ars.els-cdn.com · Web viewTable S1. Environmental concentrations of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5),

Benthic invertebrate exposure and chronic toxicity analysis for cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes: A probabilistic approach

Kent B. Woodburn, Rita M. Seston, David E. Powell, and Jaeshin Kim

Supporting Information

Table S1. Environmental concentrations of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in sediments (mg/kg-OC). Values in italics are estimates, based on one-half of the detection limit reported in associated study. A ‘ – ’ indicates that no value was reported.

Source Site Details D4 D5 D6Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin I.1 0.045 4.03 0.680Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin I.2 0.038 3.64 0.628Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin I.3 0.036 3.62 0.734Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin I.4 0.037 3.52 0.627Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin I.5 0.046 3.08 0.588Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin II.1 0.043 4.24 0.912Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin II.2 0.039 3.38 0.736Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin II.3 0.042 3.41 0.836Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin II.4 0.035 2.81 0.692Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin II.5 0.039 2.12 0.655Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin III.1 0.045 3.38 0.803Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin III.2 0.045 3.40 0.826Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin III.3 0.041 3.71 0.776Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin III.4 0.046 3.90 0.944Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin III.5 0.043 3.26 0.773Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin IV.1 0.051 2.47 0.722Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin IV.2 0.049 3.74 0.999Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin IV.3 0.045 3.58 0.905Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin IV.4 0.055 3.67 0.970Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin IV.5 0.047 2.39 0.710Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin V.1 0.048 2.99 0.884Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin V.2 0.049 3.10 0.965Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin V.3 0.049 3.21 0.956Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin V.4 0.053 2.91 0.848Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin V.5 0.052 2.66 0.828Boehmer and Gerhards 2003

Germany; Rhine R Wiesbaden, km 523 – 0.075

–

Boehmer and Gerhards 2003

Germany; Rhine R Koblenz, km 603 – 0.075

–


Germany; Rhine R Leverkusen, km 712 – 0.075

–


Germany; Rhine R Emmerich, km 874 – 0.075

–


Germany; Rhine R Hollands Diep, km 1306 – 0.075

–


UK, marine Las St Abbs Mid 5 Surface – 0.075

–


UK, marine – 0.075

–



–

Boehmer and UK, marine – 0.07 –

Gerhards 2003 5Boehmer and Gerhards 2003


–



–



–



–



–


Germany; Rhine R Koln, km 672 – 0.300 –


Germany; Rhine R Karlsruhe , km 377 – 0.600 –


Germany; Hall Dike Creek

3.5 km downstream from STP – 1.82 –


UK, marine River Mersey – 2.65 –


Germany; Rhine R Krefeld, km 761 – 4.55 –


UK, marine Cardiff Bay – 11.4 –

NILU 2007 Norway; Inner Oslofjord

Lysaker 2 0.775

4.65 0.425


Lysaker 1 0.825

10.0 1.35


Oslofj A1 0.600

12.5 1.20


Oslofj A2 0.575

14.0 1.10


Bekkelagsbassenget BB14 0.950

34.5 3.60


Bekkelagsbassenget BB5 0.100

46.0 5.00

Norden 2005 Faroe Islands Kaldakfjordur 0.250

0.125

0.100

Norden 2005 Sweden Nissan 0.050

0.025

0.015


0.025

0.025

Norden 2005 Denmark Coast area Kattegat 0.075

0.050

0.025

Norden 2005 Denmark Oresund, Lynetten 0.125

0.075

0.075


0.090 0.045

Norden 2005 Norway Vrengansundet 0.250

0.125

0.100

Norden 2005 Sweden Goffandsdjupet 0-2 cm 0.75 0.25 0.225

0 0Norden 2005 Iceland Sediment 0.07

50.370 0.025

Norden 2005 Iceland Sediment 0.100

0.380 0.050

Norden 2005 Sweden Landsorfsdjupet 0-2 cm 0.750

0.500

0.300

Norden 2005 Norway Leangbukta 0.500

0.600 0.200

Norden 2005 Norway Bergsjoen 1.50 0.750

0.575

Norden 2005 Norway Bergsjoen 1.63 0.750

0.625

Norden 2005 Norway Rogden 1.25 0.750

0.475

Norden 2005 Norway Rogden 1.25 0.750

0.425

Norden 2005 Finland Espco coastal sea 0.500

0.950 0.200


0.950 0.075


1.95 0.200

Norden 2005 Finland Helsinki, vakai (old city bay) 0.500

2.90 0.430

Norden 2005 Sweden Riddarfjarden 0.125

3.85 0.500

Norden 2005 Norway Brodrene Sunde Verft 0.275

4.80 0.325

Norden 2005 Sweden Essingen 0.325

6.50 1.25

Norden 2005 Denmark Roskiide, coast area 4.20 100 8.5Wang et al. 2013 Canada; Municipal

WWTPSite 1 3.45 63.8 6.90

Wang et al. 2013 Canada; Municipal WWTP

Site 2 0.039

0.58 0.155


Site 3 0.045

1.88 0.268


Site 4 0.024

2.45 0.844


Site 5 0.177 0.24 0.249


Site 7 0.181 6.94 1.20


Site 8 0.517

2012 127.9


Site 9 2.57 45.9 5.26


Site 10 0.031

1.47 0.621


Site 11 1.17 49.1 3.19

ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay A-4 0.519 18.6 3.08ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay A-5 0.572 16.4 2.80ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay A-6 0.276 10.8 1.98ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay A-7 0.204 8.58 1.54ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay B-4 0.731 8.91 1.86ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay B-5 2.30 9.85 1.99ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay B-6 1.19 8.21 1.53ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay B-7 1.12 10.3 1.91ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay C-4 0.935 7.55 1.73ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay C-5 0.907 6.76 1.52ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay C-6 0.332 6.47 1.41ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay D-2 0.558 5.22 1.35ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay D-3 0.859 5.06 1.47ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay D-4 0.451 5.08 1.45ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay E-2 0.128 2.96 0.900ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay E-3 0.220 3.41 0.973ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay E-4 0.096 2.73 0.745ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay F-1 0.323 4.18 1.27ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay F-2 0.161 2.52 0.847ECC 2012-2015 Japan; Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay F-3 0.081 2.42 0.803Powell and Kozerski 2007

Canada; L Ontario Kingston Basin (0-5 cm) 0.110 0.329 0.150

Powell and Kozerski 2007

Canada; L Ontario Niagara basin (0-5 cm) 0.033 0.298 0.146


Canada; L Ontario Rochester basin A (0-5 cm) 0.109 0.568 0.041


Canada; L Ontario Rochester basin G (0-5 cm) 0.118 0.368 0.038


Canada; L Ontario Missasauga basin (0-5 cm) 0.108 0.078 0.094


Canada; L Ontario Toronto Harbor (0-5 cm) 13.6 37.6 9.42

Sparham et al. 2011 UK; River Greater Ouse

Felmersham Grab1 (Aug 2008) – 17.8 –






Tyringham Bridge (Sept 2008) – 11.6 –





Seston et al. 2014a-f; 2016a-c; 2017a-c

Canada; L Ontario Deep water basin (0-5cm) 2011-2014

0.014 0.119 0.167

Seston et al. 2014a- Canada; L Ontario Niagara Delta (0-5 cm) 2011- 0.036 1.55 0.699

f; 2016a-c; 2017a-c 2013Seston et al. 2014a-f; 2016a-c; 2017a-c

Canada; L Ontario Hamilton Harbor (01-03) (0-5cm) 2011-2014

0.190 15.9 2.42

Seston et al. 2015a-c

USA; L Pepin Lower Lake (0-5 cm) 2011 0.023 1.98 0.102

Seston et al. 2015a-f; 2016d-f; 2017d-f

USA; L Pepin Upper Lake (0-5 cm) 2011-2014 0.020 1.39 0.328

Seston et al. 2015a-f; 2016d-f; 2017d-f

USA; L Pepin Middle Lake (0-5 cm) 2011-2014

0.016 1.53 0.407

Evonik 2015a-c; 2016

Norway; Inner Oslofjord

MSC 1 2011-2014 0.049 5.38 2.25



MSC 2 2011-2014 0.072 3.81 1.33



MSC 3 2011-2014 0.103 19.1 5.13



MSC 4 2011-2014 0.256 43.6 7.12



MSC 5 2011-2014 0.203 39.4 6.35

ECC 2011 Japan; Tama River Midstream (a) 0.370 26.0 4.40ECC 2011 Japan; Tama River Downstream (A/B) 0.770 63.0 7.50ECC 2011 Japan; Arakawa

RiverMidstream (a) 1.80 33.0 13.0

ECC 2011 Japan; Arakawa River

Midstream (b) 0.170 3.60 0.550

ECC 2011 Japan; Arakawa River

Downstream (A/B) 2.00 95.0 8.10

ECC 2011 Japan; Tone River Midstream (a) 0.230 11.0 1.30ECC 2011 Japan; Tone River Midstream (b) 0.290 14.0 1.90ECC 2011 Japan; Tone River Downstream (A/B) 0.240 14.5 2.30Krogseth et al. 2017

Norway; Storvannet

Lake St 1 0.190 2.82 0.651

Krogseth et al. 2017

Norway; Storvannet

Lake St 2 0.202 3.25 0.741


Norway; Storvannet

Lake St 3 0.207 4.42 0.958


Norway; Storvannet

Lake St 4 0.232 4.63 1.04

Horii et al. 2013 Japan Mean of 9 Tokyo area rivers 2.13 34.5 3.55Zhang et al. 2011 China Median of 25 samples; Songhua

River area0.579 5.10 2.83

NIVA 2016a Norway; Lake Mjosa

Station 1 – 0.500 –


Station 2 – 0.270 –


Station 3 – 0.175 –


Station 4 – 0.165 –


Station 5 – 0.135 –

NIVA 2016b Norway; Inner Oslofjord

Station Cm21 – 2.38 –

Sanchís, et al. 2013 Spain; Llobregat River

Before confluence 0.045 0.170 –


Confluence 0.267 0.368 –


After confluence 0.441 0.710 –

Sanchís, et al. 2013 Spain; Riera de Rubí

2.43 0.550 –


0.379 1.05 –


Before confluence 34.0 63.5 –

Hong et al. 2014 China; Huanghai Sea

Mean of 20 samples 0.023 0.340 0.051

Powell 2010 Norway; Inner Oslofjord

SED-013/014 (0-2 cm) 0.027 9.63 2.17


SED-019/020 (0-2 cm) 0.065 10.9 1.85


SED-021/022 (0-2 cm) 0.086 17.4 2.82


SED-025/026 (0-2 cm) 0.034 9.43 2.61

Powell 2010 Norway; Outer Oslofjord

SED-003/004 (0-2 cm) 0.001 0.371 0.382


SED-007/008 (0-2 cm) 0.001 0.390 0.390


SED-011/012 (0-2 cm) 0.001 0.176 0.246

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Background

Ö Gotlandsdjupet 0.550

0.150

0.075


Ö Öland 1.10 0.275

0.150


Norrköpingsdjupet 0.350

0.100

0.050

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Point source

Stenungsund 0.350

0.200

0.175

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Point source

Bay outside Stockvik (1/2) 0.350

0.200

0.175

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Dalarna Lake Bäsingen 0.475

0.230

0.180

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Dalarna Lake Venjan 1.18 0.575

0.450

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Jönköping Gröpplebäcken 0.400

0.860 0.150

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Kalmar Huligen 1.10 0.550 0.425Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Kalmar Virserum 0.17 0.085 0.065

3Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Kalmar Mouth of Emån 0.30

00.150

0.125

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Skåne Ivösjön 0.500

0.725

1.15

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Skåne Helsingborg 0.400

0.200

0.150

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Skåne Hammarsjön 0.500

0.250

0.200

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Skåne Storarydsdammen 0.700

0.350

0.250

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Stockholm

Himmerfjården 0.575

9.50 2.55

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Stockholm

St Envåttern 2.88 1.43 1.10

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Vårmland Vånern, Åsfjorden 0.700

1.85 9.80

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Vårmland Vånern, Kattfjorden 0.575

0.275

0.220

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Våsternorrland

SCA Östrand 0.400

0.195

0.150

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Östergötland

Skuten 0.700

1.30 0.275

Kaj, et al. 2005 Sweden; Östergötland

Roxen 1.13 0.550

0.425

Table S2. Chronic no effect concentrations (NOECs) of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in invertebrates (mg/kg-OC).

D4 Source Species Endpoint NOECMcNamara 1995 Chironomous dilutus Survival (≥4.0 %TOC) 1350McNamara 1995 Chironomous dilutus Survival (1.5-3.0 %TOC) 8000McNamara 1995 Chironomous dilutus Survival (<1 %TOC) 6500Krueger et al. 2008a Chironomous riparius Emergence ratio 1073Krueger et al. 2009 Lumbriculus variegatus Survival / Reproduction 5.41

Picard 2009a Lumbriculus variegatus Survival / Reproduction 591

D5 Source Species Endpoint NOECPicard 2009b Hyalella azteca Growth 2708Norwood et al. 2013 Hyalella azteca Growth – Lake Erie 12400Norwood et al. 2013 Hyalella azteca Growth – Lake Restoule 5827Ransom et al. 2005 Chironomous riparius Male development 3450Krueger et al 2008b Chironomous riparius Development rate 2188Velicogna et al 2012 Folsomia candida Survival / Reproduction 6500Velicogna et al 2012 Eisenia andrei Survival / Reproduction 69776Krueger et al. 2007 Lumbriculus variegatus Survival / Reproduction 34378

D6 Source Species Endpoint NOECKrueger et al 2010 Chironomous riparius Development rate / time 2781

Picard et al. 2010a Chironomous riparius Development rate / time 19375Picard et al. 2010b Lumbriculus variegatus Survival / Reproduction 13125

1 Value represents the EC10

Table S3. Environmental concentrations of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in benthic invertebrates (mg/kg-LW). A ‘ – ’ indicates that no value was reported.

Source Site Species D4 D5 D6Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin Midge (Chironomous) 0.888 18.1 1.31Powell et al. 2009 USA; L Pepin Mayfly larvae (Hexagenia) 0.309 3.90 0.148Seston 2015a-c; 2016d-f; 2017d-f

USA; L Pepin Zooplankton (2011, 2013, 2014) 0.091 1.09 0.078

Seston 2015a-f; 2016d-f; 2017d-f

USA; L Pepin Mayfly larvae (Hexagenia) (2011-2014)

0.219 2.36 0.083

Seston 2014a-f; 2016a-c; 2017a-c

Canada; L Ontario Mysis relicta 0.023 0.383 0.025

Powell 2010 Norway, Outer Oslofjord

Zooplankton 0.015 0.928 0.055


Mussel (sp A) 0.014 1.03 0.306


Mussel (sp B) – 0.537 –


Jellyfish – 0.065 –


Worms 0.016 1.25 0.405


Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) 0.010 0.495 0.029


Sea urchin (Brissopsis lyrifera) 0.154 4.16 3.16

Powell 2010 Norway, Inner Oslofjord

Zooplankton 0.379 49.6 0.397


Mussel (sp A) 0.036 34.1 1.12


Mussel (sp B) 0.021 4.47 0.213


Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) 0.018 5.33 0.120


Jellyfish – 1.20 –


Worms 2.69 173 6.27


Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) 0.100 3.72 0.104


Norway, Inner Oslofjord

Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) (2011-2014)

2.03 32.1 1.31

Borgå et al. 2012 Norway; Lake Mjøsa

Zooplankton; hypo – 3.60 –


Mysis relicta – 0.630 –


Zooplankton; epi – 0.340 –


Zooplankton; hypo 0.036 1.66 0.048


Mysis relicta 0.053 0.930 0.059

Borgå et al. 2013 Norway; Lake Randsfjorden

Zooplankton; epi – 0.250 –

Borgå et al. 2013 Norway; Lake Randsfjorden

Zooplankton; hypo 0.051 2.25 0.048

McGoldrick et al. 2014

Canada; Lake Erie Plankton – 1.73 –

McGoldrick et al. 2014

Canada; Lake Erie Mayfly larvae (Hexagenia) – 0.846 –

References

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ars.els-cdn.com · Web viewTable S1. Environmental concentrations of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5),