Asia Between the WarsAsia Between the Wars

China, India, and JapanChina, India, and Japan

ChinaChina

Chinese are unhappy with Treaty of Chinese are unhappy with Treaty of Versailles- their land which had been Versailles- their land which had been controlled by Germany was given to controlled by Germany was given to JapanJapan

Reaction to this- May 4Reaction to this- May 4thth movement- movement- led by student protesters who led by student protesters who oppose traditional Chinese waysoppose traditional Chinese ways

Mao and the Communist Mao and the Communist ChineseChinese Jiang Jieshi (aka Chiang Kai-Jiang Jieshi (aka Chiang Kai-

Shek) , leader of Shek) , leader of Guomindang, trying to Guomindang, trying to solidify control over Chinese solidify control over Chinese governmentgovernment

He makes temporary He makes temporary alliance with Chinese alliance with Chinese Communists to achieve this Communists to achieve this goalgoal

After this, Jiang turns After this, Jiang turns against Communists- Mao against Communists- Mao Zedong emerges as leaderZedong emerges as leader

The Long March- forced The Long March- forced flight of Communists into flight of Communists into Western ChinaWestern China

Rise of Indian NationalismRise of Indian Nationalism

India expects Britain to allow them India expects Britain to allow them more self-government after WWI but more self-government after WWI but this does not occurthis does not occur

Britain passes Rowlatt Acts to Britain passes Rowlatt Acts to repress Indian dissentrepress Indian dissent

Indian citizens demonstrate against Indian citizens demonstrate against these laws- British army kill 400 these laws- British army kill 400 people in Armritsar Massacrepeople in Armritsar Massacre

Gandhi and Movement of Gandhi and Movement of IndependenceIndependence

Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Mohandas Gandhi, Indian lawyer, becomes leader of lawyer, becomes leader of Independence movementIndependence movement

Two major tactics- ahimsa Two major tactics- ahimsa (nonviolent methods of (nonviolent methods of protest) and civil protest) and civil disobedience (refusal to disobedience (refusal to obey unjust laws)obey unjust laws)

Boycotts of British Boycotts of British products and Salt March products and Salt March become rallying points for become rallying points for Indian nationalismIndian nationalism

The Salt March

Japan and ImperialismJapan and Imperialism

1920’s- Japan has economic 1920’s- Japan has economic problems and social upheavalproblems and social upheaval

Western limitations against Japanese Western limitations against Japanese Navy and American limits on Navy and American limits on Japanese immigration cause rise in Japanese immigration cause rise in nationalismnationalism

Result is a new spirit of militarism- Result is a new spirit of militarism- strengthening of military and search strengthening of military and search for colonies to fuel military growthfor colonies to fuel military growth

Manchurian Incident and Manchurian Incident and Growth of power and InfluenceGrowth of power and Influence

Japanese military leaders engineer conquest of Japanese military leaders engineer conquest of Manchuria (NE China) against the desire of the Manchuria (NE China) against the desire of the civilian governmentcivilian government

They set up a puppet government called ManchukuoThey set up a puppet government called Manchukuo Japan forms alliance with Germany called Anti- Japan forms alliance with Germany called Anti-

Cominterm Pact (designed to protect against rise of Cominterm Pact (designed to protect against rise of Communism)Communism)

Japan also engages in War with China- more than Japan also engages in War with China- more than 100,000 Chinese killed in Nanjing Massacre100,000 Chinese killed in Nanjing Massacre

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- Japan Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- Japan attempts to build Asian empire- West becomes attempts to build Asian empire- West becomes alarmedalarmed