ART AND THE AP EXAM

THE RENAISSANCE

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE• Perspective• Geometric structure• Humanism• Individualism

– Individual artists– Portraits

• Private patrons• Tension between religious and secular• Landscapes• Classic Themes in painting, sculpture, architecture

– Influence of Greece and Rome• Religious Themes (often painted in Renaissance time)

EXAMPLES

Massacio

Note persepctive

DA VINCI ST ANNE

Arnolfini Marriage: Portrait—Marriage Contract—Signs he was a businessmanPresence of artist in mirror—Dog=fidelity

THE BAROQUE

The Renaissance continuesAdd: Art of Counter Reformation

Art of SpainPassion

Classic ThemesVelasquezEl Greco

ST PETERS BASILICAHOW DID IT LEAD TO LUTHER’S REFORMATION?

HOW DOES “THE CREATION” EMBODY HUMANISM, IDEAS OF FREE WILL AND RELIGIOUS THEMES?

EL ESCORIAL: HOW DOES IT REFLECT THE VALUES OF PHILLIP II?

EL GRECO VIEW FROM TOLEDO

WHO WAS THE SPANISH COURT FAVORITE?

GRECO OR VELASQUEZ?

ART OF THE NETHERLANDS17th CENTURY

• Smaller houses=smaller pictures• Scenes of everyday life with a message• The fragility of life in the Netherlands (Low

Lands• Historical paintings, portraits• Rembrandt, Vermeer• Renaissance themes and values

THE NIGHT WATCH1642REMBRANDT

ON GUARD AGAINST THE ENEMYWHO WOULD THAT BE IN 1642

REMBRANDT: ARISTOTLE CONTEMPLATING THE BUST OF HOMER?WHAT RENAISSANCE-HUMANISTIC VALUES ARE REFLECTED HERE

VERMEER: DELFTWHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT LIFE IN 17th c. NETHERLANDS?

VERMEER: ASTRONOMER AND GEOGRAPHERWHAT DOES THIS SAY ABOUT 17th c. DUTCH?5

MEANWHILE—IN FRANCE AND ELSEWHERE

PETER PAUL RUBENSGIVES THE “NEW MONARCHS”

THE LOOK THEY LIKE

Rubens: THE LION HUNT

Caravaggio teaches us about light/dark and contrast

SUPPER AT EMMANUS

AGE OF LOUIS XIV

VERSAILLESCompare to El Escorial

THE HALL OF MIRRORS REFLECTED WHOSE IMAGEHOW DOES THIS PLAY INTO ABSOLUTISM?

LOUIS XIV and the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENCE and STATE BUILDING

Louis XIV as Sun King

ART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

• GENRE PAINTINGS– Continuing the Dutch idea of painting

everyday life– Art of the Enlightenment-the values of the

Enlightenment– Return to classical (Greco-Roman) themes

ChardinWhat can you surmise about this individual?

Fragonard THE READER

DAVID: OATH OF THE HORATIIHow did this picture reflect the ideals and problems of France in 1784

Clue: Concept of dying for Republic

ROMANTICISMlate 18th and most f 19th depending where you wereReaction to Age of Reason

19th C. ROMANTICISM

• Emotion rules over reason• Fascination with middle ages• Nature as “natural”• Beginnings resistance to Renaissance rules of

perspective• Man in nature• Fascination with “things oriental” (inspired by

Napoleon in Egypt and later, especially when France takes over North Africa

• Mixes in with nationalism, realism

ARTISTS AND OTHERS

• Art: INGRES, DELACROIX, GERICAULT,COURBET (realistic), FRIEDRICH, TURNER, CONSTABLE

NINETEENTH CENTURY ART TO 1870ish

DELACOIX LIBERTY LEADING THE WAY (1830 Revolution)

Massacre at Chios Europeans Support the Revolution in Greece

Shows weakness of Metternich system. HOW?

REALISM” COURBETFUNERAL AT ORNAIS

REAL PEOPLE IN REAL TIME

IMPRESSIONISM

• Influence of photography—capturing a moment in time

• Light as a subject of art (long influential but perhaps never a subject on its own)

• Breakdown of traditional ideas of perspective

• Parallels the French Rev and Industrial Rev and breakdown of tradition structures as they are replaced by new ones

IMPRESSIONISM continued

• Subjects are “real” places/people in “real” time; Scenes are often in the countryside but more often than not are records of ‘city life”

• Short lived but influential; gives rise to many other movements and finally modern art

• Important artists: Manet, Monet,Morisot (woman); Degas, Lautrec

MONETGare St. Lazare

How did the steam engine and railways change European life in the late 19th century (post 1860)

HOW DOES THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE?Painting by MONET

RENOIR: Moulin de la GaletteWhat is Renoir telling us about the working class in this painting?

DEGAS: THE IRONERSWho are these women? How do they tell us about late 19th century women?

CHANGING PERSPECTIVESBEGINNING OF MODERN ART

CEZANNE

HOW DOES CEZANNE CHALLENGE RULES OF PERSPECTIVE?

CEZANNE: CARD PLAYERSHOW DOES CEZANNE CHALLENGE US VISUALLY AND INTELLECTUALLY

HOW DOES HE FIT IN TO LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY REALITY?

MODERN ART

HOW DO PICASSO AND BRAQUES BUILD ON TRADITION AND CHALLENGE IT

HOW DO THEY REFLECT A BREAKDOWN OF TRADITIONAL FORMS IN THE LATE

NINETEENTH AND EARLY 20th CENTURIES

CUBISM

Pre WWI

Picasso: Demoiselle d”Avignon

BracquesPaintings/collage

with PicassoCUBISM

PIERRE MATISSE

THIS IS BY NO MEANS DEFINITIVE BUT IT SHOULD

GIVE YOU SOME IDEA OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ART

AND THE TIMES