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ArrowheadWestonTransmission Line
Project
Dave Van HouseMinnesota Power
Description & Overview
220 mile 345,000 volt electric transmission line
Approved by the Minnesota and Wisconsin regulators in 2001
Construction Began in Minnesota February 2004
Construction to Begin in Wisconsin Fall 2004
Construction scheduled to be completed in 2008
Why was it proposed?
Reliability!!
Improves Regional System Security
Provides Maintenance & Operational Flexibility
Allows Customers Greater Access to Generation Sources
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Intertie Capacity vs Energy Usage by State
Per
Un
it I
nte
rtie
Cap
acit
y (k
VA
/GW
h)
Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Illinois Nebraska S. Dakota N. Dakota
RankLast
www.powerupwisconsin.com
Minnesota
Minnesota’s electric network is tied to neighboring states.
If Wisconsin has a problem, Minnesota has a problem.
Minnesota Power customers have been knocked off line by electric system disturbances related to the weak Minnesota-Wisconsin connection.
Recent Regional Problems
June 11, 1997
June 25, 1998
June 10, 1999
IMPACT OF June 25, 1998 DISTURBANCE
IN MAPP■ 60+ TRANSMISSION LINES TRIPPED■ 4,000+ MW OF GENERATION LOST■ More Than 39,000+ CUSTOMERS
AFFECTED
IN NW ONTARIO■ BLACK OUT TO 113,000 CUSTOMERS■ 650 MW OF LOAD LOST ■ 270 MW OF Generation Lost
Wisconsin Actions
1997 events raise concerns about electric supply reliability in Wisconsin
Wisconsin utilities and regulators form Wisconsin Reliability Assessment Organization (WRAO)
WRAO forms engineering group to study alternatives - WIRES group
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
DETAILED POWER FLOWS SIMULATION
GENERATOR RESPONSE
DYNAMIC STABILITY
VOLTAGE STABILITY
IMPACT ON MAPP
CONSTRUCTION COSTS
LOSS EVALUATION
Power Flow Analysis
Reactive Voltage Support Requirements
Steady State Maximum Transfer capability
Sensitivity to Modeling Assumptions
Transmission System Loss Analysis
Generator Response
Mechanical Stress on Weston Generator Shaft
■ Large Phase Angle Across MAPP MAIN Interface
■ Eau Claire Arpin Line Switching
■ Instanteous change in Power output
Dynamic Stability
Ability of Systems Generators to remain synchronized and recover from Major System Disturbance
MAPP WUMS Disturbances Loss of New Facilities Impact on Existing Limiting Conditions Dynamic Reactive Support Requirements
Voltage Stability
Ability of the System to Maintain Adequate Voltage Following a Disturbance
Without Adequate Voltage Support System can Experience■ Increased Current Demand (P = VI)■ Slowly Declining Voltage■ Loss of Voltage Sensitive Loads■ Voltage Collapse
Engineering to Support Permitting
Calculation of;■ AUDIBLE NOISE■ ELECTRIC FIELD■ MAGNETIC FIELD
Analysis of Potential Farm Impacts■ Stray Voltage■ Earth Currents
Magnetic Field Electric Field Spark Discharge
Multiple Routes Multiple Structures Multiple Circuits Multiple Flows Future Years
EMF Issues
Transmission Line Noise
Due to Corona Discharge■ Electric Field at surface of the conductor
exceeds the breakdown strength of air■ Generates light, audible noise radio noise
and energy losses
Mitigation■ Increase Conductor Surface area
• Larger Conductors• Multiple conductors
Substation Noise Monitoring
Long Term
Short Term
ExistingEquipment
Impact ofAdditions
Arrowhead Substation Noise
Other Engineering Issues
Differential GPS Interference (Precision Farming)
Electric & Magnetic Field
■ Impacts on Pacemakers and implantable Defibulators
■ Impacts on Railroad, Pipeline and AM Radio Transmitter sites
Opposition to the project:
Save Our Unique Lands Citizens Utility Board Wisconsin Environmental Decade North American Water Office Hillside Dairy World Organization of Landowner
Freedom
Common Utility Corridor
Visual Impact Of Crossing
Existing 161 kV H-Frame
954 ACSR 2-ConductorBundle with Shield Wire
Single 3M Composite Conductor
Post Permit Studies
Equipment Specification
Construction Support Analysis
Operating studies
Equipment Specifications Transient studies
■ Breaker Switching Duties• Shunt Reactor• Shunt Capacitor• 345 & 230 kV line breakers
■ Capacitor Bank Switching Issues• Voltage Magnification
■ Insulation Coordination• Surge Arrester rating & placement• Equipment BIL requirements• Line Insulation
Construction Impact Studies
Constructability■ Line outage concerns■ Maintenance issues■ Ownership Issues
Increased Cost Landowner Opposition
Operating Studies
Determination of Operating Limits■ Reactive Support Requirements
• Shunt Capacitor location optimization■ Line Loadability Issues
• System Intact and Post Contingency■ Phase Shifter Requirements
• Line load sharing optimization• Post Contingency requirements
■ New Flow-Gate Limits• System Intact and Post Contingency
Summary
Operating experience has shown there is a significant risk to electrical reliability in the upper Midwest and Wisconsin
Engineering study commissioned through Assembly Act 204
WRAO recommendation Arrowhead Weston 345 kV Line
Summary
The Arrowhead-Weston Project will substantially alleviate the reliability problems being experienced due to the weak electrical tie between the upper Midwest and Wisconsin.
It will also provide import capability for Wisconsin to meet its emergency power supply requirements.