8/11/2019 ashok sonis
1/4
Chapter 2
Multiple Choice Questions(The answers are provided after the
last question.)
1. Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of
reality?a. quantitative research
b. qualitative researchc. mixed researchd. none of the above
2. Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing
itsfindings?a. quantitative research
b. qualitative researchc. mixed researchd. none of the above
3. Which of the following best describes quantitative
research?a. the collection of nonnumerical data
b. an attempt to confirm the researcher s hypothesesc. research
that is exploratoryd. research that attempts to generate a new
theory
!. " condition or characteristic that can ta#e on different
values or categories is called $$$.a. a constant
b. a variablec. a cause%and%effect relationshipd. a descriptive
relationship
&. " variable that is presumed to cause a change in another
variable iscalled a'n()a. categorical variable b. dependent
variablec. independent variabled. intervening variable
*. "ll of the following are common characteristics of
experimentalresearch except)a. it relies primarily on the
collection of numerical data
b. it can produce important #nowledge about cause and effect
c. it uses the deductive scientific methodd. it rarely is
conducted in a controlled setting or environment+. ,ualitative
research is often exploratory and has all of the
followingcharacteristicsexcept)a. it is typically used when a great
deal is already #nown about the t opicof interest
b. it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as
words a nd pictures
c. it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about
phenomena in the worldd. it uses the inductive scientific
method
-. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about
theexistence of cause%and%effect relationships?a. nonexperimental
esearch
b. experimental esearch
/. What is the #ey defining characteristic of experimental
research?a. extraneous variables are never present
b. a positive correlation usually existsc. a negative
correlation usually exists
d. manipulation of the independent variable
10. n $$$$$ random assignment to groups is never possible and
theresearcher cannotmanipulate the independent variable.a. basic
research
b. quantitative researchc. experimental researchd.
causal%comparative and correlational research
11. What is the defining characteristic of experimental
research?a. resistance to manipulation
b. manipulation of the independent variablec. the use of
open%ended questionsd. focuses only on local problems
12.. " positive correlation is present when $$$$$$$.a. two
variables move in opposite directions.
b. two variables move in the same direction.c. one variable goes
up and one goes downd. several variables never change.
13. esearch in which the researcher uses the qualitative
paradigm for one phase and thequantitative paradigm for another
phase is #nown as $$$$$$.a. action research
b. basic researchc. quantitative research
d. mixed method researche. mixed model research1!. esearch in
which the researcher uses both qualitative andquantitative
researchwithin a stage or across two of the stages in the research
process is#nown as $$$$$$.a. action research b. basic researchc.
quantitative research
8/11/2019 ashok sonis
2/4
d. mixed method researche. mixed model research
1&.. esearch that is done to understand an event from the
past is #nownas $$$$$?a. experimental research b. historical
researchc. replicationd. archival research
1*. $$$$$$ research occurs when the researcher manipulates
theindependent variable.a. causal%comparative research
b. experimental research
c. ethnographyd. correlational research
1+.. Which of the following includes examples of
quantitativevariables?a. age temperature income height
b. grade point average anxiety level reading performancec.
gender religion ethnic groupd. both a and b
1-.. What is the opposite of a variable?a. a constant
b. an extraneous variablec. a dependent variabled. a data
set
1/. Which of the following is the type of nonexperimental
research inwhich the primaryindependent variable of interest is
categorical?
a. causal%comparative research b. experimental researchc.
qualitative researchd. mixed research
20. Which of the following can best be described as a
categoricalvariable?a. age
b. annual incomec. grade point average
d. religion21. n research something that does not vary is called
a $$$$$$$$$$$.a. variable b. methodc. constantd. control group
8/11/2019 ashok sonis
3/4
22. When interpreting a correlation coefficient expressing
therelationship between twovariables it is very important to avoid
$$$$$$$.a. chec#ing the strength of relationship
b. 4umping to the conclusion of causalityc. chec#ing the
direction of the relationshipd. expressing a relationship with a
correlation coefficient
23. " researcher studies achievement by children in poorly
fundedelementary schools.5he develops a model that posits parent
involvement as an important
variable. 5he believes that parent involvement has an impact on
children byincreasing their motivation to do school wor#. 6hus in
her model greater parentinvolvement leads tohigher student
motivation which in turn creates higher student
achievement. 5tudentmotivation is what #ind of variable in this
study?a. 7anipulated variable
b. 8xtraneous variablec. 9onfounding variabled. 7ediating or
intervening variable
2!. 6he strongest evidence for causality comes from which of
thefollowing researchmethods?a. 8xperimental
b. 9ausal%comparativec. 9orrelationald. 8thnography
2&. Which correlation is the strongest?a. :.10
b. %./&c. :./0
d. %1.00
2*. 6he correlation between intelligence test scores and grades
is)a. ;ositive
b.
