXSm≥, Btem-Nn-°p-∂-Xmbn C°-gn™ G]n¬ \men\v ]kn-U‚ v H_ma ]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-]£ dn∏-ªn-°≥ ]£sØ apJy-ÿm-\m¿∞n-Iƒ ]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Hcp-°-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ hmZ-]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]kn-U‚ns‚ ]e A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Db¿Øn-°m-´p∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ][m\t\´-ßƒ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bmWv:. hn]p-e-amb ]cn-[n-bp≈ BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kpw sNehp Ipd-bv°m-\p≈ ia-ßƒ°v \S-]-SnbpwDƒs∏-Sp∂ BtcmKy c£m ]≤Xn]cn-jvI-cW \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Ww.. bp.-Fkv kºZv hyh-ÿsbt\tc-\n¿Øm-\mbn Bhn-jvI-cn®kmº-ØnI DtØ-P\ ]mt°-Pns‚\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-hpw, 2007 ¬ XpS-ßnbBtKmf kmº-ØnI amµysØ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v temI-t\-Xm-°-fp-ambn tN¿∂v \S-Ønb A\p-_‘ ia-ß-fpw.

Ata-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mw

15 sabv 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 23

May 2011

ASk AmericA | 11

1. Tragedy in Japan-- any impact on U.S. policy, including nuclear policy and cooperation with India?

Varghese Joseph, ErnakulamFirst and foremost, our

thoughts and prayers go out to the people of Japan. The images of destruction and flooding that followed the disaster were heart-breaking. To date, the U.S. has dedicated more than six million dollars in humanitarian funding to assist with rescue and rebuilding efforts, along with on-the-ground efforts from several U.S. govern-ment agencies, including the De-partment of Defense, Department of Energy and the U.S. Agency for International Development.

At the same time, the Obama Administration has focused on learning from this experience to strengthen America’s nuclear in-dustry. The administration be-lieves that the United States must rely on a diverse set of energy op-tions, including renewable sources like wind and solar, as well as nat-ural gas, clean coal, and nuclear power. With respect to nuclear cooperation with India, our gov-ernments are working closely to-gether to complete the final steps required for both our countries to realize the full benefits of civil nuclear cooperation—including economic growth and sustainable development—that would gener-ate employment in both countries. As Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Af-fairs Robert Blake said recently, “We remain very much committed to pursuing civil nuclear coopera-tion with India.”

2. Increased security at airports and elsewhere. Targeting Muslims?

M. Muhammad SaitPoojappura, Thiruvananthapuram

All travelers entering or trav-eling within the U.S. via airport, including all U.S. citizens, are sub-ject to the same security require-ments. Our multicultural society depends upon the rule of law, the principles of fairness, and the protection of all people within our borders, including members of mi-nority groups. While global terror-ist threats have led to revisions of

some homeland security policies, our government continues to seek and support equal protection under the laws for all those who reside in or visit the U.S. As President Obama said at the Iftar at the White House in August, “The principle that peo-ple of all faiths are welcome in this country and that they will not be treated differently by their govern-ment is essential to who we are.”

3. Interested in immigrating to the U.S. but don’t have siblings there.

Reji Mathew, ThiruvallaTo apply for an immigrant visa, you must first be sponsored by an eligible U.S. citizen relative, U.S. lawful permanent resident, or by a prospective employer, and be the beneficiary of an approved petition filed with U.S. Citizenship and Im-migration Services (USCIS). Please note, grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws, and cousins cannot spon-sor a relative for immigration. For more information, please visit http://www.uscis.gov/ or http://travel.state.gov/visa/.

4. Main achievements of the Obama administration?

C.P.Nair, Thiruvanananthapuram

Former Chief Secretary, KeralaPresident Obama announced

April 4 that he plans to seek re-election in the November 2012 election. As the leading opposi-tion candidates among the Repub-licans have begun to debate among themselves in preparation for the campaign, many supporters of the President have cited as some of his main achievements:• enactmentofhealthcarereform,

with expanded health insurance coverage and measures to at-tempt to control costs;

• enactmentoftheU.S.economicstimulus package to stabilize the U.S. economy, as well as related work with world leaders to com-bat the world financial crisis that began in 2007;

• withdrawalofU.S.militaryforcesfrom Iraq proceeding on schedule, along with redirection of resources and effort to operations in Afghan-istan against Al Qaeda;

• worked toattempt to transform

relations between the U.S. and the Arab world through the June 4, 2009, speech in Cairo, and other measures;

• orderedhigherpetrolefficiencystandards for automobiles, and supported such clean energy initiatives as weatherization, transit programs and hybrid/electric vehicle production, and new 'smart grid' electrical infra-structure investments

5. Indo-U.S. cultural exchange? Jagadeesh,

Film actor, ThiruvananthapuramThe U.S. Government spon-

sors various exchange programs that bring thousands of people from all over the world to connect with their counterparts in the Unit-ed States. These programs allow participants to bridge cultural and political divides to cultivate last-ing relationships that help address challenges that face us all.

Exchange grantees range from young emerging leaders from the private and public sectors, aca-demia, think tanks, NGOs, media, politics, law and law enforcement, judiciary, arts, sports and other sectors. In recent years, special exchange programs have been de-veloped for college and school stu-dents, especially from underserved and underprivileged backgrounds. More than 200,000 distinguished individuals have participated in various U.S. Government spon-sored exchange programs and the numbers are growing each year. More than 300 of them have gone on to become chiefs of state, heads of government or leaders in their field.

Some prominent Indian ex-change grantees include President Pratibha Patil; former Prime Min-isters Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Indira Gandhi, and Morarji Desai; well known journalists like Shekar Gup-ta, Barkha Dutt, and MJ Akbar; artists and filmmakers like Mallika Sarabhai, Sivaji Ganesan, Thota Tharrani, Girish Karnad, Girish Kasaravalli, and Shyam Benegal; social activists and NGO heads like Ela Bhat, Vandana Gopikumar, Pinky Anand and others. For more information, please visit http://ex-changes.state.gov/.

May 2011





≤n-°p-I. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in -°p -I, http://www.uscis.gov/or http://travel.state.gov/visa/.

H_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒH_m-abpsS t\ -ßƒFs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?Fs¥√mw?

H_ma `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ][m\ t\´-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

kn.-]n. \mb¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

(ap≥ No^v skI´-dn,

tIcf k¿°m¿)

. Cdm -Jn¬\n∂v bp. -F -kv .ssk\ysØ ka-b-Iaw A\p-k-cn®v]n≥h-en-°¬. H∏w-Xs∂ A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n¬ A¬ssJz-Z-s°-Xn-cmb \o°-ß-fn-te°v ssk\nI tijnsbam‰n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-epw.. 2009 Pq¨ \men\v sIbvtdm-bn¬ \S-Ønb ]kw-K-Øn-eq-sSbpwa‰p \S-]-Sn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Ad_v temIhpw bp.-F-kp-am-bp≈ _‘w ]p\xkrjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v \S-Ønb ia-ßƒ.. hml-\-ßƒ°v Db¿∂ s]tSmƒ anX-hyb am\-Z-fi-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ DØ-c-hv. shX-ssd-tk-j≥, Sm≥kn‰v t]mKmw,ssl_nUv/Ce-I v SnI v hml\D¬∏m-Z\w XpS-ßnb ip≤ Du¿÷kwcw`-ßƒ°v \¬Inb ]n¥p-W.]pXnb kvam¿ v KnUv sshZypXn ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-Øn-ep≈ \nt£-]w.

kmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-abkmwkv°m-cnI hn\n-ab]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn]cn-]mSn

Ct¥m˛ bp.-Fkv kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-ab ]cn-]mSn?

PK-Zojv

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

(N-e-®nX Xmcw)

kam\-cw-K-Øp-≈-h-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v temI-sa-ßp-\n-∂p-ap≈ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Bfp-IsfbpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp∂ hnhn[ hn\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒbp.-F-kv. k¿°m¿ kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp-∂p-≠v. kmwkv°m-cnI/ cmjvSo bcwKsØ hnS-hp-Iƒ tbmPn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, \Ωƒ F√m-hcpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p∂ imizX _‘-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu ]cn-]m-

Sn-Iƒ t]c-W-bm-Ip-∂p-≠v.

kzImcy/ s]mXp-ta-J-e-Iƒ, hnZym-`ymk cwKw, Xn¶v Sm¶v, k¿°m-cn-

Xc k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ (F≥.-Pn.-H), am[y-a-cw-Kw, cmjvSo-bw, \nb-a˛\nb-a-\n¿h-lW cwKw, \oXn-\ymb

hyh-ÿ, Ie, ImbnI cwKw XpSßnhnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ hym]n®p InS-°p∂ mhn t\Xm-°-fmb bphm-°ƒ/

bph-Xn-I-fmWv Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS`mK-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.-Cu-b-SpØ h¿j-ß-fn-embn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°m-bn, ]tXy-

In®pw ]Xn-Iqe ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn-eqsS hcp-∂-h¿°v, ]tXyI hn\n-ab]cn-]mSn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn- p-≠v. bp.-

Fkv k¿°m¿ kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp∂ hn\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ CXn-t\m-SIw c≠p e£-Øn-e-[nIw t]¿

]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-´p-≠v. Hmtcm h¿jhpwCu kwJy IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. hn\n-ab `mK-am-bn-´p-≈-h-cn¬

ap∂q-dn-te-sd-t∏¿ cmjvS-Ø-e-h-cm-Ip-Itbm k¿°m-cns‚ Xe-∏-sØ-Øp-Itbm Ah-c-h-cpsS taJ-e-I-fn¬

t\Xr-ÿm-\-sØ-Øp-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ]kn-U‚ v ]Xn- m-]m- o¬, ap≥][m-\-a-¥n-am-cmb F.-_n. hmPvt]-bn, Cµn-cm-Km-‘n, samdm¿Pn tZim-bn,

]apJ ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-cmb tiJ¿Kp]vX, _Im-Z-Øv, Fw.-sP. AIv_¿,Iem/ kn\nam cwK-Øp≈ a√nIm

kmcm- m-bv, inhmPn KtW-i≥, tXm´mXc-Wn, Kncojv I¿Wm-Sv, KncojvImk-d-h-≈n, iymw _\-K¬, kmaqly

]h¿Ø-Icpw k¿°m¿ CXc k∂≤ kwL-S\m ta[m-hn-Ifpw BbCfm v, hµ\m tKm]n-Ip-am¿, ]n≥In

B\µv XpS-ßn-b-hcpw hn\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-am-bn-´p≈ ]apJ C¥y-°m-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. IqSp-X¬

hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I, http://exchanges.state.gov/. .

2012 \hw-_-dnse sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ho≠pw P\-hn[n tXSm≥, Btem-Nn-°p-∂-Xmbn C°-gn™ G]n¬ \men\v ]kn-U‚ v H_ma ]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-]£ dn∏-ªn-°≥ ]£sØ apJy-ÿm-\m¿∞n-Iƒ ]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Hcp-°-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ hmZ-]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]kn-U‚ns‚ ]e A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Db¿Øn-°m-´p∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ][m\t\´-ßƒ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bmWv:. hn]p-e-amb ]cn-[n-bp≈ BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kpw sNehp Ipd-bv°m-\p≈ ia-ßƒ°v \S-]-SnbpwDƒs∏-Sp∂ BtcmKy c£m ]≤Xn]cn-jvI-cW \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Ww.. bp.-Fkv kºZv hyh-ÿsbt\tc-\n¿Øm-\mbn Bhn-jvI-cn®kmº-ØnI DtØ-P\ ]mt°-Pns‚\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-hpw, 2007 ¬ XpS-ßnbBtKmf kmº-ØnI amµysØ t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v temI-t\-Xm-°-fp-ambn tN¿∂v \S-Ønb A\p-_‘ ia-ß-fpw.


15 sabv 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 23

12 | ASk AmericA




_n≥ emZ-s\-Xn-cmb

\S-]SnkzX¥ ]c-am-[n-Imc cmPy-amb

]mIn-ÿms‚ D≈n¬ IS∂v Hkma_n≥ emZs\ ]nSn°m≥ \S-ØnbGI-]-£ob \o°-Øn\v F¥v\ymbo-I-c-W-am-Wp-≈-Xv. apwss_òI-cm-I-a-W-Ønse ]Xn-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sm-\mbn kam-\-amb Hcp IS-∂p-I-b‰w C¥y \S-Øn-bm¬ Ata-cn° ]n¥p-W-bv°ptam?

j_o¿ ]mte-cn,

tImgn-t°mSv

]mIn-ÿm≥ Hcp ]c-am-[n-Imc cmPy-am-Wv. bp.-Fkv AXv am\n-°p-∂p.òI-c-hmZ òj-Wnsb sNdp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn bp.-F-kv. ]mIn-ÿm≥ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ HsØm-cp-an®v ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn\pw temI-Øn\pw Hkma _n≥ emZ≥ Db¿Øp∂ ojWn IW-°n-se-SpØv Cu

]tXyI \S-]Sn kw_-‘n® ]≤-Xn-bpsS hnh-c-ßƒ AXp hnP-b-I-c-ambn]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xp-hsc AXo-h-I¿i-\-ambn hne-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]mIn-ÿm\n¬ AI-tam-’pIòI-c-X-bvs°-Xnsc kz¥w P\m-[n-]-XysØ ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p∂ P\-ß-tfbpw c-W-Iq-S-tØbpw klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cm-Wv. ]kn-U‚ v H_ma ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se, ]m°n-ÿm-s\-Xn-tcbpw Hkma_n≥ emZ≥ bp≤-]-Jym-]\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnepw bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vknepw ]m°n -ÿm-\nepwDƒs∏sS \nc-h[n cmPy-ß-fn-embnIq´-s°m-e-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-bm-fmWv _n≥ emZ≥. emZs‚ A¥ysØ kam-[m-\-Ønepw am\-hn-I-X-bnepw hniz-kn-°p∂ F√m-hcpw kzmKXw sNø-Ww. 26/11 Xoh-hmZn BI-

aWw kw_-‘n®v C¥ym k¿°m-cp-

ambn ASp-Øn-S-s]´v bpssW-‰Uv

tÃ‰vkv ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. òI-c-X-

bvs°-Xn-cmb hnhn-[-ß-fmb hnj-b-

ß-fn¬ Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈

kl-I-cWw XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøpw.

At_m-´m-_m-Zn¬ _n≥em-Z≥ Hfn®p-Xm-a-kn-®n-cp∂ hoSv.C≥sk-‰n¬ _n≥ em-Z≥

kmlnXy

Ahm¿Up-Iƒkmln-Xy-t]m-’m-l-\-Øn-\mbn

Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ][m\]≤-Xn-Ifpw ][m\ Ahm¿Up-IfpwGsXm-s°-bmWv?

Ggw-Ipfw taml≥Ip-am¿,

ASq¿

s]mXp ≠nw-Kn\v t]c-W-bm-Ip-∂-Xpw, kzImcy ]¶m-fn-ØsØ t]m’m-ln-∏n°p∂-Xp-amb Ne-\m-fl-

Ihpw hntI-µo-Ir-X-hp-amb kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv Ie-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv t]mjn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y-bnse tIµ, kwÿm\ kmlnXy A°m-Z-an-Iƒt]mse \mj-W¬ F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v t^m¿ B¿Svkpw (F≥.-C.-F) tÃ‰v, ]mtZ-inI k¿°m¿ GP≥kn-Ifpw bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ Ie-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw kPo-h-ambn t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p.

hntZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ata-cn-°≥ Ie-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂Xn-\p≈ ]≤Xn-Iƒ bp.-F-kv. tÃ‰v Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚ _yqtdmHm^v FPyq-t°-j-W¬ B‚ v Iƒ®-d¬ A^-tbgvkv BWv t\m°n \S-Øp-∂Xv. ]t£, Iem-˛-km-lnXy ^≠nw-Kn-\p≈ samØw XpI-bpsS c≠v

]pen‰vk¿ saU¬

June 2011

ASk AmericA | 13

iX-am\w amX-amWv sÛ-d¬ k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂Xv. tÃ‰v, ]mtZ-inIIem GP≥kn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ^≠nwKv F´v iX-am\w hcpw. kzImcyhy‡n-Iƒ tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Iƒ a‰v kzIm-

\-Iƒ°v \¬Ip∂ kw`m-h-\-Isf \nIpXn ]cn-[n-bn-ep≈ BZm-b-Øn¬\n∂v shń-°p-d-bv°p-∂-Xn\v Nmcn-‰-_nƒ C≥Iw SmIvkv UnU-£\vAta-cn-°-°msc A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Ata-cn-°≥ A°m-Zan Hm^v B¿Svkv B‚ v set‰gvkv tKmƒUv saU¬, ]pen‰vk¿ ss]kv (I-Y, \mS-Iw,IhnX F∂n-h-bv°pw, ItY-X-c, ]X-]-h¿ØI hn`m-K-ßƒ°pw ]pen-‰vk¿ kΩm-\w Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p). \mj-W¬ _p°v Ahm¿Uv (I-Y, ItY-X-c, Ihn-X, _me-km-ln-Xyw), Ata-cn-

C¥y˛]m-In-ÿm≥ kam-[m\ ]In-b-Iƒ°v i‡-amb thZn-IƒD≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ata-cn-°≥ \o°-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw hnPbwI≠n-´p-≠v. AtX-k-a-bw, Nne Ata-cn-°≥ hntZ-i-Imcy skI-´-dn-am¿]m°n-ÿm-\n-seØn ]£-]mX-]-c-amb ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-bpw, kam-[m\ ]In-b-Isf XInSw adn°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. Rß-sf-t∏m-se-bp≈ Bfp-I-fn¬ CXv Bi-b-°p-g∏w krjvSn-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°sb kwi-b-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS t\m°m\pw CXv t]cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. C¥ym--]m°v _‘-ß-fn¬ Ata-cn-°-bpsS kXy-k-‘-amb \ne-]mSv F¥mWv?

kptcjvtKm]n, sIm√w

(N-e-®nX \S≥)

C¥ym-˛-]m-°n-ÿm≥ _‘-ß-fn-ep≈ bp.-F-kv. \bw hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. C¥ybpw ]m°n-ÿm\pw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-j-W-ßfpw sa®-s∏´_‘hpw bp.-F-kv. Ft∏mgpw kzmKXw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. XZ-\p-kr-X-am-bn B

N¿®-I-fpsS thKhpw hym]vXnbpw kz`m-hhpw C¥y-bp-tSbpw ]mIn-ÿm-t‚bpw t\Xm-°ƒ \n›-bn-°-W-sa-∂pw, apXn¿∂ bp.-F-kv A[n-Ir-X¿ XpS¿®-bmbn]d-™n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. XpS¿®-bm-bp≈ N¿®-Ifpw Ccp-cm-Py-ß-fn-tebpw P\-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]ckulr-Z-Øns‚ hnIm-khpw IqSp-X¬ kar-≤hpwim¥-hp-amb taJe Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-am-Ip-sa∂v H_ma `c-W-IqSw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, C¥y-tbbpw ]mIn-ÿm-t\bpw ASp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ "In°‰v \b-X¥'Øn\p≈ ]m[m\yw Xncn-®-dn-™v, hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-°nbN¿®-I-fp-ambn apt∂m-´p-h∂ Ccp-k¿°m-cp-I-tfbpwC¥y-bpsS temI-I∏v hnP-b-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v Aw_m-kn-U¿ XntamØn sP. tdma¿ A`n-\-µn-®n-cp-∂p.

Aw_m-kn-U¿

XntamØn

sP. tdma¿

cy-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-Wv^≠nw-Kn-te-sdbpw (43 iX-am\w) \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Iem-km-lnXy t]m’m-l-\-Øn\v emt`— IqSmsX ]h¿Øn-°p-∂, tbmKy-X-bp≈ kwLS-

°≥ _p°v Ahm¿Uv, s]≥ en‰-ddnAhm¿Uv, bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv t]mb‰v semtd‰v (B-ÿm-\-I-hn) H. sl≥dn Ahm¿Uv XpSßnb-h-bm-Wv Ata-cn-°bn¬ kmln-Xy-Øn-\p≈ ][m-\-s∏´ Ahm¿Up-Iƒ. CXv kw_-‘n®vIqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I. http.//www. nea.gov/.

ssSw tkmWp-IƒtÃPvtjmI-fp-ambn ]e ]mh

iyw Ata-cn° kµ¿in-®n-´p-≠v. Ata-cn-°-bnse ssSwtkm-Wp-I-fmWvbmX-°n-S-bn-se√mw henb _p≤n-ap-´mbn A\p-`-h-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. Ata-cn-°-bnse ssSw tkmWp-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≠v?

kpcmPv sh™m-d-Ωq-Sv,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

(N-e-®n-X-\-S≥)

\K-c-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ dbn¬ KXm-KXw Iqń-bn-W-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bn¬ 1883 emWv bp.-F-kn¬ ssSwtkmWp-Iƒ Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂-Xv. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]c-kv]cw GtIm-]-\tamkwhn-[m-\-ßtfm H∂pw C√msX kz¥w ]mtZ-inI ka-b-I-a-amWv bp.-F-knse Hmtcm \K-c-ßfpw ]n¥p-S-¿∂ncp∂-Xv.

1918 ¬ Ãm≥t‚¿Uv ssSw BIvSvbp.-F-kn¬ \nb-a-am-bn. ]I¬ ka-bsØ IqSp-X¬ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-

C¥ym-˛-]mIv _‘hpw

Ata-cn-°≥ \ne]mSpw

June 2011

14 | ASk AmericA

Øp∂ tUsse‰v tkhnMvkv ssSapwÃmt‚¿Uv ssSw BIvtSmsS \ne-

hn¬ h∂p. CX-\p-k-cn-®v, kmbm-”-sh-fn®w ]c-am-h-[n-bm-°p-∂-Xn\vicXv ImeØv Hcp aWn-°q¿ ]nt∂m-

´pw, hk-¥-Øn¬ Hcp aWn-°q¿apt∂m´pw Ivtfm°p-Iƒ Xncn-°-Ww.1966-˛¬ H∏p-h® \ne-hn-ep≈ ka-b-

\n -baw CutÃ¨, sk≥S¬,au≠≥, ]k-^n-Iv, lhm-bn-b≥,Aem -kvI≥ F∂o Bdv ssSw

tkmWp-I-fmWv krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.IqSmsX Acn-tkm-W, t]m¿t´m-dn-t°m, lhm-bv, bp.-F-kv. sh¿Pn≥

sFe‚ v , Ata -cn -°≥ ktamhF∂nh Hgn-sI-bp≈ F√m tÃ‰p-I-fnepw `qhn-`m-K-ß-fnepw tUsse‰v

tkhnMvkv ssSapw Cu \nb-a-tØmsS\ne-hn-ep-≠v. IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°m≥Zb-hmbn kµ¿in -°p -I. http://www.time.gov/

In°‰nt\m-Sp≈

kao-]\wAta-cn-°bv°v tZiob In°‰v

Sow Dt≠m?

AUz. Aa¬ Un. cmPv

Imhm-ew.

]mtZ-in-I, sF.kn.kn Sq¿W-sa‚p-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ tZiob In°‰v Sow bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn-\p-≠v. ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬_nó-jp-Im-cmWv bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vknte°v In°‰v FØn-®-Xv. ]t£,1850˛ 1860 h¿j-ß-fn-embn t_kvt_mƒ In°-‰ns\ Gsdbpw ]n¥-≈n. bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vknse sNdn-sbmcp Imbn-I-hn-t\m-Z-ambn \n¬°p-tºmgpw bp.Fkn-ep≈ 30 e£w C¥ym-°m-cp-tSbpw In°‰v ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ a‰v cmPy-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cp-tSbpw klm-b-Øm¬ In

hmb-\-°m-cpsS tNmZy-ßƒ°v sNss∂ bp.-F-kv. tIm¨kp-te‰v adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂ Cu ]w‡n-bn-te°v tNmZy-ßƒ Csa-bn-embpw Ab-bv°mw. Csa-bn¬ hnem-kw:askamerica [email protected]



Ata-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn-°mw, tIc-f-i_vZw hmcn-I,

sIm√w-˛1

Ata-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mw

°‰v IqSp-X¬ P\-]n-b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkvHm^v Ata-cn-° In°‰v Atkm-kn-tb-j-\mWv (bpF-kv-F-knF) Ata-cn-°-bnse In°-‰ns\ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xv. CXp-kw-_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I.http:/usaca.org/.

sÛ-d¬ _P-‰nse

shń-®p-cp-°-ep-IƒsÛ-d¬ _P-‰nse h≥ shń-

®p-cp-°-ep-Iƒ Ata-cn-°-bnse km[m-c-W-°msc Fßs\bmWv _m[n-°pI?

_nµp hn.-tPm-kv

FIvkn-Iyq-óhv F©n-\o-b¿.

sI.-F-kv. C.-_n. CS-a-e-bm¿

Ign™ Ipsd Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬Xs∂-bp≈ G‰hpw cq£-amb kmº-Øn-I-am-µy-Øn¬\n∂v bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkv Ic-I-b-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. sXmgn¬ \jvS-ß-fp-tS-Xmb c≠p-h¿j-ßƒ°p-tijw Ata-cn -°≥_nkn-\ v 10 e£-Øn-tesd ]pXnbsXmgn¬ Ah-k-c-ßƒ krjvSn®vkºZvhyhÿ ho≠pw hf-cm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. D]cn kmº-ØnI kqN-\-Iƒ s]mXpth ip`-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒX-s∂, Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kº-ZvL-S-\-bpsS hnim-e-ambAf-hp-I-fn-emWv bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkvhniz-kn-°p-∂Xv. kz]v\-ap≈ sNdp-InS hyh-km-bntbm D÷z-e-amb ]pXnb Bi-b-ap≈ Hcp kwcw-`-It\mBcm-sW-¶nepw km[m-cW Ata-cn-°-°m-c\v apt∂-dm-\p≈ Ahkcw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

\njv]-tbm-P-\-amb ]≤-Xn-Iƒshń-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xnepw hnZym-`ymkcwKw ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw BtKmfkºZvLS\-bn¬ a’-c-£-a-Xbv°vA\n-hm-cy-amb sshZKv[yw Ata-cn-°-°m¿°v \¬Ip∂ sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬ \nt£-]-Øn\pw bp.-F-kv.k¿°m¿ Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. k¿°m¿ Poh-\-°m-cpsS iºfw c≠p h¿j-tØbv°v ac-hn-∏n-®-Xpƒs∏-sS-bp≈Nne XymK-ßƒ sNøm≥ [\-ÿn-Xn-bpsS bmYm¿∞yw Ata-cn-°-°msc\n¿_-‘n-X-cm-°n-bn- p-≠v. ]t£ hnZq-c-`m-hn-bn¬ Ata-cn-°sb IpSq-X¬i‡-am-°p-∂-Xnepw Rß-fpsS P\-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬, kar-≤n-bp-≠m-°p-∂-Xnepw Cu _P‰v ]Xn-^-en-∏n°p∂ kmº-ØnI \b-ßƒ klm-b-I-am-Ipw. .

June 2011

ASk AmericA | 15

1. What justification can you give for your unilateral action to cap-ture Osama Bin Laden inside the territory of a sovereign country, Pakistan? Will you support India if it attempt for a similar operation inside Pakistan to nab the culprits involved in the Mumbai attacks?

Shabeer Paleri, Kozhikode

Pakistan is a sovereign nation and the U.S. respects that. The governments of the U.S. and Paki-stan work together closely in com-bating the threat of terrorism. In this particular operation, given the threat Usama bin Laden posed to the United States and the world, information about the plan was very tightly restricted until it had been successfully carried out.

In Pakistan we are committed to supporting the people and gov-ernment as they defend their own

democracy from violent extrem-ism. As President Obama said, Usama bin Laden had also declared war on Pakistan. Bin Laden was a mass murderer of people in many countries, including India, the United States, and Pakistan. His demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity. The United States has worked closely with the Govern-ment of India regarding the 26/11 terrorist attacks, and will continue to do so on a range of counterter-rorism issues.

2. What are the major projects in America to promote literature? What are the main literary awards in America?

Ezhamkulam Mohankumar, Adoor

The United States promotes arts and literature through a dy-

namic and decentralized system that leverages public funding while encouraging private generosity. Like the Central and State Sahitya Akademies in India, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and state and local government agen-cies actively promote arts and lit-erature in the United States.

The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. State Department administers many projects promoting American arts and literature abroad. However, the federal government provides only two percent of the total arts and literature funding. State and local art agencies provide eight per cent. Individual Americans, corpo-rations and other private institu-tions supply most of the funds (43 percent). Charitable income tax deduction allows Americans to subtract from their income for tax

June 2011

16 | ASk AmericA

purposes their donations to quali-fied nonprofit organizations pro-moting arts and literature.

Some of the important literary awards for American Literature in-clude American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals, the Pulit-zer Prize (for fiction, drama and po-etry, as well as various non-fiction and journalist categories), the Na-tional Book Award (Fiction, Non-Fiction, Poetry and Young-Adult Fiction), American Book Awards, PEN literary awards, United States Poet Laureate, and the O. Henry Award. To learn more, please visit http://www.nea.gov/.

3. American moves to provide strong platform for Indo-Pak peace process have often been success-ful. However some American Foreign Secretaries issue biased statements from Pakistan and sab-otage the peace process. This is confusing for people like us. This also prompts us to look at America suspiciously. What is the genuine policy of America on Indo-Pak re-lations?

Suresh Gopi, Film Actor, Kollam,

U.S. policy on Indo-Pakistan relations is very clear: the U.S. has always welcomed dialogue and better relations between India and Pakistan. Simultaneously, senior U.S. officials have repeatedly said that Indian and Pakistani leaders should determine the pace, scope, and character of that dialogue. The Obama Administration believes that continued dialogue, and the expansion of people-to-people ties between the two countries, offers promise for a more prosperous and peaceful region. For example, in the aftermath of India’s victory in the World Cup, Ambassador Ro-emer recognized the importance of “cricket diplomacy” for bringing India and Pakistan closer together and commended the two govern-

ments for holding talks that made progress on a range of issues.

4. I have visited America several times as part of stage shows. Dur-ing the visits, the time zone exist-ing there was the major cause for worry for me. We are interested to know more about the American time zones?

Suraj Venjarumoodu, Film Actor,

Thiruvananthapuram, Time zones in the U.S. began

in 1883, triggered by railroads looking to synchronize arrival and departure schedules from town to town. Previously, each town in the U.S. maintained its own local time, with no coordination or sys-tem.

In 1918 the Standard Time Act was passed into U.S. law. The Standard Time Act also cre-ated Daylight Savings time, which moves all clocks back one hour in the fall and one hour forward in the spring, to maximize afternoon sunlight. The current law regard-ing time, signed in 1966, estab-lishes six time zones, Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Hawai-ian, and Alaskan, as well as Day-light Savings Time in all states and territories except Arizona, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, U.S. Virgin Islands and American Samoa. To learn more, please visit http://www.time.gov/.

5. How will the huge federal bud-get effect the common man in America?

Bindu V. Jose, Executive Engineer, KSEB

Idamalaya, The United States is emerg-

ing from the worst recession in generations, but after nearly two years of job losses, the economy is beginning to grow again, with American businesses adding more than one million jobs. While the

overall macroeconomic trends are positive, the United States has al-ways believed in a broader mea-sure of economic health: the op-portunity for average Americans to get ahead, whether it’s a small businessperson with a dream or an entrepreneur with a great new idea. As such, the U.S. govern-ment is focused on cutting inef-fective programs while reforming education and investing in job training so that Americans have the skills necessary to compete in the global economy. Fiscal re-alities have forced Americans to make sacrifices, such as a two-year freeze on salaries for govern-ment employees, but in the long term, the fiscal choices reflected in the budget will make America stronger and our people more prosperous.

6. Whether America has a national team for Cricket?

Amal D. Raj, Advocate, Kavalam,

Yes, the United States has a national cricket team which par-ticipates in several regional and ICC sponsored events. The British brought cricket to United States in the early 18th century, but the game was largely supplanted by baseball in the 1850s and 1860s. Although cricket remains a mi-nority sport in the United States, it is finding increased popularity, helped in particular by the three million Indians who now reside in the U.S., along with immigrants from other countries in which cricket is popular. Cricket in America is governed by the United States of America Cricket Asso-ciation (USACA). To learn more, please visit http://usaca.org/.

June 2011

ASk AmericA | 17




A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n-se

bp.-F-kv. \S-]-Sn-IƒA^vKm\n-ÿm-\nse bp.-F-kv.

\S-]-Sn-I-tfbpw, Xmen-_ms‚ \ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn-tbbpw kw_-‘n®vhni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

bqPn≥ ^m≥knkv(e≠≥)_m_p Imhn¬ (IÆq¿)

ssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv Ft∏mgpw ]n¥m-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. Rß-fpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬AØ-c-samcp A\p-c-RvP\w \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]e \n_-‘-\-I-fp-sSbpwASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww. AIaw shSn-bp-I, A¬ssJzZ _‘w Hgn-hm-°p-I, A^vKm≥ `c-W-L-S\ AwKo-I-cn-°pI F∂nh Xmen-_m≥ ]men-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]Xn-tcm[ skI- dntdm_¿´v tK‰vkv ASp-ØnsS ]d-™-Xp-t]mse qcn-`mKw bp≤-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv cmjvSob ]In-b-bn-ep-sS-bmWv. kam-[m-\hpw ÿnc-XbpwA^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n¬ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v cmjvSo-bhpw ssk\n-I-hp-amb

]cm -a¿in -°p -∂p.Ata-cn-°-bpsS at[y-jy≥\b-Ønseam‰ -amtWm CXv]Xn -^ -en -∏n -°p -∂Xv? Aßs\bmsW-¶n¬ CXp-kw-_-‘n®v Cktben-sebpw bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰v-kn-sebpw P\-ß-fpsS kao -] -\sØ \b-cq-]o-I-cWhnZ-Kv[¿ Fß-s\-bmWv hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv?

tUm.-sI.-Fw.-koXns]m^-k¿,

C‚¿\m-j-W¬ dnte-j≥kv.alm-fl-Km‘n

bpWn-th-gvkn-‰n, tIm´bw

at[y-jy-bpsS `mhn kw_-‘n®vbp.-F- n-\p≈ ImgvN-∏mSv ]kn-U‚ vH_m-a-bpsS ]kwKw shfn-s∏-S-Øp-∂p-≠v. At±lw ]kvXm-hn-®n- p-≈-Xp-t]mse ]c-kv]cw AwKo -I-cn®ssIam-d-ep-I-tfmsS 1967 se tcJ-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°WwCk-tb-en-s‚bpw \n¿±n-jvS-]m-e-kvXo≥ cmjvS-Øn-s‚bpw AXn¿Øn-Iƒ. ]e-kvXo≥ cmjvS-Øn\v ]´mfw]mSn-√. Bbp-[-°-SØv XS-™pw,ê-]-Z-amb AXn¿Øn Imh¬ Hcp-°nbpw kΩ-Xn-®n- p-≈-Xp-t]mse oI-c-hmZw ho≠pw s]mßn-h-cp-∂Xv ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]e-kvXo≥ kpc-£m-hn- m-K-Øn-s‚bpw a‰p kwhn-[m\-ß-fp-sSbpw tijnsb ]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-hWw Ck-tb-en-tk-\-bpsSL´wL -am-bp≈ ]q¿Æ-]n-∑m‰w. Cu]cn-h¿Ø-\-Im-e-L- Øns‚ ka-b-]-cn[n AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn-°-Ww. AXn¿Øn-Iƒt]mse ]e taJ-e-I-fnepw CXvhyXym-k-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNømw. taJ-e-bnse t\Xm-°-fp-ambn ]kn-U‚ vH_m-abpw a‰p bp.-F-kv. t\Xm-°fpwC°m-cy-ß-sfms° kwkm-cn-®n-´p-≠v.hfsc ]m[m-\y-ap≈ Cu ]tZ-i-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°v bp.-F-kv. ]Xn-_≤-cm-bn-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cn°pw.

bp.-F-kv. \bw Iq´m-°msX Ck-

Rß-fpsS BtKmf ]¶m-fn-I-fpsStk\-Ifpw \nb-a-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-ambn kl-I-cn®v Xmen-_m-s‚bpw"A¬ssJz-Z'-bp-tSbpw hcp-am\ tkmX- p-Iƒ XI¿°p-∂-Xn\v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. CØcw oI-cXm-hn-cp-≤ -\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ oI-c-kw-L-ß-fpsS Bkq-XW ]≤-Xn-Iƒ XI¿°p-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn\pta¬ ISpØ kΩ¿±w Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ISpØ ssk\nI \S-]-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Xmen-_ms\ ][m-\-ambpw Rßƒ t\cn-ń-´p-≈-sX-¶nepw A^vKm≥ k¿°m-cns‚ A\p-c-RvP\ ia-ßsf bp

]cn-lm-c-am¿§-ßƒ Hcp-an®v Ah-ew-_n-°-W-sa-∂v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkvIcp-Xp-∂p.

Ck-tb¬-˛-

]-e-kvXo≥

\b-Øn¬

am‰-ap-≠m-bn-´pt≠m?1967 \v apºp≈ AXn¿Øn-bpsS

ASn -ÿm-\ -Øn¬ ]e-kvXo≥]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]pXnb N¿®-I-sf-∏‰n ]kn-U‚ v H_m-a-bpsS "Ad_v hk¥w' ]kwKw

July 2011

18 | ASk AmericA

tb-en-Ifpw ]e-kvXn-\n-I-fp-amWv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°mbn ap≥ssI FSp-t°-≠-Xv. Ah-cpsS apI-fn¬ Hcp kam-[m-\hpw ASn-t®¬∏n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.A\-¥-ambn sshIp-∂-Xn-eqsS ]iv\w amdn-t∏m-Ip-I-bp-an-√. ]t£, Ata-cn-°-bv°pw- cm-Pym-¥c kaq-l-Øn\pw

sNøm-\mhp-∂-Xn-Xm-Wv. F√m-h¿°pwAdn-bm-hp-∂Xv Xpd∂p-]-d-bpI; PqX-cm-jvShpw PqX-P-\-X-bpsS amXr-tZ-i-hp-ambn Ck-tbepw ]e-kvXo≥ P\-X-bpsS amXr-tZ-i-ambn ]e-kvXo≥ cmjvShpw. c≠v P\-X-Iƒ°v c≠v cmjvSw. kzbw-`-c-Wm-h-Im-ihpw ]c-kv]-c-_-lp-am-\hpw kam-[m-\hpw Ccp-cm-jvS-ßƒ°pw A\p-`-hn-°m-\p-am-I-Ww. Ch-sb√mw Dƒs°m≠mteÿmbn-bmb kam-[m\w ssIh-cn-°m-\m-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

Ata-cn-°-bnse

]X]-h¿Ø-Icpw

kwL-S-\-IfpwtZiob/ tÃ‰v Xe-Øn¬ Ata-

cn -°-bn¬ ]X-]-h¿Ø-I¿°vFs¥-¶nepw kwL-S-\-Ifpt≠m?]X-]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS iº-fhpwtkh\ L-S-\-Ifpw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ata-cn-°-bnse sÛ-d¬,tÃ‰v Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°v Fs¥-¶nepw \nb-¥Ww Dt≠m?

at\m-l-c≥ samdmbnP\-d¬ skI-´dn

tIcf ]X-]-h¿ØI

bqWn-b≥ Xncp-h-\¥]pcw

]X-]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS thX-\hpwa‰p tkh\LS-I-ßfpw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ C¥y-bn-te-Xp-t]mse k¿°m¿ \nb-¥-W-ßƒ H∂p -an -√. F∂n -cp -∂mepws]m^-j-W¬ anIhv Db¿Øp∂Xn-\mbn ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS ]e kwL-

S-\I-fp-ap-≠v. apgp-h≥ ka-b- ]-X-]-h¿Ø-I¿°pw, ]X-]-h¿Ø\X¬∏-c¿°pw CXn¬ tNcm-\m-hpw. skmssk‰n Hm^v s]m^-j-W¬ tP¿W-enÃv (http://www.spi.org) CXn\vHcp-]t£ G‰hpw \√ DZm-l-c-W-amWv kuØv Gjy≥tP¿W-en-Ãv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ (http:/www. saja.org/)t]mse kvs]jy-sse-tk-j≥, `qta-J-e, hwi ASn-ÿm-\ -ß-fnepw ]X- ] -h¿Ø-I-cpsS Iq´m-bva-I-fp-≠v . F√m -h¿°p -ap≈G‰hpw Ipd™ iºfw bp.-F -kv . sÛ-d¬/tÃ‰vk¿°m-cp-Iƒ \n›-bn-°pw.]t£ F√m hn`mKw sXmgn-ep-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-amb HtcXpI-bmWv Cu iº-fw. Ata-cn-°≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ Gsd BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hne-a-Xn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ hn`mK-amWv ]X-]-h¿Ø-I¿. bp.-F-kv. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS H∂mw t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS Ah-cpsS sXmgn-en\v kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw\¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

bp.-F- nse

cmjvSo-b]m¿ń-IƒcPn-Ã¿ sNø-s∏´ FX cmjv

Sob]m¿ń-Iƒ bp.-F-kn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p≠v?

s]m≥a\ h’--Ip-am¿,

Ipe-ti-J-cw, I\ym-Ip-amcn






bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv Ncn-X-Øn-te-sdbpw ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≈-Xv ZznI£n kº-Zm-b-Øn-em-Wv. Bbn-cØn

FÆq‰n A≥]-Xp-Iƒ°v (1850) tijw c≠p ]ap-J-]m¿ń-IfpsS ÿm\m¿∞n-I-fmWv ]kn-U‚ v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ amdn-amdn Pbn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. sNdp-I-£n-Ifpw kzX-¥-cp-ambn tIm¨Kkv ko‰v t\Sn-bn-´p-≈-hcpw hfscNpcp-°-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw \ne-hn¬ ap∏-Xn-tesd tZiob cmjvSob

]m¿ń-I-fpw, \nc-h[n ]mtZ-inI ]m¿ń-Ifpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]tXyIHcp hnj-b-Øn-te°v tZiob i≤

sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ NneImcy-ß-fn¬ CØcw ]m¿ń-Iƒ°v

July 2011

ASk AmericA | 19

]e-t∏mgpw ]tcm-£-amb kzm[o\w sNep-Øm-\m-hpw. c≠p

]apJ ]m¿ń ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v t]mtI≠ thm´p-IƒtNm¿Øn-s°m≠p sXc-s™-Sp∏p esØ kzm[o-\n-°m\pwaq∂mw I£n ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v Ign-bm-dp-≠v.

hntZi kmwkv°m-cnI

]cn-]m-Sn-IƒhntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v

Ata-cn-°≥ k¿°m¿ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn BXnYyw Acp-fm-dpt≠m?

Pn. lcn

Im¿´q-Wn-Ãv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

Hmtcm h¿jhpw Ht´sd C¥y≥ kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-ßƒ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv kµ¿in-°m-dp-≠v. C¥ymKh¨sa‚ ns‚ kmwkvIm -cnI hn`m -K -amb C¥y≥Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿ Iƒ®-d¬ dnte-j≥kv (sF.-kn.-kn.-B-¿) BWv ]cy-S-\-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp-∂-Xv.C¥y≥ Iem-Im-c-∑m¿°v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ BXn-Yy-a-cp-fp-∂-Xn\v bp.-Fkv k¿°m-cpw, k¿°m-cn-Xc kwL-S-\-Ifpw sF.-kn.-kn.-B-dp-ambn tN¿∂v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, 2011 am¿®n¬ "amIvknaw C¥y' F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏´ Hcp amkw \o≠ Iem-taf hmjn-MvS-WnsesI∂Un sk‚¿ t^m¿ s]¿t^m-anMv B¿Svkv kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬-\n-∂p-ap≈ t]cp-tI-´-hcpw Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂-h-cp-amb hf-sc-b-[nIw Iem-]-h¿Ø-I-cmWv CXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-s\-Øn-b-Xv. Ae-ta¬ h≈n, amf-hn-Im-k-cp-t°-bv,im¥f inh-enw-K-∏, Zm£m tkØv, Djm sh¶n-tS-iz-c≥XpS-ßnb apXn¿∂ Z£n-tW-¥y≥ Iem-]-Xn- -Iƒ "amIvknawC¥y'bv°v FØn-b-h-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. C¥y-bn-ep≈ ]ekzImcy Cush‚ v amt\-Pvsa‚ v I-º-\n-Ifpw kwL-S-\-IfpwbpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vknse C¥y≥˛ Ata-cn-°≥ kwL-S-\-Ifpw C¥y≥ kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-ß-fpsS tÃPv tjmIƒ]Xn-hmbn kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.

AtX-t]m-se, C¥y-bn¬ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ata-cn-°≥ Iem-Im-c-∑m-scbpw kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-ß-sfbpw C¥y-bnse bp.-F-kv. anj≥ £Wn-°p-∂Xpw ]Xn-hmWv. sNss∂-bnse bp.-F-kv. tIm¨kp-te‰v P\-d¬ Hmtcmh¿jhpw tIc-f-Øn¬ \nc-h[n Iem-A-\p-_‘ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. 2009 ¬ ]apJ Ata-cn-°≥ \mtSmSnKmb-I≥ Imcn \yqI-a¿ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øpw, 2011 ¬ Nm¿fnt]m´¿ Izm¿´‰v Pmkv Kq∏v sIm®n-bnepw, 2011 P\p-h-cn-bn¬A\n-Imbv \rØ-kwLw sIm®n-bnepw Xriq-cnepw ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. .

1. Tell us more about where things stand with the Taliban and U.S. activity in Afghanistan.

Eugene Francis (London); Babu Kavil, Kannur

(Combined question)The United States has worked with the militaries

and law enforcement agencies of our international partners to disrupt the sources of funding for the Taliban and al-Qaida. These counterterrorism op-erations have interrupted the operational planning of terrorist groups and placed significant pressure on their leadership. Although our primary engagement with the Taliban is through an intense military cam-paign, the United States has consistently supported the Afghan government’s reconciliation efforts. In our view, such reconciliation must be based on several prerequisites: the Taliban must renounce violence, abandon their alliance with al-Qaida, and accept the Afghan constitution. As Defense Sec-retary Gates said recently, most wars end through a political outcome. In order to achieve peace and stability in Afghanistan, the United States believes we must pursue both political and military solutions simultaneously.

2. President Obama's "Arab Spring" speech made references to fresh negotiations based on the ac-ceptance of the pre-1967 boundary in resolving the Palestine question. Does this represent a change in American policy towards the Middle East and, if so, how do the policy-makers envisage these nego-tiations being received by people in Israel and the United States?

Dr. K.M.Seethi, Professor of International Relations

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam

President Obama's recent speech offered U.S. views on the way forward in the Middle East. As he stated, the boundaries of Israel and the prospective Palestinian state should be based on the 1967 lines with mutually agreed swaps. The Palestinian state should be non-militarized, and the full and phased withdrawal of Israeli forces would be geared to the ability of Palestinian security forces and other ar-rangements as agreed to prevent a resurgence of terrorism; stop the infiltration of weapons; and pro-vide effective border security. The duration of this transition period must be agreed, and may vary for different areas like borders. President Obama and other U.S. leaders have discussed these issues with leaders in the region, and the U.S. remains commit-ted to progress in this important area.

Regardless of U.S. policy, it is up to Israelis and Palestinians to take action. No peace can be imposed upon them, nor can endless delay make the problem go away. But what America and the in-ternational community can do is state frankly what everyone knows: a lasting peace will involve two

July 2011

20 | ASk AmericA

July 2011

states for two peoples, Israel as a Jewish state and the homeland for the Jewish people, and the state of Palestine as the homeland for the Palestinian people; each state enjoying self-determination, mu-tual recognition, and peace.

3. Whether journalists in America have any national/state level asso-ciation? Whether the government, Federal or State, has any control over the salary/working condition of journalists in the U.S., as wage boards in India?

Manoharan MoraiGeneral Secretary,

Kerala Union of Working Journalists, Thiruvananthapuram

Unlike India, the United States has no government control speci-fying journalistic wages and other employment factors. However, there are several private associa-tions for journalists, focusing on professional development, and available to both aspiring and working journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists (http://www.spj.org/) is perhaps the best example. There are also other as-sociations for journalists based on factors such as area of specialty, region, or ethnicity, such as the South Asian Journalists Associa-tion (http://www.saja.org/). U.S. Federal and State Governments set minimum wages for all people, but these minimum wages are the same for all types of work. Jour-nalists are a respected and valued

part of American society, and af-forded protection in their work by the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

4. How many registered political parties are presently functioning in the U.S?

Ponmana Valsakumar, Kulashekharam, Kanyakumari

For most of its history, the United States has functioned as a two-party system. Since the 1850’s, the candidate of one of the two major parties has won ev-ery Presidential election contested, and members of smaller parties or independents have held very few congressional seats. However, there are currently over 30 other national political parties, as well as several regional parties that some-times have indirect influence, such as when drawing national atten-tion to a particular issue. Third-party candidates often affect the outcome of elections by drawing off votes that otherwise would have gone to one of the two major parties.

5. Whether American government is used to officially host cultural programs of foreign countries there?

G.Hari, Cartoonist,

ThiruvananthapuramA number of Indian cultural

groups visit the United States ev-ery year. Many of these visits are

sponsored by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), the cultural wing of the Government of India. The U.S. Government as well as non-governmental agen-cies work with ICCR to host Indian artists in the United States. For example, in March 2011 the Ken-nedy Center for Performing Arts in Washington D.C. hosted a month long festival titled “MAXIMUM INDIA”. This festival included a large number of established and emerging artists from all over In-dia. Senior artists from South India who participated in MAXI-MUM INDIA included Alarmel Valli, Malavika Sarukkai, Shantala Shivalingappa, Daksha Seth, Usha Venkateswaran and others. Many private event management com-panies and agencies in India and Indian-American associations in the United States also regularly host stage shows by Indian cul-tural groups.

Likewise, the U.S. Mission in India regularly invites American artists and cultural groups to visit India for performances. The U.S. Consulate General in Chennai hosts several artistic programs in Kerala each year, including famous Amer-ican folk singer Carrie Newcomer in Trivandrum in 2009; the Charlie Porter Quartet jazz group in Kochi in 2010 and performances by the Anikai Dance Company in Kochi and Thrissur in January 2011.

ASk AmericA | 21


Zn bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv


aX-kzm-X¥yw

Ata-cn-°-bn¬hntam-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw kzmX-¥y-

Øn-t‚bpw \mSmWv Ata-cn-°-sb∂vRßƒ°-dn-bmw. AtX-t]mse, aX-kzm-X¥yw ASn-ÿm\ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ambpw \nßƒ Icp-Xp-∂p. a\p-jy-Xz-lo-\-amb PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS\pI-ß-fn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ssIkvX-h˛ C…mw aX-ßƒ kzoI-cn® C¥y-bnse Zen-X¿°v Ah-cpsS`c-W-L-S\m Ah-Im-i-amb kwh-cWw e-Øn¬ \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. PÃnkv anim-I-Ωn-j\pw CuA\oXn Nq≠n-°m- n-bn- p-≠v. ]t£k¿°m¿ Hcp \S-]-Snbpw kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-√. bp.-F-kv. k¿°m-cn\v Cuhnj-b-Øn-ep≈ \ne-]mSv F¥m-sW∂v Adn-bm≥ Rßƒ°v Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≠v. Ata-cn° ]pd-Øn-d-°p∂hm¿jnI aX-kzm-X¥y dnt∏m¿ń¬CXp-kw-_-‘n®v Fs¥-¶nepw ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ h∂n- p-t≠m-sb∂pw Adn-™m¬ sIm≈mw?

s]m^. cmPp-tXm-akv

IS-pØp-cpØn

Ak-ln-jvWpX, hn`m-Ko-b-X-bpsSASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N-\w,AI-a-Øn-\p≈ t]c-W, aXtam hnizm-ktam ASn-ÿm-\-am°n a\p-jysc BI-an-°pI F∂n-hbv°v FXn-cm-Wv bp.-F-kv. k¿°m-cns‚ \ne-]m-Sv. aXm-[n-jvTnX Ak-ln-jvWp-XbpwAI-ahpw XS-bp-∂-Xp-kw-_-‘n-®p≈Ign™ Pqsse 15 s‚ kwbp‡ ]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ 16/18 ]ta-b-Øn¬ \S-]-Sn-°p≈ Blzm\w Kuc-h-tØmsSFSp-°-W-sa∂v skI- dn Hm v tÃ‰vlnecn ¢n‚≥ kl-cm-Py-ß-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. kln-jvWp-X-bpsSB[m-c-in-e-Ifpw aX-ssh-hn-[y-tØm-

Sp≈ _lp-am-\hpw temI-sa-ßp-ap≈a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßfpw auenI kzmX-¥y-ßfpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xn\pwDX-Ip-∂-XmWv 16/18 ]ta-bw. C‚¿\m-j-W¬ dnen-Pn-bkv ôUw dnt∏m¿´v Hm¨ sse\n¬ e`y-am-Wv.http:/www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/index.htm.

Ko≥ Im¿Uvho´p-tPm-en-°m-cn-bmbn Fs‚

AΩ Ign™ aq∂p-h¿j-ambnAta-cn-°-bn-ep-≠v. Ko≥ Im¿Uve`n-°p-∂-Xn\v Fs¥-¶nepw km[y-X-bpt≠m?

kPn. ]n.kn

sNss∂

Xm¶-fpsS AΩbv°v bp.-F-kn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xn\v XpS-°-Øn¬ e`n®hnk GsX-∂p-≈-Xn-emWv `mKn-I-ambn CXv Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. s]mXp-hmbn Can-K‚ v hnkbv°v At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v \nb-am-\p-krX bp.-Fkv ]uc-Xz-ap≈ _‘p-thm, bp.-F-knse \nb-am-\p-krX s]¿a-\‚ v d-knUt‚m (ÿn-c-Xm-a-k-am-b-h¿) \n¿±njvS sXmgn¬ZmXmthm kvt]m k¿ sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. bp.-Fkv. kn

‰n-k¨jn]v B‚ v Can-tK-j≥ k¿ho-k-kns‚ (bp.Fkv kn.-sF.-F-kv)A\p-aXn ]Xw (A-]qhvUv s]‰o-j≥) e`n-®n-´p-≈-bm-fp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.Zb-hmbn i≤n-°p-I, hey-∏≥-˛-h-ey-Ω, AΩm-h≥˛ AΩm-bn, C≥tem-kv,Ikn≥kv XpS-ßnb _‘-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿°v Can-tK-j\v kvt]m¨k¿ sNøm-\m-hn-√. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°vZb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I.

http://www.uscis.gov/, http://travel.state.gov/visa/.

Un.-F-kv 160bp.-F-kn-ep≈ aIsf hnkn‰v

hnk-bn¬ kµ¿in-°m≥ 60 hb- mb Fs‚ _‘p-hn\v Xm¬∏-cy-ap -≠v. Un. -F-kv -˛160 At]£mt^manse IpSpw-_-hn-h-c-ßƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ ÿeØv amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS P\-\-Øo-b-Xnbpw sImSp-°-Ww. 60 hb- p-I-gn™ At]-£-I\v acn-®p-t]mb amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsSP\-\-Øo-bXn kw_-‘n®v hnh-c-sam-∂p-an-√. CXp-kw-_-‘n® tImf-Øn¬ Adn-bn√ F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Iptam?

dknbm Ajvd^vnmrazia@ gmail.com

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 14 BKÃv 2011

August 2011

22 | ASk AmericA

hmb-\-°m-cpsS tNmZy-ßƒ°v sNss∂ bp.-F-kv. tIm¨kp-te‰v

adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂ Cu ]w‡n-bn-te°v tNmZy-ßƒ Csa-bn-embpw Ab-

bv°mw. Csa-bn¬ hnem-kw: askamerica [email protected]]m-embn Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw


Csa-bn¬ hnemkw


Un.-F-kv˛ 160 se F√m tNmZy-ßƒ°pw DØcw \¬I-Ww. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-te-Xp-t]mse hnh-c-ßƒ e`y-a-s√-¶n¬ Adn-bn√ (do not know) Fs∂-gp-Xp-∂XpwkzoIm-cy-am-Wv. Un.-F-kv˛ 160 ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n-®p≈ IqSp-X¬hnh-c-ßƒ°v http://travel. state.gov/visa/forms/forms 4401.html sh_vssk-‰nse F^.vF.Iyp (FAQ) hn`mKw Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I.

tlmfn-hpUv kn\natlmfn-hp-Un¬ Hmtcm h¿jhpw FX-tØmfw kn\n-a-I-fmWv \n¿Ωn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. bp.-F-kn¬ kn\n-a-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ GI ÿew tlmfn-hp-UmtWm?

taml≥, Nnd-∏p-dw, tImgn-t°mS.vh¿j-Øn¬ A

dp-\q-dn-tesd kn\n-a-I-fmWv tlmfn-hpUv \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xv.Imen -t^m¿Wn-b-bnse tlmfn-hp-Uns‚ Np ‰p-h- -ØmWv\qdp-I-W-°n\v kn\n-a-Iƒ krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶nepw,

tamj≥ ]nIvN¿ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm

v Ata-cn° \¬Ip∂ hnhcw A\p-k-cn®v bp.-F-knse F√m tÃ‰p -I -fnepwkn\n-am-\n¿ΩmWw\S-°p-∂p≠v. kn\n-a˛ sS en-hn-j≥ hyh-km-bsØ Bi-bn®v 24 e£-Øn-te sdt]cmWv sXmgn-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. cmPy-Øns‚ kºZvhyh-ÿbv°v Cu taJe Hmtcm h¿jhpw 180 _ney¨ tUmf¿ Iqńs°m-≠n-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p.

F√m i\n-bm-gvN-I-fnepw ][m-\-s∏´tlmfn-hpUv NnX-ßƒ sNss∂ Ata-cn-°≥ tIm¨kp-te-‰nse Ata-cn -°≥

sse_dn kuP-\y-ambn ]Z¿in-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v kµ¿in-°p-I.

http://chennai.usconsulate. gov/ sat matinee.html

SqdnÃv hnk

SqdnÃv hnk-bn¬ bp. -F-kv.kµ¿in-°m≥ BK-l-ap-≠v. bp.-F-kv kµ¿in-°m-\p≈ G‰hpw \√kabw GXm-sW-∂pw, sNehvIpd™ bmXbv°pw Xma-k-Øn-\p-ap≈ hgn F¥m-sW∂pw ]d-bmtam?

kp\n¬ h¿§okvXncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

hn`n-∂-ß-fmb hnt\m-Z-k-©mcBI¿j-W-ß-fp-≈-Xpw, Imem-h-ÿ-I-fp-≈Xpw ]Ir-Xn-ku-µ-cy-ap-≈XpwHs°-bmb hnim-e-amb cmPy-amWvbpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv. GXv Xc-Øn-ep≈ bmX-bmWv Xm¶ƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂-sX-∂p-≈-Xn-emWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬CXv Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmPy Xe-ÿm-\-amb hmjnMvS¨ Un.knapX¬ \yptbm¿°v \K-c-Ønse tZim-¥c Bc-h-ß-fpw, Imen-t^m¿Wn-bm-bn-sebpw ^vtfmdn-U-bn-sebpwIS¬Øo-c-ß-fpw, anUvshÃnse h≥XSm-I-ßfpw kuØvshÃnse ae-Ifpw h≥ ae-bn-Sp-°p-Ifpw XpSßnHmtcm A`n-cp-Nn°pw Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\pw A\p-kr-X-amb ImgvN-I-tf-sd-bm-Wv. Hmtcm tÃ‰n-tebpw Smh¬ sh_vssk‰n-te-°p≈ en¶n-\mbn kµ¿in-°p-I.

http://www.usa.gov/citizen/topics/travel/tourism/State tourism.sht.ml.

SqdnÃv hnk kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬hnh-c-ßƒ°v kµ¿in-°pI

http://travel.state.gov/visa sk¬t^m-Wn-eq-sSbpw _‘-s∏Smw: 09445898480

14 BKÃv 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

August 2011

ASk AmericA | 23

1. We know America as the land of liberty and freedom. You also consider freedom of religion as a basic human right. In India, we the Dalits (lower caste untouchables of India) are denied this freedom by the government of India. Dal-its, who embraced Christianity or Islam to liberate themselves from the clutches of inhuman caste system, are denied their constitu-tional right of reservations. Jus-tice Mishra Commission pointed out this injustice. But our govern-ment is not taking any action. We are interested to know, what is the position of U.S. government over this issue. Also, please let us know, whether any of your annual Religious Freedom Reports has mention on this.

Prof. Raju Thomas, Kaduthuruthy

The U.S. Government stands against intolerance, negative ste-

reotyping and stigmatization of, and discrimination, incitement to violence, and violence against persons based on religion or be-lief. In the July 15, 2011 Joint Statement on Combating Religion-Based Intolerance and Violence, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton asked stakeholders throughout the world to take seriously the call for action set forth in Resolu-tion 16/18, which contributes to strengthening the foundations of tolerance and respect for religious diversity as well as enhancing the promotion and protection of hu-man rights and fundamental free-doms around the world.

The Report on International Re-ligious Freedom is available online: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/index.htm

2. My mother is working in Amer-ica last three years as a house

maid. If there any chance to get a Green Card?

Saji P.C., ChennaiThat depends, in part, on the

type of visa your mother was is-sued to travel to the U.S. initially. In general, to apply for an immigrant visa, you must first be sponsored by an eligible U.S. citizen relative, U.S. lawful permanent resident, or by a prospective employer and be the beneficiary of an approved petition filed with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Please note, grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws and cousins cannot sponsor a relative for immigration. For more information, please visit: http://www.uscis.gov/ or http://travel.state.gov/visa/.

3. My relative who is about 60 years old intends to go to The USA for visiting his daughter on visit visa. In the DS 160 VISA ap-

August 2011

24 | ASk AmericA

plication, there are columns for family Information, where the date of birth of his father and mother are to be given. Since the appli-cant himself is 60 years old and his parents expired long back , he does not know the date of birth of his parents. It may please be informed whether those columns can be filled as DO NOT KNOW.

Razia Ashraf [email protected]

All questions on the DS-160 should be answered. However, if the information is unavailable, as in this case, it is acceptable to write ‘do not know.’ For more informa-tion about filling out the DS-160, please see our frequently asked questions section at: http://travel.state.gov/visa/forms/forms_4401.html.

4. I would like to visit U.S on a tourist visa. Will you tell us which

is the best time to visit U.S. and what are the ways to make my trip and stay there economical?

Sunil Varghes, Thiruvananthapuram

The United States is a vast country with a variety of tourist attractions, climates, and natural beauty. So, it really depends what type of vacation you are seeking. From the nation’s capital of Wash-ington, DC to the cosmopolitan bustle of New York City to the beaches of California and Florida to the Great Lakes in the Midwest and mountains and Grand Canyon in the southwest, there are sights for every taste and interest.

For links to each state’s travel website, visit: http://www.usa.gov/Citizen/Topics/Travel_Tour-ism/State_Tourism.shtml.

For information on obtaining a tourist visa, visit: http://travel.state.gov/visa/.

5. How many films Hollywood pro-duces every year? Whether Holly-wood is the only place where films are produced in U.S.?

Mohan Chirappuram, Kozhikode

More than 600 Hollywood movies are produced annually. While hundreds of films are filmed and produced in and around Hol-lywood, California, movie produc-tion occurs in every state in the U.S., according to the Motion Pic-ture Association of America. More than 2.4 million jobs in the U.S. depend on the film and television industry, which adds nearly $180 billion a year to the country’s economy.

The U.S. Consulate Gen-eral Chennai’s American Library screens free major Hollywood movies every Saturday. For more information, visit: http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/satmatinee.html

August 2011

ASk AmericA | 25

P∂n- ¿ a°n≥db¿(tIm¨k¬ P\-d¬ Hm^v



kwÿm-\-ßfpwkwÿm-\-ßfpwkwÿm-\-ßfpwkwÿm-\-ßfpwkwÿm-\-ßfpw\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Whpw\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Whpw\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Whpw\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Whpw\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Whpwbp.-Fkv tÃ‰p-I-fnse \nb-a-

\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\wFß-s\-bmWv? `c-W-L-S\ Fß-s\bmWv \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂Xv? kwÿm\ \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k -I-fnse AwK-ßsf Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-L-S\mÿm]-\-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Fs¥-¶nepw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ bp.-F-kv. k¿°m-cn-\pt≠m?

]n.-kn. tPm¿÷v Fw.-F¬.-F,

Kh. No^v. hn∏v,tIcf \nb-a-k-`,Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

∏d™ A[n-Im-c-ßfpw bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkv Kh¨-s-a‚ntem a‰p GsX-¶nepw hIp-∏p-I-fntem Hmô-k¿am-cntem c-W-L-S-\m-\p-kr-X-ambn \n£n-]vX-am-bn- p≈ as‰√m A[n-Im-c-ßfpw\S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbmPyhpw Bh-iy-hp-amb F√m \nb-a-ßfpw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v' bp.-F-kv.tIm¨K-kn\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW \S-]-Sn-Iƒ BI¿j-Ihpw k¶o¿Æ-hp-am-Wv. C¥y-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ ]m¿e-sa‚dn kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-ambn AXv Gsd kam-\-X-I-fpw, H∏w it≤-b-amb sshPm-Xy-ßfpw ]¶n-Sp-∂p. \S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p≈]q¿Æ hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ http: www.house.gove/content/learn/legislativeprocess/ sh_vssk-‰n¬ e`y-am-Wv.

C¥y-bp-tS-Xp-t]mse bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰v-kn\pw sÛ-d¬ k¿°m¿ kwhn-[m-\-amWv \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. tZiobk¿°m-cn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-ImØ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ tÃ‰p-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøpw. temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]pcm-X-

\hpw, temI-Ønse G‰hpw_rlØpw Bb P\m-[n-]Xy kaq-l-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ P\m-[n-]Xy ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]In-b-Ifpw kw_-‘n®v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn\pw C¥ybv°pw XΩnepwa‰p temI-cm-Py-ß-fp-ambpwGsd ]¶p-h-bv°m\pw D≠v.C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ßƒ bp.-F-kv tÃ‰p-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈]c-kv]-c, kl-I-c-W-Øns‚Bi-b-ßƒ ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂-Xn-\pw, kw`m-j-W-ßƒ°pwbp.-F-kv˛ C¥ym N¿®-Iƒ°mbpw C‚¿ Kh-W-sa‚n¬A^-tbgvkv kvs]jy¬ sd]-k-t‚-‰ohv Bb doXm tPmsehnkv ASp-ØnsS C¥y-bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØpw FØnb Ah¿apXn¿∂ t\Xm-°-fp-ambn N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øn. ]map-Jy-ap

≈ Ht´sd hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \ΩpsS c≠v cmPy-ßƒ°pw Hcp-an®v ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ hn]p-e-amb km[y-X-Iƒ

]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv doXm tPmsehn-kns‚ kµ¿i-\hpw Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ X¥-]-c-amb N¿®-Ifpw (strategic dialogues).

bp.-F-kv. c-W-L-S-\-bpsS B¿ń-°nƒ H∂ns‚ F´mw A\p-t—-ZØn¬kqNn-∏n -®n -´p -≈-Xp-t]mse "ta¬

Uu¨tK-UnßpwUu¨tK-UnßpwUu¨tK-UnßpwUu¨tK-UnßpwUu¨tK-UnßpwC¥y≥ HmlcnC¥y≥ HmlcnC¥y≥ HmlcnC¥y≥ HmlcnC¥y≥ Hmlcn

hn]-Wnbpwhn]-Wnbpwhn]-Wnbpwhn]-Wnbpwhn]-Wnbpwbp.-F-kv. Uu¨ tKUn-ßns‚

][m\ ]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? bp.-F-kv. hn]-Wnsb apJy-ambpw Bi-bn-°p∂ sF.Sn taJeDƒs∏sS C¥y≥ Hmlcn hn]-Wnsb CXv Fßs\ _m[n°pw?

Fw.-F-kv. j_o¿,

tImgn-t°m-Sv.

]kn-U‚ v H_ma ASp-ØnsS kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse "Rß-fpsS IS-∏-X-ßƒ (credits) temI-Ønse G‰hpwkpc-£n-X-am-sW∂v hn]-Wn-Iƒ Bh¿Øn®v Dd-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ-bv°p≈ IΩn t\cn-SpI F∂-XmWv Rß-fpsS ap∂n-ep≈ sh√p-hnfn' ]kn-U‚ v H_ma XpS¿∂v ]d-bp-∂p. "G‰hpw anI® k¿h-I-em-im-e-Iƒ, Imcy-£-a-X-bn¬ ap∂n-ep≈sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ, \qX\ Bi-b-ß-fp≈ Iº-\n-Iƒ, `qan-bn-se, G‰hpwkml-kn-I-cmb kwc-w`-I¿ F∂n-h-sb√mw Cu sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ°n-S-bnepwRßƒ°p-≠m-hpw.'

Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bnse òa-ambkmº-ØnI sRcp-°-Øn¬\n∂v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv Ic-I-b-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. sXmgn¬ \jvS-ß-fp-tS-Xmb c≠v h¿j-ßƒ°p-ti-jw, Ata-cn-°≥ Iº-\n-Iƒ 10 e£-Øn-tesdsXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßƒ krjvSn-®p-sIm≠vkºXv hyhÿ ho≠pw ]®-]n-Sn-®p-

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 18 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011

September 2011

26 | ASk AmericA





Csa-bn¬ hnemkw

Ata-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwAta-cn-°-tbmSv tNmZn°mwsk¬t^m-Wn-eq-sSbpw _‘-s∏Smw: 09445898480

Xp-S-ßn. amµy-Øn-\n-S-bnepw i‡n-bm¿÷n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp taJ-e-bmWv bp.-F-kn\pw C¥ybv°pw CS-bn-ep≈ hmWn-Pyw. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂,C¥ybpw bp.-Fkpw Zo¿L-Ime kmº-Øn-I-t\-´ -ß-sf-∏‰n Bfl-hn -izmkw D≈-h-cm-h-Ww.

kvt]kvj- n¬ ]≤Xnkvt]kvj- n¬ ]≤Xnkvt]kvj- n¬ ]≤Xnkvt]kvj- n¬ ]≤Xnkvt]kvj- n¬ ]≤Xn\n¿Ø-em-°m-\p≈\n¿Ø-em-°m-\p≈\n¿Ø-em-°m-\p≈\n¿Ø-em-°m-\p≈\n¿Ø-em-°m-\p≈

kml-Ncywkml-Ncywkml-Ncywkml-Ncywkml-Ncywkvt]kv jń¬ ]co-£-W-ßƒ

\n¿Ø-em-°m-\p≈ kml-N-cy-sa-¥mWv? bp.-F-kv. A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ kmº-ØnI ]Xn-k-‘n-bmtWm CXn\p ]n∂n¬?

tPm¿÷v tPmk^v

tIme-t©-cn.

1981 apX¬ Cu h¿jw Pqssehsc-bmbn 135 ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-ßƒbp.-F-kv. kvt]kvj-ń¬ ]≤-Xn-bn¬]q¿Øo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. cmPym-¥c _ln-cm-Imi \nebw (international spacestation) krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \¬Inbkw`m-h\ Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS \nc-h[nt\´-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. F∂n-cp-

bp.-F-kv ssbp.-F-kv ssbp.-F-kv ssbp.-F-kv ssbp.-F-kv ssN\m- _-‘hpw Zsse-em-abpwN\m- _-‘hpw Zsse-em-abpwN\m- _-‘hpw Zsse-em-abpwN\m- _-‘hpw Zsse-em-abpwN\m- _-‘hpw Zsse-em-abpwssN\-bpsS FXn¿∏p-Iƒ Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Sn_-‰ns‚ Bflo-bm-

Nm-cy≥ Zsse-em-a-bp-ambn ]kn-U‚ v H_ma \S-Ønb IqSn-°mgvNhf¿∂p-h-cp∂ bp.-F-kv˛ ssN\m _‘-ßsf _m[n-°nt√?

sI.-Pn. ]c-ta-iz-c≥\m-b¿, tImf-an-Ãv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

kam-[m\Øn\p≈ t\m_¬ kΩm\ tPXm-hpw, temIw BZ-cn-°p∂aX˛ kmwkv°m-cnI t\Xmhpw F∂ \ne-bn-emWv 14-˛mw Zsse-em-a-bp-ambnbp.-F-kv. Kh¨sa‚ v CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xv. Sn_-‰ns\ ]o∏nƒkv dn∏-ªnIv Hm^vssN\-bpsS `mK-ambn Icp-Xp∂ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv AXns‚ kzmX-¥ysØ ]n¥p-W-bv°p∂n-√.-bp.-F-kv˛ ssN\ ]¶m-fnØ kl-IcWwhf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xns‚ ]m[m\yw C°-gn™ IqSn-°m-gvN-bnepw ]kn-U‚ v H_m-abpw Zsse-em-abpw Du∂n-]-d-™n-cp-∂p.

Ata-cn-°≥ ]kn-U‚ v _dm°v H_m-abpwssN\okv ]kn-U‚ v lq Pn‚m-thmbpw _oPnw-Kn¬

IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ

Zsse-ema

Xn-I\pw \ne-hn¬ \mk AUvan-\n-kvtS-´dpw F∂ \ne-bn¬ F\n°vChn-sS-\n∂v ]d -bm -\m -hpw ,Imc-Ww, hnP-b-Øn-\p≈ ASn-Ød \ΩƒCń- p-≠v.' Ccp-cm-Py-ß-fn-sebpw Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\v P

\-ßƒ s]mXp \∑ ]Zm\w sNøp∂kwbp‡ kwcw-`-ß-fmb ùa-\n-co-£-W, ua-imkvX taJ-e-I-fnse kl-I-cWw kw_-‘n®v N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\v ssk\n-tI-Xc _ln-cm-Imikl-I-c-W-Øns‚ (civil space coop-eration) aq∂mw kwbp‡ h¿°nwKvKq∏v bp.-Fkpw C¥ybpw C°-gn™Pqsse-bn¬ hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-bn-cp-∂p. apt∂m-´p≈ IpXn-∏n¬ \mk-bpsS ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-Øn\v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°pI: http://www. nasa.gov/about/whats next.html..

∂mepw 30 h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ ]≤XnF∂ \ne-bn¬ kvt]kv jń¬ kmt¶-Xn-IX AXym-[p-\n-I-a-√. _ln-cm-Imi ]cy-th-j-W-Øn¬ \qX\ am¿§-ßƒ˛ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS hnIm-khpw imkvXob Kth-j-W-hpw˛"\mk' Bcm-bp-I-bm-Wv. \mk AUvan-\n-kvtS-´¿ Nmƒkv t_mƒU≥ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse, "_ln-cm-Im-iØv Ata-cn-°-bpsS ta[m-hn-Xzw, Ipd-™XvASpØ Aº-Xp-h¿j-tØ-bvs°-¶nepw XpS-cp-sa∂v ap≥ _ln-cm-Imi bm

18 sk]vXw-_¿ 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

September 2011

ASk AmericA | 27

1. What are the procedures for legislation in U.S. States? How the U.S. Constitution defines the separation of power between State – Federal governments? Whether the U.S. government has any program for introducing American democratic intuitions to the members of Indian State Legislative Assemblies?

P.C. George M.L.A. Govt. Chief Whip,

Kerala Legislative Assembly, Thiruvananthapuram

As indicated in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Congress has the authority "to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. The process by which legislation is enacted is both fascinating and complex. It has many commonalities with

procedures under parliamentary systems such as India's, as well as significant points of divergence. For a full description of procedures, please visit http://www.house.gov/content/learn/legislative_process/.

Like India, the United States has a federal system of government, in which powers not assigned to the central government are handled by individual states. Being the world's oldest and world's largest democracy respectively, the United States and India also have much to share with one another and the rest of the world with regards to democratic institutions and processes. Recently Reta Jo Lewis, Special Representative for Intergovernmental Affairs, traveled to India to discuss and share ideas for state-to-state cooperation and dialogue between the U.S. and India, including a meeting with senior leaders in Trivandrum. Her visit, along with the Strategic Dialogue, reflect the many ways in which our

two countries work together on an array of important issues.

2. What are the major implications of U.S. downgrading? How will it affect Indian stock market, including the IT industry, which hugely depends on U.S. market?

M.S. Shabeer, Kozhikode

As President Obama recently noted, "the markets continue to reaffirm our credit as among the world's safest. Our challenge is the need to tackle our deficits over the long term." President Obama further stated, "for all of the challenges we face, we continue to have the best universities, some of the most productive workers, the most innovative companies, [and] the most adventurous entrepreneurs on earth.”

The United States is emerging from the worst

September 2011

28 | ASk AmericA

recession in generations, but after nearly two years of job losses, the economy is beginning to grow again, with American businesses adding more than one million jobs. One area that has continued to grow in spite of the recession is trade between the U.S. and India. As a result, both India and the U.S. should feel confident about long-term economic prospects.

3. How the meeting of Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama with President Obama, ignoring the objections raised by China, is going to affect the growing U.S. – China relations?

K.G.Parameswaran Nair, Columnist,

ThiruvananthapuramThe 14th Dalai Lama is a

Nobel Peace Prize laureate and internationally recognized religious and cultural leader and the U.S. government engages with him

in that capacity. However, the United States considers Tibet to be a part of the People’s Republic of China and does not support independence for Tibet. In their recent meeting, President Obama and the Dalai Lama stressed the importance they attach to building a U.S.-China cooperative partnership.

4. What prompted you to close down the space shuttle experiment? Was it due to the financial crisis affecting the U.S.?

George Joseph, KolencherryThe U.S. Space Shuttle

Program conducted 135 missions, beginning in 1981 and concluding in July of this year. Among the many achievements of this program was helping to construct the International Space Station. However, as a 30 year old program, Space Shuttle technology was no longer

cutting edge, and as such NASA is now pursuing new methods of space exploration, technology development and scientific research. As NASA administrator Charles Bolden said, "as a former astronaut and the current NASA Administrator, I'm here to tell you that American leadership in space will continue for at least the next half-century because we have laid the foundation for success."

In July, the U.S. and India convened the third Joint Working Group on Civil Space Cooperation to discuss collaboration on earth observation and earth sciences, joint initiatives that can deliver societal benefits to millions of people in both countries.

To learn more about NASA's proposals for going forward, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/about/whats_next.html.

September 2011

ASk AmericA | 29

P∂n^¿ a°n≥db¿(tIm¨k¬ P\-d¬ Hm^v



Nne-bn-SØv At]-£-I-fn¬ kq£va ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v bp.-F-kv. \nb-am-\p-krXw Rßƒ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv.AUvan-\-nkvtS-‰ohv t]mkkv aqew_p≤n-ap -´p∂ At]-£-I¿°v ]

dn∏-ªn-°≥ \mj-W¬ IΩn-‰nbpwUtam-Im-‰nIv \mj-W¬ IΩn-‰n-bp-amWv bp.-F-knse bYm-Iaw dn∏-ªn-°≥ ]m¿ń-bp-tS-bpw, Utam-Im-‰nIv]m¿ń-bp-tSbpw t\XrXzw \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xv. 50 tÃ‰vkp-I-fp-tSbpw UnkvSnIvSv Hm v sImfw-_n-b, t]m¿t´m-dn-°,a‰v ]hn-iy-Iƒ F∂n-h-bp-tSbpw ]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Cu IΩn-‰n-I-fm-Wv ]m¿ń thZn-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xpw, tZiob sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ HmtcmtÃ‰n-tebpw N´-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xpw. ]kn-U‚ v sXc-s™-Sp∏v h¿j-Øn-ep≈ ]m¿ń-I-fpsS tZiob ktΩ-f-\-Øn-te°v ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Ab-bv°p-∂Xpw Ch-cm-Wv. Cu ktΩ-f-\-Øn-emWv bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv ]kn-U‚ v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈ ]m¿ń

AUvan-\n-kvtS-‰ohvt]mk-knßv

aq∂p-amkw apºv A`n-apJw Ign-s™-¶nepw C\nbpw F\n°v hnke`n-®n-ń-√. "AUvan-\n-kvtS-‰ohvt]mk-knßv' F∂ adp-]SnbmWvAt\z-jn-°p-tºm-sg√mw In´p-∂-Xv.AUvan-\n-kvtS-‰ohv t]mk-knßvF¥m-sW∂v hni-Z-am-°mtam?

jnPp Sn. tPmkv,

G‰p-am-\q¿

]Øp-h¿j-tØ-°p≈ "aƒń-∏nƒF≥Sn' Sqdn-Ãv, _nkn-\ v hnk-I-fmWv s]mXp-hmbn C¥y-°m¿°v bp.-F-kv. \¬Ip-∂-Xv. CØcw Zo¿L-Im-e-]m-_-ey-ap≈ hnk as‰mcp cmPyhpw \¬Ip-∂n-√. Rßƒ°v e`n-°p∂ hnk At]-£-I-fn¬ 97 iX-am-\-Ønepw sXm -SpØ ]hrØn Znh-k-Øn-\Iw \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°pw. 0.1 iX-am\w At]-£-Iƒ amX-amWv Hcpamktam AXn-te-sdtbm sshIp-∂-Xv.

tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-bv°mbn Rß-fm¬]c-am-h[n ian-°p-∂p-≠v. At\z-jWL´-Ønse hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bn-s√-∂p-≈Xv Rß-fpsS\b-am-Wv. Hmtcm tIkpw X\n-®mWv]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. NneXv A¬∏w \ot≠-°mw. Xm¶ƒ Im´p∂ £asbRßƒ BZ-cn-°p-∂p.

dn∏-ªn-°≥˛

Utam-Im-‰nIv

]m¿ń-Iƒbp.-F-knse dn∏-ªn-°≥ ]m¿ń-

bp-tS-tbm, Utam-Im-‰nIv ]m¿ń-bp-tStbm kwL-S\m kwhn-[m\w kw_-‘n®v Imcy-am-sbm∂pw Rßƒ°v Adn-bn-√. C¥y-bn-te-Xn¬\n∂vhn`n-∂-ambn bp.-F-kn¬ ]m¿ń-t\-Xm-°ƒ°v ]map-Jy-ant√? Ccp ]m¿ń-I-fp-tSbpw ][m\ t\Xm-°-fpsSt]cv Adn-bm\pw Xm¬∏-cy-ap≠v?

B¿. iotZhn

tImgn-t°mSv

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 16 HIvtSm_¿ 2011

October 2011

30 | ASk AmericA

C¥y-bn-tebpw Ata-cn-°-bn-tebpw \K-c-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ kl-I-cWw kw_-‘n-®p≈ N¿®-I-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpt≠m? CØcw kwcw-`-Øns‚ km[y-XIƒ hni-Z-am-°mtam?

kÆn Ieq¿,

sNb¿am≥,tIm´bw \K-c-k`

C¥y-bnse kwÿm\, ]mtZ-inI t\Xm-°fpw bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vknse kam\ ]Z-hn-I-fn-ep-≈-hcpwXΩn¬ ]c-kv]c Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ hnj-b-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-I-bmWv bp.-F-kv˛ C¥y "tÃ‰v Sp tÃ‰v' CS-]m-Sp-I-fpsS e£yw. hmWn-Pyw, \nt£-]w, ASn-ÿm\ hnI-k-\w, hnZym- ym-kw, imkvX-km-t¶-XnIw XpS-ßnbtaJ-e-Iƒ CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.BtKmf k¿°m-cn-Xc hnj-b-ßƒ°m-bp≈ bp.-F-kv. ]tXyI ]Xn-\n[n dnXm tPm sehnkv Xan-gv\m-ń-epw, tIc-f-Ønepw Dƒs∏sS hS-°v,]Sn-™m-dv, sX°v C¥y-bn-se-ºm-Sp-ambn apJy-a-¥nam¿, tab¿am¿, ]©m-bØv t\Xm-°ƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-cp-am-bp-≈, IqSn-°m-gvN-Iƒ°mbn c≠vBgvN-I-tfmfw C°-gn™ HmK-Ãn¬ChnsS sNe-h-gn-®n-cp-∂p. _nkn-\ vkaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfbpwAh¿ I≠n-cp-∂p.

C¥y-bnse kwÿm-\, ]mtZ-inI t\Xm-°ƒ bp.-F-knse kam\]Z-hn-I-fn-ep-≈-h-cp-ambn Fßs\CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-\mWv BK-ln-°p-∂-sX∂v Adn-bp-I-bpw, ]Tn-°p-I-bp-amWv Xs‚ bmX-bpsS e£y-sa∂vsehnkv Chn-sS-sb-Øn-b-t∏mƒ ]d-™n-cp-∂p. "tÃ‰v Sp tÃ‰v' CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]Xn-I-cWwBth-i-I-c-am-sW-¶n-epw, ]c-kv]cwIqń-bn-W-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-ep≈ ]mtZ-

bp.-F-kv.- -C¥y "tÃ‰v Sp tÃ‰v'

inI t\Xm-°-fpsS ImgvN-∏mSv Adn-tb-≠-Xp-s≠∂pw Ah¿ Nq≠n-°m-ń-bn-cp-∂p. temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]pcm-X\pw hep-Xp-amb c≠v P\m-[n-]XycmPy-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Nn -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw hn]p-e-am-°p-∂-Xn\pwe£y-an´v 2009 Pqsse-bn¬ Bcw-`n®hnim-e-amb bp.-F-kv˛ C¥ym kvSm‰-PnIv Ub-tem-Kns‚ `mK-am-bp-≈-XmWv bp.-F-kv.˛ C¥ym "tÃ‰v Sp tÃ‰v'CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ. CXv i‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw hn]p-eo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \yqU¬ln-bnse bp.-Fkv Fw_-knbpw sNss∂, sslZ-cm-_mZv, tIm¬°-Ø,apw_bv F∂n-hn-Sßfnse Rß-fpsStIm¨kp-te-‰p-Ifpw ]cn-i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

sIm®n (t\m¿t^m¬Iv, hn¿Po-\nb), Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw (Km¬shÃ¨, sSIvkkv), _mw•q¿(km≥

^m≥knkvtIm Imen-t^m¿Wnb),sNss∂ (sImf-dm-tUm-bnse sU≥h-dpw, sSIvk-knse km≥ A≥tdmWn-tbmbpw) XpS-ßn-bh Dƒs∏sS \nc-h[n Z£n-tW-¥y≥ \K-c-ßƒ°v \ne-hn¬Xs∂ bp.-Fkv kn‰n-I-fp-ambnktlm-Zc \Kc(sister city) _‘-ß-fp-≠v. IqSp-X¬ ktlm-Z-c-kn‰n _‘-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-em-Wv. \K-c-X-e-Øn¬ kmwkv°m-cn-I, hmWnPy_‘-ßƒ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-kcw Cu kwcw`w Hcp-°n-Ø-cp-∂p.amX-hp-a-√, C¥y-°m-tcbpw Ata-cn-°-°m-tcbpw _m[n-°p∂ s]mXp-hn-j-b-ßƒ \K-c-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°vN¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-\pw, Ccp-cm-Py-ß-fn-tebpw \K-c- -c-W-Ønse anI® amXr-I-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw D≈ thZnbpw Hcp-°n-Ø-cp-∂p.

bp.-F-kv. ]tXyI ]Xn-\n[n dnXm tPm sehnkv Bkm-anseHcp KmaoW s\bvØp-ime kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ

ÿm\m¿∞nsb\n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv.Hmtcm \mep-h¿jw IqSp-tºmgpwtNcp∂ ktΩ-f\w C\n 2012 emWv. dn∏-ªn-°≥ktΩ-f\w vtfmdn-U-bnse Sm≥]-bn-epw, Utam-Im-‰nIv ktΩ-f\w

]mIn-ÿm\pwC¥y-bv°p-ap≈

klmbw]mIn-ÿm-\p≈ hm¿jnI bp.-F-

kv klmbw FX-bmWv? C¥ybv°vCØcw Fs¥-¶nepw klmbw \¬Ip-∂pt≠m?

ssh. \mk¿

tImgn-t°mSv

XI¿®-I-fn¬\n∂v Ic-I-b-dp-∂

t\m¿Øv Itcm-en-\-bnse jm¿e-ń-epw.

hnkvtIm≥kn\v dn∏-ªn -°≥]m¿ń sNb¿am-\mbn apºv tkh\wA\p-jvTn-®n-cp∂ sdbn\vkv ]bn-_-kmWv dn∏-ªn-°≥ \mj-W¬ IΩn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿am≥. vtfmdn-U-bn¬\n-∂p≈ tIm¨Kkv AwK-amb sU_nhmk¿am≥ jqfvkv BWv Utam-Im-‰nIv \mj-W¬ IΩn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿hp-a¨.

16 HIvtSm_¿ 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

October 2011

ASk AmericA | 31

Xpw Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ ian-°p-∂Xpw P\m-[n-]Xy ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn-\mbn \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-amb cmPy-ßƒ°v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv GP≥kn t^m¿ C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Uh-e-∏p-sa‚ v (bp.-F-kv.-F.-sF.Un)klm-b-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.2009 se kmº-ØnI h¿j-Øn¬ 184 cmPy-ßƒ°mbn34 _ney¨ tUmf-¿ kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbw \¬Inb bp.-Fkv Xs∂ temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw A[nIw kmº-ØnIklmbw \¬Ip∂ cmPy-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. 2010 kmº-Øn-I-h¿j-Øn¬ 1.3 _ney¨ tUmf¿ ]mIn-ÿm\vbp.-F-kv.-FbvUv A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂p. `c-W-ÿn-c-X, hnZym-`ym-kw, Du¿÷w, Zpcn-Xm-

kl-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cm-Wv. 1951 apX¬ C¥y-bp-ambn bp.-F-kv. FbvUn\v i‡-amb_‘-ap-≠v. C¥y-bnse P\-ß-fpsS]ptcm-K-Xn°v DX-Ip∂ hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ \nt£-]-Øn\v bp.-F-kv.-FbvUv klmbw \¬In-s°m-≠pan-cn-°p-∂p. bp.-F-kv. klm-b-ßƒ kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbnkµ¿in-°p-I.

http: //www.usaid.gov/index.html.

Ata-cn-°≥ sse_dnAta-cn-°≥ sse_-dn-bn¬ F

ß-s\-bmWv AwKXzw e`n-°pI? ]pkvX-I-ßƒ sImdn-b¿ hgn Ab-®p-X-cptam?

enkn h¿§okv

Fd-Wm-Ipfw

Ata-cn-°≥ k¿°m¿, kmln-Xyw,Ncn-Xw, cmPym-¥c _‘-ßƒ, kmº-

izm-kw, `qI-ºm-\p-_‘ ]p\-c-[n-hm-kw, Irjn, kmº-ØnI hf¿®, `c-W-\n¿h-lWw XpS-ßn-b-h-bv°mWvCu klmbw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-I. Chbv°v ]pdsa òI-c-Xm-hn-cp≤ ia-ß-fn¬ ssk\nI klm-bhpw ]mIn-ÿm\v \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

]kn-U‚ v H_ma ]d-™n- p-≈-Xp-t]m-se, P\m-[n-]Xy ÿm]-\-ßsfi‡-am-°p-∂-Xnepw kmº-ØnI hf¿® Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw lnwkm-flI Xoh-hm-ZsØ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xnepw ]mIn-ÿms‚ ia-ßsf ]n¥p-W-bv°p-I-sb-∂Xv \ΩpsS tZiobXm¬∏-cy-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-am-Wv.

C¥y-bpsS ÿnXn hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m. C¥y-bpsS hnI-k-\-e-£y-Øn-te°v FØp-∂-Xn\pw 2015 h¿j-tØmsS ZmcnZy \n¿Ωm¿÷-\-Øn\pw bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkpw C¥ybpw





Csa-bn¬ hnemkw


Øn-Iw, BtKmf hnj-b-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-ep≈ hn]p-e-amb tiJcwAta-cn-°≥ sse_-dn-bn-ep-≠v. C¥y-bnse F√m Ata-cn-°≥ sse_-dn-I -fn -tebpw hnh-cm -hen http: //amlibindia.state.gov/ sh_vssk-‰n¬e`y-am-Wv. AwK-Xzw, ]pkvX-I-ßƒ,sNss∂-bnse sse_-dn-bpsS tkh-\-ßƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬hnh-c-ßƒ°v http: //chennai. usconsulate.gov/ resources.html F∂sh_vssk‰pw kµ¿in-°mw. http: //chennai.usconsulate.gov/pdfs/al-ind-membform.pdf F∂ en¶n¬\n∂vAwK-Xz-Øn-\p≈ At]£ Uu¨temUv sNøp-I-bp-am-hmw. sNss∂bv°v ]pd-Øp≈ Ata-cn-°≥ sse_dnAwK-ßƒ°v ]pkvX-I-ßƒ sImdn-b-dmbn e`n-°pw. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°vZb-hmbn _‘-s∏-Sp-I. [email protected]. .

Ata-cn-°≥ sse_-ddn s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°mbn \S-Ønb Hcp ]Z¿i\w

32 tIc-f-i_vZw . 16 HIvtSm_¿ 2011

October 2011

32 | ASk AmericA

1. Are there any developments in the discussions over cooperation between Indian cities and American cities? Can you explain the potentials of these initiative?

Sunny Kaloor, Chairman,

Kottayam MunicipalityThe U.S.-India State-to-

State Engagement is aimed at encouraging state and local leaders across India to discuss topics of mutual interest with their counterparts in the United States. Those topics include trade, investment, infrastructure, education, science and technology. U.S. Special Representative for Global Intergovernmental Affairs Reta Jo Lewis spent two weeks this past August visiting Chief Ministers, mayors, and panchayat leaders across North, West and South India, including in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. She also met with representatives of the business community and academic institutions.

At the time, Lewis said the goal of her trip was “to listen and to learn how state and local

leaders in India hope to engage their U.S. counterparts. I’m very excited about this state-to-state engagement, but I need [their] vision for linking together regional leaders.” The U.S. India State-to-State Engagement is part of the broad U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue launched in July 2009 to formalize and expand relations between the world’s oldest and largest democracies. The U.S. Embassy in New Delhi and our Consulates in Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai are continuing to work on efforts to deepen and broaden this engagement.

Several South Indian cities already have existing sister city relationships with cities in the U.S., including Kochi (Norfolk, Virginia), Trivandrum (Galveston, Texas), Bangalore (San Francisco, California) and Chennai (Denver, Colorado and San Antonio, Texas). Additional sister city relationships are currently under discussion. These initiatives offer an opportunity to enhance cultural and commercial ties at the municipal level. In addition,

they provide a forum for city government officials to discuss public policy issues that affect both Indians and Americans, and exchange best practices to deliver better governance in urban areas in both our countries.

2. I had a visa interview three months ago. But I am yet to get the visa. Whenever inquire, I am getting the reply as ‘under administrative processing’. Can you tell us what is this administrative processing?

Shiju T Jose , Ettumanoor

The U.S. routinely issues 10-year, multiple entry tourist and business visas to Indians—no other country’s visa has a longer validity. We process 97% of the visa applications we receive by the next business day, and only 0.1% take longer than a month.

In some instances we are obligated by U.S. law to take a closer look at an application. We do our best to make special provisions for applicants impacted by this administrative processing. It is our policy not to disclose the

October 2011

ASk AmericA | 33

specifics of what we do when we investigate cases. Each case is examined uniquely and some take longer than others. We appreciate your patience.

3. We know hardly anything about the organizational structure of either Republican or Democratic Party in U.S. Unlike in India, whether party leaders are not very much important in U.S.? We would also like to know the names of top leaders (President?) of each party?

R. Sreedevi, Kozhikode

The Republican and Democratic Parties in the U.S. are led by the Republican National Committee and the Democratic National Committee, respectively. The committees, comprised of representatives from all 50 of the United States as well as the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and other territories, set party platforms and establish rules for national elections in every state. They also send delegates to their national conventions, which are held during presidential election years at which the parties choose their nominees for President of the United States. The conventions are held every four years – the next ones will be held in 2012: the Republican one in Tampa, Florida; the Democratic one in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The chairman of the Republican National Committee is Reince Priebus, who previously served as chairman of the Wisconsin Republican Party. The chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee is a member of the U.S. Congress – Representative Debbie Wasserman Schultz, a Democrat from Florida.

4. How much is the annual U.S. aid to Pakistan? Are you giving any such aid to India?

Y.Nazer, Kozhikode

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) extends assistance to countries recovering from disaster, trying

to escape poverty, and engaging in democratic reforms. The U.S. continues to be the world’s largest bilateral donor, having given $34 billion in economic aid to 184 countries in fiscal year 2009.

In Fiscal Year 2010, USAID has allotted $1.3 billion to Pakistan, which is being used for stabilization, education, energy, humanitarian assistance, health, earthquake reconstruction, social assistance, agriculture, economic growth and governance.

Separate from humanitarian aid, the U.S. Government also provides military aid to Pakistan to assist with counterterrorism efforts. As President Obama has said, it is in our national interest to support Pakistani efforts to develop democratic institutions, foster economic growth, and reject violent extremism.

Notably, India’s situation is different. The United States and India are committed to working in partnership to reach India’s development goal of halving poverty by 2015. USAID has forged a strong relationship with India since 1951, and provides India assistance for investing in various programs for the benefit of the people of India.

To learn more about U.S. humanitarian efforts, please visit http://www.usaid.gov/index.html.

5. How do we get a membership in American Library? Will you send us books by courier?

Lisy Varghese, Ernakulam

The American Library holds a strong collection of materials on American government, literature, history, international relations, economy and global issues. The catalog of all the American Libraries in India can be found at

for more information about membership, resources and services of our library in Chennai. The membership application form can be downloaded using the following link http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/pdfs/a l - ind-membform.pdf. Members of the American library located away from Chennai receive books via courier. For additional details, please contact [email protected].

October 2011

34 | ASk AmericA




hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°¬hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°¬hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°¬hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°¬hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°¬]ÿm\w]ÿm\w]ÿm\w]ÿm\w]ÿm\w

Atacn-°≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Ak-a-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ s]mXp-P\ Aa¿j-Øns‚]Xn- -e-\-amtWm "hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°¬ ]ÿm\w?'

cmPio tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

Be-∏pg

tIm¿∏-td‰v B¿Øn, _m¶v XI¿®-Iƒ XS-bm-\p≈ s]mXp-]-≤-Xn,hmƒkvSo-‰ns‚ (Hm-l-cn-hn-]-Wn) A]-am-ZnXzw XpS-ßn-b-h-bvs°-Xn-cmbnsk]v‰w-_¿ 17 \mWv kmº-ØnIPn√-bpsS lrZ-b-amb temh¿ am≥lm-´-\n¬ "hmƒkvSo‰v Iø-S-°pI ]ÿm\w' XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkn¬ Atßm-f-an-tßm-fw, Uk≥ IW-°n\v \K-c-ß-fn-te°v AXv

hym]n-®p. F√m cmjvSo-b-I-£n-I-fnepw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-cpw, Ne-®nX Xmc-ßfpw ]m´p-Imcpw Fgp-Øp-ImcpwhnZym- ymk hnN-£-Wcpw Hs° BbAta-cn-°-°mcn-te°v hf-cp-Ibpw ]S-cp-Ibpw sNbvX ]ÿm\w ]kn-U‚ v _cm°v H_m-a-bpsS i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb Hcp Bi-¶-bpsS kqN-\-bp-am-Wv. HIvtSm-_¿ Bdn\v \S-ØnbHcp ]X-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]kn-U‚ vH_ma ]d-™p. "Ata-cn-°≥ P\XA\p- -hn-°p∂ \ncm-i-I-fpsS ]Xn- -e-\-amWv CsX∂v Rm≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p.tK‰v Un]-j-\p-tijw I≠ G‰hpwISpØ kmº-ØnI ]Xn-k-‘n-bnemWv \Ω-fn-t∏mƒ. F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw cmPy-amsI Htc Xc-Øn-ep≈òa-amb XI¿®. BZy-L-´-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu Zpc-hÿ-bpsS Imc-W-`q-X-amb Zpjn® \S-]-Sn-Isf XpS-®p-\o-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bnepw AXns\ \ncp-Ø-c-hm-Z-]-c-ambn ]h¿Øn®v Cu ÿnXn-bn-se-Øn® AtX Bfp-Iƒ FXn¿°p-∂Xv \nßƒ°v ImWm-\m-hpw.'

Ata-cn-°≥ ]uc-∑m¿ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ kzmX-¥y-Øn-te°pw shfn®w hoip-∂-XmWv Cu

]ÿm\w. kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn HØp-IqSp-∂Xn\pw Xpd-∂p-]-d-bp-∂Xn-\p-ap≈ ]uc-∑m-cpsS Ah-Imiw kwc-£n-°p-∂-XmWv bp.-F-kv. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS H∂mw t`Z-K-Xn. H∂mw t`Z-KXn Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. "aX-kw-_-‘n-bmtbm kzX-¥ A\p-jvTm-\-ßsfl\n-°p-∂-tXm, Xpd-∂p-]-d-bm≥ ]X-ßƒ°p-ap≈ kzmX-¥ysØ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-tXm, t¢i-\n-hm-c-W-Øn\vkam-[m-\-]-c-ambn Iq´w tNcm\pwk¿°m-cn¬ ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sm-\p-ap≈ P\-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-isØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂tXm Bb Hcp \nb-ahpw tIm¨Kkv krjvSn-°-cp-Xv.'

Du¿÷ hnI-k\Du¿÷ hnI-k\Du¿÷ hnI-k\Du¿÷ hnI-k\Du¿÷ hnI-k\klmklmklmklmklmbwbwbwbwbw

]p\-cp¬∏m-Z\ Du¿÷-tkm-X-kp-I-fpsS, ]tXy-In®pw kutcm¿÷-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn\v C¥ybv°v Ata-cn° Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\vtUmf-dp-I-fpsS klmbw \¬Ip-∂-Xmbn Nne aoUn-bm-dn-t∏m¿´p-IƒASp-ØnsS I≠n-cp-∂p. Cu kmº-ØnI klmbw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xns‚ \S-]-Sn-Iaw Fß-s\-bmWv?tIµ k¿°m¿ hgn amX-amtWm C

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 13 \hw_¿ 2011

November 2011

ASk AmericA | 35

Xns‚ hnX-cWw?

Pn. Acp¨\m-b¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

Du¿÷-£-a-X-bnepw ]p\-cp¬∏m-

Z\ Du¿÷-Ønepw (renewable energy)]Ir-Xn-ku-lrZ kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bnepw

]pXnb apt∂-‰-ßƒ°v thKw Iq´p-I-

sb-∂-XmWv ip≤Du¿÷sØ (cleanenergy) t]mjn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ bp.-

F-kv˛ C¥y kl-I-cWw e£y-an-Sp-

∂-Xv. ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw k¿°m¿

GP≥kn-I-fp-sSbpw hy‡n-I-fp-sS

bpw £aX Iqń-s°m≠v C¥y-bpsS

Du¿÷-ta-Je IqSp-X¬ D¬∏m-Z-\-£-

ahpw kpÿn-chpw B°p-∂-Xn¬ bp.-

F-kv.-F-bvUns‚ Du¿÷-]-≤Xn D]-

I-cn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bp-ambn tN¿∂p≈

Du¿÷-˛-km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZy apt∂-‰-ß

sf klm-bn-°p-Ibpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sN-øp∂ "]m¿SvW¿jn∏v Sp A

Uzm≥kv ¢o≥ F\¿Pn' (]n.-F-kv.-C)

]cn-]m-Sn-bmWv bp.-F-kv. C¥y kl-

I-c-WsØ apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip

∂ ][m\ LS-Iw. Du¿÷-cw-KØv

\mev Zi-I-ßƒ \ofp-∂, ]tXy-In®pw

IqSpX¬ Du¿÷-£-ahpw ]Ir-Xn-

ku-lr-Z-hp-amb tImƒ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-

Zy-bp-sSbpw Du¿÷-£-a-X-bp-sSbpw

]p\-cp¬∏m-Z\ Du¿÷ßfpsS hnIm-

k-Ønepw D≈ bp.-F-kv.-F-bvUns‚

A\p-`-h-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amhpw bp.-

F-kv.-FbvUv t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ Un

tπm-bvsa‚ v Iwt]m-W‚ v (]n.-F.-kn.-

C. Un). IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-

hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I.http://www.usaid.gov/in/index.html.

Cw•ojv `mjm≤ym]-\hpwCw•ojv `mjm≤ym]-\hpwCw•ojv `mjm≤ym]-\hpwCw•ojv `mjm≤ym]-\hpwCw•ojv `mjm≤ym]-\hpw

]T-\hpw]T-\hpw]T-\hpw]T-\hpw]T-\hpwC¥y≥ kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw

]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ ZenXv kaq-l-sØ-bmWv Rßƒ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Rß-sf-t∏m-se-bp≈A[x-ÿnX P\-hn-`m-K-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Cw•ojv ]T\w t]m’m-ln-∏n°p∂Xn\v Fs¥-¶nepw ]tXyIbp.-F-kv. ]≤-Xn-I-fp-t≠m-sb∂vAdn-bm≥ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≠v. Rß-fpsS P\-hn-`m-K-ß-ƒ°nS-bn¬ hnZym-`ymkw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\vbp.-Fkv FbvUns‚ Fs¥-¶nepw]≤-Xn-I-fpt≠m F∂pw Adn-™m¬sIm≈mw.

cmP≥ _m_p,

tIm´bw.

Cw•ojv mj-bpsS A≤ym-]-\hpw]T-\hpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ c≠v]≤-Xn-I-fmWv bp.-F-kv. k¿°m-cn\vC¥y-bn-ep-≈-Xv. ]nt∂m° kaq-l-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ 14 \pw 18 \pw CS-bn¬

]mb-ap≈ ]Xn-`m-im-en-I-fmb Ip™p-ßƒ°v Cw•ojv `mjm ]mhn-Wy-Øn¬ ASn-Ød CSp-∂-XmWv Cw•ojv AIvkkv ssatIm-kvtIm-f¿jn]v t]mKmw (english Access Microscholarship Program). th\-e-h[n ka-bsØ Xoh Iymºp-Ifpw kvIpƒ ka-b-Øn\ptij-ap≈ ¢mkp-Ifpw Dƒs∏sS c≠v h¿j-amWv Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS Imem-h-[n. XpS-°-an´ 2004 apX¬ CXp-h-sc-bmbn C¥y Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ 85 cmPy-ß-fn¬\n-∂mbn 70,000hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ AIvkkv ]≤-Xn-bpsS mK-am-bn-´p-≠v. C¥y-bn¬ \ne-hn¬ 17 AIvkkv tIµ-ß-fn-embnBbn-c-tØmfw hnZym¿∞n-I-fmWvHmtcm h¿jhpw ]pXp-Xmbn tNcp-∂-Xv.

Al-Ω-Zm-_mZv, Aen-KUv, Hudw-Km-_m-Zv. sNss∂. tImgn-t°mSv. U¬ln, PΩp, sIm¬°-Ø, Beph Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIµ-ß-fn-embn c≠m-bn-c-Øn-tesd hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ CXn-\IwAIvkkv ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-ń-´p-≠v.

tamUn-tbm-Sp≈ kao]\Øn¬ am‰apt≠m?tamUn-tbm-Sp≈ kao]\Øn¬ am‰apt≠m?tamUn-tbm-Sp≈ kao]\Øn¬ am‰apt≠m?tamUn-tbm-Sp≈ kao]\Øn¬ am‰apt≠m?tamUn-tbm-Sp≈ kao]\Øn¬ am‰apt≠m?KpP-dmØv apJy-a¥n \tc-µ-tam-Unsb

]pI-gvØn-s°m≠v CubnsS ]pd-Øp-h∂bp.-F-kv. tIm¨Kkv dnt∏m¿´v tamUnsbkw_-‘n-®p≈ bp.-F-kv. k¿°m-cns‚]p\¿hn-Nn-¥-\-Øns‚ `mK-amtWm? AtX-t]mse. KpP-dm-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ hym]I a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\-sØ-∏‰n Cu dnt∏m¿´v\n»-_vZX ]men-°p-∂Xpw F¥mWv.

sI. Pam¬

tImgn-t°mSv

bp.-F-kv. c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW-im-Jbv°v D]-I-cn-°p∂ kzX-¥-K-th-jWw\S-Øp∂ \njv]£ ÿm]-\-amWv tIm¨K-

ko-j-W¬ dnk¿®v k¿∆okv (kn.-B¿.-F-kv) hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hni-I-e\waqew Gsd BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ÿm]-\-am-sW-¶n-epw, Ah-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ bp.-F-kv. k¿°mcns‚ HutZym-KnI \bsØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂n√."C¥y, B`y-¥-c]-iv\ßƒ \b-]-c-amb _e-X¥w bp.-F-kv. _‘-ßƒ'(india: Domestic issues, Strategic Dynamics, And u.S. relations) F∂ t]cn-ep≈ hn]p-e-amb dnt∏m¿ń¬ C¥y-bpsS ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ kmº-ØnIhnI-k-\hpw aX-kzm-X¥yw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ a\p-jym-h-Imi ]iv\-ßfpwC¥y-bpsS hntZ-i, B`y-¥c \b-ßƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ hnhn[ hi-ß-fp-amWv kn.-B¿.-Fkv hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. Ccp-]-›m-Ø-e-Ønepw KpP-dm-Øns\∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v.

km¿∆tZ-io-b-ambn AwKo-I-cn-®n- p≈ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS X¬ÿnXnkw_-‘n-®p≈ ]q¿Æ-amb dnt∏m¿´v bp.-F-kv.-tÃ‰v Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v Hmtcmh¿jhpw ]pd-Øn-d-°m-dp≠v. Cu tcJ-Iƒ ImWp-∂-Xn\v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°pI. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt.

13 \hw_¿ 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

November 2011

36 | ASk AmericA





Csa-bn¬ hnemkw


c≠mw ]≤-Xn-bn¬, C¥y-bnepwa‰p cmPy-ß-fnepw A≤ym-]-I-scbpwhnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw hntZ-i- m-j-bmbnCw•ojv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ata-cn-°≥ s]m^-j-W¬ emwtKzPv C≥kvS-IvS¿am¿°v e`n-°p∂p ]Øp-am-ksØ s^tem-jn-∏mWv. BtKmfkºZv hyh-ÿ-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-Iƒ BIp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]mhoWyw hntZi A≤ym-]-I¿°pw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw Cw•ojv emwtKz Pvs^tem-Iƒ \¬Ipw. tIcfw Dƒs∏sS C¥y≥ Cw•ojv emwtKzP vs^tem-Iƒ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

hmjnw-KvS-Wn¬ ASp-ØnsS \S∂bp.-F-kv C¥y D∂-X-hn-Zym- ymk D®-tImSn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-t]mses]mXpsh hnZym- ymk cwKsØ kl-I-c-W-Øn¬ bp.-F-kpw. C¥ybpwH∂n®v ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw XΩn¬ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ kl-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ km≤y-X-I-fpsS am¿§-tc-J-bv°m-bp≈ hm¿jnI D`-b-I£n kwcw`wF∂ \ne-bn¬ bp.-F-kv. C¥y hn]p-eo-IrX D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ymk N¿®-Iƒ°v tÃ‰v skI-´dn ln√cn ¢n‚\pwtIµ a¥n I]n¬ kn_n-ep-amWv

XpS-°-an- -Xv. CuN¿®-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw apX¬Iq-´m-Ip∂ hn\n-a -b-ßƒ°pw Ccp-]-£-Øp-ap≈ hnZym -`ym -k-cwKwkzIm-cy-ta-Je,k¿°m¿ F∂nh XΩn-ep≈ Xohhpw A¿∞-h-Øp-amb kl-I-c-W-ßƒ°p≈thZn Hcp-°p-∂-X p - a m - W v . b pssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vknepw C¥y-bn-ep-ambn H∂n-S-hn´v h¿j-ß-fn¬N¿® XpS-cm-\mWv ]≤-Xn.

]e-]e-]e-]e-]e-kvXos‚ cmjvS-]ZhnkvXos‚ cmjvS-]ZhnkvXos‚ cmjvS-]ZhnkvXos‚ cmjvS-]ZhnkvXos‚ cmjvS-]Zhn cmjvS-]-Z-hn-°m-bp≈ ]e-kvXo

≥ \o°sØ bp.-F-kv. F¥n-\m-WvFXn¿°p-∂Xv?

Fw. \n m¿

IÆq¿

at≤yjybn¬ hnim-ehpw\oXn-]q¿∆hpw imiz-X-hp-ambkam-[m-\-Øn\v bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkv ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am-Wv.PqX-cm-jvShpw Pq-X-P-\-X-bpsS amXr-tZ-i-hp-ambn Ckmt-bepw, ]e-kvXo≥ P\-X-bpsS amXr-cm-Py-ambn ]e-kvXo\pw F∂o c≠v cmjvS-ßƒc≠v P\-Xbv°v D≠m-hWw.kzbw \n¿Æm-b-Im-h-Im-i-Ømepw ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Dƒs°m-≈-emepw kam-[m-\-Ømepw c≠v cmjvS-ßfpw hyXn-

32 tIc-f-i_vZw . 13 \hw_¿ 2011

cn-‡-hp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]e-kvXo-\n-b≥ A`n-em-j-ß-fpsS km£m-XvIm-c-Øn\v t\cn- p≈ N¿®-I-fmWv bmYm-¿-∞y-t_m-[-tØm-sS-bp≈ GI hgnF∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ°v ]q¿Æ-t_m-≤y-ap-≠v. bp.-F-≥. kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsScmjvS-]-Zhn t\Sm-\p≈ iaw hn]-coXêta Df-hm-°p-I-bp-≈p. kam-[m-\-tØmsS kl-h¿Øn-°p∂ kpc-£nX Ckm-tbepw kzX¥ ]e-kvXo\pw F∂-Xn-te°p≈ s]mXp-e-£y-Øn¬\n∂v i≤ am‰p-∂-Xm-Wvbp.-F≥. AwK-XzØn-eqsS ]e-kvXo-\n-b≥ cmjvSw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈iaw. ]ÿm-\-ßsf cmjvSo -b-h¬°-cn-°m\pw ZuXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn-\p≈ Ah-bpsS tijnsb XI¿°m-\pta CØcw ia-ßƒ D]-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≈p. .

November 2011

ASk AmericA | 37

1. Whether the “Wall street move-ment” is reflecting the public un-rest against the growing inequality in U.S. society?

Rajasree GopalakrishnanAlappuzha

The “Occupy Wall Street” movement started in the heart of the financial district in lower Man-hattan on Sept. 17 as an objection to corporate greed, bank bailouts and the power of Wall Street. It has since spread to dozens of cit-ies across the United States. That the movement has grown and swept up Americans from all polit-ical parties as well as movie stars, musicians, writers and educators, is an indication of the concern that has also attracted the attention of U.S. President Barack Obama. During a press conference on Oct. 6, President Obama said, “I think it expresses the frustrations that the American people feel – that we had the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, huge collateral damage all through-out the country, all across Main Street, and yet you’re still seeing some of the same folks who acted

irresponsibly trying to fight efforts to crack down on abusive practic-es that got us into this problem in the first place.”

The movement also reflects a basic freedom afforded United States citizens. The First Amend-ment to the U.S. Constitution pro-tects citizens’ right to free speech and peaceable assembly. The First Amendment reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an estab-lishment of religion, or prohibit-ing the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for re-dress of grievances.”

2. Recently we saw some reports in media regarding the U.S. aid of Millions of dollars to India for devel-oping renewable energy sources, especially the solar energy. What is the process of channelizing this money? Are you disbursing it only through the central government?

G. Arun Nair, Thiruvanan-thapuram

The U.S-India Partnership to

Advance Clean Energy aims to ac-celerate innovation in energy ef-ficiency, renewable energy, and clean technologies. USAID’s ener-gy program contributes to making India’s energy sector more efficient and sustainable by enhancing the capacity of institutions, govern-ment agencies, and individuals.

A key instrument to carry for-ward U.S.-India collaboration is the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy (PACE) program, which will support and strengthen en-ergy-technology innovation with India. The USAID-led Deployment Component (PACE-D) will build on USAID’s four decades of energy experience, specifically in the de-velopment and promotion of more efficient and cleaner coal tech-nologies, energy efficiency, and renewable energy development. For more information please visit: http://www.usaid.gov/in/index.html.

3. Whether the recent U.S. Con-gress report on Gujarath, glorify-ing Chief Minister Narendra Modi is a rethinking from the part of

November 2011

38 | ASk AmericA

U.S. government on Modi? Also why this report keeps silent on the widespread violation of human rights in the State?

K.Jamal, KozhikodeThe Congressional Research

Service (CRS) is a nonpartisan in-stitution that provides independent research for the legislative branch of the U.S. government. Although highly respected for its objective analysis, its views do not repre-sent the official policy of the U.S. government. In a wide-ranging report entitled “India: Domestic Issues, Strategic Dynamics, and U.S. Relations,” the CRS explored several aspects of India’s foreign and domestic policy, including In-dia’s rapid economic growth and human rights concerns such as religious freedom. Gujarat was mentioned in both contexts.

Each year the U.S. Depart-ment of State produces complete reports regarding the status of internationally recognized human rights. To view these documents, please visit: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/.4. We represent the Dalits, the most disadvantaged section of Indian society. We would like to know whether the U.S. has any special project to promote Eng-lish learning among the under-privileged people like us. We are also interested to know about the possibilities for USAID to promote education among our people.

Rajan Babu, KottayamThe U.S. Government has two

programs in India that promote English Language Teaching and Learning. The “English Access Mi-croscholarship Program” provides a foundation of English language skills to talented 14-to 18-year-olds from disadvantaged sectors through a two year program of after-school classes and inten-sive summer camps. Since its in-ception in 2004, approximately 70,000 students in more than 85 countries including India have par-ticipated in the Access Program. Currently, there are 17 Access

locations throughout India and ap-proximately 1,000 new students are enrolled each year. So far more than 2,000 students have completed or are enrolled in Ac-cess programs in Ahmedabad, Ali-garh, Aurangabad, Chennai, Cali-cut, Delhi, Jammu, Kolkata, Aluva and Thiruvananthapuram.

In the second program, Ameri-can professional language instruc-tors receive ten-month fellowships to teach English as a foreign lan-guage to teachers and students in India and around the world. These English Language Fellows provide foreign teachers and students with the communication skills they will need to participate in the global economy. English Language Fel-lows provide training across India, including Kerala.

Generally, the U.S. and India are working closely on educational partnerships, as evidenced by the recent U.S.-India Higher Education Summit in Washington D.C. There, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Minister Kapil Sibal launched the expanded U.S.-India Higher Education Dialogue as an annual bilateral event to map out strate-gies for partnership in the field of education between the two coun-tries. The Dialogue will identify areas for mutually beneficial ex-changes and provide a platform

for intense and meaningful col-laboration among academia, the private sector, and government on both sides. The plan is for the Dia-logue to be held alternately in the United States and India.

5. Why U.S. is opposing the Pales-tinian move for Statehood?

M.Nizar, KannurThe United States is commit-

ted to a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in the Middle East, including two states for two peo-ples – Israel as a Jewish state and the homeland for the Jewish peo-ple and the State of Palestine as the homeland for the Palestinian people – each enjoying self-deter-mination, mutual recognition, and peace. We’ve been very clear that the only realistic path for realizing Palestinian aspirations is through direct negotiations, and that ef-forts to achieve statehood through the UN system are counterproduc-tive. Efforts to secure a Palestin-ian state by seeking membership in UN entities distract us from our shared goal of a negotiated settle-ment that results in a secure Israel and an independent Palestine liv-ing peacefully side by side. Such efforts also politicize the organiza-tions and could undermine their ability to carry out their missions.

November 2011

ASk AmericA | 39




tIc-f-ØnseAta-cn-°≥Iº-\n-Iƒ

tIcf-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂][m\ Ata-cn-°≥ Iº-\n-IƒGsX-√mamWv? kwÿm-\Øv bp.-F-kv. \nt£]w Db¿Øm-\p≈ Fs¥-¶nepw ]≤-Xn-bpt≠m?

tPm¿÷v amXyp

sIm®n

_nkn-\- p-Imcpw k¿°mcpw ]mtZ-inI hyh-kmb kan-Xn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈hcp-ambn tN¿∂v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ kZm D¬kp-I-cm-Wv.

bp.-F-kv.]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒtIc-f-Ønse ]ªn°v sse_-dn-

Iƒ°v Ata-cn-°≥ k¿°m¿ ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ Fs¥-¶nepw ]≤-Xn-I-fpt≠m?

sI.-sP. \µ-Ip-am¿

Be-∏pg

]Xn-∏p-Iƒ tIc-f-Ønse sse_-dn-Iƒ°pw a‰p X¬∏-c-cm-b-h¿°pwC¥y-bnse Ata-cn-°≥ sse_-dn-Iƒ hnX-cWw sNøp-∂p-ap-≠v. a‰v hn -h-ßƒs°m∏w Cu ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw e`yam -°p -∂-Xn\v http://iipdigital. usembassy.gov/ kµ¿in-°mw.

D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\vsNtø-≠Xv

tIc-f-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ Ipssh-Øn-emWv Xma-kw.D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\v bp.-F-kn-te°v t]mh-W-sa-∂p-≠v. hnkm A`n-ap-J-Øn\vRm≥ sNss∂-bn¬ FØ-W-sa-∂pt≠m? AtXm Ipssh-‰nse bp.-F-kv. Fw_kn aptJ\ CXn-\m-Iptam?

]oXn F_lmw

IpsshØv

\ne-hn¬ Ipssh-Øn-ep≈ \nßƒ°v Ahn-sS-Øs∂ At]-£n-°m-\m-hpw. ]t£, Ipssh-Øn-s\-°mfpwC¥y-bp-am-bmWv \nß-fpsS _‘-ßƒ IqSp-X-se-¶n¬ C¥y-bn¬ At]-£n-°p∂ km[y-Xbpw \nßƒ°v]cn-K-Wn-°mw. ]T\ hnkbv°v At]-£n-°p-tºmƒ hy‡-amb ]T-\-Xm¬∏-cyhpw kmº-ØnI sNe-hp-IƒXmßm-\p≈ tijnbpw \nßƒ°vsXfn-bn-°m-\m-h-Ww. BZy-h¿jsØSyqj≥ ôkn\pw Xma-k-sN-e-hp-Iƒ°pw th≠ XpI DS-\Sn \¬Im≥Bh-iy-Øn\v ]Ww \nß-fpsS Iøn-ep-s≠-∂p-≈-Xns‚ sXfn-hpw, XpS¿]T-\-Im-e-b-f-hn -te-°p≈ kmº-ØnI tkmX v kw_-‘n-®p≈hniz-k-\ob ]≤Xnbpw A`n-ap-J-k-a-bØv ka¿∏n-°m≥ \nßƒ°m-h-Ww. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v bp.-F-kv.-sF.-C-.F- ns‚ am¿§-\n¿t±iw tXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS tkh-\-ßƒkw_-‘n® hnh-c-ßƒ Adn-bm≥kµ¿in-°p-I. http://www. usief.org.inhnk kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]q¿Æ hnh-c-ßƒ°v, www. travel.state.gove.

aIvtIm¿an-Iv, s]]vkn, bp.-F-kv.Snt•m_¬, GWÃv B≥Uv bMv, Hdm-°nƒ, sF_nFw Dƒs∏sS \nc-h[nAta-cn-°-≥ Iº-\n-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬_nkn-\ v sNøp-∂p-≠v.

tIm¨k¬ P\-d¬ P∂n-^¿am°n≥dbdpw ]n≥kn-∏¬ sImta-gvky¬ Hmô-k¿ Pbnwkv tKmƒkWpw Ign™ amkw sIm®n kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂p. hyh-kmb kwcw-`-I-cp-ambnIqSn-°mgvN \S-Ønb Ccp-hcpw tIc-f-Ønse _nkn-\- p-Imcpw bp.-FkvIº-\n-I-fp-am-bp≈ _nkn-\ v _‘-ßƒ h¿≤n-∏n -°p-∂-Xn\v Dd∏pw\¬In. IqSp-X¬ bp.-F-kv. C¥y kwbp‡ kwcw-`-ßƒ°v hgn Xpd-°p-sa∂v Rßƒ ]Xo-£n-°p∂ ia-ßsf]e aS-ßm-°p-∂-Xn\v tIc-f-Ønse

C¥y-sb-ºm-Sp-ap≈ Ata-c-n°≥sse_-dn -I -fnepw Ata -cn -°≥tIm¿W-dp-I-fn-ep-ambn Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-tSbpw tP¿W-ep-I-fp-tSbpw Cw•ojv mjm ]T-\-k-lm-bn-I-fp-tSbpw tiJ-c-ap-≠v. CXn¬ Un.-hn. -Un-Ifpw ]X-ßfpw k¿°m¿]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.IqSm-sX, AwK-ß-fpsS HutZym-Kn-Itam hy‡n-]-ctam Bb Kth-j-W-ßƒ°v klm-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn]p-e-ambHm¨sse≥ hnh-c-ti-J-chpw Ata-cn-°≥ sse_-dn-Iƒ°p-≠v. AwKXzôkv \ma-am-X-am-Wv. tIcfw Dƒs∏sS C¥y-bn¬ Fhn-sS-\n∂pw ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmßm\pw Ign-bpw. sse_-dn-bpsS hn -h-ßfpw tkh-\-ßfpwkw_-‘n-®p≈ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Rß-fpsS tlmwt]Pv kµ¿in-°mw. http:/chennai.usconsulate.gov/resources.html.

tÃ‰v Un∏m¿´p-sa‚ns‚ _yqtdmHm v C‚¿\m-j-W¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥t]mwKmwkv ]pd-Øn-d-°p∂ GXm\pw ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fpsS kuP\y

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 18 Unkw_¿ 2011

December 2011

40 | ASk AmericA

Agn-aXnXS-bm-\p≈

kwhn-[m-\-ßƒbp.-F-kn¬ cmjvSo-b˛ k¿°m¿

Xe-ßƒ Agn-a-Xn-c-ln-X-am-°p-∂XvFß-s\-bmWv? temIv]m¬ t]mseFs¥-¶nepw kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ Agn-aXn XS-bp-∂-Xn\v Dt≠m?

F≥.-B¿. tKm]n-\m-Y-]n≈Be-∏pg

bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn\pw AXns‚k¿°m-cn\pw HutZym-Kn-I-`mj Fs∂m-∂n-√. 2010 se bp.-F-kv. sk≥kkv ]Imcw A©v hb- n\p apI-fn-ep≈ P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 80 iX-am-\-tØmfw Cw•ojv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Cw•ojv kwkm-cn-°mØ 20 iX-am-\-Øn¬ qcn-]£w kv]m\njv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂m-epw,ae-bmfw t]mse C¥y≥ `mj-IƒDƒs∏sS \nc-h[n mj-Iƒ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ Bfp-Iƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v kµ¿in-°pI. www:census.gov. .

Ata-cn-°-bnse ap…o-ßƒbp.-F-knse samØw P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ ap…o-ßƒ FX iX-am-\-amWv?

Ata-cn-°≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ B[p-\nI Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fp-ambn Ah¿s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?

Fw. dlvaØp≈

am\-¥-hmSn

bp.-F-kv. P\-kw-Jy-bpsSH∂v˛ c≠v iX-am-\-tØm-f-amWvap…ow Ata-cn-°≥kv D≈-Xv.Ad-_v, sX°≥ Gjy≥ hwi-P-cmb [mcmfw IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿Dƒ∏sS \mep `qJ-fi-ß-fnseF¨]-Xn-tesd cmPy-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ hfsc sshhn-[y-ta-dnbHcp P\-hn-`m-K-amWv Ah¿. bp.-F-kv. ap…o-ßƒ `qan-im-kvX-]-c-ambpw NnXdn ]m¿°p-∂p.kn‰n-I-fnepw sNdnb \K-c-ß-fnepw cmPy-sØ-ßp-ambntamkvIp-Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-e-bßfpw D≠v. Ata-cn-°≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fn¬ ap…o-ßƒ°v i‡-amb]mXn-\n-[y-ap-≠v. bp.-FkvtIm¨K-kn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ ÿm\-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏sS k¿°m-cnepwssk\y-Ønepw _nkn-\- nepw A°m-Z-anIv am[y-a-cw-K-ß-fnepw Ah¿]e \ne-I-fnepw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. kmln-Xy-Ønepw kwKo-X-Ønepwkn\n-a-bnepw sSen-hn-j-\n-epw-IqsS Ie-bnepw hnt\m-Z-Ønepw Ah-cpsS]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≠v. Rß-fpsS G‰hpw ]nb-s∏´ hnt\m-Z-ß-fmb Ata-cn-°≥ ^pSvt_m-fnepw _mkv°-‰vt_m-fnepw am‰p-c-bv°p∂ AXve-‰p-IƒDƒs∏sS s]m^-j-W¬ kvt]m¿Svkns‚ ta¬X-e-ß-fnepw Ah¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.

P\-ßƒ hnizmkw BN-cn-°p∂ coXn-bnepw ap…ow Ata-cn-°≥kaqlw hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Nne¿ ASn-bp-d® aX hnizm-kn-I-fm-Ip-tºmƒ Nne¿ BNm-c-ßƒ ]men-°m-sXbpw atX-X-c-cmbpw \n¬°p-∂p.Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw ]tXyI ]mc-º-cy-ß-tfmSv sI´p-]n-W™v InS-°p∂ kmwkv°m-cn-I˛ kmap-Zm-bnI Iq´m-bva-I-fp-ambn ]e ap…ow Ata-cn-°≥kpw kl-I-cn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, kΩn-i-ß-fmb ap…owayqknIv _m≥Up-Ifpw lmky Sq∏p-Ifpw amK-ko-\p-Ifpw tP¿W-ep-Ifpw BXp-c-tk-h\ kwL-S-\-Ifpw Hs° \ap°v ImWm-\m-hpw.

_lp GP≥kn kº-Zm-b-amWvAgn-aXn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkv kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Cu kao-]-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp LS-I-amWv Hmôkv Hm^v Kh¨sa‚ vFØnIvkv (oge, www:usoge.gove).`c-W-IqS \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS [m¿ΩnIam\-Z-fi-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw,k¿°m-cns‚ kpXm-cyX Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, k¬`-cWw t]m¬kmln∏n°p-∂-Xn\pw Hmôkv Hm^v amt\-Pvsa‚ v B≥Uv _P-‰v, Kh¨sa‚ vA°u-≠-_n-en‰n Hmô-kv, PÃnkvUn∏m¿´p-sa‚ v F∂n-h-bp-ambn H.-Pn.Ckl-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AtX-k-a-bw, sFIy-cmjvS kwL-S-\-bpw,Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j≥ Hm^v Ata-cn-°≥tÃ‰v kpw, Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j≥ t^m¿C°-tWm-anIv tIm˛ Hm∏-td-j≥ B≥Uv Uh-e-∏p-sa‚pw (oecD) a‰p cmPym-¥c kwL-S-\-Ifpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]n¥p-W-bv°p∂ cmPym-¥c _nkn-\ v CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ ssI°q-enbpwAgn-a-Xnbpw XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Iymws]-bn-\ns‚ ap≥\n-c-bnepw bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv D≠v. CXp-Iq-Sm-sX, 1977se t^mdn≥ Id]v‰v ]mIvSo-kkv BIvSn-eqsS (FcPA) hntZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Ata-cn-°≥ tIm¿∏-td-‰p-Iƒ ssI °qen sImSp-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-∂p.

HutZym-KnI `mjbp.-F-kv. k¿°m-cns‚ HutZym-

KnI `mj-bmbn Cw•o-jn\v AwKo-Im-c-apt≠m? bp.-F-kn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ a‰v ][m\ `mj-Iƒ GsX-√m-amWv?

tP°_v tPm¨tIm´bw

18 Unkw_¿ 2011. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

December 2011

ASk AmericA | 41

1. Which are the major American companies doing businesses in Kerala? Do you have any plan to increase U.S. investment in the State?

George Mathew, Kochi

There are many American com-panies doing business in Kerala, including McCormick, Coca-Co-la, Pepsi, UST Global, Ernst and Young, Oracle, and IBM.Consul General Jennifer McIn-

tyre and Principal Commercial Of-ficer James Golsen visited Kochi last month. They met with various industry stakeholders and offered to increase business interactions between Kerala-based business-men and U.S. companies. We are keen on working with Kerala busi-nesses, government and local in-dustry associations to multiply our efforts, which we hope will result in more U.S.-India joint ventures.

2. Do you have any schemes to provide American government publications freely to public librar-ies in Kerala?

K.J. Nandakumar, Alappuzha

American Libraries and Ameri-can Corners throughout India house thousands of books, jour-nals and English Language learn-ing materials, along with DVD’s, newspapers and government publications. In addition, Ameri-can Libraries have vast online databases available to members for their professional or personal research. Membership fees are nominal, and allow users to bor-row materials from anywhere in India, including Kerala. You may visit our home page at http://chennai .usconsulate.gov/re-sources.html for more informa-tion about the resources and ser-vices of our library.

American Libraries in India also distribute free copies of certain publications published by the State Department’s Bureau of In-ternational Information Programs, to libraries in Kerala and other in-terested parties. You may access these publications online along with other resources at http://iip-digital.usembassy.gov/.

3. I am from Kerala, but now live in Kuwait. I would like to go to U.S. for higher studies. Am I sup-posed to come to Chennai for a visa interview, or can I do it here at your Kuwait Embassy?

Preethy AbrahamConsular,

KuwaitYou can apply in Kuwait as you

are currently residing there. If your ties are more to India than Kuwait, you may consider the option of applying in India. When you ap-

December 2011

42 | ASk AmericA

ply for a student visa, you must demonstrate legitimate academic interests along with evidence of adequate finances to cover costs. You must be able to provide evi-dence of sufficient funds imme-diately available to pay your first year of tuition and living expenses as well as a credible funding plan for subsequent years of your edu-cation at the time of the interview. To learn more, you may seek guid-ance from USIEF. Information on their services is available at http://www.usief.org.in. For complete information on visas, you may also refer to www.travel.state.gov.

4. How the U.S. has become free of corruption in political and gov-ernment levels? Is there any mech-anism like Lokpal to deal with cor-ruption?

N.R. Gopinatha Pillai, Kollam

The United States has adopted a multi-agency strategy for fighting corruption, and the Office of Gov-ernment Ethics (OGE) represents one component of this approach (see www.usoge.gov). The OGE cooperates with the Office of Man-agement and Budget, the Govern-ment Accountability Office, and the Justice Department to estab-lish standards of ethical conduct

for the executive branch, ensure transparency in government, and promote good governance. At the same time, the United States has been a leader in the multinational effort to end bribery and corruption in international business practices, a campaign that has been sup-ported by the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and other multilateral or-ganizations and institutions. In addition, the 1977 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) prohibits the payment of bribes by American corporations operating overseas.

5. How much is the percentage of Muslims in the total population of U.S.? How do they adjust with the modern lifestyles of American society?

M.Rahmathulla, Mananthavadi

Muslim Americans make up be-tween one and two percent of the total U.S. population. They are a highly diverse group, originat-ing from more than 80 countries on four continents including many immigrants of Arab and South Asian descent. The U.S. Muslim population is also geographically dispersed—with mosques and re-

ligious centers located across the country and in both cities and small towns.

Muslims are well-represented across American society. They hold a variety of professions in gov-ernment, including as elected offi-cials serving in the U.S. Congress, as well as in the military, business, academia and the media. They are involved in arts and entertainment through literature, music, and film and television. They also partici-pate at the highest levels of pro-fessional sports, including athletes who compete in some of our favor-ite pastimes such as American foot-ball and basketball.

The Muslim American com-munity is also very diverse in the way its people choose to exercise their faith. Some are religiously devout while others decide to be non-practicing and secular. Many Muslim Americans participate in cultural or civic groups that may be tied to their specific traditions. For example, one can find a wide mixture of Muslim music bands, comedy troupes, magazines and journals, and charitable organiza-tions.

6. Whether English has the recog-nition as official language of the U.S. government? What are other main languages spoken in U.S.?

Jacob John, Kottayam

The United States and its gov-ernment have no official language. According to the 2010 U.S. Cen-sus, 80 percent of the population older than five speaks English. Of the 20 percent that does not speak English, the majority speaks Spanish. However, many differ-ent languages are spoken across the United States, including many from India, such as Malayalam. For more information, visit www.census.gov.

December 2011

ASk AmericA | 43




bp.-F-kv.Xnc-s™-Sp∏vkwhn-[m\w

?bp.-F-kn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ HutZym-KnI kwhn-[m\w F¥m-Wv. C¥y-bn-teXpt]mse tZio-b, tÃ‰v Xe-ß-fn¬Xnc-s™-Sp∏p IΩn-j≥ \ne-hn-ep-t≠m.

sI.Pn. cma-N-µ≥, Xriq¿

`c-W-L-S\ \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ime-I-a-Øn¬, `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-K-Xn-I-fn-eqsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏p N´-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ \n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw thm´¿am-cpsSAh-Im-i-ßƒ hnim-e-am-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.

bp.-F-kv. c-W-L-S-\bv°p ]pdtathm´¿am¿°p th≠ ASn-ÿm\tbmKy-X-Ifpw tÃ‰v, ]mtZ-inI Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-sXßs\-sb∂v hni-Zam-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂\nb-a-ßƒ 50 tÃ‰p-Iƒ°p-ap-≠v. Xnc-s™-Sp∏p \nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v Npa-X-e-s∏´ No^v Ce-£≥kvHmô-ktdm hnim-e-amb CeIvj≥kv Hmôtkm Hmtcm tÃ‰n\pw D≠m-Ipw. Hmtcm tÃ‰p-I-fnepw hn`n-∂-X-Iƒ \ne-\n¬ °ptºmƒ Xs∂cmPysØ apgp-h≥ Ce-£≥ A[n-Ir-Xcpw GXm≠v Htc tPmen-Iƒ Xs∂sNøp∂p. skan-\m-dp-Ifpw ]cn-io-e-\-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I, _me‰vk¿ń^n-t°-j\pw ss]adn Ce-£≥^≠nßpw \¬Ip-I, Xnc-s™-Sp∏pN -ß-fpsS hymJym\w \¬IpI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv ][m\ ]h¿Ø\-ßƒ. thm´¿ cPn-kvtS-j\v s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v klm-b-ßfpw \¬Ipw.Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ \nb-¥n-°p∂ kzX¥ GP≥kn-bmWv sÛ-d¬ Ce-£≥kv IΩn-j≥ (F-^v-C-kn). ]Nm-c-W-s®-e-hp-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I, ]W-∏n-cn-hp-I-fpsS \nb-¥-W-ßfpw \ntcm-[-\-ßfpw t]mse-bp≈ N´-ß-fnse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Dd-∏m-°p-I, ]kn-U‚ v Xnc-s™-Sp-∏nse k¿°m¿ ≠nßv \nco-£n-°pI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv IΩn-js‚ Npa-X-e-Iƒ. Xnc-s™-Sp∏v kw_-‘n-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°vZb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I, http://www.usa.gov/Cit izen/Topics/Vot ing/Learn.shtml.

hnk?kpXm-cy-Xbpw Adn-bm-\p≈

Ah-Im-ihpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-fm-Wv. temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]gb P\m-[n-]-Xy-

cm-jvS-sa∂v Ata-cn° kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sN øp∂p. ]t£,Hcp hnk \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒAXv F¥ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-sW∂p t]mepw \nßƒ ]d-bm-dn-√.CXp P\m-[n -]Xyaqey-ß-ƒ°ptNcp-∂-Xm-tWm.

KoXm Ac-hn-µv,

sImbn-em≠n

2012 se bp.-F-kv. ]kn-U‚ v Xnc-s™-Sp∏v AXn-thKw ASp-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu tNmZyw G‰hpw ka-tbm-NnX-am-Wv. tZio-b, tÃ‰v, ]mtZ-inIXe-ß-fn¬ P\-ß-fm¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp≈sÛ-d¬ kwhn-[m-\-amWv bpssW‰Uv tÃ‰vkn-\p-≈-Xv. Htc t]msesÛ-d¬, tÃ‰v \nb-a-ß-fm¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \nb-¥n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.sÛ-d¬ Xe-Øn¬ ]kn-U‚ v, tIm¨Kkv Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-sX ßs\-sb∂v bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv

\nb-am-\p-kr-X-ap≈ bmX-Iƒ°vAh-k-c-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn¬ bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkv ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am-Wv. Bdpe£-Øn-tesd t\m¨ Can-K‚ v hnk-I-fmWv C¥y-bn¬ Hmtcm h¿jhpwbp.-F-kv. ssIImcyw sNøp∂-Xv.CXn¬ 97 iXam\w At]-£-I-fnepwsXm´-SpØ ]h¿Øn Znh-k-Øn-\Iw\S-]-Sn-Ifpw kzoI-cn-°pw. hnk \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´m¬ AXns‚ Imc-W-ßƒhni-Z-am-°ns°m≠p≈ IØv At]-£-I\p e`n-°pw. At]-£-I¿°vamXr-cm-Py-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-ßƒ,bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ sN∂v A\-[n-IrX ]Wn-sbm∂pw sNømsXt]mbn-h-cm-\p≈ kmºØnItijn,At]£ \¬In-bn-´p≈ hnk Ivfmkpw bmX-bpsS e£yhpw XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv hnk Hm^n-k¿am¿ ]cn-K-Wn-bv°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ. Bflm¿Y-ambpw]T-\-Øn-\m-sW∂pw, ]T-\-tijw amXr-cm-Py-tØbv°p aSßpsa∂pw ]T-\-s®-e-hp-Iƒ Xmßm-\p≈ tijn-bp-s≠∂pw sXfn-bn-°m≥ hnZym¿Yn hnk-bv°p≈ At]-£-I¿°m-h-Ww.hnk kw_-‘n-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn kµ¿in-°p-I,h t t p : / / c henna i . u s consu l a t e . gov /visas.html.

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 15 P\phcn 2012

January 2012

44 | ASk AmericA





Csa-bn¬ hnemkw


kwÿm-\m-¥c

X¿°-ßƒ?ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ t]mse-bp≈

Fs¥-¶nepw kwÿm-\m-¥c (C‚¿tÃ‰v) X¿°-ßƒ bp.-F-kn-ep-t≠m.CØcw ]iv\-ßƒ Xo¿∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v bp.-F-kn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ kwhn-[m\w F¥m-Wv.

amXyp tPm¨, CSp°n

kwÿm\m¥-c-]-c-amtbm ( C‚¿tÃ‰v) AXn¿Øn-Iƒ°-∏p-d-ap-≈tXm(C‚¿ sSdn-‰-dn) Bb X¿°-ßƒ°vbpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS ]g-°-ap-≠v. B`y-¥c Iem]_m[y-X-Iƒ (kn-hn¬ hm¿ sU _v‰vkv), sh≈-Øn-\m-bp≈ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ, AXn¿Øn X¿°ßƒ XpS-ßn-b- hyXykvX hnj-b-ßƒ CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. t]mc-Sn-°p∂ tÃ‰p-Itfm]tZißtfm XΩn¬ tIµ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ D≠m-°p∂ Icm¿ BWv CØcw ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ G‰hpw ]gbam¿§ ßfn-sem-∂v. B¿ń-°nƒkvHm^v tIm¨s^-U-td-js‚ B¿ń-°nƒ Bdn¬ Icm¿ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒhy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam tÃ‰p-Iƒ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv tIm¨K-kns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsShy‡-amb Dt±-i-e-£y-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-SpØnbpw, FX Ime-tØ-bvs°∂vhy‡-am-°nbpw ]c-kv]cw Icm-dntemkJy-Øntem G¿s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

B¿ń-°nƒkv Hm v tIm¨s -U-td-j\v ]I-cw-h∂ bp.-F-kv. `c-W-L-S\ kwÿm-\m-¥c (C‚¿tÃ‰v)X¿°-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ Npa-XecmPysØ ]c-tam-∂X \oXn-]o-T-ambbpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv kp]ow tImS-Xnbv°v ssIam-dp∂p. tÃ‰p-I-fpsSAh-Im-i-ßƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v bp.-F-kv. Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v tÃ‰v Kh¨sa‚ vkv sh_vssk‰v Zb-hmbnkµ¿in-°p-I,www.csg.org.

C‚¿s\‰v kzmX¥yw

?C‚¿s\‰v kzmX¥yw \nb-¥n-°m-\p≈ C¥ym Kh¨sa‚ns‚ kao-]-Ime \o°-sØ-∏‰nbp≈ bp.-F-kv. A`n-]mbw F¥m-Wv.

tim`\m B¿. thWpsIm√w

C‚¿s\‰v kzmX¥yw kw_-‘n-®p≈ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkns‚ \ne-]mSv hy‡-am-Wv. Hm¨sse≥ tem

IØv Xpd-∂p-]-d-bm\pw Iq´m-bvabv°pw Bibßƒ ]¶p-h-bv°p-hm-\p-ap≈ kzmX¥yw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\vcmPym-¥c kaq-l-tØmSv skI-´dnIvfn‚¨ Blzm\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Bi-b-ßƒ°pw I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒ°pw]c-kv]cw Iqń-bn-W-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pwkmº-ØnI hf¿®-bv°p-ap≈ km[y-X-I-fpsS thZn-bmbp≈ C‚¿s\-‰ns‚hmKvZm-\sØ kwc-£n-°p-I-bmWvCu Ah-Im-i-ß-fn-eqsS UnPn‰¬Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \Ωƒ sN øp∂-Xv.

ap…nw hnZym-e-b-ßƒ?Ata-cn-°-bnse ap…oßsf kw_-‘n®v Ign™ e°w Ata-cn-

°-tbmSp tNmZn°mw ]w‡n-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠-t√m. ]t£, Ahn-SsØap…o-ß-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-∏‰n H∂pw ]cm-a¿in®pI≠n-√. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ap…oßƒ°v kz¥w hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\ßƒ \S-Øm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-t≠m. ap…ow hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v C…m-anI]T\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn bp.-F-kn¬ aZ-k-Iƒ ]h¿Øn°p-∂p-t≠m.

_n.-Aw-PZv, Imk¿tImSv

kz¥w hnZym -ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ \S-Øm≥ F√maX hn`m-K-ßƒ°pw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ A\p-aXn D≠v. bp.-F-kv. `c-W-L-S-\-bn-eq-sSbpw ]n∂oSv Imem-Im-e-ß-fm-bp≈ kp]ow tImSXnDØ-c-hp-I-fneq-sSbpw ÿm]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-XmWv CuAh-Im-iw. F∂n-cp-∂m-epw,s]mXp ^≠v e`n-°p∂hb-√, kzImcy kvIqfp-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw Ch. hmjn-MvS¨ Un.-kn., UntSm-bn-‰v, sU ≥h¿ XpSßn ap…nwkap-Zmb ]mXn-\n[yw i‡-am-bp≈ ]tZißfn¬ C…m-anIv ÃUokpwAd-_nIv emwtKzPpw Iƒ®dpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ C…m-anIv kzImcy kvIqfp-I-fp-≠v. Ata-cn-°≥ apJy-[mcm ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn-ep≈ hnj-b-ßfpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Ah¿ kvIqfn\p ]pd-Øp≈ ]h¿ Ø\-ßfpw Ivf_p-Ifpwkvt]m¿Svkpw km[m-c-W-bmbn hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p.

hyh-ÿm-]nX ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w A[n-I-ambn kvIqƒ kab-Øn\p tijtam BgvNm-h-km-\tam hnZym-cvYn-Iƒ°v C…mw ]Tn-°m≥Ign-bp∂ A\p-_‘ kvIqfp-Ifpw (k-]vfn-sa-‚¬ kvIqƒkv) Nne \K-c-ß-fn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠v.

Dd® P\m-[n-]Xy ]mc-º-cyhpwkzX¥y PqUo-jy-dnbpw kzX-¥hpwIcp-Øp-‰-Xp-amb aoUn-bbpw Ne-\m-fl-I -amb knhn¬ kaq -lhpwC‚¿s\‰v kwkv°m-chpap≈ P\m-[n-]-Xy-k-aq-l-amWv C¥y. kzX¥-ambBi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn\pw Iq´m-bvabv°pw HØp-tNcen\pap≈ Ah-Im-isØ _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xpƒs∏sS Cuaqey-ßƒ Rßfpw ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p.

.

15 P\phcn 2012. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

January 2012

ASk AmericA | 45

1. Who runs elections in U.S.? Do you have an election commissions in national and state level, like in India?

K.G. Ramachandran, Thrissur

This is a perfectly-timed ques-tion as the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election is fast approaching! The United States has a federal system, with elected officials at the nation-al, state and local levels. Elections are regulated by both federal and state laws. At the federal level, the United States Constitution defines how federal elections are held, for both the President and members of Congress. Over time, Amendments to the Constitution have further defined election rules as well as expanded the rights of voters.

In addition to the U.S. Consti-tution, each of the 50 states has laws that address the eligibility of voters and details how state and local elections should be run. Each state also has a chief elections of-ficer or a larger elections office that is responsible for enforcing and administering election-related laws. Though differences exist from state to state, election offi-cials across the nation do much of the same work. They host semi-nars and trainings, provide ballot certification and primary election funding and advise on legal inter-pretations of elections laws. They also provide assistance to the gen-eral public on voter registration.

The Federal Elections Com-mission (FEC) is an independent regulatory agency that oversees the system of election financing. Its duties are to disclose campaign finance information, enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contri-butions and to oversee the public funding of Presidential elections. For more information about elec-tions and voting, please visit: http://www.usa.gov/Citizen/Top-ics/Voting/Learn.shtml.

2. Transparency and the right to know are the basic principles of democracy. Also, America them-selves claims to be the oldest de-mocracy in the world. But, when a visa is rejected you don’t even tell us on what ground you took that decision. Is it an affront to demo-cratic values?

Geetha AravindKoyilandy

The United States is commit-ted to facilitating legitimate travel. In India, the U.S. processes more than 600,000 non-immigrant visas each year, and 97% of visa appli-cations are processed by the next business day. If an applicant is re-fused a visa, they receive a letter explaining the reason for the refus-al. Among the factors consular of-ficers consider are the applicant's ties to his home country; financial means to pay for a round-trip to the United States without seeking unauthorized employment in the United States; and if the purpose of travel is appropriate for the visa class under which the applicant has applied. Students must prove they are credible students; that they plan to return to their home country; and have the resources to pay for their studies.

For more information about vi-sas, please visit: http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/visas.html.

3. Whether U.S. has any interstate problems like Mullaperiyar? What is the mechanism existing in U.S. to settle such issues?

Mathew John, Idukki

Inter-state or inter-territory dis-putes have existed in the United States for hundreds of years, and have included a range of is-sues, such as Civil War debts, water rights, and boundaries. One of the oldest ways to resolve these types of conflicts has been through a “compact” between the warring states or territories that was overseen by a central author-ity. The process of compacts was formalized in Article VI of the Ar-ticles of Confederation: “No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the United States in congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue.”

The Articles of Confederation were replaced by the U.S. Constitu-tion, which grants the rights to the United States Supreme Court, the country’s highest court, to settle inter-state disputes. For more infor-mation on states’ rights, please visit the U.S. Council of State Govern-ments at www.csg.org.

January 2012

46 | ASk AmericA

4. Last issue of Ask America had the question and answer on life of Muslims in America. But nothing was seen on the educational as-pects of Muslims there. We would like to know, whether Muslims are allowed to run their own academic institutions in America. Whether Madrasas are also functioning in U.S. to provide Islamic education for Muslim students?

B.AmjadKasargod

The United States allows all re-ligious groups to run their own ac-ademic institutions, as established by the U.S. Constitution and sub-sequent Supreme Court rulings. However, these institutions must be private schools as opposed to state or nationally funded.

There are some Islamic private schools in areas with large Muslim communities such as Washington DC, Detroit, and Denver, teaching Islamic Studies, Arabic language and culture. They also teach main-stream American academic subjects and usually offer afterschool activi-ties, clubs, and sports. Some other cities have supplemental schools in which students study Islam in ad-dition to regular schooling, either afterschool or on weekends.

5. What is your opinion on the re-cent move by government of India to restrict internet freedom?

Sobhana R. VenuKollam

The United States’ stance on internet freedom is clear. Secre-

tary Clinton has called on the global community to protect the freedoms of expression, association, and assembly in the online world. By protecting these rights in the digital era, we preserve the promise and the possibility of the internet as a platform for ideas, innovation, con-nection, and economic growth.

India is a democracy with strong democratic traditions, an indepen-dent judiciary, open and robust me-dia, and a vibrant civil society and internet culture. We share the same values, including respect for the freedoms of expression, association and assembly.

January 2012

ASk AmericA | 47




GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-Ød ASn-Ød ASn-Ød ASn-Ød ASn-Ød

Ata-cn-°≥ GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚ASn-Ød F¥mWv? kmwkvIm-cn-Itam, Ncn-X-]-c-tam, aX-]-c-tam,kmº-Øn-Itam?

kPn ]n.\mb¿,

tIm´-bw.

apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-´p-≈-sX√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-XmWv Ata-cn-°≥ GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚ hnIm-cw. hn`n-∂-ß-fmbkmwkvIm-cn-I˛ Ncn-X- -a-X- -km-º-ØnI ]›m-Ø-e-ßsf ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂, qcn-`m-Khpw IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cp-tS-Xmb Hcp cmPy-amWv bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv. _nójv `c-W-Øn¬\n∂v HutZym-Kn-I-amb kzmX¥yw Dd-∏n-°p-∂p, 1776 Pqsse \men\v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ kzmX- ¥y - ] -Jym -] -\w(Declaration of independence) "Poh\pwkzmX-¥y-Øn\pw D√m-k-Øn-\p-ap≈Ah-Imiw F√m-a-\p-jy¿°p-ap-s≠∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p.'

1787 ¬ \ne-hn¬h∂ bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkv `c-W-L-S-\ -cm-Py-Øns‚\nb-a-ßƒ°v ASn-Ø-d-]m-Ip-Ibpw,F√m ]uc-∑m¿°pw ka-Xzhpw A`n-]m-b-kzm-X-¥yhpw aX hnizm-k-Øn-\p≈ AhIm-ihpw Dd-∏m-°m≥ ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. c-W-L-S-\-bpsSH∂mw t`Z-KXn ]d-bp-∂p. "aXwÿm]n -°p -∂-Xnt\m AXn -\p≈kzbw \n¿Æ-b-m-hIm-isØ XS-bp-∂-tXm, A`n-]m-b˛ ]X kzmX-¥ysØl\n-°p-∂tXm, kam-[m-\-]-c-ambnkwL-Sn-°m\pw ]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\vk¿°m-cns\ kao-]n-°m-\p-ap≈ P\-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-isØ XS-bp-∂tXmBb Hcp \nb-ahpw tIm¨Kkv

\n¿Ωn-°-cp-Xv.'

Cdm≥ FÆCdm≥ FÆCdm≥ FÆCdm≥ FÆCdm≥ FÆD]-tcm[wD]-tcm[wD]-tcm[wD]-tcm[wD]-tcm[w

Cdm-\n¬\n∂v C¥y FÆ hmßp-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc bp.-F-kv -k-Ω¿±w sNep-Øp-∂Xv F¥n-\mWv?

cmPp sXt°-°-c,

]me-°m-Sv.

BWh\n¿hym-]\ DS-º-Sn-tbm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ ewLn-°p∂ GXm\pwBWh ]cn -]m -Sn -Iƒ F¶nepw Cdm≥ XpS-cp-∂-Xmbn2011 \hw-_-dn¬ cmPym¥cBW-thm¿÷ GP≥kn

(international Atomic energy Agency)Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. tZiob ]Xn-tcm[A[n-Imc \nb-a-Øns‚ (nationalDefence Authorization Act-nDAA) Cdm≥D]-tcm-[-hy-h-ÿ-I-fpsS ]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ kw_-‘n®v C¥y Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fp-ambn RßƒKpW-I-c-amb N¿®-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂p≠v.BWh Bbp[w Cdm≥ ssIh-cn-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-I-sb∂ s]mXp-e-£y-Øn¬ Rß-fpsS F∂p-ap≈ hne-s∏´ ]¶m-fn-bmWv C¥y.

Cdm-\n¬\n-∂p≈ IqUv Hmbn¬Cd-°p-aXn Hcp cmPyw Imcy-ambnshń-°p-d-®n-´p-≈-Xmbn ]kn-U‚n\v

t_m≤y-s∏-´m¬ B cmPy-Øp≈ HcphntZ-i--Imcy ÿm]-\-Øn-\p-taepwF≥.-Un.-F.F (nDAA) ]Im-c-ap≈_m¶nwKv D]-tcm[w D≠m-hn-s√∂v]pXnb \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWw hyhÿsNøp-∂p. Cdms‚ IqUv Hmbn¬hmßp-∂Xv Imcy-ambn Ipd-bv°m≥i‡-amb ]tNm-Z-\-amWv CXv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. sk≥S¬ _m¶v Hm^v Cdm-\p-am-bp≈ F√m CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw Ign-h-Xpw-thKw ac-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Cdm-\n¬\n∂v IqUv Hmbn¬ hmßp-∂Xvshń-°p-d-bv°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂p-≈XmWv Cu \nb-a-]-Im-c-ap≈ D]-tcm[-km-≤yX Hgn-hm-°m≥ Rß-fpsS cmPym-¥c ]¶m-fn-Iƒ°p-ap-∂n-ep≈ \√ hgn.

C¥y≥ _m¶nwKvC¥y≥ _m¶nwKvC¥y≥ _m¶nwKvC¥y≥ _m¶nwKvC¥y≥ _m¶nwKvkwhn-[m\wkwhn-[m\wkwhn-[m\wkwhn-[m\wkwhn-[m\w

C¥y-bpsS tZi-km¬IrX _m¶nwKv kwhn-[m\w Hcp hnP-b-ambnBtKmf kmº-ØnI ]Xn-k-‘n-bp-tS-Xmb Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ata-cn° ImWp-∂pt≠m?

A\n-b≥ amXyp,

tZiob skI-´-dn,

tÃ‰v _m¶v Hm^v Smh≥Iq¿Fwtπm-bnkv bqWn-b≥.

C¥y≥ kºZvhyh-ÿ-bpsS Icp

30 tIc-f-i_vZw . 19 s^_p-hcn 2012

February 2012

48 | ASk AmericA

Øpw kar-≤nbpw Ata-cn-°≥ kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bpsS hf¿®bv°pw im¥hpwkpÿn-c-hp-amb Gjy≥ s]k^n°vtaJ-ebv°v Xmßmbpw klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p≈ temI-km-º-ØnI ]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬\n-∂p≈ C¥y-bpsS AXn-th-K-ap≈ Ic-I-b-d¬ Bim-h-l-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bm-Wv. hym]m-c-Øn\pw \nt£-]-Øn-\p-ap≈ hne-°p-Iƒ Ab-bp-∂Xv A\p-kyq-X-h-f¿®bv°pw kar-≤n-°p-ap≈ Dd® hgn-bm-sW∂v temI-Ønse G‰hpw hepXpw Xpd-∂-Xp-amb kº-ZvL-S\ F∂\ne-bn¬ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv hniz-kn-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ hntZi \nt£-]hpw hn]Wn ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Hcp-°n-s°m-≠p≈ C¥ym k¿°m-cns‚B`y-¥c ]cn-jvI-cW ]cn-]m-Sn-IƒXpS-cp-∂-Xn\v t]m’m-l-\hpw \¬Ip-∂p. Cu ]cn-jvI-cW ]InbC¥ybv°pw temI-Øn\pw KpW-I-c-am-Wv.

hnkm- okpwhnkm- okpwhnkm- okpwhnkm- okpwhnkm- okpwIme-ssZ¿LyhpwIme-ssZ¿LyhpwIme-ssZ¿LyhpwIme-ssZ¿LyhpwIme-ssZ¿Lyhpwbp.-F-kv hnk-bv°p≈ At]

£m ôkv temIw apgp-h\pw Htc\nc-°mtWm? AtXm Hmtcm cmPy-Øn\pw ]tXyI ôkv LS-\-bpt≠m?

sPbv\n DΩ≥,

tIm´bw

ASn-ÿm\ hnkm ôkv temIwapgp-h\pw H∂m-Wv. hnkm hn[n-\ym-b-ßƒ°v ]n∂n-ep≈ \nb-a-ßfpwtemIw apgp-h\pw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.hnkm-ôkv kw_-‘n-®p≈ hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v Zb-hmbn Rß-fpsS sh_vssk‰v kµ¿in-°p-I, http://travel.state.gov.

ôkv H∂p-X-s∂-sb-¶nepw hnk-I-fpsS Ime-ssZ¿Lyw Hmtcm cmPyØpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°pw. CXp ]e-L-S-I-ß-sfbpw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. C¥y-bn¬ bp.-F-kv \¬Ip∂ hnk-bn-te-sdbpw ]e-X-hWbmXbv°v D]-bp-‡-am-Ip∂ 10 h¿jSqdn-Ãv˛ _nkn-\ v(multiple entry tour-ist and business visas) hnk-I-fm-Wv.thsdmcp cmPy-Øn-\p-ap≈ hnkbv°vCX-tbsd Ime-ssZ¿Ly-an-√. ]kn-U‚ v H_ma hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse;"21-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ `mK-t[-b-Xz-k-l-I-c-W-ß-fn-sem-∂mb bp.-F-kv˛ C¥ym-]-¶m-fnØw' i‡-am-°p∂ hgn-I-fn-sem-∂mbpw CXp-\n¬°p-∂p. .

ImImImImIm bn-I-\-b-X¥wbn-I-\-b-X¥wbn-I-\-b-X¥wbn-I-\-b-X¥wbn-I-\-b-X¥wthmfn-t_mfpw _mkvI‰v

t_mfpw ^pSvt_mfpw tIc-f-Øn s‚ P\-Iob Ifn-Ifm-Wv. PnΩn-tPm¿Pv, KoXpA∂m tPmkv, sF.-Fw.hnP-b≥ XpS-ßnb C ¥y-bnse anI® Xmc-ßsf CuIfn-I-fn¬ tIcfw krjvSn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw XΩn¬Soap -I-fp -sSbpwXmc-ß-fp-sSbpwhn\n -a -b-Øn\vF s¥-¶nepwkm[y-X-bpt≠m?

]n.-sI. sNdn-bm≥,

IÆq¿

bp.-F-kv hntZ-i-\-b-Ønse \n¿Æm-bI LS-I-amWv ImbnI \b-X¥w(Sports diplomacy).kmwkvIm-cnI th¿Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ adn-I-S∂v P\-ßsf H∂n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kvt]m¿Svkv klm-bn-°p-∂p. bp.-F-kv. tÃ‰v Un∏m¿´p-sa‚ns‚ _yqtdm Hm^vFPypt°-j-W¬ B≥Uv Iƒ®-d¬ A^-tb-g vkns‚(ecA)ImbnI \b-X¥ kwcw-`-ß-fn-eqsS ]e anI® Ata-cn-°≥ Imbn-I-Xm-c-ßƒC¥y kµ¿in-°p-I-bpw, C¥y≥ImbnI Xmc-ßƒ bp.-F-kn¬ FØp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, C.-kn.-F-bpsS kvt]m¿Svkv C\o-tjy-‰ohv Km‚ v t]mKm-an-eqsS 2010 G]n-en¬ C¥y kµ¿in® _mkvI-‰vt_mƒ tIm®vsP.-Un. hm¬jv sNss∂-bnepw _mw•q-cnepw ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AtX-t]m-se, CknF ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-eqsS ]eZ£n-tW-¥y≥ Xmc-ßfpw bp.-F-kn-te°p t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.Xan-gv\m-ń¬\n∂v aq∂pw, tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂v H∂pw Dƒs∏sS C¥y-bn¬\n∂p≈ 14 _mkvI-‰vt_mƒ ]cn-io-e-I¿ Ckn-F-bpsSkvt]m¿Svkv bpssW-‰Uv t]mKm-an¬ 2012 s^_p-hcn 17 apX¬ 27hsc-bm-bn bp.-Fkv kµ¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Øns‚ kº-∂-ambImbnI ]mc-º-cy-sØ-∏‰n bp.-F-kv. tIm¨kp-te-‰n\v t_m[y-ap-≠v.tIc-f-Øns‚ D÷ze ImbnI ]Xn-`-Isf BZ-c-thm-sS-bpamWvImWp-∂-Xv. bp.-F-kv.h\n-Xm-tZ-iob _mkvI‰vt_mƒ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚(WnBA) tbmKy-Xm-a-’-c-Øn\p £Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ BZy C¥y≥Xmc-sa∂ _lp-a-Xn-tbmsS KoXp A∂m tPmkv Ign-™-h¿jwNcnXw krjvSn-®n-cp-∂p. sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-ń-s√-¶nepw \√ aXn∏vKoXp D≠m-°n. `mhn-bn¬ KoXp sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-t´-°p-sa∂v bp.-Fkv ]cn-io-e-I¿ kqN\ \¬In-bn-´p-ap-≠v. Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v t]mIpw-apºv sNss∂ bp.-F-kv. tIm¨kp-te‰v KoXp-hn\v ]tXyI bmX-b-b∏v \¬In-bn-cp-∂p, http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/geethujose_apr2011.html.

KoXp A∂m-tPmkv

.19 s^_p-hcn 2012. tIc-f-i_vZw 31

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ASk AmericA | 49

1. What is the root/spirit of Ameri-can unification? Is it cultural, his-torical, religious or economical?

Saji P. Nair, KottayamThe spirit of American unifica-

tion is all of the above. The United States is a country largely of im-migrants, who represent a variety of cultural, historical, religious and economic backgrounds. The Dec-laration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, was the coun-try's official assertion of freedom from British rule, and deemed that all people have the right to "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happi-ness."

The United States Constitu-tion, adopted in 1787, lays out the country's laws and seeks to ensure equal treatment and free-dom of speech and religion for all citizens. The First Amendment to the Constitution reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an es-tablishment of religion, or prohibit-ing the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for re-dress of grievances.”

2. Why U.S. pressurizing India against buying oil from Iran?

Raju Thekkekkara, PalakkadIn November 2011, the Inter-

national Atomic Energy Agency found that Iran continues at least some of its nuclear weapons pro-grams in violation of its commit-ment to the Non-Proliferation Trea-ty. We continue to have a good dialogue with many countries, in-cluding India, on the implications of the Iran sanctions provisions in the National Defense Authoriza-tion Act (NDAA). India continues to be a valued partner in our com-mon objective of preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weap-on. Under the new legislation, if the President determines that a country has significantly reduced its volume of crude oil purchases from Iran, no foreign financial insti-tution based in that country will be subject to the banking sanctions

under the NDAA. This provides a powerful incentive for countries to significantly reduce crude oil pur-chases from Iran. The best way for our international partners to avoid potential sanctions under this law is to wind down all busi-ness with the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) as quickly as possible and to significantly reduce their volumes of crude oil purchases from Iran.

3. Whether America views the na-tionalized Indian banking system as a success in the period of global financial crisis?

Aniyan Mathew, National Secretary,

State Bank of Travancore Employees Union

India’s economic health and prosperity contribute to the growth of the American economy and support a peaceful and stable Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, India’s rapid recovery from the global financial crisis was a posi-tive development. As the world’s largest and most open economy, the United States believes that reducing barriers to trade and in-vestment is the surest path to continued growth and prosperity, and encourages the Indian gov-ernment to continue its domestic reform agenda to facilitate greater foreign investment and market ac-cess. This reform process is good for India and the world.

4. Volleyball, Basketball and Foot-ball are popular games in Kerala. Kerala has also produced some of the finest stars of India, like Jim-my George, Geethu Anna Jose, I.M. Vijayan etc., in these games. Is there any scope for exchange of teams or players?

P.K. Cherian, Kannur

Sports diplomacy is a key component of U.S. foreign policy. Sports help transcend cultural dif-ferences to bring people together. Many leading American sports professionals have visited India and many from India have visited the U.S. through the Sports Diplo-

macy initiatives of the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Educa-tional and Cultural Affairs (ECA). For example, Basketball coach JD Walsh, who visited India on ECA’s Sports Initiative Grant Program, conducted clinics in Chennai and Bangalore in April 2010. Similarly, many sports professionals from South India have visited the U.S, on ECA’s programs. Fourteen bas-ketball coaches from India, includ-ing three from Tamil Nadu and one from Kerala, will visit the U.S. on ECA’s Sports United program from February 17 to 27, 2012.

The U.S. Consulate is mindful of Kerala’s vibrant athletic tradi-tion and has high regards for its eminent sports persons. Last year, Geethu Anna Jose made history, becoming the first Indian invited to compete for a position in the U.S. Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Though not selected, Geethu made a strong impression, and the U.S. coaches indicated she may be selected in the future. The U.S. Consulate Chennai held a special sendoff for Geethu before she made that trip: http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/geethujose_apr2011.html.

5. Whether U.S. visa application fees are uniform all around the world or do you have separate fee structure for each countries?

Jaini Oommen, Kottayam

The basic visa fee is uniform across the world, and the laws behind visa adjudications are the same across the world. Please visit our website, http://travel.state.gov, for a list of visa fees.

Unlike fees, the length of avail-able visas differs by country de-pending on a number of factors. For India, the U.S. routinely issues 10-year, multiple entry tourist and business visas—no other country’s visa has a longer validity. This is one of the ways in which the U.S.-India partnership is strong-- as President Obama described it, “one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century”.

February 2012

50 | ASk AmericA




BW-h-I-cm-dns‚BW-h-I-cm-dns‚BW-h-I-cm-dns‚BW-h-I-cm-dns‚BW-h-I-cm-dns‚

\ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn\ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn\ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn\ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn\ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXnbp.-F-kv˛ C¥y BW-h-I-cm-

dns‚ \ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn F¥mWv;bp.-F-kv C¥y _‘-Øn¬ Im¿ta-L-ßƒ Dcp-≠p-Iq-Sp-∂-Xmbn am[y-a-dn-t∏m¿´p-Iƒ ]d-bp∂p?

]`m-I-c≥ Ip∂-Øv,

sjm¿Æq¿

2005-˛¬ [mc-W-bn-se-Ønb bp.-F-kv C¥y BW-h-I-cm¿ k¶o¿ÆhpwZo¿L-hp-am-bn-´p≈ DS-º-Sn-bm-bn-´mWvFt∏mgpw hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv.imkvXw, _nkn-\-kv, hnZym-`ym-kw,]cn-ÿnXn XpSßn hn`n-∂-ß-fmbhnj-b-ß-fn¬ c≠p cmPy-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ Inbm-flI kl-I-c-W-Øns‚(strategic partnership) Db¿®-bn-te-°p≈ cmk-Xz-c-I-hp-amWv CXv. C¥y-bpsS hf¿®-bv°v kpc-£n-Xhpw]tbm-K-£-ahpw Bi-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amb BW-thm¿÷-Øns‚ hmWn-Py-

hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°p≈ N´-°qSv Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\v Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

"KpP-dm-Ønse Hcp kvIqfnseIw]yq-´-dn¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX dnbm-IvS¿ Du¿÷wFØn-°p∂ Znh-k-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈skI-´dn lnecn ¢n‚s‚ Z¿i\wBWh kl-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ \ΩpsSia-ßsf hnP-b-I-c-amb kam-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-°p-sa∂v amX-a-√, Ccp-cm-Pyßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Ønse]pXn-bXpw ]Xo-£m-\n¿`chpambA[ym-b-Øns‚ BZy t]Pv Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p∂p'F∂mWv apw_bvbn¬ Ct¥m˛ bp.-Fkv BWh kpc£m D∂-X-XektΩ-f-\-Øn-\nsS(Indo-U.S. NuclearSafety Summit)BW-h-I-cm¿ kw_-‘n®v ]tXy-I-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ _yqtdm Hm^v kuØv B≥Uv sk≥S¬ Fjy≥ A^-tb-gvknse ]n≥kn-∏¬ sU]yqń Akn-Ã‚ vskI-´dn sP^vdn ]bm´v Nq≠n-°m-ń-b-Xv.

BWh Icm¿ Dƒs∏sS \nc-h[nhnj-b-ßsf bp.-Fkv skI- dn Hm vtÃ‰v lnecn ¢n‚-\pw, C¥y-bpsS]pXnb Ata-cn-°≥ Aw_m-kn-U¿\ncp-]-am-dm-hphpw XΩn¬ 2012 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ hmjn-MvS-Wn¬ \S∂ IqSn-°m-gvN-bn¬ N¿® sNbvXn-cp-∂p. BWh-cw-KØv C¥y-bn-ep≈ \nb-a-]-chpw \nb-¥-W-]-chpamb Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mgpw Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw ia-ßƒ XpS-cp-I-bm-sW∂v tÃ‰v Un∏m¿´p-sa‚ v h‡mhv hnIvtSm-dnbm\yqem≥Uv hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

Im¿jn-I-cw-KsØIm¿jn-I-cw-KsØIm¿jn-I-cw-KsØIm¿jn-I-cw-KsØIm¿jn-I-cw-KsØ

kl-I-cWwkl-I-cWwkl-I-cWwkl-I-cWwkl-I-cWwtIc-f-Øn¬ [mcmfw `qan, ]

tXy-In®pw s\¬∏m-S-ßƒ Xcn-imbnInS-°p-I-bm-Wv. hnZ-Kv≤-cmb I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS £ma-amWvCXn\p ][m\ Imc-Ww. bp.-F-knse Im¿jn-I-co-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bm\pw ]I¿Øm\pw Rßƒ°v Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≠v. bp.-F-kn-sebpw tIc-f-Øn-sebpw Im¿jnI taJ-e-IƒXΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ CS-]-g-Ip-∂-Xn\vFs¥-¶nepw km[y-X-I-fpt≠m?

sI.-Fw. ^nen-t∏m-kv,

Imhmew

Im¿jn-I-cw-KsØ kaqe ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-t‚-Xmb Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-eqsS Irjn hnI-k-\-Øn¬ Adp-]Xp h¿j-tØm-f-ap≈ ASpØ ]¶m-fn -I-fmWv C¥ybpw bpssW-‰UvtÃ‰vkpw. 2010 sk]v‰w-_-dn¬ XpS-°-an´ bp.-F-kv˛ C¥ym Im¿jnI N¿®-I-fn-eqsS(agriculture dialogue) \ΩpsSc≠v tZiob k¿°m-cp-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu kl-I-cWw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkvGP≥kn t^m¿ C‚¿\m-j-W¬sUh-e-]vsa‚ns‚(USAID)ta¬t\m-´-

C¥y-bpsS ]pXnb Ata-cn-°≥ Aw_m-kn-U¿ \ncp-]-am-dm-hphpw, bp.-Fkv skI-´dn Hm^v tÃ‰v lnecn ¢n‚-\pw

18 am¿®v 2012. tIc-f-i_vZw 27

March 2012

ASk AmericA | 51

Øn-ep≈ AKn-Iƒ®-d¬ FPyp-t°-j≥ B‚ v Ct∂m-th-j≥ knÃwkvt]mPIvSv C¥y≥ hnZym- ymk ÿm]-\-ßsf bp.-F-kv. em≥Uv Km‚ vbqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fp-ambn(land granduniversities) _‘-s∏-Sp-∂p. apJy-hn-f-I-fpsS D¬∏m-Z-\-£-aX Iq´p-I, ]Ir-Xn-hn- h hn\n-tbmK coXn-Iƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]cn-ÿnXn hyXn-bm-\-ß-fpsS sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I, hmeyq sNbn-\p-I-fn-te-°p≈(D¬∏m-Z-I-tcbpw D]-t`m-‡m-°-sfbpw Iqń-bn-W-°p∂ kwhn-[m-\w) I¿j-I-cpsS _‘-ßƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I, Im¿jnI IpSpw-_-X-e-ß-fn¬ t]mj-Im-lm-c-tXmXv Db¿Øp-I XpS-ßn-b-h-bnepw bp.-FkvFbvUv ]≤-Xn-Iƒ i≤n-°p-∂p-≠v.

IqSmsX, s]mXp˛ kzImcy taJ-e-I-fn¬\n-∂p≈ Irjn hnZ-Kv≤¿°pw`c-W-X-e-Øn-ep-≈-h¿°p-ambn Ata-cn -°≥ Irjn -h -Ip∏v sIm°vd≥s^tem-jn∏v ]cn-]mSn (Cochran Fel-lowship Program)]cn-io-e\ kuIcywHcp-°p-∂p. bp.-F-kn¬ e`n® ]cn-io-e\w C¥y-bnse _nkn-\kv sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ D]-tbm-Kn® Hcp C¥y≥£oc-I¿j-Is‚ A\p-`-hhpw AKn-Iƒ®-d¬ Un∏m¿´p-sa‚ns‚ tªmKn¬ hni-Z -am -°p -∂p -≠v , http://blogs.usda.gov/2011/03/01/indian-dairy-

farmer-uses-u-s-genetics-training-to-im-prove-his-business/. sIm°vd≥ s^tem-jn∏v kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v, http: www.fas.usda.gov/icd/cochran/cochran.asp.

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ C¥y-G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ C¥y-G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ C¥y-G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ C¥y-G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ C¥y-°m-cp≈ kwÿm\w°m-cp≈ kwÿm\w°m-cp≈ kwÿm\w°m-cp≈ kwÿm\w°m-cp≈ kwÿm\wC¥ym -°m -cpsS P\-kwJy

G‰hpw IqSp-X-ep≈ bp.-F-kv. tÃ‰vGXmWv?

Atim-Iv `mkvI-c≥,

Iev∏-‰.

2010 se bp.-F-kv. sk≥kkv A\p-k-cn®v Imen-t^m¿Wn-b-bn-emWv

hwiob hn`m-K-ß-fn-sem-∂mbn Gjy≥ C¥ym-°m¿ amdn-°-gn-™p. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v ImWp-I.

http:www.USA Today.com/news/na-tion/census/2011-05-12-asian-indian-population-Census. n.htm.

amen-amen-amen-amen-amen-]iv\w]iv\w]iv\w]iv\w]iv\wamen-Zzo-]nse bp.-F-kv. \njvIn-

bXzw bp.-F-kns‚ BtKm-f-ta-[m-hnXzw Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-bmtWm?

B¿.-F-kv. Nµ≥,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.

C¥ybpw a‰p ]¶m-fn-I-fp-ambn tN¿∂p-sIm≠p amen-Zzo]v kml-N-cy-ß-

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Gjy≥ C¥y≥kvD≈-Xv. A©p-e-£-Øn-tesd Gjy≥C¥ym-°m¿ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. GI-tZiw313,000 Gjy≥ C¥ym-°m-cp≈ \yqtbm¿°v c≠mw ÿm\-Øpw, \yqtPgvkn (292,000) aq∂mw ÿm\-Øpw,sSIvkkv (245,000) \memw ÿm\-Øpw, C√n-t\m-bn-kv(190,000) A©mwÿm\Øpw \n¬°p-∂p. htbm-an-ßn-emWv(Wyoming) G‰hpw Ipd-hv, 589t]cv amXw.

bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vknse Gjy≥C¥y≥ P\-kwJy 2000 ¬ 17 e£-am-bn-cp-∂Xv 2010 Bb-t∏mƒ Cc-ń-tbm-fw(28 e£w) Bbn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.bp.-F-knse AXn-thKw hf-cp∂

fn¬ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkv th≠ coXn-bn¬ CS-s]-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.F√m hi-Øp-≈-h¿°pw ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv tIƒ°p-∂-Xn-\pw, ]iv\-Øn¬kPo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sp∂ C¥y-bp-sSbpw a‰p cmPy-ß-fp-sSbpw \b-X-¥-⁄-cp-ambn IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Z£nW a[y Gjy≥ cmPy-Im-cy-ßƒ°m-bp≈ Akn-Ã‚ v skI-´dn tdm_¿´v _vtf°v ap≥ amen]kn-U‚ v \joZv cmPn-sh-®v, ]kn-U‚ v hloZv Npa-Xe Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xn-\pw-tijw Znh-k-ßƒ°Iw amen-bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw am[y-a-ßƒ°v \¬Inb ]kvXm-h\ ImWp-∂-Xn\v kµ¿in-°p-I, http:// srilan

28 tIc-f-i_vZw . 18 am¿®v 2012

March 2012

52 | ASk AmericA

ka.usembassy.gov/tr-12 feb 12. html.

ioe-¶bv°pw amen-Zzo-]n-\p-ap≈bp.-F-kv. Aw_m-kn-U¿ ]Sojym_p‰-\nkv (Patricia Butenis) Ct∏mƒamen-bnse HutZym-KnI tIµ-ß-fp-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. apt∂m- p≈ kam-[m-\-]-c-amb hgn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\vF√m hn`m-K-ßfpw \S-Øp∂ ia-ßƒ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn\v ]tNm-Z-\-I-c-am-Wv. t\csØ D≠m-tb-°m-hp∂ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈ am\ZWvUßƒ tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Dƒs∏sSs]mXp-Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ hnj-b-ßƒGs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ sFIy-k¿°m-cns‚ Npa-Xe kw_-‘n®v amen-Zzo-]p-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ \S-°p∂ N¿®-IsfRßƒ kzmKXw sNøp-∂p-ap-≠v. Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ°mbn Hcp-an®v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m-cm-jvSob I£n-I-tfmSpw Rßƒ XpS¿∂pw A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. cmPy-Øns‚DØ-a-Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\pw amen-Zzo]v P\-X-bpsS kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ]iv\w ho≠pwk¶o¿Æ-am-°p∂ AI-a-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn -°m-Xn -cn -°p -∂-Xn\pw HmtcmcpØ¿°p-ap≈ ka-b-amWv CXv.

hnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwDb¿∂p-h-cp∂ cmPy-ß-fmb C

¥y-bn¬\n∂pw ssN\-bn¬\n∂pwIqSp-X¬ bmX-°msc bp.-F-kn-te°v BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xn\v GsdDZm-c-amb bp.-Fkv hnkm \b-ßƒ]kn-U‚ v-H-_ma ]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠t√m. hnk \b-Øn¬ F¥p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øm-\mWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv?

kvanXm kptc-µ≥,

sIm√w

bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn-te-°p≈cmPym-¥c bmX-°m-cpsS FÆw Iq´p-∂Xv e£y-an-´p≈ FIvkn-Iyq-ńhvHm¿U¿ ]kn-U‚ v H_ma CubnsS]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Nne cmPy-ß-fnse ]uc-∑msc hnk C√msX bqssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ ]th-in-°m≥A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ hnkm-shbvh¿ t]mKmw (Visa Waiver Program) hn]p-e-am-°n-tb-°m-hp∂ ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\bv°v Cu DØ-chv \njv°¿jn-°p-∂p-.At]£ \¬In aq∂m-gvN-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ hnkm At]-£-I-cn¬ 80 iX-am-\-Ønepw A`n-apJw\S-Øn-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw DØ-chv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ \b-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ hmjn-MvS¨ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£ sa®-s∏´ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ C¥y-bnse tIm¨kpe¿ Hmô-k¿amcpsS Nn¥-bn¬

bp.-F-kv. Aw_m-kn-U¿]Sojym _p‰-\nk





Csa-bn¬ hnemkw


Ct∏m-gp-≠v. Ign™ A©p-h¿j-Øn-\nsS A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ hnk-I-fpsSFÆ-Øn¬ 51 iX-am-\-Øns‚ h¿≤-\-bmWv ChnsS D≠m-bn- p-≈-Xv.temI-amsI Nne t]mÃp-I-fn¬ (Fw_-kn,tIm¨kp-te‰v) \ne-hn-ep≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]h¿Øn kabw Imcy-ambn Rßƒ Iqń-bn-´p-≠v. IqSp-X¬At]-£-Isc C‚¿hyq sNøp-∂-Xn\pw hnk Xo¿∏p-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ Bfpw hn`-hhpw hI-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwImcy-tijn ]c-am-h-[n-bm-°p-∂-Xn\pwkpc£ A\p-_‘ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒsa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw hnkm ]In-b-bv°p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ hn]p-e-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwXt±-inb k¿°m-cp-I-fp-ambn tN¿∂vbp.-F-kv.-Un-∏m¿´vsa‚ v Hm^v tÃ‰v]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv..

18 am¿®v 2012. tIc-f-i_vZw 29

March 2012

ASk AmericA | 53

ka.usembassy.gov/tr-12 feb 12. html.

ioe-¶bv°pw amen-Zzo-]n-\p-ap≈bp.-F-kv. Aw_m-kn-U¿ ]Sojym_p‰-\nkv (Patricia Butenis) Ct∏mƒamen-bnse HutZym-KnI tIµ-ß-fp-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. apt∂m- p≈ kam-[m-\-]-c-amb hgn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\vF√m hn`m-K-ßfpw \S-Øp∂ ia-ßƒ bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn\v ]tNm-Z-\-I-c-am-Wv. t\csØ D≠m-tb-°m-hp∂ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈ am\ZWvUßƒ tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Dƒs∏sSs]mXp-Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ hnj-b-ßƒGs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ sFIy-k¿°m-cns‚ Npa-Xe kw_-‘n®v amen-Zzo-]p-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ \S-°p∂ N¿®-IsfRßƒ kzmKXw sNøp-∂p-ap-≠v. Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ°mbn Hcp-an®v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m-cm-jvSob I£n-I-tfmSpw Rßƒ XpS¿∂pw A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. cmPy-Øns‚DØ-a-Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\pw amen-Zzo]v P\-X-bpsS kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ]iv\w ho≠pwk¶o¿Æ-am-°p∂ AI-a-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn -°m-Xn -cn -°p -∂-Xn\pw HmtcmcpØ¿°p-ap≈ ka-b-amWv CXv.

hnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwhnkm ]cn-jv°-cWwDb¿∂p-h-cp∂ cmPy-ß-fmb C

¥y-bn¬\n∂pw ssN\-bn¬\n∂pwIqSp-X¬ bmX-°msc bp.-F-kn-te°v BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xn\v GsdDZm-c-amb bp.-Fkv hnkm \b-ßƒ]kn-U‚ v-H-_ma ]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠t√m. hnk \b-Øn¬ F¥p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øm-\mWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv?

kvanXm kptc-µ≥,

sIm√w

bpssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn-te-°p≈cmPym-¥c bmX-°m-cpsS FÆw Iq´p-∂Xv e£y-an-´p≈ FIvkn-Iyq-ńhvHm¿U¿ ]kn-U‚ v H_ma CubnsS]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Nne cmPy-ß-fnse ]uc-∑msc hnk C√msX bqssW-‰Uv tÃ‰vkn¬ ]th-in-°m≥A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ hnkm-shbvh¿ t]mKmw (Visa Waiver Program) hn]p-e-am-°n-tb-°m-hp∂ ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\bv°v Cu DØ-chv \njv°¿jn-°p-∂p-.At]£ \¬In aq∂m-gvN-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ hnkm At]-£-I-cn¬ 80 iX-am-\-Ønepw A`n-apJw\S-Øn-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw DØ-chv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ \b-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ hmjn-MvS¨ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£ sa®-s∏´ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ C¥y-bnse tIm¨kpe¿ Hmô-k¿amcpsS Nn¥-bn¬

bp.-F-kv. Aw_m-kn-U¿]Sojym _p‰-\nk





Csa-bn¬ hnemkw


Ct∏m-gp-≠v. Ign™ A©p-h¿j-Øn-\nsS A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ hnk-I-fpsSFÆ-Øn¬ 51 iX-am-\-Øns‚ h¿≤-\-bmWv ChnsS D≠m-bn- p-≈-Xv.temI-amsI Nne t]mÃp-I-fn¬ (Fw_-kn,tIm¨kp-te‰v) \ne-hn-ep≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]h¿Øn kabw Imcy-ambn Rßƒ Iqń-bn-´p-≠v. IqSp-X¬At]-£-Isc C‚¿hyq sNøp-∂-Xn\pw hnk Xo¿∏p-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ Bfpw hn`-hhpw hI-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwImcy-tijn ]c-am-h-[n-bm-°p-∂-Xn\pwkpc£ A\p-_‘ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒsa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw hnkm ]In-b-bv°p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ hn]p-e-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwXt±-inb k¿°m-cp-I-fp-ambn tN¿∂vbp.-F-kv.-Un-∏m¿´vsa‚ v Hm^v tÃ‰v]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv..

18 am¿®v 2012. tIc-f-i_vZw 29

1. What is the current status of U.S. - India nuclear deal? Media reports say the U.S. - India relationship is now under clouds.

Prabhakaran Kunnathu, Shornur

The U.S.-Indian Nuclear agreement reached in 2005 was always envisioned as a complex, long-term accord. It also was a catalyst for what has become the strategic partnership between the two countries on a variety of issues, including science, business, education and the environment. The two governments continue to work together to provide the framework for commercial provision of safe, efficient and reliable nuclear power for India’s development.

Speaking specifically to the nuclear agreement last fall during the Indo-U.S. Nuclear Safety Summit in Mumbai, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs Geoffrey Pyatt said, “We believe that Secretary Clinton’s vision of the day when the ‘computers of a school in Gujarat are powered by a reactor designed in America’ will not only mark the successful completion of our six-year civil-nuclear cooperation effort, but will be the first page of a new and promising chapter in our relationship.”

In January 2012, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met with new Indian Ambassador to the United States Nirupama Rao in Washington, D.C., and the two discussed a range of issues, including the nuclear agreement. State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said, the two countries are “still trying to work through the legal and regulatory issues that we have in India.” 2. Vast areas of land, especially paddy fields, now remain uncultivated in Kerala. This is especially due to the lack of skilled laborers to do the agricultural jobs. We are interested to know and adapt the farming practices existing in U.S. Is there any possibility for better interactions

between the agricultural sector of U.S. and Kerala?

K.M. Philipose, Kavala

India and the United States have been close partners in agricultural development for nearly 60 years, through a period of profound agricultural transformation. This partnership continues through the U.S.-India agriculture dialogue between our national governments, which was launched in September 2010.

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) runs the Agricultural Education and Innovation Systems Project, which has linked together Indian institutions and U.S. land grant universities. USAID projects also focus on increasing productivity of principal crops, promoting improved natural resource management practices and addressing the challenges of climate change, strengthening linkages of farmers to the value chain, and nutrition improvement at the farm household level.

In addition, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers the Cochran Fellowship Program, which provides U.S.-based agricultural opportunities for senior and mid-level specialists and administrators from public and private sectors. In one of their blog entries, http://blogs.usda.

gov/2011/03/01/indian-dairy-farmer-uses-u-s-genetics-training-to-improve-his-business/, the USDA detailed how an Indian dairy farmer used training he received in the U.S. to improve his business in India. Learn more details about the Cochran Fellowship Program at http://www.fas.usda.gov/icd/cochran/cochran.asp.

3. Which state in U.S. has the largest population of Indians?

Ashok Bhaskaran, Kalpetta

According to the 2010 U.S. Census., California has the largest population of Asian Indians, with more than 500,000 Asian Indians living there. New York is second, with approximately 313,000 Asian Indians, followed by New Jersey with 292,000 Asian Indians, Texas with 245,000 and Illinois in 5th place with just under 190,000. Wyoming has the least number of Asian Indians living in the state, only 589.

The Asian Indian population in the United States has more than doubled - from almost 1.7 million in 2000 to about 2.8 million in 2010, making Asian Indians one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the U.S.

For more info, see http://www.USAToday.com/news/nation/census/2011-05-12-asian-indian-population-Census._n.htm

March 2012

54 | ASk AmericA

4. Whether the U.S. inaction in Maldives shows the weakening of the U.S. as a global power?

R.S. Chandran, Thiruvananthapuram

Working with India and other partners, the United States has been appropriately engaged with the situation in Maldives. Within days after former President Nasheed resigned and President Waheed took the oath of office, Robert Blake, Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs traveled to Male to hear from all sides, as well as to meet with Indian and other diplomats who have been active on this issue. His statement to the press can be found at http://s r i l anka .usembassy .gov / t r -12feb12.html.

Currently, Ambassador Patricia Butenis, US Ambassador to Maldives and Sri Lanka, is meeting with officials in Male as well. The United States is encouraged by recent efforts that all sides have made in order to find a peaceful way forward. We also welcome the ongoing dialogue among Maldivians regarding the role of a unity government in addressing issues of common interest, including the creation of the conditions for possible early elections. We continue to urge all parties working together to enact needed reforms. Now is the time for everyone to prioritize the best interests of the country and the safety of the Maldivian people, and not allow violence to further complicate the situation.

5. How is the weather in the U.S., and how does it change during the year? --Suma G. M. BSSKN Doddabale, Davanagere

The United States is a geographically large country with a wide range of climates and weather conditions, from tropical to arid, Mediterranean to alpine. In northern Alaska, for example, the temperature has fallen as low as -62 degrees Celsius, while the temperature in Death Valley,

California once reached 56.7 degrees Celsius.

The weather changes depending on where one lives within the U.S. For example, if you live in Buffalo, New York, one can experience all four seasons – spring, summer, fall and winter – with plenty of snow in the winter season. If you live in Los Angeles, snow is very rare, and the temperatures range between the 4.4°C to 21.1°C and 26.7°C.

6. Recently President Obama has announced the liberalized U.S. visa policy for emerging countries like India and China to attract more travelers to U.S. from these countries. What kind of changes are you going to make in your visa policy?

Smitha Surendran, KollamPresident Obama recently

issued an Executive Order that aims to increase the numbers of international visitors to the United States. The order requires a review to possibly expanding

the Visa Waiver Program, which allows citizens of some countries to enter the United States without a visa, and directs that 80 percent of visa applicants worldwide be interviewed within three weeks of applying. Further policy decisions are under review in Washington, D.C., but improved processing is very much on the minds of consular officers here in India, where visa issuances have increased 51 percent during the past five years.

Around the world, at some posts, we are operating with significantly extended hours to maximize use of existing facilities. Working bilaterally with host governments, the U.S. Department of State is working to expand and improve our visa-processing facilities to allow for even more applicant interviews, dedicating more personnel and resources to visa adjudication, and using many different tools to maximize efficiency and improve security-related screening.

March 2012

ASk AmericA | 55

Gemini Circle, Chennai 600 006 Tel: 2857 4223 Fax: 2857 4307

Email: [email protected]: http://chennai.usconsulate.gov

Catalog: http://amlibindia.state.govelibraryUSA: http://elibraryUSA.state.gov

Library Hours 9.30 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. Monday through Saturday

THE AMERICAN LIBRARYU.S. Consulate General

The American Library in Chennai provides accurate and up-to-date information on contemporary American government, its policies, institutions, society, culture and values, literature, history, international relations, U.S. economy and global issues. The Library serves people from all walks of life that include students, teachers, researchers, government officials, politicians, media representatives, businessmen and the general public residing in south India.

Resources:

Books – Over 14,000 Volumes focusing on American studies and related areas.

Special Collections on Business Management, Computers, English as Second Language and Books for Children and Young Adults

Periodicals in Print – 100 includes scholarly and general interest category

Electronic Databases –access to more than 30,000 full-text journals and 20,000 other electronic documents

eLibraryUSA : a special collection of databases with remote access to individual members

Government documents, Think Tank reports, and U.S. Newspapers

Please check our website http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/resources.html for latest information of all the programs above and also for more information.

Presentations about Library Services/Higher Education Opportunity in the U.S. and FAQs on Visas on every second Saturday

Matinee on every Saturday at 11.00 a.m.

Saturday Specials:

Services:

• FreeaccesstoPersonalcom-puters and Internet for mem-bers

• Referenceservice inperson,by mail, email, telephone and fax

• ResearchAssistancebypro-fessional Librarians

• Research and referencesupport for programs for schools, colleges and other institutions

• Individualandgrouporienta-tions at the Library and on-site at schools, colleges and other institutions

• Photocopying/printing

Membership:

Individuals: Rs. 400.00 for one year and Rs. 700.00 for two years Institutions: Non-Profit (educational and Non Governmental Organizations)Rs. 2000.00 for one year and Rs. 3000.00 for two years Profit (Commercial organizations)Rs. 4000.00 for one year and Rs. 7000.00 for two years

Mail Service membership to those staying outside of Chennai, fee is the same as above.

Non-members can make use of many resources without a fee. Lending: Four books and back issues of periodicals 2 individual members, 20 books, 10 magazines and five video programs to institutions for a period of four weeks

Published by

Public Affairs Section, U.S. Consulate General220, Anna Salai, Chennai - 600 006

Telephone: +91-44-2857-4000http://chennai.usconsulate.gov

www.facebook.com/chennai.usconsulate

Publication Date: May 2012

Cover photo courtesy: V. Ramesh, Mathrubhumi

Publication not for sale

Documents

Ask America - Statehelp or support of a daily newspaper. One of the proudest achievements of ‘Keralasabdam’ in the annals of its publication is the monthly column ‘Ask America’