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ARTHROPODA
Subphyla
• Crustaceans- Class Malacostraca -shrimp, lobster, crab
• Chelicerates- Class Arachnida -spiders, mites, scorpions
• Myriapeds- centipedes, millipedes
• Hexapods- Class Insecta
• This phylum is the largest with over 1,000,000 species
Characteristics
• Exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed appendages
• “arthros” means joint, “podos” means foot or leg
• Bilateral symmetry• Metamorphosis-
larva, pupa, adult• Molting
Anatomy
• Appendages can be wings, antennae, legs, mouthparts
• Exoskeleton – protects and helps prevent evaporation of water
• Open circulatory system
• Coelomates• Ganglia – mass of
nerves serves as brain
Anatomy
• Respiration occurs through lungs or exoskeleton if land organism. If lives in water, gills.
• Arthropods have full muscular and excretory systems.
• Body covering is exoskeleton
Feeding
• Every feeding type is represented in phylum arthropoda
• Scavengers, predators, herbivores, parasites, carnivores, omnivores,
Reproduction
• Almost all reproduce sexually
• Asexual- A few reproduce by parthenogenesis where an egg can develop into an adult with no sperm (ants, bees, wasps, and aphids)
Habitat
• Arthropods can be found in almost every habitat on Earth
• niche• Biotic factors• Abiotic factors
Adaptations
• Mouthparts:• Butterfly tongue is
long and sticky, an ant has a sharp mouth for cutting, a fly’s tongue is like a sponge
• Exoskeleton• Camouflage
Crustaceans
• Shrimp, lobsters, and crabs
• 2-3 body sections• 5 or more pairs of
legs• 2 pairs of antennae• Most have gills• metamorphosis
Arachnids
• Spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions
• 2 body sections – head and abdomen
• 4 pairs of legs• No antennae• These are usually
predators – some have venom
Centipedes and Millipedes
• 2 body sections- head and abdomen
• Many pairs of legs• Centipedes – have
1 pair of legs per segment
• Millipedes- have 2 pairs of legs per segment
• Terrestrial habitat
Hexapods
• All insects• 3 body sections- head,
thorax, and abdomen• 1 pair antennae• 1-2 pairs of wings• Airholes in exoskeleton
called spiracles• Metamorphosis• Camouflage