ARTICLES. EXERCISE For each sentence, identify the time word, the main clause, and the subordinate...
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ARTICLES. EXERCISE For each sentence, identify the time word, the main clause, and the subordinate clause. Then, translate the sentence. 1.Je te verrai
EXERCISE For each sentence, identify the time word, the main
clause, and the subordinate clause. Then, translate the sentence.
1.Je te verrai demain quand jarriverai. 2.Je partirai ds que tu
seras prt. 3.Sandra rentrerai avant que la pluie commence tomber.
4.Le tlphone sonnera pendant qu'il prendra son bain.
Slide 3
ANSWERS 1.I will see you tomorrow when I arrive. Time Word:
quand Main Clause: Je te verrai demain. Subordinate Clause: Quand
jarriverai. 2.I will leave as soon as you are ready. Time Word: ds
que Main Clause: Je partirai Subordinate Clause: Ds que tu seras
prt 3.Sandra will return before the rain begins to fall. Time Word:
avant que Main Clause: Sandra rentrerai Subordinate Clause: Avant
que la pluie commence tomber. 4.The telephone will ring while he is
taking (takes) his bath. Time Word: pendant que Main Clause: Le
tlphone sonnera Subordinate Cluase: Pendant quil prendra son
bain.
Slide 4
NOTE ON MAIN AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES Understanding these parts
of the sentence will help you know what tense to use while
translating the future. The main clause is the principal action of
the sentence. It could be a sentence by itself. Ex. Je te verrai
demain quand jarriverai. The subordinate clause is dependent on the
main clause and begins with a conjunction. It cannot be a complete
sentence by itself. Ex. Je te verrai demain quand jarriverai. In an
English sentence in the future, the main clause will be in the
future while the subordinate clause will be in the present. Ex. I
will see you tomorrow when I arrive.
Slide 5
QUIZ NEXT WEEK We will have a quiz in this course next week on
Wednesday, November 12. This quiz will be graded and will cover the
concepts of translation we have discussed so far. I will distribute
a study guide for you tomorrow at the copy center and on the course
website. We will spend next Tuesday doing review. Note that you
absolutely cannot talk during this quiz and you cannot use a
dictionary. I will provide a glossary and you can ask me questions.
If you break these rules, you will receive a 0. If you do not come
to class on Wednesday, you will also receive a 0, unless you can
provide a documented excuse of an emergency nature.
Slide 6
ARTICLES Articles in English are a form of adjective that
indicate the way in which a noun is being referred to. There are
two types of articles indefinite and definite The definite article
the indicates a particular instance of the noun. The indefinite
articles a and an indicate an unspecified noun.
Slide 7
FRENCH ARTICLES Articles work in a similar fashion in French,
though there are masculine, feminine, and plural variants. Definite
articles: Le, la, les Indefinite articles: un, une, des French also
has partitive articles, which do not exist in English: du, de
la
Slide 8
SIMPLE TRANSLATION In some respects, translating French
articles is easy. The definite articles le, la, and les all
correspond to the English the. Le chat est petit.Les chats sont
petits. The cat is little.The cats are little. Along similar lines,
the indefinite articles un and une correspond to the English a and
an (though not directly). Jai vu une femme.Donne-moi un exemple.Jai
achet un livre. I saw a woman.Give me an example.I bought a
book.
Slide 9
DIFFICULTIES PLURALS AND PARTITIVES Things get more complicated
when dealing with the articles du, de la, and des, which do not
exist as articles in English. When they express quantity as
partitives, these articles can be translated to the English
adjective some. Je veux du lait.Jai mang des pommes. I want some
milk.I ate some apples. However, when des is used as a plural
indefinite article and speaks of something in general, no article
is used at all in translation. Ces hommes sont des travailleurs.
Those men are workers. NOT: Those men are some workers.
Slide 10
NUMBER OF ARTICLES In general, the difficulty is usually that
French uses many more articles than English, both indefinite and
definite. As a result, in translation, one frequently must decide
whether to omit an article or whether to use its approximate
English translation. There are some rules that can help with making
this decision.
Slide 11
GENERALIZATIONS AND ABSTRACTIONS In French, generalizations and
abstractions are frequently presented with the definite article,
while in English the article is almost always omitted. These are
normally either singular nouns that are uncountable or plural nouns
that are countable but are used in the general rather than specific
sense. La plupart des hommes confondent le bonheur avec ses moyens.
Most men confuse happiness with its means. Les arbres jouent un rle
majeur dans le fonctionnement cologique terrestre. Trees play a
major role in terrestrial ecological functioning.
Slide 12
BODY PARTS AND COUNTRIES/LANGUAGES In English, body parts
belonging to somebody are described with possessive adjectives
rather than articles. Il se brosse les dents. He is brushing
(brushes) his teeth. Names of countries or regions or languages
spoken also tend not to include an article, with the exception of
countries with plural names La France France Lallemand German BUT:
Les Etats-Unis The United States
Slide 13
POSSESSION In French, something particular possesed by a proper
noun is usually expressed using the definite article. However, in
English, no article will be used. Rather, the s typical of English
possession is used. Le livre de Robert Roberts book Les usines
dAngleterre Englands factories (though the factories of England
could also work here).
Slide 14
EXERCISE TRANSLATE THIS PARAGRAPH NOTE: This is a history.
Think about differences in tense between English and French when
translating a history Le point commun entre tous ces peuples c'est
leurs croyances spirituelles. Animistes, les Amrindiens croient aux
forces de la nature comme la pluie, le vent, le soleil et vnrent un
dieu crateur qu'ils nomment le Grand Esprit. La danse et l'usage du
tabac est trs courant dans les rites sacrs. En Alaska, les
Amrindiens sont nomades car l'agriculture n'est gure possible dans
ces rgions au sol gel une grande partie de l'anne. Ils chassent le
caribou en utilisant des raquettes pour avancer dans la neige,
naviguent sur les rivires avec des canos et rcoltent le sirop
d'rable. La plupart des tribus appartiennent la famille des
Algonquins.