ARTHROPODS IN - Hindawi Publishing Corporationdownloads.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/1917/083242.pdf40 Pehe [April ARTHROPODS IN BURMESE AMBER. By T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of

40 Pehe [April

ARTHROPODS IN BURMESE AMBER.

By T. D. A. COCKERELL,University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.

A study of a considerable quantity of Burmese amber, additionalto that previously reported on, reveals a remarkably interestingfauna. Hymenoptera are represented by Bethylide, which areabundant, though often fragmentary; Evaniide of several genera,and a Trigonalys. A very thorough examination fails to reveal a

single ant. Hemiptera (Heteroptera) are represented by twogenera and four species of Enicocephalide. There are someHomoptera, not yet closely examined. The Diptera includeEmpidid, Sciara, Psychodide (Trichomyia), and a Cecidomyiid.The Coleoptera include Elaterid, Dermestide, Rhipiphoride,Ipide, and others not yet studied; but no Carabide or Pausside.There are many Blattids, young or fragmentary in every case;Termites are also frequent, but probably of few species. Themites are numerous and varied, but usually in poor condition fordescription; no spiders have yet been found. The Diplopods are

represented by t)olyxenus, and there is a good Pseudoscorpion,representing an apparently extinct genus. There is a very goodLepismatid, referred rather doubtfully to Lampropholis. The pres-ent paper puts on record a number of these discoveries. The amber(Burmite) was found in clay of Miocene age, but was derivedfrom elsewhere, and may be much older. The specimens have beenpresented by Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe of Mandalay to the BritishMuseum. All the species described below were in a single largelump of amber, and therefore lived at the same Lime and place.

I:)SELAPHOGNATHA.

Polyxenus burmiticus sp. nov. (Polyxenide).

Length about 400 microns; antennae about 80; width of headabout 560; longest lateral bristles about 560 microns long, longestcaudal bristles about 7e0. Apparently sixteen pairs of legs. An-tennae apparently 7-jointed, counting a very minute and ratherdoubtful apical joint; fifth joint longest; first, second, fourth and

Cockerell--Arthropods in Burmese Amber 41

Ng. 1. Polyxenu burmi-

sixth subequal; third shorter. Bristlesexceedingly abundant and long, darkfHSCOUS.Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swin-

hoe; in the same piece as Electrofomusgracilipes, about 30 ram. from it. Thisappears to be a true Polyxenus, but it isremarkable for the very long and copiousbristles. The species described by Kochand Berendt from Baltic amber haveshort bristles, and are entirely different.Our animal is curiously like an Anthre-nid larva, and on accoun of its longbristles resembles the much more an-cient Palceocampa from the 1)ennsylvanian of Illinois. The structure figuredat A, which I at first took for a pair ofcaudal appendages, is evidently the endof a piece of vegetable dbris which ap-pears on the other side.

ACARINA.

Cheyletus burmiticus sp. nov. (Cheyletide).

Length about 736 microns; shining reddish-brown, with verylittle hair; mandibles ordinary; palpi extremely stout, stronglyelbowed at base; claw well-formed, curved, on left palpus, but theright one appears minutely bidentate at end; thumb-papillmlengthened, long and slender, ribbon-like, but not pectinate; legsas usual in the genus, so far as can beseen; abdomen broadly rounded poste-riorly. The following measurements are

in microns" length of palpus about 08;second joint of anterior leg about 160, thethird about 10; last joint of second legabout 160.Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe.

In the same slab as the type of Winnert-ziola burmitica, and 3 ram. from it; also 6

Fig. . Cheyletus burmi-titus. A, palpi; B, base offirst leg.

Psyche [April

mm. from the type of Scleroderma quadridentatum. Although Icannot make out any palpal combs, the animal is evidently not aCheyletiella.

DIPTERA.Winnertziola burmitica sp. nov. (Cecidomyiidm).. Piceous, including legs and antennae; wings clear, nervures

ferruginous; surface of wings not conspicuously hairy, margin withlong hairs; thorax narrow; abdomen long and narrow, the caudalappendages long and slender; venation as usual in the genus, thecross-vein not very oblique; antennm apparently l1-jointed, butthere is doubtless a second basal joint not seen, making 1 in all;antennal joints with long hairs, but no circumfili, whether with sur-

Fig. 3. Winnertziola burmitica. A, wing; B,halter; C, claws; D, palpus; E, basal part of an-tenna; F, end of antenna; G, caudal appendages.

face markings cannotbe determined; thethree joints before thelast broader basallythan apically; palpilarge, apparentlyjointed, but there isprobably a small basaljoint not seen, jointbefore the last not ap-preciably shorter than

the last; tarsi with 5 joints, basal joint very short, second long;claws small, apparently simple, emporium so small that it cannotbe clearly made out; halteres very large, the large club dark brown.The following measurements are in microns" total length about1760; length of wing about 110; length of antennae apparentlyabout 400, but they are seen obliquely, and are probably about480; last joint of palpus 57; width of club of halter 64; length ofhind femur 400; hind tarsal joints (1) 64, () 40, (3) 11, (4) 80,(5) 64.Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe; in the same slab as the

type of Enicocephalus swinhoei, and 10 mm. from it. This may pos-sibly be separable from Winnertziola on account of the long caudalappendages, the form of the palpi, the probably simple claws, etc.,but some of these differences are doubtful, and the others areslight, so a separate genus hardly seems to be required. The alliedgenus Winnertzia is known from Baltic amber.

1917] Cockerell--Arthvopods in Burmese Amber

COLEOPTERA.

Dermestes larvalis sp. nov. (Dermestidm).A minute larva, about 750 microns long (not counting hairs);

head, legs and hairs ferruginous; apical half of mandibles piceous,exactly as in modern Anthrenus larvm; body covered with spinulose

-,,." s, hairs, the dorsal ones, very long and abus-e"

’’ ’ , . dant, not tufted;longesthairfromvi-cinity of head about

lig. 4. Dermestes larvalls n. sp. A, hind leg; B, 960 microns; caudalend of front leg; C, mandible; D, hair. end with extraordi-narily long hairs, the longest 09 microns, not forming a distincttuft; legs as in modern Anthrenus larvae, with single sharp claw;femora with short hairs, tibi with bristles, hind tibim with smallspines. The hind legs are about 30 microns long. The bodyis without corneous plates.Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In same slab as type of

Cryphalites rugosissmus, and 83.5 mm. from it. The charactersare exactly those of modern Dermestid larvm, but the generic ref-erence is of course not precise. The long hairs suggest Dermestesrather than some of the other common genera. Evidently themuseum curator and entomologist, had they existed in Tertiarytimes, would .have been troubled by Dermestids as they are today.

IYMENOPTERA.Scleroderma (?) quadridentatum sp. nov. (Bethylidm).. Apterous. Head and thorax 1.7 mm. long; abdomen be-

yond first segment missing, but total length was probably about3.5 mm.; head and thorax black, legsand abdomen ferruginous; antennaepale ferruginous at base, the flagellumdarker; mandibles ferruginous, at least3-dentate, the outer margin stronglyand evenly curved; antennae lO-jointed, the scape extremely large andthick, fully twice as wide at apex asthe next joint; head subquadrate,

Fig. 5. Scleroderma quadri-dentatum. A, prothorax; B, baseof antenna; C, hind femur.

’4 Psyche IApril

narrowed and truncate posteriorly; eyes large and prominent;prothorax long, narrowly conical in outline, but the sides bulging,the whole thorax very long and narrow; metathorax posteriorly atsides with short but distinct teeth, four in all; anterior femora withupper margin concave, lower convex; hind femoraverybroad, cunei-form, the large end basad, the basal upper corner very prominent,obtusely rectangular; abdomen with a slender petiole, but rapidlywidening, as in living forms. Hind tibiee with a single long spur.The following measurements are in microns: greatest width ofhead 440; length of eyes 4; width of thorax in middle 368; widthfirst abdominal segment 59.

Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In the same slab as thetype of Winnertziola burmitica, and 7.5 mm. from it. The speci-men shows the ventral view, and the palpi are not visible, so thegeneric reference may be somewhat doubtful. The insert is,however, of this immediate alliance, and the relatively largelaterally placed eyes indicate a more primitive type than typicalliving Scleroderma. Species of this genus (S. tuberculata Magr. andS. luteicolle Kieff.) are known in the existing fauna of Burma. Thegreat antiquity of the genus is indicated by the fact that althoughthe females are wingless, species occur on the most remote islands;the Hawaiian Is. (many species), Guam, the Seychelles and St.Helena.

Apenesia electriphila, sp. nov. (Bethylidm).

o. Length about .5 mm.; black or piceous; wings clear, withlight ferruginous stigma and nervures, venation typical for genus,stigma large, marginal cell open at end. Mandibles bidentate, the. teeth stout; labial

.-- palpi 3-ointed; an-tenne apparentlyl-jointed, butturned down atends, and possibly

Fig. 6. Apenesla electriphila. A, stigma and adja- only 11 o n t e dcent parts; B, base of antenna; C, labial palpus; D, scape broad andanterior basitarsus; E, posterior femur, flattened, curved;flagellar joints short and broad, antennal joints -7 longer thanbroad, 8-10 as broad as long; head broad, occipital margin sharp;eyes rather large, prominent, about 144 microns long; width of head

1917] Howe--Notes on New Englant Odonata ’5

about 58 microns. Thorax long and narrow, about 480 micronswide in middle; anterior legs about 704 microns behind head; an-terior femora curved, convex above, concave below; their tibimrather short (about 88 microns), with a single long spur; their tarsilong, the first joint longer than next three together, and stronglycurved; hind femora extremely broad and flattened, the summitof the curve about half-way between base and middle; abdomenwith a rather long petiole.Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In the same slab as the

type of Cryphalites rugosissimus, and 4.5 ram. from it. Relatedto Scleroderma (?) quadridentatum, which may possibly belong toApenesia, but on account of the black abdomen and various struc-tural characters surely not its male.

DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON NEW ENGLANDODONATA.

t)ART I.

BY R. HEBER HOWE, JR.,Thoreau Museum, Concord, Massachusetts.

Since Dr. t’. P. Calvert’s List was published in October, 1905, thefollowing published corrections and additions have been made:

Argia apicalis (Say) Selys recorded from Maine by Dr.Calvert on the authority of Prof. Harvey was expungedby Dr. Calvert following an examination of the Harveyspecimens by Mr. Williamson (Ent. News XT: 31. 1906).

Argia moesta putrida (Hagen) was shown by Mr. E. B. Wil-liamson to be synonymous with Argia moesta I-Iagen(Ent. News 23: 00. 191.)

In Dr. E. M. Walker’s "The North American Dragon-flies ofthe Genus _/Eshna (Univ. Toronto Studies, Biol. Series, 191) thefollowing New England records for the genus were made:

,/Eshna ccerulea septentrionalis Burm.N.H. WhiteMts. (Scudder)

,/Eshna juncea Linn.N. tt. White Mrs. (Scudder)

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ARTHROPODS IN - Hindawi Publishing Corporationdownloads.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/1917/083242.pdf40 Pehe [April ARTHROPODS IN BURMESE AMBER. By T. D. A. COCKERELL, University of