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Ash and its effect on Snowpack
Winter Ecology: Spring 2014Mountain Research Station,
University of Colorado, BoulderBy: Jessica Walker
Introduction
• Albedo: how much light is reflected from a surface– Pure snow= ~.95– Polluted snow= .45-.19
• Why should we care?– Climate change – Runoff and Spring melt
earlier → greater water stress in late summerImage from Westernviews.org
• Ways that previous research has looked at changing albedo:– Dust Storms (Painter et. al.)– Soot and ash (Conway et.al.)
• Why does ablation occur? Positive Feedback!
Image from TheCelestialConvergence.blogspot.com
My Research
Question: How will the addition of ash affect the snow pack structure and
depth of sites via change in albedo?
Hypothesis: The addition of ash will cause increased grain size and increased
temperatures. Melting more likely in the treatment sites, so may see lower snow depth compared to control.
Null Hypothesis:Ash will have no effect on the snowpack and snowpack structure will
be uniform throughout the three conditions.
Methods• 3 conditions: Control, light ash and heavy ash• Open field off of Niwot Rd. All plots had same aspect, elevation and
depth (1.05m)• Snow pits!
– Dug one when establishing sites and 3 (one through each site) one week later• Analysis
– Snow Pilot to map layers and temperature
• New snow layer not consistent
• Ash conditions softer, no ash layer
• Very little temperature variation in heavy ash condition
• Ash layer placement
• Ash moved down in pack
Discussion
• Ash migrated down within the snowpack • Larger grain size and more rounding• Seemingly large difference in depth– Unable to determine whether significant
• Implications– Subnivean temperature– Summer water stress
• Future replication– More pits– Vary them in orientation
Summary
• Ash lowers albedo significantly• My experiment found that more melt
occurred in the heavy ash condition– Also more rounding and sintering– Also less of temperature gradient
• Need more replicates to determine whether depth difference was significant
References• Conway, H., Gades, A., Raymond, C.F. “Albedo of dirty snow during
conditions of melt.” Water Resources Research. Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1713-1718, June 1996. http://www.atmos.washington.edu/sootinsnow/PDF_Documents/Albedo%20of%20Dirty%20Snow%20During%20Melt.pdf
• Guido, Zack. “Cinnamon snow: flecks of dust alter Western water supplies.” CLIMAS Southwest Climate Outlook. The University of Arizona. 2013. http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/feature-article/snow-dust
• Hansen, James and Larissa Nazarenko. “Soot Climate Forcing via Snow and Ice Albedos.” PNAS. January 2004. Vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 423-428.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC327163/pdf/1010423.pdf • Painter, T., Skiles, S., Deems, J., Bryant, C., Landry, C. “Dust radiative forcing
in snow of upper Colorado River basin: 1. A 6 year record of energy balance, radiation, and dust concentrations.” Water Resources Research. Vol. 48, W07521, 2012. https://jifresse.ucla.edu/press/Painteretal_DustRadiative.pdf