Arquitetura de GPU´s. a. Arquitetura de Hardware

Arquitetura de GPU´s

a. Arquitetura de Hardware

InterfaceCPU - GPU

CPU

InterfaceGPU - Video

Enginede

Geometria

Engines de Rasterização

FrontBuffer

BackBuffers

ZBuffer

StencilBuffer

Texture Buffer

Memória

de

vídeo

Processador(es)

Back Buffer

Front Buffer

Arquitetura de GPUs

Arquitetura de GPUs

Arquitetura de GPUs

b. Programação de GPUs

NVídia FX Composer ATI Rendermonkey

- Linguagens: Cg, HLSL, OpenGL Shader Language- Ambientes de Desenvolvimento

Programação de GPUs

Tipos de Variáveis

- int, float, bool, struct, in, out, string

- vetores: float2, float3, float4Float4 cor;Vermelho = cor[0];Vermelho = cor.r;Vermelho = cor.x;

Float2 parte = cor.xy; (swizzling)Float2 parte = {cor[0], cor[1]};

Matrizes

-floatLxC: float3x4, float4x4...-Matrix <float, 4, 4> Matriz2;

-Floar4x4 matriz1;-Float b = matriz1.m11;-Float c = matriz1[0][1];

Funções Intrínsecas

Abs (a), acos(x), all(x) [todos os componentes são não zero], any(x), asin(x), atan(x), atan2(y,x), ceil(x), clamp(x, min, max), clip(x), cos(x), cosh(x), cross(a, b), D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4(x), ddx(x), ddy(x), degree(x), determinant(m), distance(a,b), dot(a, b), exp(x), exp2(value a), faceforward(n, i, ng), floor(x), fmod(a, b), frac(x), frexp(x, out exp), fwidth(x), isfinite(x), isinf(x), isnan(x), idexp(x, exp), length(v), lerp(a, b, s), lit(n.l, n.h, m), log(x), log10(x), log2(x), max(a, b), min(a, b), modf(x, out ip), mul (a, B), noise(x), normalize(v), pow(x, y), radians(x), reflect(i, n), refract(i, n, R), round(x), rsqrt(x), saturate(x), sign(x), sin(x), sincos(x, out s, out c), sinh(x), smoothstep(min, max, x), value sqrt(value a), step(a, x), tan(x), tanh(x), tex1D(s, t), tex1D(s, t, ddx, ddy), tex1Dbias(s, t), tex1Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy), tex1Dlod(s, t), tex1Dproj(s, t), tex2D(s, t), tex2D(s, t, ddx, ddy), tex2Dbias(s, t), tex2Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy), tex2Dlod(s, t), tex2Dproj(s, t), tex3D(s, t), tex3D(s, t, ddx, ddy), tex3Dbias(s, t), tex3Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy), tex3Dlod(s, t), tex3Dproj(s, t), texCUBE(s, t), texCUBE(s, t, ddx, ddy), texCUBEbias(s, t), texCUBEgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy), texCUBElod(s, t), texCUBEproj(s, t), transpose(m)

Loops e Condicionais

If, While, do, for ...

c. Vertex Programming

Operações nesta etapa:- Transformação da posição do vértice- Geração de coordenadas de textura para a posição do vértice- Iluminação sobre o vértice- Operações para determinar o material a ser aplicado ao vértice

Efeitos:- Geração de texturas procedurais- Efeitos de iluminação per-vertex- Animação procedural em vértices- Displacement mapping


Struct input Vertex

Struct VertexInput{

float4 Position : POSITION0;float3 Normal : NORMAL;float4 TextureCoor : TEXCOORD0;

}

BINORMAL[n]BLENDINDICES[n]BLENDWEIGHT [n]COLOR[n]NORMAL[n]POSITION[n]PSIZE[n]TANGENT[n]TESSFACTOR[n]TEXCOORD[n]

Struct output Vertex

Struct VertexOutput{

float4 Position : POSITION0;float4 TextureCoor : TEXCOORD0;

}

COLOR[n]FOGPOSITIONPSIZETEXCOORD[n]

Struct VertexInput{

float4 Position : POSITION;float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;

}

Struct VertexOutput{

floar4 Position : POSITION;float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;

}


VertexOutPut AulaVerterxShader (VertexInput input){

VertexOutput output;WorldViewProjection = mul (mul(World, View), Projection);output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection);output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;return (output);

}


d. Pixel Programming

Operações nesta etapa:- Computar a cor de um fragmento- Alterar iluminação “per-pixel”- gl_FragCoord


Struct input Pixel

Struct PixelInput{

float4 Color : COLOR0;}

COLOR[n]TEXCOORD[n]VFACEVPOS

Struct output Pixel

Struct PixelOutput{

float4 Position : POSITION0;float Depth : DEPTH;

}

COLOR[n]DEPTH[n]

Struct PixelInput{

float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;}


Float4 pixelShader (PixelInput input) : COLOR{

return (tex2D (TextureSampler, input.TexCoord) * AmbientColor);}


Exemplo no XNA – Arquivo Ambiente.fx

float4 AmbientColor : COLOR0;

float4x4 WorldViewProjection : WORLDVIEWPROJECTION;texture Texture;sampler TextureSampler = sampler_state{

texture = <Texture>;magfilter = LINEAR;minfilter = LINEAR;mipfilter = LINEAR;

};


struct VertexInput{


};

struct VertexOutput{


};

VertexOutput vertexShader (VertexInput input){

VertexOutput output;WorldViewProjection = mul (mul (World, View), Projection);output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection);output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;return (output);

}


struct PixelInput{

float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;};

float4 pixelShader (PixelInput input) : COLOR{

//return (tex2D (TextureSampler, input.TexCoord)* AmbientColor);return (1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

}

technique Default{

pass P0{

VertexShader = compile vs_1_1 vertexShader();PixelShader = compile ps_1_1 pixelShader ();

}}

Exemplo no XNA – Projeto .net

amespace Load3DObject{ /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { private GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; private ContentManager content;

private Matrix world; private Model model;

private FPS fps; private FirstPersonCamera camera; private InputHandler input;

private Texture2D greyAsteroid; private Texture2D originalAsteroid;

Effect shader;


public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); content = new ContentManager(Services);

input = new InputHandler(this); Components.Add(input); camera = new FirstPersonCamera(this); Components.Add(camera); }


protected override void Initialize(){ base.Initialize(); shader.Parameters["AmbientColor"].SetValue(0.8f);}


protected override void LoadGraphicsContent(bool loadAllContent) { if (loadAllContent) { model = content.Load<Model>(@"Content\Models\asteroid1"); greyAsteroid = content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Content\Textures\asteroid1-grey"); originalAsteroid = content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Content\Textures\asteroid1"); shader = content.Load<Effect>(@"Content\effects\ambiente"); }

}

protected override void UnloadGraphicsContent(bool unloadAllContent){ if (unloadAllContent == true) { content.Unload(); }}


protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit();

base.Update(gameTime); }


protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

// TODO: Add your drawing code here world = Matrix.CreateRotationY( MathHelper.ToRadians(270.0f * (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0, 0, -4000)); DrawModel(ref model, ref world, greyAsteroid);

world = Matrix.CreateRotationY( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f * (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds)) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f * (float)gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalSeconds)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0, 0, 4000)); DrawModel(ref model, ref world, originalAsteroid);

base.Draw(gameTime); }


private void DrawModel(ref Model m, ref Matrix world, Texture2D texture){

Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[m.Bones.Count];m.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms);

foreach (ModelMesh mesh in m.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart mp in mesh.MeshParts) { if (texture != null) shader.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue(texture); shader.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(camera.Projection); shader.Parameters["View"].SetValue(camera.View); shader.Parameters["World"].SetValue(world * mesh.ParentBone.Transform); mp.Effect = shader; mesh.Draw(); } } }

e. General Pourpose GPUs

Documents

Arquitetura de GPU´s. a. Arquitetura de Hardware