Asian Barometer Survey Wave 4 2014-2016 · Asian Barometer Survey Wave 4 2014-2016 TECHNICAL REPORT (PHILIPPINES) By Social Weather Stations for Asian Barometer Survey Center for

Asian Barometer Survey Wave 4

2014-2016

TECHNICAL REPORT

(PHILIPPINES)

By

Social Weather Stations

for

Asian Barometer Survey

Center for East Asia Democratic Studies

National Taiwan University

October 2014

Contact Information Social Weather Stations

52 Malingap Street, Sikatuna Village, Quezon City 1101 Philippines

Tel: 632-924-4465

Fax: 632-920-2181

Email: [email protected]

Asian Barometer Survey

No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

Center for East Asia Democratic Studies, College of Social Sciences

National Taiwan University

Tel: 886-2-3366-8456

Fax: 886-2-2365-7179

Email: [email protected]

1. BASIC INFORMATION

1.1 LOCATION

The Asian Barometer 2014 Survey covered the entire Philippines, and had four major

study areas: National Capital Region (NCR), Balance Luzon (outside NCR), Visayas and

Mindanao.

1.2 POPULATION

The population of the Philippines in 2010 was 92,097,000, with estimation at

100,096,496 as of July 1, 2014. Fifty percent of the population is urban, with the median

age as 23.2 years.1

1.3 GOVERNMENT2

The Philippines is a democratic republic with the president as the head of the state and the

government. It is a unitary state with the exception of the Autonomous Region in Muslim

Mindanao, which is largely free from the national government.

The president is elected by popular vote for a single six-year term through the

first-past-the-post rule. The bicameral Congress consists of the Senate and the House of

Representatives. Members of the Senate are elected to a six-year term (limited to 2

consecutive terms). The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large by

the electorate. The members of the House of Representatives are elected to a three-year

term (limited to 3 consecutive terms). In 2013, representatives were elected from 234

legislative districts (single-member district), and no more than 20% of the total number of

representatives are elected through the party-list. Currently, there are 58 representatives

elected through the party-list, which make the total number of the representatives to be

292. Voters vote for a single party-list organization and organizations that garner at least

2% of the total number of votes win one seat for every 2% up to a maximum of three

representatives. Major parties are not allowed to participate in the party-list election.

The current president is Benigno S. Aquino III, who was elected in June 2010. The latest

legislative election was held in 2013, with the president’s party—the Liberal

Party—controls 39% of the seats.

1 Worldometers, “Population”, http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/. Accessed on October 1, 2014. 2 Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines. Accessed on October 1, 2014.

1.4 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE3

The GDP per capital is USD 7,412 for the 2015 estimate. The annual economic growth is

forecast to be 5.0% in 2015. The Philippines has high unequal income distribution, with

the Gini coefficient as 43.0.

1.5 IMPORTANT POLITICAL AND SOCIAL EVENTS4

The Philippines has territorial disputes with China and Taiwan in the South China Sea. In

May 2013, major diplomatic row erupts between Taiwan and the Philippines after

Filipino coastguards killed a Taiwanese fisherman in disputed waters.

In November 2013 Typhoon Haiyan swept across central areas of the country, leaving

devastating and thousands of dead in its wake. A major international aid efforts was

organized to help more than four million people affected.

In March 2014, MILF rebel group signed a peace deal with the government that brought

an end to one of Asia’s longest and deadliest conflicts.

2. TIMETABLE

Activity Duration

Preparation

Questionnaire translation: Translate English

Core Questionnaire into Filipino

2014/05/21-06/16

Questionnaire translation: Translate Filipino

Questionnaire into Bicolano, Cebuano,

Hiligaynon, Iluku, Tausug, and Waray

2014/06/16-25

Pre-fieldwork Preparations: Logistics,

Questionnaire reproduction, Preparation of

showcards

2014/06/23-30

Supervising Anchors’ (SA) Training (NCR) 2014/06/30

Field Interviewers’ Training 2014/07/2-3

Fieldwork

National Capital Region (NCR) 2014/07/4-9

Balance Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao 2014/07/4-9

Data Processing

3 Ibid. 4 BBC News. “Philippines profile-Timeline”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15581450. Accessed on October 1, 2014.

Data entry and processing 2014/07/14-08/8

Data cleaning 2014/08/8-28

Submission of Philippine data for checking 2014/08/29

3. RESPONDENTS 3.1 CRITERIA OF SELECTING RESPONDENTS

Data was gathered through face-to-face interviews of voting-age Filipino adults aged 18

years old and above. The survey asked a host of questions about political, social and

economic issues, some undertaken as regular indicators monitored over time and others

reflective of current concerns. It also obtained information and background characteristics

about the household and family members. The questionnaire was administered thru paper

and pencil interviews (PAPI).

3.2 RESEARCH ETHNICAL REVIEW

In the Philippines there is no need to obtain any permission for any research type. For

the ABS IV we did not need to go through the review process in the Philippines.

However, before the beginning of interview process, the interviewers informed all

interviewees that ‘we will not record your name or identifying information about you

on the questionnaire. So no one will know who gave which answers to our questions.

There is no risk to you in participating in the survey. There is also no benefit to you in

participating in the survey. But if you answer our questions, you will help us

understand how the public feels about issues facing the country today. Your

participation in the survey is voluntary. If there are any questions you don't want to

answer you don't have to answer them. And you can stop participating in the survey at

any time. ..’

4. SAMPLING PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 SAMPLING SIZES AND ERROR MARGINS

An indicator of data quality is the standard error of the estimate, on which the margin for

sampling error is based. As survey statistics are mostly proportions, the key measure of

data precision is the standard error of a proportion taken from a sample. It is computed as

follows:

Where Z, at 95% confidence level is 1.96; p is the sample proportion estimate and n is the

+ _ Z * p(1-p) n

sample size. The overall sample size of 1,200 voting-age adults gives a maximum error

margin of ± 2.83% at the 95% confidence level, assuming a simple random sampling

design. The sampling error is at its highest when the true proportion being estimated is

close to 50%.

The following approximate 95%-confidence margins for sampling error should be made

when aggregating data at various levels:

Region Sample Size Error margin

Philippines 1,200 ±3%

National Capital Region 300 ±6%

Balance Luzon 300 ±6%

Visayas 300 ±6%

Mindanao 300 ±6%

However, somewhat higher error margins should be expected since multi-stage cluster

sampling was used; this design-effect is not readily measurable through established

statistical software.

4.2 SAMPLING SCHEME

The Philippines was divided into four study areas: National Capital Region (NCR),

Balance Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (See Figure 1. Map of the Philippines).

Multi-stage probability sampling was used in the selection of sample spots. The allocation

of sample units in each stage was as follows:

Region Sample

Province

Sample

MunicipalitySpots Respondents

National Capital

Region -- 17 60 300

Balance Luzon 10 15 60 300

Visayas 5 15 60 300

Mindanao 6 15 60 300

Total 21 62 240 1200

4.2.1 FIRST STAGE-SELECTION OF PSU

4.2.1.1 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NRC)

For NCR’s first stage, 60 barangays were distributed among the 17 NCR cities and

municipalities in such a way that each city/municipality was assigned a number of

barangays that was roughly proportional to its population size. An additional provision

was that each municipality must receive at least one barangay. Barangays were then

selected from within each municipality with probability proportional to size (PPS). See

Figure 2 for an illustration of the sampling scheme for NCR.

4.2.1.2 OUTSIDE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION: BALANCE

LUZON, VISAYAS, MINDANAO

Balance Luzon was divided into 6 regions: Region I, CAR+Region II, Region III, Region

IV-A, Region IV-B and Region V; Visayas into 3 regions: Region VI, Region VII and

Region VIII; and Mindanao into 6 regions; Region IX, Region X, Caraga, Region XI,

Region XII and ARMM. See Figure 3 for an illustrative example of the sampling scheme

for Balance Luzon. Using probability proportional to population size (PPS) of the region,

the allocation of 10 provinces in Luzon, 5 in Visayas and 6 in Mindanao were as follows:

Luzon Visayas Mindanao

Region I 1 Region VI 2 Region IX 1

CAR+Region

II 1 Region VIII 2

Region X 1

Region III 3 Region VIII 1 Caraga 1

Region IV-A 3 Region XI 1

Region IV-B 1 Region XII 1

Region V 1 ARMM 1

Total 10 5 6

The non-quota provinces were selected without replacement using probability

proportional to their remainders. The remainders are fractions derived when the

proportion of the regions (based on their respective study area) are multiplied by 10 for

Luzon, and 5 for Visayas and 6 for Mindanao. For instance, if 1.28 is obtained for Region

I, then 1 province is assigned to this region and remaining fraction of 0.28 is included for

the allocation of the non-quota province.

Given the target number of provinces for each region, sample provinces were then

selected by PPS, without replacement. An additional provision is that each region must

receive at least one province.

Figure 1: Map of the Philippines

Figure 2: Sampling Scheme for National Capital Region

Figure 3: Sampling Scheme for Provincial Areas (Example, Balance Luzon)

4.2.2 SECOND STAGE-SELECTION OF SSU


National Capital Region does not have SSU. It goes straightly to the household selection.



Within the study areas of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, 15 municipalities were allocated

among the sample provinces. The number of municipalities for each study area was

multiplied by the proportion of the provinces. The resulting integers became the number

of municipalities in that province. If there were remaining municipalities to be allocated,

they were distributed using probability proportional to the remainders. Sample

municipalities were then selected from within each sample province with probability

proportional to population size, without replacement. An additional provision was that

each province must receive at least one municipality.

4.2.4 THIRD STAGE-SELECTION OF SPOTS


National Capital Region does not have the third stage. It goes straightly to the household

selection.



Once the sample provinces have been selected, 60 spots for each of the major areas were

allocated among the sample provinces. Using the target number set for each spot in each

region, the spots were distributed in such a way that each province was assigned a number

of spots roughly proportional to its population size.

Luzon Visayas Mindanao

Region I 7 Region VI 24 Region IX 10

CAR+Region

II 8 Region VIII 22

Region X 12

Region III 15 Region VIII 14 Caraga 6

Region IV-A 16 Region XI 12

Region IV-B 5 Region XII 11

Region V 9 ARMM 9

Total 60 60 60

Sample barangays within each sample municipality were selected with probability

proportional to size. Sample barangays were then classified as urban or rural based on the

latest National Statistics Office classification (2000).

4.2.4 FOUTH STAGE-SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS


In each sample barangay, five (5) households were established by systematic sampling.

Designated starting points were randomly assigned - it was either: 1) a

municipal/barangay hall, 2) a school, 3) the barangay captain's house, 4) a

church/chapel/mosque, 5) a health facility, or 6) a basketball court. A random start from

1-6 was also randomly generated for each spot. Thus, if a particular spot has a random

start of 4, the first sample household should be the 4th household from the designated

starting point. Subsequent sample households were chosen using a fixed interval of 5

households in between the sampled ones; i.e. every 6th household was sampled.



For the fourth stage, within each sample spot, five (5) households were established by

systematic sampling. In urban barangays as well as in rural barangays, designated starting

points were randomly assigned - it was either: 1) a municipal/barangay hall, 2) a school, 3)

the barangay captain's house, 4) a church/chapel/mosque, 5) a health facility, or 6) a

basketball court. A random start from 1-6 was also randomly generated for each spot.

Thus, if a particular spot has a random start of 4, the first sample household should be the

4th household from the designated starting point. The sampling interval for urban

barangays was six, while for rural barangays, it was two.

4.2.5 FIFTH STAGE-SELECTION OF RESPONDENT


For the last stage, in each selected household, a respondent was randomly chosen

among the household members who were 18 years of age and older, using a

probability selection table. In selecting the probability respondent of a household,

only male family members were pre-listed in the probability selection table of

odd-numbered questionnaires; only female family members were pre-listed for

even-numbered questionnaires.



For the fifth and final stage, as discussed earlier, a respondent was randomly chosen from

among the voting-age adults in each selected household using a probability respondent

selection table. A respondent not contacted during the first attempt was visited for a

second time. If the respondent remained unavailable, or in cases where there was no

qualified probability respondent of a given gender, the interval sampling of households

would continue until five sample respondents were identified.

4.3 NUMBER OF CALLS AND SUBSTITUTION/ALTERNATE SAMPLES

A respondent not contacted during the first attempt was visited for a second time. If

the respondent remained unavailable, or in cases where there was no qualified

probability respondent of a given gender, the interval sampling of households would

continue until five sample respondents were identified.

Only three barangays out of the 240 barangays were substituted. Two barangays were

substituted for security reasons and one because it is in a remote/far-flung area. They

are:

　1. Brgy. Datu Esmael (Bago-a-ingud), Dasmarinas, Cavite (Balance Luzon): The

barangay captain did not allow the interviewers to conduct the interviews because of

his concern for their security, particularly due to the prevalence of drug addicts in

some parts of the barangay;

　 2. Brgy. Lanao Dakula, Parang, Sulu (Mindanao): This barangay was replaced

because of ongoing security operations in that area at the time of the interviews; and,

　 3. Brgy. Panampalay, Pres Manuel A. Roxas, Zamboanga Del Norte (Mindanao):

This barangay was replaced because of its remote/far-flung location, and there were

no public vehicles going to this barangay at the time of the interview because of the

heavy rains.

4.4 SURVEY STATISTICS

Shown in the table below are the final dispositions of case codes. These were slightly

modified for area-based in-person household surveys, based on the American Association

for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) Standard Definitions on Final Dispositions of

Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys.

A total of 3,345 households were contacted for the survey, of which 1,200 were

completed interviews. There were 1,317 eligible cases for which no interview is

obtained: 992 were cases of the respondent away/not available and 290 cases of known

respondent refusal.

There were 650 cases of unknown eligibility and no interview: 478 were cases of nobody

home, and 113 cases of unknown if household has an eligible respondent. There were 178

cases of households with no eligible respondents.

Category Frequency Percent

Interviewed 1200 35.9

Completed 1200 35.9

Original 516 15.4

Replicate 684 20.4

Eligible, No Interview (Non-response) 1317 39.4

Nobody is home 478 14.3

Unknown if HH has an eligible respondent 113 3.4

HH-level refusal 47 1.4

Unable to enter building/reach housing unit 10 0.3

HH-level language problem 2 0.1

Not Eligible 178 5.3

No eligible respondent 178 5.3

Total 3,345 100

The refusal rate for this survey is 52.3%. SWS computed the refusal rate (RR) following

the definition that refusal rate is one minus the number of complete interviews (I) with

reporting cases divided by the number of eligible cases in the sample:

1I

I P R NC O

Where

I = Complete interview

P = Partial interview

R = Refusal and break-off

NC = Non-contact

O= Physically or Mentally unable/incompetent

Shown in the table below are the response rates disaggregated by area, locale, class, sex,

age and educational attainment of the respondents. The refusal rates are lower in Visayas

(41%) and Mindanao (37%), in rural areas (40%), among females, among older adults

aged 25 and above and among those with elementary education or less.

Category Refusal rate (%)

Total Philippines 52.3

National Capital Region (NCR) 65.5

Balance Luzon 55.0

Visayas 40.7

Mindanao 36.8

Urban 58.8

Rural 39.8

Classes ABC 48.5

Class D 53.5

Class E 49.2

Males 58.2

Females 44.4

18-24 years old 56.5

25-34 51.6

35-44 51.8

45-54 52.8

55 years old and above 50.3

No formal qualification 42.6

Lowest formal qualification (Elementary grad) 46.6

Intermediate secondary 53.6

University degree incomplete 56.9

University degree completed 53.6

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5.1 PREPARATION

5.1.1 QUESTIONNAIRE

The final questionnaire is composed of two modules: the Main Questionnaire and the

Socio-Demographic (SDC) Questionnaire. The Main Questionnaire has 172 questions,

while the SDC Questionnaire has 15 questions, for a total of 187 question items.

The definitive language version of the core questionnaire, English, was translated into

Filipino. The Filipino version of the questionnaire became the basis of the other language

versions translated by the pool of SWS language translators: Bicolano, Cebuano,

Hiligaynon, Iluku, Tausug, and Waray.

5.1.2 PRE-TESTING AND FINALIZING QUESTIONNAIRE

The Filipino version underwent cognitive pretests to make sure that the messages were

conveyed accurately. In addition, cognitive pre-testing enabled SWS to:

-　 Determine the time length of the interview;

-　 Improve the wording of the questions, if necessary;

-　 Eliminate unnecessary questions or add new items, as the case may be;

-　 Test question sequence and identify bases;

-　 Correct and improve translation;

-　 Change open-ended questions into multiple-choice questions;

-　 Find out which items are conceptually vague;

-　 Check accuracy and adequacy of the questionnaire instructions;

-　 Determine whether the focus of the question is clear; and,

-　 Identify interviewer's recording difficulties

5.1.3 TRAINING

Two sets of training were conducted prior to the fieldwork implementation – one for the

Supervising Anchors (SAs) and assistant Supervising Anchors (ASAs), and one for the

field interviewers on-site.

5.1.3.1 SUPERVISOR

A general training for the five (5) SAs and seven (7) ASAs was conducted at the SWS

office in Quezon City. The Supervising Anchors (SAs) are regular SWS staff who

directly report to the Project Director (Ms. Linda Guerrero), the Field Manager (Ms.

Germelita Caron), and, Project Manager (Ms. Iremae Labucay). The ASAs are regular

project-based assistants. They are in-charge of the overall day-to-day monitoring of the

conduct of the survey implementation as well as the administration of fieldwork logistics.

The general training was conducted by the Project Manager. The SAs/ASa, in turn,

conducted the training of field interviewers.

5.1.3.2 INTERVIEWER

The field interviewers’ trainings were conducted on-site, or in strategic, central locations

where the interviews were to be conducted.

Training Time. The minimum training time for interviewers was 2 days prior to field

implementation. The third day was the start-off, where the SAs/ASAs observed the field

interviewers on their first interviews.

Training Activities. These mainly consisted of:

One or two days office training to learn the basics of the project; and, Mock interviews

among participants, i.e. field interviewers interviewing supervising anchors as

respondents are done to get accustomed to the flow of interviewing and questionnaire

format. Interviews were practiced with a supervisor around until the interviewer could be

left on her own.

5.2 FIELDWORK

5.2.1 WORKERS ON HAND

For this project, a total of 53 field interviewers and seven project assistants were deployed.

The field interviewers and project assistants were from the pool of SWS interviewers.

Thirty encoders were hired for data processing.

5.2.2 SUPERVISION

5.2.2.1 EVALUATION OF INTERVIEWER＇S WORK

All first interviews of each field interviewer were observed by her field supervisor, and

then evaluated. Only after meeting a certain evaluation criteria was an interviewer left to

interview on her own, although her field supervisor always stayed within the vicinity of

the sample spot to conduct checks.

Supervisors reporting to the field manager monitored the study full-time. They observed

interviewers (at least 10% of total interviewers were observed by supervisors),

followed-up and did surprise checks on the field interviewers. They also ensured that field

logistics were received promptly and administered properly.

5.2.2.2 SPOT-CHEKING

Part of quality control was to make sure at least 30% of each interviewer’s output was

spot-checked and back-checked. Once an incomplete or inconsistent answer was spotted

in the questionnaire, the field interviewer went back to the respondent’s house to re-ask

the question for verification.

5.2.2.3 RE-TESTING

There is no re-testing but after each interview, the interviewer was asked to go over her

own work and check for consistency. All accomplished interview schedules were

submitted to the assigned group supervisor who, in turn, edited every interview.

5.3 FIELD EDITING

5.3.1 DATA PROCESSING

All the completed questionnaires were returned to the SWS office for data processing.

A CSPro-based program was used for data entry, and SPSS for the generation of data

tables.

5.3.2 DATA ENTERING AND CLEANING

Office editors conducted final consistency checks on all interviews prior to coding.

Encoded data were validated (100%) by a group separate from the encoders.

All data tables generated were checked.

5.4 ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

Overall, the interviewers assessed that the questionnaire was relatively easy to implement

compared with other SWS questionnaires that they have recently implemented. In

particular, they cite that because there were only a few items with skipping instructions,

the flow of the interview was facilitated. There were also a few questions that needed to

be cross-checked for consistency.

They observed that the questions were of interest particularly to the younger, more

educated respondents from urban areas.

The problems encountered in the implementation of the questionnaire were primarily

related to the length of the questionnaire. Some of the questions were also too wordy or

verbose, which contributed to the questionnaire being lengthy. The use of show cards

with the answer categories of the questions could have reduced the overall length of the

interview.

The questionnaire, with 187 question items, took an average 62 minutes to be completed,

or three (3) questions per minute. Several respondents, in fact, complained to the

interviewers that the questionnaire was too lengthy. There were a few cases of the

interviews terminated because of the lengthy interviews. One interviewer noted a case of

an elderly respondent who fell asleep while being interviewed. In some cases, the

respondents asked the interviewers to repeat reading to them the answer categories. The

interviewers also noted that some of the respondents seemed bored in the middle of the

interviews.

The interviewers themselves found the questionnaire too lengthy to implement, to the

extent that some of them suffered sore throat following the interviews. One interviewer

shared that a respondent had offered her a glass of water to drink when she had difficulty

enunciating the questions near the end of the interview.

Aside from the issue of the questionnaire being too lengthy when implemented, the

interviewers had little difficulty with the implementation. On the questions related to

participation in elections, the interviewers reported that several respondents seemed

hesitant to answer, but eventually gave their responses without prompting or probing

from the interviewer.

Just before the fieldwork started, a security alert was raised for Southern Mindanao due to

intelligence reports of possible terror threat in key cities in the region, particularly in

Davao City, Cagayan de Oro City, Koronadal City, and Kidapawan City. This heightened

security situation, however, it did not affect the survey implementation, that is, it did not

cause any delay in the fieldwork.

5.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTURE IMPLEMENTATION

To address the issue of the interview being lengthy, SWS strongly suggests expanding

the use of show cards with the answer categories of the questions, from which the

respondents will choose their response to the survey question. The use of show cards with

answer categories would facilitate the survey administration in several ways.

For one, it could eliminate the need for the interviewer to repeat reading the answer

categories upon the request of the respondent. Show cards with answer categories would

also minimize the recency effect, or the tendency of respondents to choose the answer

category that they would hear last. In addition, using show cards in repetitive questions,

such as putting the agree-disagree battery statements in show cards, would minimize the

probability of the respondents giving mechanical answers as it would give the

respondents sufficient time to think carefully before they give their responses. It would

also address the issue of the respondents getting bored or sleepy in the middle of the

interviews, as they would feel that they are active participants to the interview process.

The expected primacy effect of show cards with answer categories, or the tendency of

respondents to choose the answer category that they would see first in the list, could be

mitigated by using a rating board-ring card with answer categories. Ring cards are

show cards that are bound by together usually ring bound, hence the name “ring card”.

The rating boards are where the answer categories are written. Ring cards assure that the

statements are shown to the respondents sequentially. (See Figures 4 and 5 for example of

rating board-ring card).

When using the rating board-ring card, the interviewer will first read the question. Then

the interviewer will give the ring cards to the respondent and read the first statement.

After that, the interviewer will show the rating board where the respondent can choose

his/her answers from. The interviewer may read the answer categories again and again, if

necessary. She then records the answer of the respondent before proceeding to the next

statement. If the respondent reads everything in the ring cards, the interviewer should tell

the respondent in a polite manner that he/she should answer the questions one by one and

in a particular order. If the respondent understands how to use the rating boards and ring

cards, the interviewer will not have a hard time in the succeeding questions.

Figure 4. Example of a ring card. One side shows the Filipino version, the other side

shows the language version (in this case, the English version).

Figure 5. Example of a rating board. The board shows the answer categories for an

Agree-Disagree statement battery. The rating board always contains the Filipino

version and the local language version of the answer categories (in this case, the

English version).

6. RELIABILITY ANALYSIS As part of a full review of the survey, questions were subjected to a reliability analysis.

Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, α. It is a common rule of thumb

that a Cronbach α value of .6 to .7 is an acceptable value. This Technical Report uses

commonly accepted rule of thumb in interpreting Cronbach’s α values:

α ≥ 0.9 Excellent

0.7 ≤ α < 0.9 Good

0.6 ≤ α < 0.7 Acceptable

0.5 ≤ α < 0.6 Below Standard

α < 0.5 Poor

6.1 ECONOMIC EVALUTIONS

The Cronbach’s α value for the six items is .6157, which is considered acceptable. Each

of the six items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q2

(.3375) and Q5 (.3365) have the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of

the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α

value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all

values are less than the overall reliability α = .615.

Cronbach's α = .615 Corrected Item-total

correlation

Cronbach's α if

item deleted

Q1. How would you rate the overall

economic condition of our country today?.373 .566

Q2. How would you describe the change

in the economic condition of our country

over the last few years?

.337 .579

Q3. What do you think will be the state of

our country’s economic condition a few

years from now?

.349 .588

Q4. As for your own family, how do you

rate the economic situation of your family

today?

.390 .565

Q5. How would you compare the current

economic condition of your family with

what it was a few years ago?

.336 .578

Q6. What do you think the economic

situation of your family will be a few

years from now?

.404 .550

6.2 TRUST IN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

The Cronbach’s α value for the 13 items is .837, which is considered good. Each of the 13

items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q7 (.404)

has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery

would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items

would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the

overall reliability α = .837.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q7. The President .404 .831

Q8. The courts .498 .824

Q9. The national government [in Manila] .461 .827

Q10. Political parties [not any specific

party] .487 .825

Q11. Parliament .558 .820

Q12. Civil Service .462 .827

Q13. The military .532 .822

Q14. The police .522 .823

Q15. Local government .483 .826

Q16. Newspapers .462 .827

Q17. Television .443 .828

Q18. The Commission on Elections or

COMELEC .548 .821

Q19. Non-governmental organizations or

NGOs .447 .828

6.3 SOCIAL CAPITAL

6.3.1 FAMILY TRUST

The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .615, which is considered acceptable. Each

of the three items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery.

Q28 (.395) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. As Q27 has the highest

corrected item-total correlation of .554, deleting Q27 from the battery would have

significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value. That is, if it were to be deleted, it

would reduce the overall reliability.615 to unacceptable .398.

Deleting either Q26 or Q28 from this battery would not have significant effect on the

overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they

were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .615.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q26. Your relatives .423 .590

Q27. Your neighbors .554 .398

Q28. Other people you interact with .395 .624

6.3.2 SOCIAL NETWORK

The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .332, which is considered unacceptable.

Each of the three items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this

battery, though the correlations are low. Q32 (.100) has the lowest corrected item-total

correlation. Deleting Q32 from this battery would have a moderate but inconsequential

effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value. That is, if it were to be deleted, it would

increase the overall reliability.332 to .461, which is still below that minimum threshold (α

= 0.6) for it to be acceptable. Deleting any of Q30 or Q31 from this battery would not

have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would

increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall

reliability α .332.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q30. If you have a difficult problem

to manage, are there people outside

your household you can ask for help?

.252 .123

Q31. When people outside your

household have problems, do they

come to you for help?

.231 .168

Q32. If you had friends or co-workers

whose opinions on politics differed

from yours, would you have a hard

time conversing with them?

.100 .461

6.4 ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICE

The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .596, which is considered poor. Each of the

four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q42

(.339) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items from this

battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of

the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less

than the overall reliability α .596.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q39. An identity document (such as a

birth certificate or passport .383 .521

Q40. A place in a public primary school

for a child .399 .514

Q41. Medical treatment at a nearby

clinic .410 .502

Q42. Help from the police when you

need it .339 .570

6.5 PSYCHOLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT

The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .497, which is considered poor. Each of the

three items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module.

Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect on the


were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .497.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q44. How interested would you say

you are in politics? .346 .347

Q45. How often do you follow news

about politics and government? .348 .408

Q46. When you get together with

your family members or friends, how

often do you discuss political matters?

.338 .430

6.6 INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA

The Cronbach’s α value for the six items is .608, which is considered acceptable. Each of

the six items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q48




than or similar to the overall reliability α = .608.

Cronbach's α = .608

Corrected

Item-total

Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q47. Do you have Internet access at home? .280 .598

Q48. Do you have Internet access on a mobile

phone? .166 .614

Q49. How often do you use the internet? .378 .547

Q50. Do you currently use any of the

following social media networks? .289 .597

Q51. How often do you use the Internet

including social media networks to find

information about politics and government?

.545 .453

Q52. How often do you use the Internet

including social media networks to express

your opinion about politics and government?

.536 .455

6.7 TRADITIONALISM

The Cronbach’s α value for the 14 items is .664, which is considered acceptable. Each of

the 14 items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q61




than the overall reliability α= .664.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q55. For the sake of the family, the

individual should put his personal

interests second.

.269 .649

Q56. In a group, we should sacrifice our

individual interest for the sake of the

group’s collective interest.

.319 .642

Q57. For the sake of national interest,

individual interest could be sacrificed. .266 .650

Q58. When dealing with others,

developing a long-term relationship is

more important than securing one’s

immediate interest.

.358 .637

Q59. When dealing with others, one

should not only focus on immediate

interest but also plan for future.

.331 .643

Q60. Even if parents’ demands are

unreasonable, children still should do

what they ask.

.288 .647

Q61. When a mother-in-law and a

daughter-in-law come into conflict, even

if the mother-in-law is in the wrong, the

husband should still persuade his wife to

obey his mother.

.196 .662

Q62. Being a student, one should not .351 .636

question the authority of their teacher.

Q63. In a group, we should avoid open

quarrel to preserve the harmony of the

group.

.315 .644

Q64. Even if there is some disagreement

with others, one should avoid the

conflict.

.250 .652

Q65. A person should not insist on his

own opinion if his co-workers disagree

with him.

.253 .651

Q66. Wealth and poverty, success and

failure are all determined by fate. .279 .648

Q67. If one could have only one child, it

is more preferable to have a boy than a

girl.

.217 .659

Q68. When dealing with others, one

should not be preoccupied with

temporary gains and losses.

.333 .639

6.8 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

6.8.1 EXPRESSION OF IDEAS

The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .721, which is considered good. Each of the

five items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q73




than the overall reliability α = .721.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q69. Contacted elected officials or

legislative representatives at any level .499 .669

Q70. Contacted officials at higher level .513 .662

Q71. Contacted traditional

leaders/community leaders. .470 .686

Q72. Contacted other influential people

outside the government. .511 .664

Q73. Contacted news media .455 .690

6.8.2 CIVIC ACTION

The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .567, which is considered poor. Q74, Q75,

Q76 and Q77 are positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery.



were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .567. Q78 is

negatively correlated with the other four questions in this module. Deleting this question

from the battery would significantly increase the overall reliability from poor .567 to

good .728. Hence, it is necessary to re-consider including this question in the battery

along with Q74, Q75, Q76 and Q77 in the implementation of the questionnaire in the

future.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q74. Got together with others to try to

resolve local problems .442 .433

Q75. Got together with others to raise an

issue or sign a petition .543 .384

Q76. Attended a demonstration or protest

march .467 .445

Q77. Used force or violence for a

political cause .396 .501

Q78. Have you voted in every election,

voted in most elections, voted in some

elections or hardly ever voted?

-.001 .728

6.9 REGIME PREFERENCE

6.9.1 IDEAL SYSTEM OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

This battery consists of four main questions, with each question having a follow-up

question. The main question and the follow-up question were grouped together, then

re-coded as “Statement 1: Strongly agree”, “Statement 1: Agree,” “Statement 2: Strongly

agree,” “Statement 2: Agree”. For example, Q79 and Q79a were grouped, and re-coded

as:

1 Statement 1. Government leaders implement what voters want: Strongly agree

2 Statement 1. Government leaders implement what voters want: Agree

3 Statement 2. Government leaders do what they think is best for the people: agree

4 Statement 2. Government leaders do what they think is best for the people: strongly

Agree

The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .406, which is considered unacceptable.

Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this

battery, but the correlations are low. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not

have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would

increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall

reliability α = .406.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q79+Q79a. Regime Preference 1:

Statement 1. Government leaders

implement what voters want.

Statement 2. Government leaders do

what they think is best for the people.

.261 .294


Statement 1. Government is our

employee, the people should tell

government what needs to be

done.

Statement 2. The government is like

parent, it should decide what is good

for us.

.174 .387


Statement 1. The media should have

the right to publish news and ideas

without government

control.

Statement 2. The government should

have the right to prevent the media

from publishing things that might be

politically destabilizing.

.188 .372


Statement 1. Political leaders are

chosen by the people through open

and competitive elections.

.270 .289

Statement 2. Political leaders are

chosen on the basis on their virtue

and capability even without election.

6.9.2 OPERATION OF CURRENT GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

The Cronbach’s α value for the three items is .649, which is considered acceptable. Each

of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery.



were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α = .649.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q83. Over the long run, our system of

government is capable of solving the

problems our country faces

.422 .587

Q84. Thinking in general, I am proud

of our system of government .424 .585

Q85. A system like ours, even if it

runs into problems, deserves the

people's support

.448 .569

Q86. I would rather live under our

system of government than any other

that I can think of

.425 .585

6.10 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY

The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .466, which is considered unacceptable.

Each of the four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this

battery, through the correlations are low. Q88 (.182) has the lowest corrected item-total

correlation. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have significant effect

on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if

they were deleted because all values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α

= .466.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q88. 1. Government narrows the gap

between the rich and the poor.

2. People choose the government

leaders in free and fair election.

3. Government does not waste any

public money.

4. People are free to express their

political views openly.

.182 .473

Q89. 1. The legislature has oversight

over the government.

2. Basic necessities, like food, clothes

and shelter, are provided for all.

3. People are free to organize political

groups.

4. Government provides people with

quality public services.

.292 .372

Q90. 1. Government ensures law and

order.

2. Media is free to criticize the things

government does.

3. Government ensures job

opportunities for all.

4. Multiple parties compete fairly in

the election.

.282 .384

Q91. 1. People have the freedom to take

part in protests and demonstrations.

2. Politics is clean and free of

corruption.

3. The court protects the ordinary

people from the abuse of government

power.

4. People receive state aid if they are

unemployed.

.319 .340

6.11 QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE

The Cronbach’s α value for the nine items is .618, which is considered acceptable. Each

of the nine items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery.

Q104 (.143) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the items

from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e.,

none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are

less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .618.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q101. People have the power to change

a government they don’t like. .287 .592

Q102. Political parties or candidates in

our country have equal access to the

mass media during the election period.

.307 .588

Q103. Between elections, the people

have no way of holding the government

responsible for its actions.

.249 .602

Q104. When government leaders break

the laws, there is nothing the court can

do.

.143 .631

Q105. All citizens from different ethnic

communities in [Country X] are treated

equally by the government.

.384 .566

Q106. Rich and poor people are treated

equally by the government. .264 .598

Q107. People have basic necessities like

food, clothes, and shelter. .223 .607

Q108. People are free to speak what

they think without fear. .441 .552

Q109. People can join any organization

they like without fear. .417 .559

6.12 PREFERENCE FOR DEMOCRACY

The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .512, which is considered poor. Each of the

five items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this battery. Q129





Cronbach's α=.512 Corrected Item-total

Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q125. Which of the following

statements comes closest to your own

opinion?

(1) Democracy is always preferable to

any other kind of government

(2) Under some circumstances, an

authoritarian government can be

preferable to a democratic one

(3) For people like me, it does not

matter whether we have a democratic

or a nondemocratic regime.

.328 .434

Q126. Which of the following

statements comes closer to your own

view?

(1) Democracy is capable of solving

the problems of our society

(2) Democracy cannot solve our

society’s problems

.308 .449

Q127. If you had to choose between

democracy and economic development,

which would you say is more

important?

.301 .445

Q128. If you had to choose between

reducing economic inequality and

protecting political freedom, which

would you say is more important?

.307 .452

Q129. Do you agree or disagree with

the following statement: “Democracy

may have its problems, but it is still the

best form of government.”

.208 .498

6.13 LEGITMACY OF DEMOCRACY/ DETACHMENT FROM

AUTHORITARIANISM

The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .781, which is considered good. Each of the

four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q132






Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q130. We should get rid of parliament

and elections and have a strong leader

decide things

.578 .733

Q131. Only one political party should

be allowed to stand for election and

hold office

.635 .703

Q132. The army (military) should come

in to govern the country .533 .758

Q133. We should get rid of elections

and parliaments and have experts make

decisions on behalf of the people

.610 .719

6.14 CITIZEN EMPOWERMENT AND POLITICAL SUPPORT

The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .585, which is considered poor. Each of the

five items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module. Q134






Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q134. I think I have the ability to

participate in politics .302 .553

Q135. Sometimes politics and

government seems so complicated that

a person like me can’t really

understand what is going on

.366 .516

Q136. People like me don’t have any

influence over what the government

does

.343 .529

Q137. You can generally trust the

people who run our government to do

what is right

.323 .539

Q138. A citizen should always remain

loyal only to his country, no matter

how imperfect it is or what wrong it

has done

.378 .510

6.14 AUTHORITARIAN/DEMOCRATIC VALUES

The Cronbach’s α value for the eleven items is .670, which is considered acceptable.

Each of the eleven items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this

module. Q139 (.184) has the lowest corrected item-total correlation. Deleting any of the

items from this battery would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α

value, i.e., none of the items would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all

values are less than or similar to the overall reliability α = .670.

Cronbach's α =.670 Corrected Item-total

Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q139. Women should not be involved

in politics as much as men .184 .671

Q140. The government should consult

religious authorities when interpreting

the laws

.316 .649

Q141. People with little or no

education should have as much say in

politics as highly-educated people

.266 .657

Q142. Government leaders are like the

head of a family; we should all follow

their decisions

.327 .647

Q143. The government should decide

whether certain ideas should be

allowed to be discussed in society

.343 .644

Q144. Harmony of the community

will be disrupted if people organize

lots of groups

.360 .641

Q145. When judges decide important

cases, they should accept the view of

the executive branch

.394 .634

Q146. If the government is constantly

checked [i.e. monitored and

supervised] by the legislature, it

cannot possibly accomplish great

things

.371 .639

Q147. If we have political leaders who

are morally upright, we can let them

decide everything

.367 .640

Q148. If people have too many

different ways of thinking, society will

be chaotic

.264 .658

Q149. When the country is facing a

difficult situation, it is ok for the

government to disregard the law in

order to deal with the situation

.304 .651

6.15 GLOBALIZATION

The Cronbach’s α value for the four items is .332, which is considered poor. Each of the

four items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this module, though

the correlations are low. Deleting any of the items from this battery would not have

significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items would increase

the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than the overall reliability α

= .332.

Cronbach's α =.332 Corrected Item-total

Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q150. How closely do you follow

major events in foreign countries / the

world?

.168 .277

Q151. Our country should defend our

way of life instead of becoming more

and more like other countries.

.259 .169


the following statement: “We should

protect our farmers and workers by

limiting the import of foreign goods.”

.152 .295

Q153. Do you think the government

should increase or decrease the inflow .130 .339

of foreign immigrants into the

country?

6.16 REDISTRIBUTION

The Cronbach’s α value for the five items is .300, which is considered unacceptable.

Each of the six items is positively correlated with each of the other questions in this

module, though the correlations are low. Deleting any of the items from this battery

would not have significant effect on the overall Cronbach’s α value, i.e., none of the items

would increase the reliability if they were deleted because all values are less than or

similar to the overall reliability α = .300.


Correlation

Cronbach's α

If Item Deleted

Q155. How fair do you think income

distribution is in the Philippines? .208 .205


the following statement: It is the

responsibility of the government to

reduce the differences between

people with high income and those

with low incomes.

.090 .296

Q157. How concerned are you about

the loss of your or your family's major

source of income within the next 12

months?

.081 .308

Q158. The following is a hypothetical

question: If you were unfortunate

enough to lose your main source of

income, how serious would it be for

you and your family?

.028 .321

Q159. Considering all the effort that

you and your family members have

made in the past, do you think the

income that your family currently

receives is FAIR or NOT FAIR?

.273 .169

Q160. As compared to my parent's

generation, my generation has more or

fewer opportunities to improve one's

.135 .261

standard of living or social status?

7. EXAMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVENESS OF SAMPLE SET AND WEIGHTING

To yield representative figures at the national level, census-based population weights are

applied to the survey data. The weight projection is computed by dividing the projected

population in the area by the sample size of the same area. Appropriate projected factors

were applied so that original population proportions were reflected in the data tables

using this formula:

Population

Projection factors =-----------------------

(Weight) No. of Interviews

For questions answered by the sample voting-age adults, the following projection factors

were used:

Region

2014 NSO

Projected

Population Age 18

and above

Total Sample Size

(1200)

Projection factor

for 1 probability

respondent (000)

NRC 8,325,407 300 .56

Balance Luzon 26,426,641 300 1.77

Visayas 11,573,176 300 .77

Mindanao 13,499,544 300 .90

Total 59,824,768 1,200

7.1 GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS

Gender

Sample Population

Result

Frequency Percent Percent

Male 600 50 50.45

Chi square=.097 Female 600 50 49.55

Total 1200 100.00 100.00

P>.05

Consistent with the

population

Age Group

Sample Population

Result

Frequency Percent Percent

18 – 24 163 13.6 22.0

Chi square=64.81

P<.05

Not consistent with

the population

25 – 34 288 24.0 25.4

35 – 44 286 23.8 20.6

45 – 54 208 17.3 15.4

55 + 255 21.3 16.6

Total 1200 100 100

7.2 SAMPLE REPRESENTATIVENESS

Characteristics of the sampled respondents are listed below to examine whether or not our

sample is representative. Characteristics considered were gender, age, and education level.

(See Appendix for the national characteristics of the national population, based on the

2010 Census)

Gender

Gender Before weighting After weighting

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Male 600 50.0 600 50.0

Female 600 50.0 600 50.0

Total 1200 100.0 1200 100.0

Chi square=.097, p-value>.05, consistent with the population after weighting.

Age Group

Age Group Before weighting After weighting

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

18-24 163 13.6 169 14.0

25-34 288 24.0 288 24.0

35-44 286 23.8 281 23.4

45-54 208 17.3 200 16.7

55 + 255 21.3 262 21.8

Total 1200 100.0 1200 100.0

Chi square=60.78, p-value<.05, not consistent with the population after weighting.

Appendix

1. List of PSU, SSU, and TSU

Area Region PSU

Barangay/Province

SSU

City/Municipality

TSU

Barangay

National

Capital

Region

-- Barangay 16

Barangay 86

Barangay 241

Barangay 355

Barangay 382

Barangay 858

Barangay 649

Barangay 900

Barangay 754

Addition Hills

Malanday

Industrial Valley

Bambang

Pinagbuhatan

Santa Cruz

Baesa

Bahay Toro

Balingasa

Commonwealth

Doa Josefa

Kaligayahan

Krus Na Ligas

Pinyahan

Sauyo

Talayan

Talipapa

Batasan Hills

Holy Spirit

Balong-Bato

Barangay 56

Barangay 60

Barangay 70

Barangay 103

Barangay 163

Barangay 174

Barangay 186

Dampalit

Santolan

North Bay Blvd.,

North

Karuhatan

Maysan

Viente Reales

Elias Aldana

Pulang Lupa Uno

B. F. International

Village

East Rembo

Post Proper Southside

San Isidro

Alabang

Cupang

Sucat

San Dionisio

Moonwalk

San Martin De Porres

Barangay 135

Barangay 155

Tabacalera

Ibayo-Tipas

Maharlika Village

Upper Bicutan

Balance

Luzon Region I Pangasinan San Fabian Nibaliw East

Sagud-Bahley

City of Urdaneta Camanang

Casantaan

Labit Proper

Nancalobasaan

Palina East

Region II+CAR Isabela Angadanan Barangcuag

Baui

Lourdes (El Escao)

Fugaru

Mangandingay

Rancho Bassit

San Isidro

Viga

Region III Bataan Dinalupihan New San Jose

Bulacan Bulacan San Nicolas

Taliptip

San Jose Del Monte Kaypian

Santa Cruz

Francisco

Homes-Narra

Francisco

Homes-Yakal

Graceville

Gumaoc West

Santa Cruz V

San Miguel Pinambaran

Santa Ines

Sibul

Pampanga Mexico Pandacaqui

San Miguel

Region

IV-A-Calabarzon Cavite Bacoor Molino I

Queens Row

Central

Ligas III

Real II

Dasmarias Datu Esmael

(Bago-a-ingud)

Paliparan III

San Antonio De

Padua II

San Lorenzo Ruiz

II

Laguna Bian De La Paz

Malaban

Rizal City of Antipolo Dela Paz (Pob.)

San Isidro (Pob.)

Mambugan

Bagong Nayon

Dalig

San Mateo Silangan

Region V Camarines Norte Labo Anahaw (Pob.)

Kalamunding

(Pob.)

Cabusay

Calabasa

Mabilo II

Malangcao-Basud

Malasugui

Pag-Asa

Talobatib

Region

IV-B-Mimaropa Marinduque Gasan Bachao Ilaya

Bacongbacong

Bognuyan

Pangi

Tiguion

Visayas Region VI Iloilo Oton Galang

San Antonio

Tagbac Sur

Trapiche

Pototan Amamaros

Jamabalud

Fernando Parcon

Ward (Pob.)

Sara Apelo

Bakabak

Villahermosa

Negros Occidental Ilog Andulauan

Dancalan

Barangay II (Pob.)

Murcia Abo-abo

Zone I (Pob.)

Pandanon

Salvacion

Silay City Barangay II (Pob.)

Barangay III (Pob.)

Barangay IV (Pob.)

Barangay VI Pob.

(Hawaiian)

Kapitan Ramon

Lantad

Rizal

Region VII Cebu Badian Tubod

City of Carcar Buenavista

Liburon

Ocana

Perrelos

Poblacion I

City of Naga Central Poblacion

Inoburan

Patag

Uling

Ronda Can-abuhon

San Remigio Busogon

To-ong

Negros Oriental Bayawan (Tulong) Banaybanay

Villasol (Bato)

Nangka

Suba (Pob.)

Dumaguete City Candau-ay

(Capital)

Piapi

Poblacion No. 5

(Barangay 5)

Poblacion No. 8

(Barangay 8)

Taclobo

Region VIII 83700000 Leyte 83718000 Dulag Alegre

Bolongtohan

Camitoc

Fatima

General Roxas

Cambula District

(Pob.)

Candao (Pob.)

Combis (Pob.)

Highway (Pob.)

San Miguel (Pob.)

Serrano (Pob.)

Pastrana Cancaraja

Lanawan

Malitbogay

Mindanao Region IX Zamboanga Del

Norte

Dipolog City

(Capital) Gulayon

Olingan

Barra (Pob.)

Central (Pob.)

Miputak (Pob.)

Santa Filomena

Pres. Manuel A.

Roxas Piamar

Panampalay

Sergio Osmea Sr. Macalibre

Sinai

Region X Misamis Occidental Bonifacio Bolinsong

Buenavista

Ozamis City Bacolod

Diguan

Dimaluna

Lam-an

Litapan

Maningcol

Carmen (Misamis

Annex)

San Antonio

Sangay Daku

Tabid

Region XI Davao Del Sur Bansalan Marber

Davao City Buhangin (Pob.)

Eden

Lubogan

Panacan

Barangay 5-A

(Pob.)

Barangay 20-B

(Pob.)

Barangay 31-D

(Pob.)

Bago Aplaya

Hagonoy Kibuaya

Kiblawan San Jose

Santa Cruz Inawayan

Region XII Sarangani Maasim Amsipit

Bales

Colon

Daliao

Kablacan

Kanalo

Lumasal

Lumatil

Malbang

Poblacion

(Maasim)

Seven Hills

Autonomous

Region in

Muslim

Mindanao

(ARMM)

Sulu Jolo (Capital) Alat

Bus-bus

San Raymundo

Tulay

Walled City (Pob.)

Parang Buton

Lupa Abu

Tikong

Lanao Dakula

Caraga Agusan Del Norte Butuan City

(Capital)

Bading Pob. (Bgy.

22)

Buhangin Pob.

(Bgy. 19)

Imadejas Pob.

(Bgy. 24)

Manila de Bugabus

San Mateo

Kitcharao Sangay

2. Other supplemental information 2.1 Sex Distribution of the Population, 2010

In 000 %

Both Sexes 92,097 100.00

Male 46,459 50.45

Female 45,638 49.55

2.2 Distribution of Population

Both Sexes Males Females

In 000 % In 000 % In 000 %

Total

Population 92,097 100.00 46,459 100.00 45,638 100.00

Under 5 10,231 11.11 5,291 11.39 4,939 10.82

5 - 9 10,317 11.20 5,329 11.47 4,987 10.93

10 - 14 10,168 11.04 5,230 11.26 4,937 10.82

15 - 19 9,676 10.51 4,914 10.58 4,761 10.43

20 - 24 8,370 9.09 4,229 9.10 4,140 9.07

25 - 29 7,390 8.02 3,719 8.01 3,670 8.04

30 - 34 6,744 7.32 3,419 7.36 3,3249 7.29

35 - 39 5,990 6.50 3,037 6.54 2,952 6.47

40 - 44 5,450 5.92 2,761 5.94 2,689 5.89

45 - 49 4,664 5.06 2,354 5.07 2,309 5.06

50 - 54 3,883 4.22 1,945 4.19 1,938 4.25

55 - 59 2,980 3.24 1,470 3.17 1,509 3.31

60 - 64 2,224 2.41 1,061 2.28 1,162 2.55

65 - 69 1,495 1.62 678 1.46 816 1.79

70 - 74 1,140 1.24 491 1.06 649 1.42

75 - 79 705 0.77 285 0.61 420 0.92

80 – 84 393 0.43 145 0.31 247 0.54

85 + 270 0.29 91 0.20 179 0.39

2.3 Years of Schooling of the Population, 2010


In 000 % In 000 % In 000 %

No Grade

Completed 3,309 4.04 1,727 4.20 1,581 3.89

Elementary

undergraduate

and below

22,507 27.49 12,130 29.47 10,377 25.50

Elementary

graduate 9,539 11.65 4,812 11.69 4,726 11.61

High school

undergraduate 11,774 14.38 5,949 14.45 5,825 14.31

High school

graduate 15,676 19.15 7,545 18.33 8,131 19.98

Post secondary

undergraduate 324 0.40 182 0.44 142 0.35

Post secondary

graduate 2,172 2.65 1,136 2.76 1,036 2.55

College

undergraduate 7,708 9.42 3,785 9.19 3,923 9.64

College

graduate 8,291 10.13 3,642 8.85 4,648 11.42

Post

baccalaureate 241 0.29 101 0.25 140 0.34

Not reported 320 0.39 154 0.38 166 0.41

2.4 Employment rate of the population, 2012


In 000 % In 000 % In 000 %

Household Population

15 yrs old and above 63,253 100.00 31,528 100.00 31,726 100.00

LABOR FORCE

Employed - Employed

persons include all

those who, during the

reference period are 15

years and over as of

their last birthday are

reported either at work

or with a job but not at

work.

37,668 59.55 22,962 72.83 14,706 46.35

Unemployed - persons

who, during the

reference period are 15

years old and over as of

their last birthday and

who have no

job/business and are

actively looking for

work.

2,763 4.37 1,715 5.44 1,048 3.30

NOT IN THE LABOR

FORCE 22,822 36.08 6,851 21.73 15,972 50.34

References

De Vaus, D. 2014. Surveys in Social Research. Sydney, NSW; Routledge.

Field, A. 2013. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage Publications.

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and

Reference. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Iarossi, G. 2006. The Power of Survey Design: A User’s Guide for Managing Surveys,

Interpreting Results, and Influencing Respondents. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Stopher, P. 2012. Collecting, Managing, and Assessing Data Using Sample Surveys. New

York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

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