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Your ref WS010003 ARROW ref 10024954 Nicola Escott ref 10024302 ARROW 1 - Responses to the Examining Authority’s First Written Questions and Requests for Information by Alan Watson (Public Interest Consultants) Incomplete Application Documents: 1. It is important to introduce this submission by noting our concerns about the application documents still being incomplete. 2. The minutes of the preliminary meeting (p8) record: Alan Watson for ARROW (AW) submitted that some documents (such as the hydro geological risk assessment) were incomplete. …. WML noted that the hydrogeological risk assessment was not in final form and would be submitted. …. They would produce a core documents list with their cited documents, where they were available”. 3. The full discussion at the preliminary meeting went further and WML promised to provide a copy of the Environmental Permit Application (which was said to include more recent documents than those in the planning application). 4. Following this promise by WML we expected copies of the latest reports, the core documents list and copies of the documents relied upon by WML to be provided soon after the preliminary meeting. As they did not materialise ARROW has sent a number of reminders about this via PINS yet there has still been no progress in relation to the supply of any final hydrogeological risk assessment nor of any core document list with documents relied upon by the applicant in the application. 5. As a last resort ARROW tried to obtain a copy of the Environmental Permit Application directly from the Environment Agency. Unfortunately the application is not yet available on the public register as it was only submitted after the preliminary meeting and has not yet been registered as being “duly made”. The Environment Agency is unable to provide copies of the documents they have received until the application is accepted as being “duly made”. 6. It is understood that the Environment Agency had expected that the application

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Page 1: ARROW 1 - Responses to the Examining Authority’s First ...... · Written Questions and Requests for Information by Alan Watson (Public Interest Consultants) ! ... Responses to the

Your ref WS010003 ARROW ref 10024954 Nicola Escott ref 10024302 ARROW 1 - Responses to the Examining Authority’s First

Written Questions and Requests for Information by

Alan Watson (Public Interest Consultants)  

Incomplete Application Documents:  

1. It  is  important  to  introduce  this  submission  by  noting  our  concerns  about  the  application  documents  still  being  incomplete.  

2. The  minutes  of  the  preliminary  meeting  (p8)  record:  

“Alan  Watson  for  ARROW  (AW)  submitted  that  some  documents  (such  as  the  hydro-­‐‑geological  risk  assessment)  were  incomplete.    

….  

WML  noted  that  the  hydro-­‐‑geological  risk  assessment  was  not  in  final  form  and  would  be  submitted.    

….  

They  would  produce  a  core  documents  list  with  their  cited  documents,  where  they  were  available”.  

3. The  full  discussion  at  the  preliminary  meeting  went  further  and  WML  promised  to  provide  a  copy  of  the  Environmental  Permit  Application  (which  was  said  to  include  more  recent  documents  than  those  in  the  planning  application).  

4. Following  this  promise  by  WML  we  expected  copies  of  the  latest  reports,  the  core  documents  list  and  copies  of  the  documents  relied  upon  by  WML  to  be  provided  soon  after  the  preliminary  meeting.    As  they  did  not  materialise  ARROW  has  sent  a  number  of  reminders  about  this  via  PINS  yet  there  has  still  been  no  progress  in  relation  to  the  supply  of  any  final  hydrogeological  risk  assessment  nor  of  any  core  document  list  with  documents  relied  upon  by  the  applicant  in  the  application.  

5. As  a  last  resort  ARROW  tried  to  obtain  a  copy  of  the  Environmental  Permit  Application  directly  from  the  Environment  Agency.    Unfortunately  the  application  is  not  yet  available  on  the  public  register  as  it  was  only  submitted  after  the  preliminary  meeting  and  has  not  yet  been  registered  as  being  “duly  made”.    The  Environment  Agency  is  unable  to  provide  copies  of  the  documents  they  have  received  until  the  application  is  accepted  as  being  “duly  made”.  

6. It  is  understood  that  the  Environment  Agency  had  expected  that  the  application  

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would  have  been  submitted  in  late  2013  so  that  the  application  could  be  effectively  run  in  parallel  with  the  planning  application  as  recommended  by  PPS10(§28).    There  is  now  a  real  concern  that  the  applicant  is  attempting  to  leave  many  of  the  issues  in  the  application  to  the  Environmental  Permit  when  they  are  actually  requirements  of  the  Infrastructure  Planning  (Environmental  Impact  Assessment)  Regulations  2009  (as  amended).    The  consequence  of  the  failure  of  the  applicant  to  provide  the  final  documents  that  were  promised  are  that  the  application  fails  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  Environmental  Assessment  Regulations.  

7. Furthermore  it  is  noted  that  Schedule  25,  Part  2,  paragraph  4(2)  to  the  Environmental  Permitting  (England  and  Wales)  Regulations  2010  SI  2010  No.  675  places  a  specific  responsibility  on  Waste  Planning  Authorities  (including  PINS/the  SoS  in  this  case)  to  consider  the  requirements  of  Annex  1,  paragraph  1.1  to  the  Landfill  Directive  when  considering  whether  or  not  to  grant  planning  permission  for  a  landfill.    

8. These  requirements  are  those  which  were  listed  in  the  Landfill  Regulations  2002:  the  distances  from  residential  and  recreational  areas;  the  proximity  to  water  sources;  geological  and  hydro-­‐‑geological  conditions;  the  risk  of  natural  disasters;  and  protection  of  the  site’s  heritage.  

9. In  this  case  the  application  is  deficient  in  relation  to  the  information  needed  to  properly  consider  all  these  issues    –  most  obviously  in  relation  to  the  Hydrogeological  Risk  Assessment  (HRA)  which  is  currently  only  provided  in  an  incomplete  preliminary  draft  form  dated  December  2013.    As  the  documents  promised  by  WML  have  not  been  provided  ARROW  has  not  yet  been  able  to  prepare  a  response  on  issues  which  may  be  affected  by  them.    This  obviously  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to,  the  geological  and  hydro-­‐‑geological  matters.    A  range  of  other  issues  are  affected  because  ARROW  does  not  have  the  resources  to  retain  consultants  to  review  and  respond  to  documents  which  are  not  final  or  complete  and  face  the  risk  that  the  issues  may  have  to  be  re-­‐‑visited  at  additional  expense  when  new  information  becomes  available.  

10. The  present  responses  therefore  include  answers  to  questions  put  specifically  to  ARROW  together  with  submissions  on  health  concerns  and  perception  of  risk.    We  will  certainly  want  to  respond  in  detail  to  other  issues,  including  ground  water  and  hydrogeological  matters,  when  we  have  access  to  the  complete  and  final  application  documents.    

11. Assuming  the  missing  documents  and  Environmental  Permit  application  are  now  provided  promptly  the  response  by  ARROW  on  the  remaining  issues  will  now  have  to  be  made  by  the  8th  July  deadline.  

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Responses to the Examining Authority’s First Written Questions and Requests for Information  

12. This  section  of  the  report  responds  to  specific  questions  about  which  ARROW  was  asked  to  comment.  

Input Rates

13. In  s.3.4  the  Applicant,  EA,  LCC;  WLBC;  ARROW  were  asked:  

Chapter  3  of  the  ES  sets  out  the  proposed  maximum  input  rates  to  the  landfill  void  (150,000  tonnes  per  annum  (tpa)).  If  these  input  rates  are  achieved,  they  would  secure  the  filling/restoration  of  the  site  by  the  end  of  the  permitted  period.    

a)  How  do  these  input  rates  compare  with  the  rates  which  have  been  achieved  historically  at  the  site?    

b)  Can  evidence  be  provided  of  the  likely  source  and  quantities  of  the  hazardous  waste  arisings  which  would  be  deposited  at  this  site  in  order  to  demonstrate  the  actual  input  levels  likely  to  be  achieved?    

c)  To  what  extent  could  the  hazardous  waste  arisings  identified  in  b.  be  processed  in  alternative  facilities  which  are  geographically  closer  to  the  source  of  the  arisings  or  which  are  at  a  higher  level  in  the  waste  hierarchy  than  landfill?    

d)  In  the  event  that  the  input  rates  are  not  achieved,  what  would  be  the  implications  for  the  restoration  of  the  site  at  the  end  of  the  permitted  period?    

e)  Would  any  potential  changes  to  input  rates  fall  within  the  parameters  assessed  in  the  ES?    

14. Addressing  these  points  in  turn:  

a)  How  do  these  input  rates  compare  with  the  rates  which  have  been  achieved  historically  at  the  site?  

15. The  full  information  needed  to  answer  this  question  is  difficult  to  obtain  as  is  probably  only  available  to  the  applicant.    The  Environment  Agency  public  register  should  provide  sufficient  information  to  address  the  question  for  these  purposes  but  when  it  was  inspected  to  collect  information  to  respond  to  this  application  it  was  found  to  be  seriously  incomplete  and  much  of  the  information  required  by  the  Regulations  to  be  provided  to  the  public  was  not  readily  available.    The  Environment  Agency  staff  were  helpful  and  apologetic  about  this  explaining  that  the  public  registers  are  not  frequently  visited  and  so  their  regular  upkeep  has  not  been  a  high  priority.  A  request  has  been  made  to  the  Environment  Agency  for  copies  of  the  missing  data  but  this  has  not  yet  arrived.    If  it  is  supplied  in  time  for  the  next  tranche  of  responses  then  this  submission  will  be  updated.    

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16. The  information  on  the  Environment  Agency  public  register  on  operator  declared  site  inputs  since  2012  is:    

Year   Quarter   Input  Tonnes   Remaining  Void  M3  2014   1   11,965.75   51,048  2013   4   11,154.96   57,196  2013   3   23,870.68   64,172  2013   2   32,668.60   57,650  2013   1   8,316   68,500  2012   4   4,438.97   73,610  2012   3   4,570.72   81,055  2012   2   8,061.96   84,087  2012   1   19,717.72   99,587  

17. The  total  inputs  claimed  for  2013  were  76,009  tonnes  and  for  2012  inputs  were  36,789  tonnes.    It  can  be  seen  that  for  the  majority  of  the  time  the  site  inputs  have  been  very  low  and  only  in  the  second  and  third  quarters  of  2013  was  there  any  activity  which  approached  the  projected  input  rate  in  the  application.    This  was  a  short  burst,  however,  and  has  never  been  maintained  over  a  longer  period  of  time.    

18. Furthermore  there  is  clearly  some  anomalous  reporting  of  the  remaining  void  space  –  most  notably  for  the  3rd  Quarter  of  2013  where  the  claimed  remaining  void  space  increases  in  spite  of  higher  rates  of  input  into  the  site.    The  site  input  and  voidspace  figures  cannot  both  be  correct  and  a  reply  is  awaited  from  the  Environment  Agency  for  an  explanation  of  these  data.  

19. The  PEIR  (§4.4)  and  the  ES  (§4.2.1)  claim  “Although  landfilling  is  permitted  at  the  site  until  2018  due  to  the  current  hazardous  waste  input  rates  it  is  anticipated  that  the  current  landfill  area  will  be  filled  by  the  end  of  2015”.    

20. This  claim  seems  unlikely  to  be  achieved  in  practice  and  the  latest  operator  report  for  the  end  of  the  first  quarter  of  2014  indicated  that  the  site  still  had  4.75  years  remaining  capacity.  

21. Other  information  just  supplied  by  the  Environment  Agency  from  their  national  data  base  indicates  that  the  input  rates  were  slightly  higher  for  2013,    the  reasons  for  the  difference  are  unclear  and  an  explanation  is  being  sought  from  the  Environment  Agency.    

Year   Input     Treatment  

2013   88,008.8   261.2  

2012   37,183.69   842.5  

2011   27,047.78   849.27  

2010   26,752.75    

2009   26,388.76    

2008   35,917.96    

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22. Even  with  the  higher  input  rates  for  2013,  however,  the  site  averaged  only    just  over  40,000  tpa  over  the  period  from  2008  to  2013  and  had  a  maximum  input  of    less  than  60%  of  the  fill  rate  that  must  be  averaged  through  to  2035  if  the  completion  date  in  the  application  is  to  be  met.  

23. The  interceptor  treatment  facility  input  rates  are  also  very  low  compared  with  the  application  rate  of  20,000  tpa.    The  Environment  Agency  data  shows  that  the  annual  inputs  have  not  exceeded  5%  of  this  rate.  

b)  Can  evidence  be  provided  of  the  likely  source  and  quantities  of  the  hazardous  waste  arisings  which  would  be  deposited  at  this  site  in  order  to  demonstrate  the  actual  input  levels  likely  to  be  achieved?    

24. Again  we  are  largely  reliant  on  the  applicant  to  provide  information  in  support  of  their  case  as  the  application  currently  contains  credible  indication  of  sources  of  waste  to  justify  an  enormous  increase  in  throughput  over  a  long  period  of  time.        

25. The  applicant  faces  two  fundamental  problems  in  attempting  to  promote  additional  waste  disposal  by  landfill  at  the  bottom  of  the  waste  hierarchy:  

i)     the  total  arisings  of  hazardous  waste  arising  are  falling  

ii)    demand  for  hazardous  waste  landfill  is  reducing  as  the  hazardous  wastes  which  are  still  being  produced  are  increasingly  recovered  or  treated  by  other  more  sustainable  and  environmentally  sound  options  higher  up  the  waste  hierarchy  

26. The  most  recent  Environment  Agency  summary  data1  covers  the  period  to  2012  and  clearly  shows  these  trends  in  hazardous  waste  arisings  over  the  period  since  2000  -­‐‑  and  particularly  how  steeply  the  demand  for  hazardous  waste  landfill  has  fallen:  

                                                                                               1  http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140328084622/http://cdn.environment-­‐‑agency.gov.uk/lit8765_794dfc.pdf    

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 27. The  summary  also  shows  that  only  about  20%  of  hazardous  waste  arisings  

were  landfilled  in  2012:  

 28. Data  published  by  the  Environment  Agency  and  included  in  the  responses  to  

the  Section  47  consultation  (See  Appendix  CONSAQ  pp1-­‐‑11)  has  been  updated  to  include  the  2012  Figures2.    

29. The  more  recent  data  shows  that  Lancashire  continues  to  be  a  significant  net  importer  of  hazardous  waste  importer  of  wastes  from  outside  the  North-­‐‑West  region  with  imports  exceeding  exports  by  13,567  tonnes.    For  the  North-­‐‑West  region  imports  exceeded  exports  by  214,874  tonnes:  

                                                                                               2    http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140328084622/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/data/150326.aspx  

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 30. In  2011  69,542  tonnes  of  Hazardous  waste  was  landfilled  in  the  North-­‐‑West  

and  this  fell  to  just  54,955  tonnes  in  2012:  

 31. The  claimed  150,000  tpa  input  is  equivalent  to  Whitemoss  capturing  more  

waste  than  the  entire  market  for  the  North-­‐‑West  AND  the  Yorkshire  and  the  Humber.  That  is  completely  implausible  given  the  number  of  operational  sites  and  the  high  level  of  competion:  

 32. The  Environment  Agency  did  not  update  the  figures  for  landfill  capacity  in  

2012  but  they  confirm  that  voidspace  has  been  used  for  78,000  tonnes  of  landfilled  waste.    Assuming  an  average  density  of  1.5  tonnes/m3  3  then  the  2011  void  space  would  be  depleted  by  c.52,000  m3.    This  would  leave  the  landfill  capacity  in  the  North  West  for  merchant  hazardous  waste  sites  at  around  5,000,000  m3  made  up  of  c.1,800,000  m3  at  Minosus  in  Cheshire,  3,100,000  m3  at  Randle  Island  in  Merseyside  and  just  less  than  1,000,000  m3  at  White  moss  in  Lancashire.  This  is  sufficient  landfill  capacity  for  more  than  7.5  million  tonnes  of  hazardous  waste.    On  top  of  this  are  landfill  sites  in  Lancashire,  Greater  Manchester  and  Cumbria  with  large  cells  for  Stable  Non-­‐‑Reactive  Hazardous  Wastes.    

                                                                                               3  this  is  likely  to  be  conservative  as  many  hazardous  wastes  have  a  higher  density  than  this  –  glass  from  CRT  tubes,  for  example,  has  a  density  of  c.3  tonnes/m3  and  a  mixture  typical  of  a  C&D  waste  would  be  c.2  tonnes/m3  

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33. Together  this  represents  an  enormous  landbank  representing  about  100  years  supply  at  current  rates  of  usage.    

34. It  is  suggested  by  the  applicant  that  the  Randle  site  is  really  a  restricted  site  annual.  This  is  clearly  incorrect  and  Ineos  advertises  the  site  as  being  “Strategically  located  to  serve  all  areas  of  the  North  West”  from  which  it  is  able  “to  receive  a  wide  range  of  hazardous  waste  materials”  and  notes  that  the  site  is  “fully  permitted  to  Pollution  Prevention  and  Control  Regulations”4.    

35. It  is  also  suggested  by  the  applicant  that  the  Randle  site  needs  to  be  dedicated  to  the  disposal  of  residues  from  the  Runcorn  incinerator.  This  is  not  correct.    The  Runcorn  Energy  from  Waste  Facility  operated  by  Ineos  has  a  maximum  capacity  of  850,000  tonnes  per  annum  and  as  only  the  air  pollution  control  residues  are  normally  treated  as  hazardous  wastes  by  the  Environment  Agency  this  is  likely  to  account  for  no  more  than  25,000  tonnes  of  the  annual  capacity.    This  leaves  generous  provision  for  the  rest  of  the  North-­‐‑West  landfill  needs  within  an  annual  limit  of  150,000  tonnes.  It  should  be  noted  that  both  the  Randle  and  Minosus  sites  can  receive  incinerator  residues.  

36. Whilst  there  is  already  more  than  sufficient    hazardous  waste  capacity  it  is  also  important  to  recognise  that  the  trend  for  landfill  disposal  of  hazardous  waste  has  been  a  steep  fall  since  the  early  part  of  the  last  decade  when  an  average  of  284,000  tonnes  per  annum  were  landfilled  in  the  North-­‐‑West  with  a  maximum  of  392,308  tonnes  in  2004.  In  2011  the  tonnage  was  less  than  70,000  tonnes  and  this  fell  to  under  55,000  tonnes  in  2012.    The  average  tonnage  disposed  to  over  the  period  since  2008  has  been  only  just  over  70,000  tonnes  –  about  25%  of  the  average  landfilled  tonnage  from  five  years  earlier.  It  is  perhaps  not  surprising,  therefore,  that  when  considering  England  and  Wales  as  a  whole,  there  are  consistently  large  net  movements  of  hazardous  waste  into  the  North-­‐‑  West  in  2012  with  the  Region  handling  716,463  tonnes  of  wastes  (16.2%  of  the  UK  total)  but  with  arisings  of  495,373  (11.6%  of  the  UK  total):  

 37. It  is  also  striking  that  more  than  30%  of  the  hazardous  waste  landfill  capacity  

                                                                                               4  http://www.ineos.com/businesses/ineos-chlorvinyls/products/  

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in  England  and  Wales  is  already  sited  in  the  North-­‐‑West  –  more  than  any  other  region  apart  from  the  neighbouring  North-­‐‑East  with  43.3%5:  

 38. With  >73%  of  the  landfill  capacity  in  the  north  of  the  country  sensible  spatial  

distribution  requires  that  provision  of  new  capacity  should  be  outside  these  regions  and  in  those  areas  with  much  lower  capacity  .  

39. It  is  correct  that  the  White  moss  permit  covers  a  larger  number  of  European  waste  categories  (230)  than  the  alternative,  much  larger,  sites  in  the  Region.  The  permit  for  Randle  covers  144  waste  categories  and  the  Minosus  Permit  includes  42  waste  categories.  Whitemoss  does  not,  however,  landfill  wastes  from  the  majority  of  these  categories.  The  information  available  indicates  that  the  site  uses  less  than  25%  of  the  permitted  categories  and  around  80%  of  the  waste  landfilled  falls  within  about  3%  of  the  permitted  categories.    In  2012,  for  example,  c.82%  of  the  site  inputs  fell  within  just  7  waste  codes:  Arising from: EWC_Code ShortClass Tonnage % input

North West 170503 soil and stones containing dangerous substances

17468.42 48.9%

North West 101111 waste glass in small particles and glass powder containing heavy metals (for example from cathode ray tubes)

4020.54 11.2%

West Midlands 170503 soil and stones containing dangerous substances

2767.19 7.7%

North West 170605 construction materials containing asbestos

1606.35 4.5%

Yorks & Humber 190813 sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water

1242.16 3.5%

North West 170301 bituminous mixtures containing coal tar

1099.5 3.1%

North West 170106 mixtures of, or separate fractions of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing dangerous substances

970.04 2.7%

 

40. It  can  be  seen  from  the  full  input  data  that  more  than  80%  of  the  site  input  

                                                                                               5  This is based on Environment Agency data from 2011 as that is the last year for which it is available.  

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comes  from  the  North-­‐‑West.  

41. Furthermore  the  waste  groups  for  Randle  and  Minosus  are  so  widely  defined  that  together  they  cover  all  the  significant  waste  streams  landfilled  at  White  moss.  At  the  recent  Lancashire  EIP  neither  the  joint  Authorities  nor  the  applicant  could  cite  a  single  waste  stream  which  was  landfilled  at  Whitemoss  but  which  could  not  be  landfilled  at  other  sites  in  the  North-­‐‑West.  

42. More  than  70%  of  the  waste  input  to  Whitemoss  is  EWC  category  17  construction  waste.  The  applicant  suggests  that  the  explanation  for  the  low  levels  of  inputs  to  the  site  are  due  to  the  recession  and  the  associated  fall  in  waste  arising.      

43. The  applicant  says,  for  example6:  

 “While  the  amount  of  waste  disposed  of  at  Whitemoss  has  reduced  recently  when  compared  to  previous  years,  this  is  explained  by  the  recession  and  reduced  activity  in  the  construction  industry”.  

44. Optimistically  (from  the  applicants  perspective)  they  continued:  

 “This  situation  can  be  expected  to  change.  As  the  economy  recovers,  the  hazardous  waste  inputs  are  expected  to  increase”.  

45. There  is  no  evidence  in  the  application  to  support  this  hypothesis  and  it  certainly  does  not  stand  closer  scrutiny.  When  the  arisings  of  C&D  waste  and  asbestos  for  the  North-­‐‑West  are  plotted  it  can  be  seen  that  they  peaked  in  2004  –  pre-­‐‑dating  the  recession  and  the  only  year  when  arisings  exceeded  150,000  tpa  -­‐‑  and  have  steadily  fallen  since.      This  is  much  more  likely  to  reflect  the  steady  increase  in  the  use  alternative  solutions  such  as  bio-­‐‑remediation,  in-­‐‑situ  and  ex-­‐‑situ  treatments  reflecting  the  higher  costs  of  the  outmoded  “dig  and  dump”  approach:  

                                                                                               6  Appendix CONSC §10 p3 of the submission to the “JOINT LANCASHIRE MINERALS & WASTE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (SUBMITTED SITE ALLOCATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT POLICIES DPD) POLICY LF3 - LAND AT WHITEMOSS LANDFILL, SKELMERSDALE”  

 

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 46. The  national  picture  also  shows  that  C&D  waste  peaked  in  2004  and  has  

plummeted  since.    There  is  also  a  steady  increase  in  ex-­‐‑situ  treatment  capacity  for  these  wastes:  

   47. It  is  notable  that  in  2013  the  Secretary  of  State  approved  a  Development  

Consent  Order  for  the  East  Northamptonshire  Resource  Management  Facility  (ENRMF)  at  Kings  Cliffe,  Northamptonshire.    That  was  also  for  150,000  tpa  capacity  but  it  included  an  extension  of  the  soil  treatment  facility  from  100,000  to  150,000  tpa  thus  helping  to  move  waste  up  the  hierarchy.    Furthermore  the  landfill  had  received  an  average  of  132,000  tpa  of  waste  since  2005.    

48. Similarly  Peel  Environmental  is  currently  proposing  to  develop  a  hazardous  waste  management  facility  at  Perry’s  Farm  on  The  Isle  of  Grain,  Kent.  That  proposal  also  includes  a  contaminated  and  hazardous  soil  treatment  and  recycling  centre,  air  pollution  control  treatment  and  disposal,  and  landfill.  The  facility  will  process  in  the  order  of  150,000  tonnes  of  waste  per  year.    This  offers  a  much  wider  range  of  treatment  options  above  disposal  in  the  waste  hierarchy  than  are  proposed  by  Whitemoss  and,  like  Kings  Cliffe  is  significantly  closer  to  major  sources  arisings  in  an  area  with  much  less  comprehensive  coverage  than  

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the  North  of  England.    Work  is  proposed  to  start  on  the  site  in  late  2015  and  the  proposed  operational  period  is  from  2016    until  2046.  

49. Conclusion  

50. The  most  recent  Environment  Agency  data  therefore  confirms  the  previous  conclusions  that  Lancashire  already  makes  disproportionately  large  provision  for  the  treatment  of  hazardous  wastes  and  that  provision  of  additional  landfill  capacity  is  both  unnecessary  and  would  be  likely  to  undermine  the  waste  hierarchy.    

51. There  is  more  than  sufficient  additional  hazardous  waste  landfill  capacity  in  the  North-­‐‑West.  The  arguments  about  limited  waste  types  and  mistaken  claims  by  the  applicant  about  Randle  Island  Landfill  being  a  restricted  site  are  red  herrings.  When  challenged  at  the  recent  EIP  neither  the  Joint  Authorities  nor  the  applicant  were  able  to  identify  any  actual  waste  arisings  which  are  (or  could  be)  landfilled  at  White  moss  but  not  treated  elsewhere  in  the  North-­‐‑West.  In  most  cases  the  alternative  sites  would  probably  also  be  more  proximate  to  the  actual  arisings  consistently  with  the  proximity  requirements  of  Article  16(3)  of  Directive  2008/98/EC  on  waste.    

52. No  extension  to  Whitemoss  Landfill  is  needed  for  Lancashire,  the  North-­‐‑West  or  for  England  and  Wales.  Additional  provision  in  these  circumstances  undermines  the  waste  hierarchy,  increases  the  distance  waste  travels,  unreasonably  extends  completion  periods  and  the  time  for  which  sites  blight  their  neighbours.  This  is  not  sustainable  and  would  not  be  consistent  with  the  NPPF.  

c)  To  what  extent  could  the  hazardous  waste  arisings  identified  in  b.  be  processed  in  alternative  facilities  which  are  geographically  closer  to  the  source  of  the  arisings  or  which  are  at  a  higher  level  in  the  waste  hierarchy  than  landfill?    

53. This  should  have  been  included  in  the  application  as  the  Environmental  Assessment  regulations  require  the  applicant  to  produce  an  outline  of  the  main  alternatives  studied  by  the  applicant  and  an  indication  of  the  main  reasons  for  the  applicant’s  choice,  taking  into  account  the  environmental,  social  and  economic  effects.  This  has  only  been  done  in  the  most  superficial  way  in  this  case.    No  consideration  was  given,  for  example,  to  the  fact  that  due  to  the  restoration  conditions  on  the  current  site  it  should  be  assessed  in  planning  terms  as  a  greenfield  site.  Yet  it  is  only  due  to  the  existing  site,  which  was  never  originally  planner  or  intended  as  a  hazardous  waste  site  in  any  case,    that  the  extension  is  now  proposed.  

54. We  will  address  this  when  question  in  detail  when  the  applicant  have  indicated  what  source  they  rely  on  for  their  projected  capacity.  

d)  In  the  event  that  the  input  rates  are  not  achieved,  what  would  be  the  

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implications  for  the  restoration  of  the  site  at  the  end  of  the  permitted  period?    

55. The  current  site  has  required  a  total  of  eight  extensions  to  the  planning  permission  as  a  result  of  over-­‐‑optimism  by  the  applicant  about  the  rate  at  which  it  could  be  completed.    The  enormous  capacity  of  the  proposed  extension  and  the  reduction  in  waste  arisings  mean  that  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  extension  might  never  be  capped  and  completed.    This  would  leave  the  site  as  an  enormous  environmental  liability  with  different  consequences  depending  on  how  much  waste  was  in  place.    With  limited  waste  inputs  then  avoiding  basal  heave  and  the  lifting  of  the  liner  by  external  groundwater  could  be  difficult;    at  a  later  stage,  as  drainage  could  not  be  secured  by  capping  there  would  be  increased  difficulties  in  maintaining  an  inward  hydraulic  gradient  from  groundwater  to  the  site.  As  the  leachate  levels  rose  the  hydraulic  flow  would  reverse  and  leachate  would  flow  through  the  liner  and  directly  into  groundwater.    

e)  Would  any  potential  changes  to  input  rates  fall  within  the  parameters  assessed  in  the  ES?    

56. This  seems  unlikely  as  the  ES  does  not  address  the  implications  of  differing  input  rates  or  any  completion  date  other  than  2035.  

 

   

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58. General  Amenity  

59. ARROW  was  specifically  requested  to  respond  to  four  questions  (3.26-­‐‑  3.29)  under  the  heading  of  General  Amenity.    The  answers  to  these  questions  are  included  in  this  section.  

60. In  s.3.26  West  Lancashire  Borough  Council  (WLBC),  LCC,  St  Helens  Council  (SHC),  EA,  IPs,  ARROW  and  the  Applicant  were  asked:  

The  applicant  has  carried  out  a  quantitative  assessment  of  the  potential  effects  of  odour.  However,  the  subjective  nature  of  this  approach  can  increase  difficultly  in  determining  the  validity  of  the  assessment  conclusions.  Has  the  applicant’s  approach  been  agreed  with  relevant  consultees?  Is  there  any  more  objective  methodology  which  might  be  applied  to  the  assessment  of  odour  impacts  at  the  application  site?  

61. It  is  not  clear  why  it  is  considered  that  the  approach  adopted  by  the  applicant  represents  a  quantitative  assessment  of  potential  odour  effects.    The  ES  says  (§19.2.3)  “  The  assessment  of  the  effects  has  been  prepared  based  on  a  qualitative  assessment  of  the  likely  impacts  and  any  specific  comments  raised  during  the  pre-­‐‑application  consultation”  (my  emphasis).    It  is  hoped  that  the  Environmental  Permit  will  include  a  quantitative  assessment  as  the  ES  says  (§21.4)  “  The  assessment  of  the  effects  has  been  prepared  based  on  a  qualitative  assessment  of  the  likely  impacts  and  any  specific  comments  raised  during  the  pre-­‐‑application  consultation.”  When  a  copy  of  the  quantitative  assessment  included  in  the  Environmental  Permit  application  has  been  provided  we  will  review  it  and  submit  our  further  comments.    It  is  certainly  possible  to  assess  the  likely  presence  of  odorous  volatile  organic  compounds  (VOC)  in  the  waste  stream  and  assess  their  concentrations  both  on  and  off  the  site  in  terms  of  odour  thresholds.    Dincer  et  al  (2006)7  for  example  found  a  statistically  significant  linear  relationship  was  found  between  odour  concentrations  determined  by  olfactometry  and  total  VOC  concentrations.  They  also  examined  the  relationships  of  odour  concentrations  with  the  different  groups  of  chemicals  using  a  multiple  regression  analysis  and  found  that  the  concentrations  of  aldehydes,  ketones,  and  esters  are  the  best  estimators,  explaining  96%  of  the  variability  in  odour  concentrations.    We  hope  that  the  Environmental  Permit  application  contains  a  quantitative  approach  of  this  type  based  on  on-­‐‑site  analysis  of  VOCs.    

62. In  s3.27  WLBC,  LCC,  SHC,  EA,  IPs,  ARROW  and  the  Applicant  were  asked:  

63. What  evidence  is  there  to  support  the  applicant’s  argument  that  hazardous  waste  does  not  produce  significant  odorous  emissions  (ES  Paragraph  19.4.5)?  

                                                                                               7  Dincer,  Faruk,  Mustafa  Odabasi,  and  Aysen  Muezzinoglu.  2006.  Chemical  characterization  of  odorous  gases  at  a  landfill  site  by  gas  chromatography–mass  spectrometry.  J  Chromatogr  A  1122  (1–2):  222-­‐‑229.    

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What  controls  could  be  put  in  place  to  ensure  that  the  site  does  not  receive  waste  which  is  potentially  odorous?  

64. The  applicant  clearly  accepts  that  hazardous  landfill  sites  can  produce  odours  –  and  the  five  enforcement  notices  and  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  operator  by  the  Environment  Agency  show  that  odours  have  arisen  from  the  site  in  the  past.    At  the  time  of  the  majority  of  the  odour  problems  the  operators  consistently  denied  any  responsibility  for  the  generation  of  these  odours.  The  applicant  now  accepts,  however,  (ES§16.3.8)  that  “four  of  the  five  air  pollution  incidents  relate  to  landfill  odours  and  one  relates  to  chemical  odour”.  They  say  that  the  landfill  odour  “related  to  operational  issues  at  the  site  which  were  addressed  at  the  time”.    The  previous  refusal  of  the  operator  to  accept  any  responsibility  for  the  odours,  particularly  at  the  time  in  2005-­‐‑6  has  left  a  legacy  of  mistrust  with  the  residents  around  the  site  who  were  so  badly  affected  by  these  incidents.    Furthermore  residents  remain  convinced  that  more  recent  odour  problems  are  related  to  the  site  (see  ES  §19.3.3)  are  related  to  operations  at  the  site  but  that  the  operators  are  following  the  same  approach  to  denial  that  they  now  de  facto  admit  they  adopted  previously.  

65. Many  of  the  wastes  categories  included  in  the  permit  are  potentially  odourous  and  the  applicant  accepts  (ES§19.4.5)  that  “Odour  emissions  may  be  generated  from  the  importation  and  landfilling  of  odorous  wastes”.  It  is  correct  that  if  the  inputs  of  putrescible  material  are  minimised  then  the  generation  of  methane  can  be  limited.    This  certainly  does  not  mean,  however,  that  “it  is  unlikely  that  significant  odorous  emissions  would  be  generated  from  imported  wastes”.  

66. Over  300  trace  compounds  have  been  identified  in  gases  from  landfill  sites.    The  unpleasant  odours  are  usually    associated    mainly  with    the  sulphur-­‐‑containing  compounds,  primarily  mercaptans  and  sulphides  but  also  alkylbenzenes,  limonene  and  certain  esters.    The  vast  range  of  trace  compounds  measured  in  LFG  is  a  reflection  of  both  the  anaerobic  decomposition  processes  taking  place  in  the  waste  mass  and  the  wide    range  of  chemicals  introduced    in  the  waste  streams.    These  compounds  can  be  found  in  several  of  the  major  waste  streams  for  which  the  site  is  permitted  –  not  least  because  the  waste  categories  in  the  permit  are  often  very  wide  and  allow  huge  range  of  contaminants  in  soil,  for  example.    These  can  then  generate  odourous  compounds  through  anaerobic  processes  so  ensuring  that  no  putrescible  wastes  were  allowed  on  the  site  along  with  much  more  effective  analysis  of  site  inputs  should  help  to  reduce  emissions  but  they  are  very  hard  to  eliminate  completely  from  mixed  waste  landfills.    

67. In  s3.28  WLBC,  LCC,  SHC,  EA,  IPs,  ARROW  and  the  Applicant  were  asked:  

reference  is  made  in  relevant  representations  to  complaints  of  odour  from  the  site.  What  is  the  history  of  odour  complaints  relating  to  the  application  site,  and  what  evidence  is  available  to  demonstrate  that  the  odour  emanated  

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from  the  operation  of  the  existing  landfill  site?  Are  there  other  potential  sources  of  odour  within  the  vicinity  of  the  site?  

68. The  odours  from  the  site  are  particularly  distinctive  and  unlike  those  from,  for  example,  the  spreading  of  sewage  sludge.    Many  residents  have  come  to  recognise  the  characteristics  of  the  sites  odours  from  their  own  experience  and  then  comparing  it  to  the  smells  that  are  undeniably  coming  from  the  site  such  as  can  be  picked  up  from  time  to  time  along  the  adjacent  footpath  or  roadway.    There  was  certainly  more  regular  and  more  powerful  odour  nuisance  from  the  site  in  the  middle  or  the  last  decade  than  there  has  been  since  but  the  reality  is  that  many  residents  have  become  disillusioned  with  the  response  that  they  have  received  from  either  the  Environment  Agency  or  the  Environmental  Health  department  and  have  simply  stopped  complaining.    It  is  hoped  that  residents  will  speak  to  their  own  experience  of  odours  at  the  open  sessions.  

69. In  s.3.29  WLBC,  LCC,  SHC,  EA,  IPs,  ARROW  and  the  Applicant  were  asked:  

70. To  what  extent  is  the  existing  gas  management  system  effective  in  minimising  or  eliminating  significant  odour  impacts?  Would  the  existing  gas  flare  stay  in  its  current  position;  would  its  use  be  extended  beyond  2020,  and  how  far  is  the  gas  flare  from  the  nearest  residential  property?  Where  would  any  future  gas  flares  be  located  and  what  would  be  the  distance  between  any  future  gas  flares  and  existing  properties?  

71. We  sought  information  from  the  Environment  Agency  about  analysis  of  the  gas  from  the  site  and  emissions  from  the  flare  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  the  flare  at  destroying  odorous  compounds.    Whilst  this  information  should  have  been  on  the  public  register  we  found  that  it  was  not.    We  will  therefore  respond  more  fully  when  the  data  we  have  requested  is  supplied  by  the  Environment  Agency.