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What is Safety ?

Safety is a way to prevent man & material & surrounding Area , out

area out of danger & hazard it is continues thinking process , if is

good business , it is an integral part any industry.

Safety is a freedom from unacceptable risk of harm injury property

damage & some kind loses.

S ----------------- Search The ‘hazard

A -------------- Analysis The Hazard

F -------------- Find the Cause

E -------------- Eliminate The Hazard

T -------------- Tell To Other

Y ------------- yeomen Job , your Responsibility

Hazard :- a) Hazard is an anything Existing Potential at a job

Site Which why it safe With Other Factor Is capable processing

Adverse Effect on a health That is called hazard .

Hazard :- b) Any source or situation which potentially to

Cause Harm injury Property damage & some kinds losses . That

is the hazard.

There are four type of Hazard.

Such as,

a) Physical Hazard

b) Biological Hazard.

c) Chemical Hazard

d) Ergonomically Hazard

Physical Hazard: - Anything which basically always I found at

site. such as slip trip fall, Environmental hazard, Electrical

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Hazard , Mechanical Hazard , Falling Hazard , Fire & Explosion ,

Gas leakage,Hit by Any Object.

Biological Hazard:- A Hazard which We found in Particular job

like , Working in Forest Area , Snake , In Pipe line , pit , Water

Tank in Bacteria, Fundi , viru s.

Chemical Hazard: - A hazard which is Created from Chemical

That is Chemical Hazard just like a, H2SO4 Sulphuric Acid ,

Ammonia NH3 , Piousness Gas Etc.

Ergonomically Hazard :- Back pain due to Manual Material

Handling , Eye Damage while welding job, ( Health Effect Due to

UV rays , Radiation Hazard, Deepness, Loss of mechanism , Fall

of Hear , Health Diesis due to silicon Dust , silicosis diesis ,

Tuberculosis, Cancer

Risk : In Probability Of The realization of Potential for loss or

Damage or Injury. That is called Risk.

Risk: - Risk is Combination of Likelihood & Consequence.

For Example (R = L *C

Accident - Accident is an unwanted Event Not a Necessary

injurious or Damaging Event but that interrupt the compression

of work & it prepared by Unsafe Action & Unsafe Condition or

There Combination

Incident – It is an Event Which Represent Divination from the

intended sequence of designed step.

Chance – The probability of unsent outcome some event If may

be good, If may be bad.

Near Miss – A potential Hazard, Which not yet caused an

accident or an Occurrence That Did not result in but Have the

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Potential to Result in undesirable consequence to personal

illness / Injury & Damage/ Loss or to The Likelihood &

community.

Danger occurrence: - Any occurrence which serious Nature,

Because of That possibility of knowing a live or lot of Property

damage That is called Danger occurrence.

Minor injury: - If any injury period which Recover Within 48 hour,

that is minor injury.

Major injury:- If any injury period which not Recover Even after

48 hour ( 2 day ) called major injury.

Fatal; - If any person Expire Due to injury in Accident is called

Fatal.

IOD (Injury on duty):- Any injury which happened outside the

company with the employee, that is called IOD .

IOW- (Injury on work):- Any injury which happened inside the

company with the employee, that is called IOW .

Risk Assessment: - Risk Assessment is carefully Examination of

that work, could cause to worker, so we can take enough

precautions & we should more and more prevent to harm.

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Unsafe Action & Unsafe

Conditions with Example.

Unsafe Act: - performance of a task or other Activity that is

a conducted in a manner that may threaten the health and /

or safety workers. For example,

Lack of improper use of PPE.

Failure to Lockout/ Tag out

Operating Equipment at unsafe speed.

Failure to warn people in the area of work activity.

Bypass or removal of safety devices.

Using defective equipment.

Use of tools for other than their intended purpose.

Working in hazardous locations without adequate protection

or warning.

Improper repair of equipment.

Horseplay.

Unsafe Condition - A condition in the work place that is likely

to cause property damage or injury. For example:

Defective tools, equipment, or supplies.

Inadequate supports or guards.

Inadequate warning systems.

Fire and explosion hazards.

Poor housekeeping.

Uneven walking surfaces.

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Excessive noise.

Poor ventilation

Safety Program

{Accident control system, 5E Mythology by OSHA}

We can control accident by five steppes, Such as

Engineering

Education

Enforcement

Enthusiasm

Evaluation

Engineering

Proper Plant layout & Design.

Proper Guarding & machinery.

Standard PPE.

Standard machine & properly tools & Tackles.

Safe workplace & proper Working Environment.

Education

Safety training

Awareness of hazard

Safe Working Procedure

Effective Training{ Legal Documents such as SOP, JHA,HIRA }

Dally TBT Training

Enforcement

Enforcement of Factory Act & Rules

Safety Inspection { 2 types Internal & external }

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Safety Audit

Safety survey

Corrective Action Preventive Action { CAPA }

Evaluation

Evaluation Program is Exercised aiming improvement in commenting Safe

work Procedure for better Performance.

Enthusiasm

It is a program that can be developed and maintained among work force by

proper worker group competition.

Why person commit unsafe act?

Lack of knowledge.

a) Knowledge of Hazard.

b) Knowledge of safe work procedure

Over Confidence.

Don’t satisfaction.

a) Dislike working Procedure

b) Dislike working Environment

c) Dislike in charge

Improper motivation.

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a) No motivation

b) Negative motivation

Personal problem.

a) Health problem

b) Family problem

c) No ability to adjust

d) Fatigue & Boredom

Why every concern needs safety?

Because Safety management is to reduce unsafe act & unsafe condition to a level, where the probability of a serious injury/ accident approaches zero.

Benefit of Safety management..

Reduce work place injury & illness

Reduce cost of production.

Increase confidence & moral.

Increased productivities.

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Reduce absenteeism.

Positive Response between worker union & Management.

Positive Response from customer.

Better position in labours market.

Better public relation

Regulatory compliance

Heinrich triangle (or Safety Triangle)

Herbert Heinrich showed that for every accident resulting in a fatality or

major disabling injury, there are approximately 300 unsafe incidents. The

take-home message is that by reducing the number of near-misses you also

reduce the chance of the fatality occurring, because you have lowered

frequency of at-risk behaviours.

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HEINRICH TRIANGLE RATIO 300 : 29 : 1

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SAFETY ABBREVIATIONS

1 - HSE - Health Safety Executive

2 - PPE - Personal Protective Equipment

3 - ANSI - American National Standard Institute

4 - NFPA - National Fire Protection Association

5 - OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

6 - IOSH - International Occupational Safety and Health

7 - NEBOSH - National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and

Health

8 - ISO - International Standard Organization

9 - PM - Particulate Matter

10 - AIES - All Institute of Engineering and Safety

11 - AISE - Advance Institute of Safety Engineering

12 - OSHAS - Occupational Safety and Health Assessment Series

13 - OH & SMS - Occupational Health and Safety Management System

14 - CFR - Code of Federal Regulation

15 - APR - Air Purifying Respirator

16 - ASR - Air Supplying Respirator

17 - SCBA - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

18 - SCUBA - Self Contained Under Water Breathing the Apparatus

19 - PFAS - Personal Fall Arrest System

20 - 126- LAZ- Limited Access Zone.

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21 – CSMS – Contractor Safety Management System

20 - P - Pull the Pin

A - Aim Base of the Fire

S - Square the Trigger

S - Swipe Side by Side

21 - R - Rescue

A - Alarm

C - Confined

E - Extinguished

22 - DCP - Dry Chemical Powder

23 - CO2 - Carbon Dioxide

24 - LPG - Liquid Petroleum Gas

25 - LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas

26 - FFE - Fire Fighting Equipment

27 - WSC - World Safety Council

28 - FEE - Fire Extinguisher Equipment

29 - CNG - Compressed Natural Gas

30 - AFFF - Aqueous Film Forming Foam

31 - GFCI - Ground Fault Circuit Instructor

32 - CS - Confined Space

33 - ELCB - Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

34 - MCB - Minimise Circuit Breaker

35 - NSC - National Safety Council

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36 - NACO - National AIDS Control Organization

37 - SOP - Safe Operating Procedure

38 - HAZCOM - Hazardous Communication

39 - RPE - Respiratory Protective Equipment

40 - HAZOP - Hazardous Operability

41 - FSC - Fire Safety Co-ordination

42 - H2S - Hydrogen Sulphide

43 - SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide

44 - IDLH - Immediately Danger to Life and Health

45 - STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit

46 - LEL - Lower Explosive Limit

47 - PEL - Permissible Explosive Limit

48 - UEL - Upper Explosive Limit

49 - OEL - Occupational Explosive Limit

50 - HAZWOPER - Hazardous Waste Operability and Emergency

Recovery

51 - CPR - Cardio Pulmonary Respiration

52 - PPM - Part Per Million

53 - TLV - Threshold Limit Value

54 - SWP - Safety Work Permit

55 - PTW - Permit to Work

56 - ECO - Echo Control Officer

57 - WDO - Waste Disposal Officer

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58 - ALARP - As Low As Reasonably Practical

59 - HWP - Hard Work Permit

60 - CWP - Cold Work Permit

61 - VEWP - Vehicle Entry Work Permit

62 - EIWP - Electrical Isolation Work Permit

63 - BP - Blanket Permit

64 - EMS - Emergency Management System

65 - EP - Excavation Permit

66 - LWP - Lifting Work Permit

67 - SWP - Safety Working Process

68 - SWL - Safe Working Load

69 - EHO - Environment Health Officer

70 - FPS - fall protection System

71 - FPR - Fall Protection Required

72 - WRS - Wire Rope Sling

73 - SWS - Synthetic Web Sling

74 - SLC - Sling Load Capacity

75 - SLI - Safe Load Indicator

76 - LOTO - Lock Out and Tag Out

77 - HIRA - Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

78 - JSA - Job Safety Analysis

79 - JHA - Job Hazard Analysis

80 - JRA - Job Risk Analysis

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81 - WPA - Work Permit Authorization

82 - WPC - Work Permit Control

83 - GK - Gas Kit

84 - GM - Gas Monitor

85 - PH - Potential Hazard

86 - TPI - Third Party Inspections

87 - ACB - Air Circuit Breaker

88 - ZAP - Zero Accident Performance

89 - WMITAB - Waste Management Industry Training Advisory Board

90 - MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

91 - AEP - Authorized Electrical Person

92 - STP - Sewage Treatment Plant

93 - WPA - Work Permit Application

94 - NBC - National Building Code

95 - PRC - Preparation Reinstatement Certificate

96 - BLEVE - Boiling Liquid Expending Vapour Explosion

97 - COSHH - Control of Substance Hazardous to Heat

98 - LTFR - Lost Time Frequency Rate

99 - LMRA - Last Minute Risk Assessment

100 - CAZ - Control Access Zone

101 - WPV - Work Permit Validity

102 - EWO - Engineering Work Order

103 - PPD - Partial Permanent De escalation

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104 - LOAC - Limitation of Excess Certificate

105 - ERP - Emergency Rescue Plan

106 - FAC - First Aid Case

107 - TBT - Tool Box Talk

108 - ABC - Airways Breathing Circulation

109 - AED - Automated External Defibrillator

110 - MOC - Mode of Change

111 - AGT - Authorized Gas Tester

112 - LTA - Lost Time Accident

113 - AC - Actual Current

114 - DC - Direct Current

115 - APW - Air Pressurized Water

116 - UA - Unsafe Act

117 - UC - Unsafe Condition

118 - UG - Under Ground

119 - HML - High Medium Low

120 - IGC - International General Certification

121 - SSP - Side Safety Plan

122 - STA - Safety Task Assignment

123 - TSTI - Total Safety Task Instruction

124- PTW- Permit To Work

125- LAP- Limited Access Permit

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COMPETYENT PERSON

By NEBOSH

By OSHA

Knowledge

Capable of identifying

existing hazard.

Skill Capable of identifying

predicable hazard.

Ability Has authorisation to

eliminate hazard.

Training

Education

Experience

Authority

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DEFINITIOIN

For Kuwait {about oil & gas industry}

What is %LEL / %UEL / PID

Lower & Upper Explosive Limits for Flammable

Gases & Vapours

Before a fire or explosion can occur, three conditions must be met

simultaneously.

A fuel (. combustible gas) and oxygen (air) must exist in certain proportions,

along with an ig

nation source, such as a spark or flame. The ratio of fuel and oxygen that is

required varies with each combustible gas or vapour.

LEL The minimum concentration of a particular combustible gas

or vapour necessary to support its combustion in air is defined

as the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) for that gas. Below this level,

the mixture is too "lean" to burn.

UEL - The maximum concentration of a gas or vapour that will

burn in air is defined as the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). Above

this level, the mixture is too "rich" to burn. The range between

the LEL and UEL is known as the flammable range for that gas

or vapour.

Methane - LEL: 5% by volume in Air / UEL: 17% by volume in Air

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Visual example to show where on the scale % of LEL is measured

Lower and Upper Explosive Limits

The values shown in the table below are valid only for the conditions under which they

were determined (usually room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a 2 inch tube

with spark ignition). The flammability range of most materials expands as temperature,

pressure and container diameter increase. All concentrations in present by volume

.

Gas LEL UEL

Acetone 2.6 13

Acetylene 2.5 100

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Acrylonitrile 3 17

Allene 1.5 11.5

Ammonia 15 28

Benzene 1.3 7.9

1.3-Butadiene 2 12

Butane 1.8 8.4

Gas LEL UEL

Heptane 1.1 6.7

Hexane 1.2 7.4

Hydrogen 4 75

Hydrogen Cyanide 5.6 40

Hydrogen Sulphide 4 44

Isobutene 1.8 8.4

TLV - Threshold limit value is the maximum concentration of a

toxic material which the workman can treatable for 8 hour a day while

working in the contaminate environment.

Safeopedia explains Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

Three types of TLVs for chemical substances are defined: Threshold

Limit Value - Time Weighted

Average (TLV-TWA) is the average exposure on the basis of a

8h/day, 40h/week work schedule.

Threshold Limit Value - Short-Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)

is the spot exposure for duration of 15 minutes that cannot be

repeated more than 4 times per day.

Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling Limit (TLV-C) is the absolute

exposure limit that should not be exceeded at any time

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TLV is a guideline and not a legal standard. It is determined on the

basis of the available data and is revised annually. Only the

specialists can interpret these values

There are other types of "Acceptable Exposure" Limits, such as:

Occupational Exposure Limits

Provisional Exposure Limits

Voluntary (Recommended) Exposure Limits

Regulatory Occupational Exposure Limits etc.

Related Articles

"

Understanding Threshold Limit Value: What TLVs Mean and How They Help You Keep Workers

Safe

"

10 Tips for Managing a Digital EHS Program

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How to Use Standard Work Instructions to Improve Workplace Safety

Related Questions

What Is the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for Asbestos?

Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH)

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Definition - What does Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) mean?

Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH) is the exposure to the airborne contaminants which can cause death, delayed or immediate permanent adverse effects on health of an individual, or prevent the escape from such environment. It is also defined as an atmosphere which causes an immediate threat to life, or which can cause various irreversible hazardous health effects or impair the ability of a person to escape from the dangerous atmosphere. The values of IDLH are typically used to guide a selection of breathing tools which are kept available to the fire-fighters or workers, in particular, situations.

PPE

{PERSONOL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT}

PPE – PPE is stand for personal protective equipment .

There are also known as safety applience . PPE is can’t

remove the hazard it is only for reduce the sevirty of

hazard .

There are two types of PPE

Respiratory PPE

Non- Respiratory PPE

PPE

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Respiratory PPE Non-Respiratory PPE

O2 Type Non – o2 Type

Non – Respiratory PPE

Helmet

Ear-Plug

Goggles

Nose mask

Full face shield

Safety Jacket

Hand- Gloves

Safety Shoes

Respiratory PPE

O2 Type

SCABA

SCUBA

SCBA

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ELBA

ABCD DEVICE

AIR BLOWER

CANISTER TYPE

Non- O2

Dust- mask

Fume – mask

Smoke – mask

HEAD PROTECTION

Safety Helmet.

Why is Head Protection Important?

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• In and around your head are:

• Your eyes, with which you see

• Your ears, with which you hear

• Your nose, with which you smell

• Your mouth, with which you eat and speak

• Your brain, with which you think

• Injuries to the head are very serious. For this reason, head

protection and safety are very important.

Types of Head hazards

Impact

Electric shock

Drips

Potential Incidences of Head Hazards

Impact

• Falling or flying objects

• falling or walking into hard objects

• Injuries include neck sprains, concussions, and skull fractures

Electric Shock

• Live exposed electric wires

• Injuries include electrical shocks and burns

Drips

• Toxic liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can irritate

and burn the head/scalp.

Elimination or Control of Hazards

• Safe Work Practices

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• Grounded equipment/shock resistant tools

• Signs posted warning of hazards

Proper use and care of Helmet.

• Always wear your hard hat while you are working in areas where

there are potential head hazards

• Adjust the suspension inside your hard hat so that the hat sits

comfortably, but securely on your head

• Inspect the shell of your hard hat for cracks, gouges, and dents.

Inspect the suspension system for frayed or broken straps. If your

hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired immediately or ask

your employer for a new one

• Place plastic (non-metal) reflective tape on hat if working at night

• Never paint, scratch or drill "air holes" in your hard hat

• Never carry personal belongings such as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard hat

Care and Maintenance of Helmet.

• Clean your hard hat at least once a month by soaking it in a solution of mild soap and hot water for 5-10 minutes

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• Because sunlight and heat can damage the suspension of your hat, always store your hat in a clean, dry, and cool location.

Eye and Face Protection

Why Eye and Face Protection is Important?

Safety Goggles Full face shield

Thousands of people are blinded each year from work related eye

injuries. Injuries that could have been prevented, if only people would

have used eye or face protection.

Types of eye/face hazards

Impact

Heat

Chemicals

Dust

Light and/or Radiation

Potential Incidences of Eye/Face Hazards Object

Striking Eyes

• Dusts, Powders, Fumes, and Mists

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• Small particles of matter can enter your eyes and damage them.

Operations such as grinding, chiselling, sanding, hammering, and

spraying can create small airborne particles Contact with Chemicals

• Toxic Gases, Vapours, and Liquids

• Toxic chemicals in the form of gases, vapours, and liquids can

damage your eyes. Always read the appropriate MSDS before working

with any hazardous material.

• Always check with your supervisor or safety manager to learn the

type of eye or face protection you will need to use in order to work

safely.

Potential Incidences of Eye/Face Hazards Swinging Objects

• Large objects such as: 1. swinging chains, cables and ropes; 2.

tools that are thrown or fall; Thermal and Radiation Hazards

• Operations such as welding, metal cutting, and working around

furnaces can expose your eyes to heat, glare, ultraviolet, and infrared

radiation

Types of Safety Goggles.

Hot work Goggles Regular Goggles

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For extremely hot or Gas cuter Goggles (Hazardous Area)

Welding full face shield under water Goggles

Safety Glasses • Much stronger and more resistant to impact and heat than regular glasses • equipped with side shields that give you protection from hazards that may not be directly in front of you

• Safety glasses should be Z-87 approved to meet OSHA regulations • Should fit comfortable on face through all job tasks. Ensure that glasses are not too big or too tight • Limitation • Does not seal around eyes, could allow small droplets to come

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Regular glasses or sunglasses are not appropriate SAFETY

GLASSES

Goggles • surround the eye area, they give you more protection in situations where you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapours, powders, dusts, and mists • must indicate that they are chemical splash goggles to be worn for that purpose

Limitation • Uncomfortable to wear with other head gear like helmet, ear muffs or respirator

Face protection

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Face protection while work

• Face Shields

a. full face protection b. used around operations which expose you to molten metal

chemical splashes, or flying particles

c. Can be used simultaneously as a hard hat

Small particles of

matter can enter your

eyes and damage them.

Operations such as

grinding, chiselling,

sanding, hammering,

and spraying can create

small airborne particles

Contact with Chemicals

Always check with your

supervisor or safety

manager to learn the

type of eye or face

protection you will need

to use in order to work

safely.

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d. Face shield used by an employee working with molten metal

e. The molten metal bubbled and burst onto the face shield of the

employee

f. The employee did not receive any injuries from the incident

Limitations

• Are not considered eye protection, will need to wear goggles or

glasses underneath

• Can fog up if working in poorly ventilated area

• Welding Helmets

• provide both face and eye protection

• use special absorptive lenses that filter the intense light and radiant

energy that is produced during welding operations

Limitations

• Heavy and hot, fog up

• Must wear safety glasses or goggles underneath helmet

Care of Eye Protection Equipment

• Clean your eye protection equipment. You can usually use mild

soap and water

• Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth towels

• Keep PPE in good working condition

• If damaged, replace as soon as possible

• Store your eye protection equipment in a sanitary, cool, dry area

away from moisture

• Read the manufacturer's directions and warnings before using any

eye protection equipment

• If you have any questions concerning your eye protection

equipment, talk with your

supervisor or safety manager

Ear protection

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Ear protection while work Ear plug

What about Decibels?

Intensity of sound is measured in decibels (dB). The scale runs from

the faintest sound the human ear can detect, which is labelled 0 dB, to

over 180 dB, the noise at a rocket pad during launch. Decibels are

measured logarithmically. This means that as decibel intensity

increases by units of 10, each increase is 10 times the lower figure.

Thus, 20 decibels is 10 times the intensity of 10 decibels, and 30

decibels is 100 times as intense as 10 decibels.

SI unit of sound D.B – [Decibel]

90 db = 8 Hour

92 db = 6 Hour

95 db = 4 Hour

97 db = 3 Hour

100 db = 2 Hour

102 db = 1.5 Hour

105 db = 1 Hour

107 db = 75 minute

110 db = 50 minute

115 db = 25 minute

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Many experts agree that continual exposure to more

than 85 decibels is dangerous.

What Are the Laws for on-the-Job Exposure?

Approx.

decibel

level

Example

0 Faintest sound heard by human ear.

30 Whisper, quiet library.

60 Normal conversation, sewing

machine, typewriter.

90 Lawnmower, shop tools, truck

traffic; 8 hours per day is the

maximum exposure to protect 90%

of people

100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill,

snowmobile; 2 hours per day is the

maximum exposure without

protection.

115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert,

auto horn; 15 minutes per day is the

maximum exposure without

protection.

140 Gun muzzle blast, jet engine; noise

causes pain and even brief

exposure injures unprotected ears.

Maximum allowed noise with

hearing protectors.

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• Habitual exposure to noise above 85 dB will cause a gradual

hearing loss in a significant number of individuals, and louder

noises will accelerate this damage.

• For unprotected ears, the allowed exposure time decreases by

one-half for each 5 dB increase in the average noise level. For

instance, exposure is limited to 8 hours at 90 dB, 4 hours at 95

dB, and 2 hours at 100 dB.

• The highest permissible noise exposure for the unprotected

ear is 115 dB for 15 minutes/day. Any noise above 140 dB is not

permitted

Hand Protection

Why is Hand Protection Important?

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• It has been estimated that almost 20% of all disabling accidents on

the job involve the hands

• Without your fingers or hands, your ability to work would be greatly

reduced

Types of Hand PPE {Gloves }

• Metal mesh gloves

Resist sharp edges and prevent cuts

• Leather gloves

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• shield your hands from rough surfaces

• Vinyl and neoprene gloves

• protect your hands against toxic chemicals

• Rubber gloves

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• protect you when working around electricity

• Padded cloth gloves

• protect your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration

• Heat resistant gloves

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• protect your hands from heat and flames

• Latex disposable gloves

• used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria

• Lead-lined gloves

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• used to protect your hands from radiation sources

Mittens

• protect your hands while working around very cold or hot materials

Hand Pads

• Hand pads protect your hands while working around very hot materials

Types of Hand Hazards

Traumatic Injuries

Contact Injuries

Repetitive Motion Injuries

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Potential Incidences of Hand Hazards

• Traumatic Injuries

• Tools and machines with sharp edges can cut your hands.

• Staples, screwdrivers, nails, chisels, and stiff wire can puncture

your hands.

• Getting your hands caught in machinery can sprain, crush, or

remove your hands and fingers

Contact Injuries

• Coming into contact with caustic or toxic chemicals, biological

substances, electrical sources, or extremely cold or hot objects can

irritate or burn your hands

WARNING: Toxic substances are poisonous substances that can

be absorbed through your skin and enter your body.

Repetitive Motion Injuries

• Whenever you repeat the same hand movement over a long period

of time, you run the risk of repetitive motion problems

• Repetitive motion problems often appear as a numbness or tingling

sensation accompanied by pain and the loss of gripping power in

your hands

Elimination or Control of Hazards

a. Engineering Controls

b. Machine guards

c. Procedures

d. Lock out/Tag out

e. Housekeeping and Hygiene

f. Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and

cluttered aisles all contribute to hand injuries

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Proper Fit and Use of PPE

a. Select and use the right kind of glove for the job you are going

to be performing

b. • Check fit, always use correct size

c. Make sure chemical resistant to chemical being used

d. Inspect your gloves before you use them

e. Remove any rings, watches, or bracelets that might cut or tear

your gloves

f. Look for holes and cracks that might leak

g. Replace gloves that are worn or torn

h. Never wear gloves around powered rotating equipment - drills,

lathes, etc

Foot Protection

Why is Foot Protection Important?

• The human foot is rigid enough to support the weight of your entire

body, and yet flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play sports,

and to take you anywhere you want to go. Without your feet and toes,

your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.

Types of Foot Hazards

• Impact Injuries

• Injuries from Spills and Splashes

• Compression Injuries

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• Electrical Shocks

• Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture

• Slipping

Potential Incidences of Foot Hazards

• Impact Injuries

• At work, heavy objects can fall on your feet. If you work around

sharp objects, you can step on something sharp and puncture your

foot

• Injuries from Spills and Splashes

• Liquids such as acids, caustics, and molten metals can spill into

your shoes and boots. These hazardous materials can cause

chemical and heat burns

• Compression Injuries

• Heavy machinery, equipment, and other objects can roll over your

feet. The result of these types of accidents is often broken or crushed

bones

• Electrical Shocks

• Accidents involving electricity can cause severe shocks and burns

• Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture

• If not protected, your feet can suffer from frostbite if you must work

in an extremely cold environment. Extreme heat, on the other hand,

can blister and burn your feet. Finally, extreme moisture in your

shoes or boots can lead to fungal infections

• Slipping

• Oil, water, soaps, wax, and other chemicals can cause you to slip

and fall

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Elimination or Control of Hazards

Housekeeping

• Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and

cluttered aisles all contribute to foot injuries

• Signs • Identify temporary slip/trip areas

Proper Fit and Use of PPE

• Select and use the right kind of footwear for the job you are going to

be performing. Footwear should meet or exceed the standards set by

ANSI (ANSI Z41-1991)

• Proper fit

• Correct protection for job task

• Inspect your footwear before you use them

• Look for holes and cracks that might leak

• Replace footwear that are worn or torn

• When working with chemicals

• hose your footwear with water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt

before removing your footwear

• Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area

Types of Foot PPE

• Safety Shoes and Boots

• Steel toe footwear

• protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed •

Metatarsal footwear

• special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect

your entire foot

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• Reinforced sole footwear

• metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures

• Latex/Rubber footwear

• resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces

• Safety Shoes and Boots

• PVC footwear

• protects your feet against moisture and improves traction

• Butyl footwear

• protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts,

and alkalies

• Vinyl footwear

• resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts, water, grease, and blood

• Nitrile footwear

• resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals

Safety Shoes and Boots

• Electrostatic dissipating footwear

• conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded

• Electrical hazard footwear

• insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from

electricity

• Disposable footwear

• includes shower slippers, clear polyethylene and non-woven booties

used in dust free work areas

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Elimination or Control of Hazards

Machine Guards Safety Goggles Full face

shield

• Many types of machines such as lathes, grinders, and

sanders are equipped with guards, shields and screens

Work Area Barriers

• Operations such as sanding, grinding, welding, and lathe

operations produce dust, vapours, and flying particles. To

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protect other workers, work area barriers such as movable

screens and barriers should be set up to separate workers

and bystanders from hazardous operations

Ventilation

• Ventilation, along with damping systems, can significantly

reduce the amount of airborne particles that could be

hazardous to your eyes

Lighting

• Good lighting reduces eye strain and glare

Signs and Warnings

• Obstructions and protruding objects should be identified

and marked

Eyewash Stations

• Eyewash stations should be located within 100 feet of your

work area. If you accidentally get something in your eyes, go

directly to the eyewash station and flush your eyes with

water for 15 minutes. Be sure to hold your eyes open with

your fingers and "look" directly into the water streams.

Safe Work Practices

• Read and follow all warnings and precautions that may be

found on equipment and hazardous materials

• Do not throw tools or participate in horseplay

• Keep sharp or pointed objects away from your eyes

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• Follow your supervisor's or safety manager's suggestions

and recommendations for working safely

Proper Fit and Use of PPE

• Must be right PPE for right job

• Ex. Safety glasses are not sufficient eye protection for

working with chemicals

• Must stay on face during all work activities

• Ex. Should not slide off face or pinch side of head and

create a headache

Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards and

dangerous work procedures that can cause injury, illness and

fatalities.

• Employers must: • Use all feasible engineering and work practice

controls to eliminate and reduce hazards

• Then use appropriate PPE if these controls do not eliminate hazards

• Remember: PPE is the last control

Training

Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at

least the following

• When PPE is necessary

• How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear

• Limitations of the PPE

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• Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal

Employee Responsibilities

• You are responsible for attending all PPE training sessions

• You are responsible for wearing your assigned PPE

Follow ALL Warnings and Precautions

• Take time to read any and all warnings and precautions that may

appear on tools, equipment, chemicals, MSDSs, and personal

protective equipment

Listen and Follow Directions

• Listen and follow the directions that you may be given by your

supervisor or safety manager. They want you to return home today,

and everyday, safe and sound to your family and friends

Report

• Report any and ALL unsafe conditions you may find in your work

area to your supervisor or safety manager.•

REMEMBER: Safety is a team effort!

Employer Responsibilities

Assessment Employers are required to conduct an assessment to

determine the various physical hazards that may be present in your

work area

Physical hazards include:

Sources of motion

• Sources of high and low temperatures

• Sources of light radiation

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• welding

• brazing

• heat treating

• High intensity lights

• Sources of falling objects

• Sources of sharp objects

• Sources of rolling or pinching objects

• Sources of electric hazards

• Sources of slip, trips, and falls

• Sources of harmful dusts

Assessment

As part of the assessment, employers must also determine the

various health hazards that may be present in your work area

Health hazards include:

• Types of chemicals hazards

• Sources of biological hazards

• Sources of nuclear radiation

Selection and Provision of PPE

• Once your area has been assessed, your employer must select, with

your help, appropriate personal protection equipment for you to use

while performing your job

• Once your area has been assessed, your employer must provide, at

no cost to you, appropriate personal protection equipment that fits,

for you to use while performing your job

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NOTE: If you have your own personal protective equipment, it must

be approved by your employer before you can use it on the job.

Check with your supervisor or safety manager before using your own

equipment

• In addition to providing you with PPE, your employer must maintain

the PPE used by employees. If a piece of PPE cannot be repaired, it

must be discarded and replaced.

• Your employer must maintain records of the workplace assessment

and of your training

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SCABA {Self-contained airway breathing apparatus}

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

reason of hazards encountered that are capable of causing injury or impairment

controls

exposure occurs PPE SELECTION

PPE TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

hat PPE is necessary

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