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Serge De Labrusse 3HUVSHFWLYHV GXQ PDUFKp FRPPXQ GDQV OH 6XG(VW DVLDWLTXH ,Q 3ROLWLTXH pWUDQJqUH 1 H DQQpH SS &LWHU FH GRFXPHQW &LWH WKLV GRFXPHQW 'H /DEUXVVH 6HUJH 3HUVSHFWLYHV GXQ PDUFKp FRPPXQ GDQV OH 6XG(VW DVLDWLTXH ,Q 3ROLWLTXH pWUDQJqUH 1 H DQQpH SS doi : 10.3406/polit.1962.2349 http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/polit_0032-342X_1962_num_27_3_2349

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  • Serge De Labrusse

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    doi : 10.3406/polit.1962.2349

    http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/polit_0032-342X_1962_num_27_3_2349

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