Articulate Word Outputdecade.it.usf.edu/nursing/NGR6733/mod1/Intro to Organizational Behavior and Culture...Barriers to Communication: Barriers can interfere with the communication

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2. Introduction

2.1 Overview

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2.2 Learning Objectives

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1. Organizational Behavior

1.1 Organizational Behavior

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1.2 Organizational Behavior Defined

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Definition of Organizational Behavior: Organizational Behavior is the study of individual and group dynamics within an organizational setting.

The discipline of Organizational Behavior attempts to understand these interactions so managers can predict behavioral responses and manage the resulting outcomes.

There are three goals:

1.) explain why individuals and groups behave the way they do

2.) To try to predict how individuals and groups will behave on the basis of internal and external factors

3.) To provide managers with the tools to assist in the management of individuals' and groups behaviors'

Today there is a rapid and ever-changing environment in which healthcare services are provided. The uncertainty and complexity of the healthcare environment creates challenges for healthcare practitioners at all levels. The knowledge and application of Organizational Behavior tools and strategies can be used to positively influence the behavior of individuals and groups, the outcomes of the organization and the care of patients.


1.3 Diversity in Healthcare

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Definition of Diversity: the full range of human similarities and differences in group affiliation, including gender, race/ethnicity, social class, role within an organization, age, religion, sexual orientation, physical ability, and other group identities.

Increasing diversity in health - Healthcare organizations need to be flexible to change to meet diversity challenges. A major barrier to understand and appreciate the increasing diversity within our population whether relating to patients or health care providers.

Cultural Competency - The importance of cultural competencies and understanding the needs of diverse populations has never been greater. It is imperative that healthcare leader understand, support initiatives that are supportive of diverse populations. Managers will need to develop models that establish benchmarks for cultural competence to enable their organizations to develop effective interventions, thereby improving the quality of healthcare.


1.4 Attitudes and Perceptions

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Understanding the psychology of attitudes and perceptions can help better manage employees of health service organizations. This knowledge can influence and bias our perceptions, and therefore knowledge of biases is needed to temper and inform our perceptions. Psychological principles, when applied to organizational behavior issues, can assist healthcare leaders to deal with staff fairly, make jobs interesting and satisfying, and motivate employees to higher levels of productivity.


Attitudes

Formation of Attitudes:

Attitude formation is the result of learning, modeling others, and direct experiences with people and situations.

Attitudes influence our decisions, guide our behavior, and impact what we selectively remember; which is not always the same as what we hear.

Attitudes come in different strengths, and like most things that are learned or influenced through experience, they can be measured and they can be changed.

Changing Attitudes:

To change an individual's attitude, you need to address the cognitive and emotional components.

Cognitive approach (one approach to changing attitudes): When an individual is presented with new information. Providing new information is one method for changing a person's attitude and therefore his or her behavior. Attitude transformation takes time, effort, and determination. It is important to remember that it takes time for an individual to change an attitude.


Perception

Definition of Perception: The process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world.

In other words, an individual interprets stimuli into something meaningful to him or her on the basis of prior experiences. It is important to note that what an individual interprets or perceives may be substantially different from reality.

The Perception Process follows four stages:

1. Stimulation

2. Registration

3. Organization

4. Interpretation

Social Perception: How an individual “sees” others and how others perceive that individual.


Employee Selection

Employee Selection: Perceptions and behaviors determine our behavior toward and can cloud our judgments of others. A leader can benefit from using the psychological principles of employee selection.

The goals of Employee Selection include:

1. Identify the knowledge, skills, abilities, and qualities necessary to perform a job well;

2. Design tests to measure applicants' levels on those key job requirements;

3. Administer the score and tests;

4. Determine the applicants most suitable for a given position, ensuring that the process is accurate and fair, and does not discriminate against members of protected groups.

The basis for this employee selection process is the ability to identify key invariant qualities of individuals (such as skills, character, motivation, attitude, leadership potential, and personality) that match up well with the demands of the position and the culture of the organization.


1.5 Communication

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Communication in the workplace is critical to establishing and maintaining quality working relationships in organizations.

Definition of Communication: The creation or exchange of thoughts, ideas, emotions, and understanding between sender(s) and receiver(s).

Feedback is any information that individual or groups s receive about their behavior and is used to promote more effective communication.

Types of Communication channels:

The channels of communication are the means by which messages are transmitted.

1. Verbal communication relies on spoken or written words to share information with others. It is a dialogue or conversation between people.

a. Computer-aided communication has greatly enhanced the communication process through use of internet, emails,

b. Healthcare technology is used to bridge communication gaps between clinicians and administrators through the use of electronic health records and programs

2. Nonverbal communication is the sharing of information without using words to encode messages and can occur through body language, facial/eye expressions and/or voice


Barriers to Communication: Barriers can interfere with the communication effective and can be either: environmental or personal - overcoming those barriers begins with recognition of the various barriers.

Flows of Communication: Flows of Intraorganizational communication can be upward, downward, horizontal and diagonal

Communication Networks: Flows of communication can be combined into patterns called communication networks and are the interaction pattern between and among group members. The communication networks can be informal or informal within an organization.


1.6 Workplace Communication

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1.7 Types of Communication Channels

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Types of Communication channels:

The channels of communication are the means by which messages are transmitted.

1. Verbal communication relies on spoken or written words to share information with others. It is a dialogue or conversation between people.

a. Computer-aided communication has greatly enhanced the communication process through use of internet, emails,

b. Healthcare technology is used to bridge communication gaps between clinicians and administrators through the use of electronic health records and programs

Nonverbal communication is the sharing of information without using words to encode messages and can occur through body language, facial/eye expressions and/or voice


1.8 Barriers to Communication

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Barriers to Communication: Barriers can interfere with the communication effective and can be either: environmental or personal - overcoming those barriers begins with recognition of the various barriers.

1.9 Flows of Communication


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1.10 Communication Networks

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1.11 Knowledge Check

Which of the following are Organizational Behavior goals? Select all that apply.

A. Explain why individuals and groups behave the way they do

B. To try to predict how individuals and groups will behave on the basis of internal and external factors

C. Explain the roles of managers and those in leadership

D. To provide managers with the tools to assist in the management of individuals' and groups behaviors'


3. Summary

3.1 Summary

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Organizational behavior involves the study of individual and group dynamics within an organizational

setting in order to understand interactions, predict responses, and manage outcomes. The uncertainty

and complexity of our healthcare environment today creates challenges for healthcare practitioners at

all levels. Knowledge and application of organizational behavior tools and strategies to influence the

culture within an institution, can be leveraged to improve patient care outcomes.


3.2 References

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Borkowski, N. (2016). Organizational behavior, theory, and design in health care. Burlington, Mass. : Jones and Bartlett Publishers

Porter-O’Grady, T., & Malloch, K. (2015). Quantum leadership: Advancing Innovation, Transforming Health Care (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Porter-O’Grady, T., & Malloch, K. (2015). Quantum leadership: Building better partnerships for sustainable health (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.


3.3 End of Presentation

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Articulate Word Outputdecade.it.usf.edu/nursing/NGR6733/mod1/Intro to Organizational Behavior and Culture...Barriers to Communication: Barriers can interfere with the communication