AS Level – Week 21AS Level – Week 21TheoryTheory

Module 1 Module 1 Information ProcessingInformation Processing

Whiting & WelfordWhiting & Welford

Information ProcessingInformation Processing

Welford’s ModelWelford’s Model

Copy diagram from the board.Copy diagram from the board.

Welford’s model represents the major stages in Whiting’s Welford’s model represents the major stages in Whiting’s model but is more detailed.model but is more detailed.

Hot TipHot Tip

You must be able to explain how the information is used and the You must be able to explain how the information is used and the processes that are involved in producing a motor programme.processes that are involved in producing a motor programme.

Input – Input – (sense organs & internal sensors), the information is (sense organs & internal sensors), the information is gathered via the sensory system and the perceptual gathered via the sensory system and the perceptual mechanism interprets the stimuli.mechanism interprets the stimuli.

• Perception – Perception – involves 3 stages (DCR process)involves 3 stages (DCR process)

1. detection – the identification of the stimulus1. detection – the identification of the stimulus

2. comparison – the gathered stimuli are compared to 2. comparison – the gathered stimuli are compared to memory stores memory stores

3. recognition – the stimuli is matched to one stored in 3. recognition – the stimuli is matched to one stored in the the memory. memory.

• Memory – Memory – (short-term store & long-term store) involves the (short-term store & long-term store) involves the gathered information being interpreted and compared to past gathered information being interpreted and compared to past experiences before a decision is made. The process involves experiences before a decision is made. The process involves the short-term sensory stores, short-term memory and long the short-term sensory stores, short-term memory and long term memory.term memory.

• Decision-making – Decision-making – involves the formulation of a motor involves the formulation of a motor programme most appropriate to the current situation. This is programme most appropriate to the current situation. This is also known as the translatory mechanism.also known as the translatory mechanism.

• Effector control – Effector control – the selected motor programme or the selected motor programme or schemaschema is is sent via the body’s nervous system to the muscular system sent via the body’s nervous system to the muscular system (effectors) allowing movement to occur. (effectors) allowing movement to occur.

• Feedback – Feedback – once the action has been initiated, the performer once the action has been initiated, the performer gathers information about the effectiveness of the motor gathers information about the effectiveness of the motor programme, either internally or externally, allowing programme, either internally or externally, allowing modifications to be made. modifications to be made.