Arrival Charts and Procedures

Arrival Charts and Procedures

Overview• Surface Safety and Departure

Safety• Standard Departure Procedures• Takeoff Minimums• Alternate Minimums

• SIDs• ODPs• VCOA Departures• RNAV Departures• VFR Departures

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Transition from Enroute• Can be done with:• Direct to Initial Approach Fix (IAF)• Visual Arrival• STARs• Radar Vectors

• Expect to only be vectored in controlled airspace• PIC may request in uncontrolled airspace• If given a vector, expect advisement on what vector is to achieve


IPG 4-1

Top of Descent• Why does it matter?• Descending early results in increased fuel consumption• Descending late results in uncontrolled descent rates and airspeeds

• TOD is calculated either manually or automatically with an FMS


IPG 4-1

Distance to Begin Descent = Altitude to Lose1000

x 3( )

Approach Gate• Imaginary point used by ATC to vector aircraft onto final approach

course• Established along the final approach course 1 NM from Final

Approach Fix• Used primarily with FMS to calculate and obtain a TOD


IPG 4-1

Descents• Control airspeed and rate of descent• Harder to do in larger turbine and turbo-charged aircraft

(speed limits)• Descending too quickly could over speed the aircraft

• Reciprocating engines succumb to shock-cooling• Manage temperature and engine performance for engine longevity


IPG 4-2

Descent Planning• Calculate Time, Fuel and

Distance to descend prior to flight• Use chart within the POH


IPG 4-3

Mathematical Calculations


IPG 4-5

Example E6-B Calculation


IPG 4-7

Cleared For Approach• Controllers use PHAC (or PTAC):• Position• Heading• Altitude• Clearance

• “Gulfstream 5732S, 3 miles from NESTY, turn right heading 250 degrees, maintain 3200 until established on the localizer, cleared ILS 28R approach.”


IPG 4-6

Radar Out Of Service• What altitude should you use?• Use transition altitudes• Normally transitions are given in the form of:• DME Arc• Procedure Turns• Holds

• If one of these doesn’t exist:• Follow Minimum Safe Altitude then Descend


IPG 4-6


Minimum Safe Altitude

Procedure Turn

DME Arc

Arc Altitude

PLAN VIEW

PROFILE VIEW

Procedure Turn AltitudeProcedure Turn Inbound

Altitude

Present Position Direct• Maintain last assigned altitude until established on a segment of the

approach• “Citation 9724J, 2 miles from HEATT, cleared present position direct

WILBA, cleared for the Palm Beach ILS Runway 10L approach, contact Palm Beach Tower on 119.1 when established inbound.”


IPG 4-7



PLAN VIEWPROFILE VIEW

Transition to Arrival• Radar Vectors

• For instrument approaches (not for visual approaches)• Vectors for final approach course when within 2 NM of initial approach point (IAP)• ATC must tell the pilot if they are vectoring them through the final approach course

• “Expect Vectors across final for spacing”

• Normal transition unless:• Ceiling greater than 500 feet above MVA• Visibility greater than 3NM• If visual approach specifically requested by flight crew


IPG 4-7

Radar Vectors• Precision Approach• Aircraft must be at an altitude to accept glide slope from below

• Nonprecision Approach• Aircraft must be at an altitude that allows normal descent


IPG 4-7

Aircraft 1


IPG 4-10

• At specified altitude for segment• Established on that segment• “Seven miles from X-RAY, cleared for the ILS

runway 36 approach”

Aircraft 2


IPG 4-10

• Being vectored just outside the FAF (LIMA)• “Four miles from LIMA, turn right heading 340,

maintain 2000 until established on the localizer. Cleared ILS runway 36 approach.

Aircraft 3


IPG 4-10

• Being vectored beyond the Final Approach Course• “Five miles from Alpha, turn right heading 330,

cross alpha at or above four thousand, cleared ILS runway 36 approach.”

Aircraft 4


IPG 4-10

• Already on Final Approach Heading• Only needs an altitude• “Five miles from Alpha, cross Alpha at or above

four thousand, cleared ILS runway 36 approach.”

Standard Terminal Arrival Route• A Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR) is a pre-determined route to

transition from the enroute phase to the approach phase• A pilot must have at least the textual description of a STAR available• A pilot can request in the flight plan for “No Stars”


JIC 6-3

SIDs and ODPs vs. STARs• SIDs and ODPs start at the pavement and go to enroute structure• STARs start at enroute structure, but do not go to pavement• STARs can serve multiple airports• STARs end at a fix or NAVAID established by ATC• Normally the approach gate


IPG 4-16


Beginning of Arrival



STAR Procedures• Remember, you can be given a STAR even when you didn’t ask for it• If you accept it, you need to have the textual description• May advise, “UNABLE”• But system is better when ATC is advised ahead of time


IPG 4-22

Determining Descent Gradient• Use Formula• Gradient x = Rate of Descent

• Use Rate-of-Descent Table


Obj. Opinion

Groundspeed60

Special Airport Qualifications• Air carriers may be required to have PICs be qualified to fly into

certain airports• Special training requirements exist for these air carriers under Part

119 and 121• Example Airports are:• Kodiak, AK• Jackson Hole, WY• Ontario, CA


IPG 4-27

Vertical Navigation Planning• Information given to pilots of high performance aircraft to aid in

descent and to reduce time at lower altitudes• Allows for efficiency in planning the descent


JIC 6-7

References• JIC Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial: Guided Flight Discovery• Obj. Op. Objective Opinion• 14 CFR Federal Aviation Regulations• IFH Instrument Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-15A)• IPG Jeppesen Instrument Procedures Guide


Documents

Arrival Charts and Procedures