ASHRAE/IES 90.1, The IECC, The Codes, The Law…and then Reality

Robert Halverson, PE, LEED AP Director of Engineering Design, F&S, University of Illinois

Carla R. Bukalski, PE, LC, LEED AP Specification Regional Sales Manager, Eaton Lighting Solutions

Learning Objectives

• Understand requirements of today’s energy codes

• Recognize the differences between ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC,

• Learn how to effectively evaluate current technologies to maximize energy efficiency in lighting and HVAC

• Understand good controls design practices for cost effective implementation in institutions

• Identify potential consequences of implementation.

Agenda of This Session

• Learn the technical, but think the implementation. • First Costs • Operational Concerns • Maintenance Needs

• Set stage and the vernacular for the Round-table to follow.

Complexity of Implementation

• Stakeholders • Impact of Design Decisions • Scope of Applicability • Intentionality • Unintended Consequences

How are energy codes affecting energy use in buildings?

Efficiency progress of individual building components since 1975

2013 2010

Market transformation

Lighting example

10% energy is light 1900’s

$

30% energy is light 1940’s

$$

50% energy is light 2007+ $$$

What drives the installation of energy efficient lighting that costs more?

Market transformation

Lighting controls example

Manual / mechanical 1980’s

$

Sensor / relay 2000’s

$$

Integrated 2015+ $$$

Why would a building owner use sensors that require commissioning / maintenance?

Standards are transitioning

• Targeting Demand(kW) Targeting kWh • Focus on LPD Focus on controls

• Focus on controls really began in the standards at the beginning of this decade

• Adoption in the last year +

Codes are recognizing the opportunity to use natural light and vacancy “The most efficient light????.... Off!”

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 Standard developed by three organizations

• Most current version 2013 (2016 coming soon!)

• Many states have adopted 2010 (or equivalent)

• 3 year publication cycle with continuous maintenance

• 2016 will be available electronically on October 20, 2016

IECC International Energy Conservation Code • Many states have adopted 2012 version • 2015 was published September 2014

• Has been adopted by Illinois, Maryland, and a handful of other states

• ASHRAE 90.1 is an alternate compliance path

2012 adds “conservation of energy over the useful life of the building” to the intent of the IECC – going beyond just the “effective use of energy”

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Section 8 – Power: Receptacle Control

• Requires that 50% of receptacles in a space have automatic shutoff control

• At least 25% of branch circuit feeders installed for modular furniture not shown on the construction documents • Requires automatic control using:

• Time-of-day schedule • Occupancy sensor or • Other automatic control based on occupancy

• Exceptions: • Spaces where automatic shutoff would

be a safety/security issue • Spaces where all loads require 24 hour

operation

Alterations Requirements

• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 • Both interior and exterior alterations must comply with

Power Density Limits and controls requirements • Includes retrofits where luminaires are added, replaced or

removed • Also includes lamp plus ballast retrofits • Alterations of less than 10% of a space’s connected lighting

load are exempted • Alterations do NOT include routine maintenance or repairs

• IECC – 2015 • Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires

in a space, provided these alterations do not increase the installed interior lighting power, are exempt

• For new lighting systems, alterations that replace less than 10% of the luminaires are exempt

Compliance Path / Calculation Methods

• Building Area • Much simpler method • Determine gross lighted

floor area for each area type

• Multiply by appropriate LPD

• Interior LPD= Sum of LPDs for various areas of the building

• Trade-offs among areas permitted

• Space-by-Space • More flexibility • Each ‘space’ must be

enclosed (partitions 80% of height), and can be broken into smaller pieces

• Area calculated to the centerline of the wall (interior) or outside surface (exterior), Include balconies and projections

• Allows for additional interior lighting power and RCR correction (ASHRAE)

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Room Geometry Adjustment

Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for unusual spaces • Added in 2010 • Used only with the space-by-space method • Calculate Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for room • If greater than listed RCR threshold type, a 20% increase in

LPD for that space is allowed • For corridor/transition spaces, the increase is allowed for

spaces with widths less than 8 feet, regardless of RCR

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Room Geometry Adjustment

RCR = 2.5 x Room Cavity Height x Room Perimeter Length / Room Area

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: LPD table – more about this later

Daylight Control • Building Envelope section contains minimum

requirements for both Skylight and vertical fenestration • Require automatic daylight responsive controls within primary

daylighted areas • Required documentation of luminaires within daylight areas

Documentation Requirements

• IECC – 2015 (408.3.2) • The construction documents shall specify that documents certifying

that installed lighting controls meet documented performance criteria of Section C405 are to be provided to the building owner within 90 days from the date of the receipt of the certificate of occupancy

• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 (Daylighting) • The design documents shall identify all luminaires for general lighting

that are located within daylight areas under skylights, daylight areas under roof monitors as well as primary sidelighted areas and secondary sidelighted areas

Lighting Control for Toplighting

• Requires control of electric lighting when toplighting daylight is available

• Spaces with more than 150W of general lighting within a toplight daylight zone • Control is required within each daylight zone for the general lighting in the zone

• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013

• Control must be multi-level photocontrol • At least two output levels at 20% - 40% and 50% - 70% OR • Continuous dimming

• IECC – 2015

• Daylight responsive controls shall be capable of a complete shutoff of all controlled lights

• Lights must dim continuously from full light output to 15% • Offices, classrooms, laboratories and library reading rooms

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013: “Daylight Area Under Skylights”

Side View

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013: “Daylight Area Under Skylights”

Top View

IECC - 2015: Toplight Daylight Zone

Lighting Control for Sidelighting

• Requires control of electric lighting when sidelighting daylight is available

• Spaces with a total of more than 150W of general lighting within a sidelight daylight zone • Control is required within each daylight zone for the general lighting in the zone

• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013

• Control is also required in any space where the combined input power in primary and secondary sidelighted areas is 300W or greater

• At least two output levels at 20% - 40% and 50% - 70% OR • Continuous dimming

• IECC – 2015

• Lights in sidelight daylight zones facing different cardinal orientations shall be controlled independently

• Exception – Lighting up to 150W in different cardinal orientations may be controlled together • Daylight responsive controls shall be capable of a complete shutoff of all

controlled lights • Lights must dim continuously from full light output to 15%

• Offices, classrooms, laboratories and library reading rooms

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013: “Primary & Secondary Sidelighted Areas”

Side View

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013: “Primary & Secondary Sidelighted Areas”

Top View

IECC - 2015: Sidelight Daylight Zone

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: 9.4 Mandatory Provisions

• Table 9.6.1 (LPD table) now calls out minimum control requirements by room type and size

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Interior Lighting Controls • Table 9.6.1, LPD Table with controls requirements

• More detailed space type breakdowns • For each space type, all lighting control functions

indicated shall be implemented. • “REQ” within a control type column signifies mandatory

requirement • “ADD1” within a column – at least one of these functions

shall be implemented • “ADD2” within a column – at least one of these functions

shall also be implemented • For space types not listed, select a reasonably equivalent

type. • If using the Space-by-Space Method, the same space type

must be used to determine both the control requirements and the LPD.

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: LPD Table

**7 pages!!

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: LPD Table example

*Example for Atrium space

Classroom Controls: Best Practices How did it get so complicated?

General Ltg 1

White Board

Emergency Relay

Daylight 1

Daylight 2

Dimming zone 3

General Ltg 2

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Stairwell Control

• Local Control • Bi-Level Lighting Control • Automatic Daylighting Control Sidelighting (as applicable) • Automatic Daylighting Control Toplighting (as applicable) • Automatic Partial OFF (after 20 minutes)

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013: Parking Garage Control

• Parking garage lighting must be automatically controlled including daylighting • Reduce lighting power by 30% or more when no occupancy

detected in a lighting zone (<3,600 sf) for 20 mins. • Daylighting transition zone lighting (66’ wide by 50’) must be

separately controlled for eye adaptation (auto ON at daylight, 50% reduction from sunset to sunrise)

• Daylight control required for lights within 20’ of perimeter wall with net opening to wall ratio of 40%

• Exceptions apply

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013: Parking Garage Control

Exterior Lighting Control

• Requires specific daylight and building operation lighting controls for exterior

• Lighting must be automatically turned off during daylight

• ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013 • Building façade/landscape lighting must be off from latest of midnight or 1

hour after closing to earliest of 6am or opening • Other lighting including advertising signage, shall be automatically reduced by

at least 30% either after-hours OR when area is unoccupied for 15 mins.

• IECC – 2015 • Reduce connected lighting power by at least 30% from not later than midnight

to 6am, or one hour after business closing to one hour prior to opening when no activity is detected for longer than 15 minutes

• Exceptions include: • Directional and Marker lighting • Advertising or directional

signage • Theatrical purposes • Lighting for public

monuments and historic landmarks

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 & IECC-2015: Exterior Lighting Zones

• The existing set of exterior power limits is zone based • The expansion follows the IES development work on Model Lighting

Ordinance (MLO)

Exterior Power Allowance (partial list) ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 & IECC – 2015

Benefits of control systems – beyond energy savings

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Additional Power Allowances

• If all mandatory control requirements are met AND advanced controls are installed (as identified in table 9.6.3), THEN additional limited lighting power is allowed • Provided all mandatory controls are used • Additional power can be used anywhere in the building • Additional Interior Lighting Power is calculated as:

Total Lighting Power Under Control x Control Factor

Example: 40,000kW of classroom space with programmable multi-level dimming

40,000 x .10 = 4000 additional watts

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Control Factors for Advanced Controls

IECC - 2015: Additional Efficiency Package Options (406)

• Building shall comply with at least one of the following: • More efficient HVAC performance • Reduced lighting power density

• Use 90% of the lighting power values specified in table C405.4.2(1)

• Enhanced lighting controls • Luminaires capable of continuous dimming • Individually addressable luminaires • Not more than eight luminaires in a single daylight zone • Digital control system • Sequence of operation included in construction documents • Functional testing

• On-site renewable energy • Dedicated outdoor air system for certain HVAC equipment • High-efficiency service water heating

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Functional Testing of Controls

• Functional testing (calibrated, adjusted, programmed) for lighting controls • Occupant Sensors - Certify location and aiming, testing for each unique

combination of senor type and space • Automatic Time Switches – Confirm and document programming,

verify time/date/battery back-up, simulation of occupied and unoccupied conditions

• Daylight Controls – Confirm location, calibration, set-points and threshold light levels; lighting adjusts appropriately in response to available daylight

• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 • Must be performed by individuals NOT involved in design,

manufacture, or installation • IECC – 2015

• The registered design professional shall provide evidence that the lighting control systems have been tested to ensure calibration and performance in accordance with the construction documents

HVAC Controls Integration • Occupancy Sensors – 2 or 1?

• Division of Labor and Responsibilities. • Troubleshooting • Integration • Electrical Division take lead, with relay to HVAC? • Manual on?

• Occupant Training and Acceptance • Vacancy Sensor vs Occupancy Sensor • Occupied Mode for HVAC, but lights off for Occupant as choice

Energy Code Adoption Map (last updated 8/10/2016)

Future Standards

• Existing integration process of the IgCC and ASHRAE 189.1.

• It appears, once this is finalized, there will likely be a similar effort with the IECC and 90.1.

• This integration means 189.1/90.1 will become the technical section of the IgCC/IECC, therefore, the lighting requirements will follow that of ASHRAE/IES 189.1 and 90.1.

Enforcement / Compliance • Who is your AHJ? • What are you doing?

• New Construction • Major Renovation • Minor Renovation

• Who is designing the systems? • PSC’s – How do you integrate across disciplines? • In-House Design Groups – adherence? • Maintenance • Accuracy of Life Cycle Costs • Energy Savings vs. operational costs

Is a Revolution in order?

• Standards development needs participation of folks like us! • Those that must implement and maintain. • Shed some light on What Is the right thing to do

• Work towards solutions that protect the licenses of those who must design it and follow the law?

• How do we ensure we are Stewarding our Resources in the right manner?

Round Table Topics

• Who is enforcing all of this? • 50% Outlet Control – best practices • How much more does it all cost? • Documentation best practices • Who gets to choose IECC vs ASHRAE

Join us for the Round Table Discussion !!

Round Table

• Who is enforcing all of this? • 50% Outlet Control – best practices • How much more does it all cost? • Documentation best practices • Who gets to choose IECC vs ASHRAE