ARPAM: ARPAM: Ad-hoc Routing Protocol for Ad-hoc Routing Protocol for

Aeronautical Mobile Ad-Hoc NetworksAeronautical Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Michael Iordanakis, Dimitrios Yannis,Michael Iordanakis, Dimitrios Yannis, Kimon Karras,Kimon Karras,Georgios Bogdos,Georgios Bogdos, Georgios DilintasGeorgios Dilintas

Technological Educational Institute of PiraeusTechnological Educational Institute of Piraeus

Massimiliano Amirfeiz, Giorgio ColangeloMassimiliano Amirfeiz, Giorgio Colangelo, , Stefano BaiottiStefano BaiottiSelex CommunicationsSelex Communications

5th International Symposium Communication Systems Networks and Digital Signal Processing(19-21 July 2006, University of Patras, Greece)

IntroductionIntroduction

IEEE 802.11IEEE 802.11– Development of MANETsDevelopment of MANETs

MANETs and avionicsMANETs and avionics– The present: Restrictions in avionicsThe present: Restrictions in avionics

ConnectivityConnectivity BandwidthBandwidth

– The future: Free Flight conceptThe future: Free Flight concept Motivation & benefitsMotivation & benefits Requirements?Requirements?

Network topologyNetwork topology

Airspace:Airspace:– High altitude platforms High altitude platforms

(HAPs)(HAPs)– AirportsAirports– AircraftAircraft

Aircraft:Aircraft:– Single omni-directional Single omni-directional

antennaantenna– Several directional Several directional

antennas / linksantennas / links

ARPAMARPAM

Motivation for a new routing protocolMotivation for a new routing protocol– Combination of table-driven & on-demand Combination of table-driven & on-demand

operationsoperations– Geographical informationGeographical information

Solution: ARPAM !Solution: ARPAM !– Based on AODV and TBRPFBased on AODV and TBRPF– Utilizes geolocalization information available by Utilizes geolocalization information available by

external avionics applicationsexternal avionics applications– Parameter optimization based on the Parameter optimization based on the

aeronautical environmentaeronautical environment

On Demand OperationsOn Demand Operations

When an aircraft When an aircraft wishes to wishes to communicate with communicate with another aircraft which another aircraft which cannot be served from cannot be served from a backbone nodea backbone node

When simply there is When simply there is a communication a communication need between two need between two aircraft.aircraft.

Eg: node C Eg: node C node E node E

Table Driven OperationsTable Driven Operations

Time critical applications Time critical applications require low response require low response times from the network.times from the network.

Table driven protocols Table driven protocols provide a rapid response provide a rapid response when a route is when a route is requested from a node requested from a node and the route is and the route is maintained in the routing maintained in the routing table.table.

Eg. Node B Eg. Node B node A node A HAPHAP

Route maintenance & evaluationRoute maintenance & evaluation

MAC layer of the nodes MAC layer of the nodes which make up a which make up a communication path (C-D-communication path (C-D-E) keeps reporting to the E) keeps reporting to the network layer for a specific network layer for a specific amount of time that amount of time that connection between nodes connection between nodes C and D is no longer C and D is no longer availableavailable– will cause C & D to send a will cause C & D to send a

HELLO packetHELLO packet

Route maintenance & evaluationRoute maintenance & evaluation

The originator waits to The originator waits to receive a HELLO-ack receive a HELLO-ack packet from the destination packet from the destination in order to mark the path in order to mark the path as validas valid

If, after a period of time, If, after a period of time, the node has not yet the node has not yet received any ACK packet, received any ACK packet, it will emit a HELLO it will emit a HELLO message again message again

X

Co-operation with existing avionics Co-operation with existing avionics systemssystems

ADS-BADS-B– Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast

conceptconcept– It is currently being deployed worldwideIt is currently being deployed worldwide– Assists the process of neighbor discovery on Assists the process of neighbor discovery on

behalf of the routing protocolbehalf of the routing protocol– Information is utilized by the ARPAM routing Information is utilized by the ARPAM routing

protocolprotocol

Simulation - TestbedSimulation - Testbed

TopologyTopology– 12 nodes12 nodes– 1000 X 10001000 X 1000

km squaredkm squared– 400-800 km/h400-800 km/h

ApplicationApplication– VoIP VoIP

Client-ServerClient-Server

Simulation - ResultsSimulation - Results

Routing traffic transmitted by Server node

Simulation - ResultsSimulation - Results

Routing traffic received by Server node

ConclusionsConclusions

ARPAM routing protocol correlation to the ARPAM routing protocol correlation to the existing avionics technology existing avionics technology

Comparison to the antagonistic routing Comparison to the antagonistic routing protocolsprotocols

ARPAM currently exhibits a very stable and ARPAM currently exhibits a very stable and high performance behavior for routing in high performance behavior for routing in aeronautical MANETs.aeronautical MANETs.

Future workFuture work

There is still room for improvementThere is still room for improvement– Our goal is to further develop ARPAMOur goal is to further develop ARPAM

Extend the capabilities of the working modelExtend the capabilities of the working model Extend its internal routing mechanisms for increased Extend its internal routing mechanisms for increased

reliability on critical applications and additional reliability on critical applications and additional stabilitystability

– Provide future simulations which will include Provide future simulations which will include more complex network topologies and more complex network topologies and scenarios closer to the future aviation scenarios closer to the future aviation environment.environment.

QuestionsQuestions