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‘‘SEMINAR’’
PRESENTED TO:
Respected teachers
PRESENTED BY :
AROOJ ZOHRA
ROLL # :
14
DATE:
15-1-15
SEMINAR
EDIBLE AND INEDIBLE
MUSHROOMS OF PAKISTAN
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION• HISTORY OF MUSHROOM USE• IDENTIFICATION OF MUSHROOMS• NUTRITIONAL VALUE• TYPES OF MUSHROOM POISONING• EDIBLE MUSHROOMS OF PAKISTAN• INEDIBLE or POISONOUS MUSHROOMS OF PAKISTAN• CULTIVATION OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS• CRUX• REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
• The fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting bodies of fungi witheither gills or pores, which typically appear above groundafter rain” (Ainsworth, 1950)
• An Agaric (or a Bolete), a basidioma, especially an edibleone”
• A macro fungus with a distinctive fruiting body which canbe either hypogeous or epigeous,large enough to be seenby naked eye and to be picked by hands(Chang and Miles,1992).
• A variety of gilled fungi, with or without stems.• More generally, both the fleshy fruiting bodies of
some Ascomycota and the woody or leathery fruitingbodies of Basidiomycota, depending upon the context ofthe word.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSHROOMS
• Fruiting body of Underground Mycelium
• Seasonal fungi
• Fleshy, Sub fleshy, leathery or stomach like
• Bear spores either on lamellae (Agarics) or lining the tubes opening by pores (Boletes) (Pushpa and Purushothoma, 2012)
• cosmopoliton
GILLED AND NON GILLED MUSHROOMS
HISTORY OF MUSHROOM CONSUMPTION
• First reliable evidence of mushroomconsumption dates to several hundredyears BC in China.
• Mushrooms are cultivated in at least 60countries with China, the United states, Netherland, France and Poland being the topfive producers in 2000.
• Ancient Romans and Greeks, usedmushrooms for culinary purposes.
IDENTIFICATION OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS
• An old but bold mycologist can only identify the mushroom.
• There are no simple ways of distinguishing between the edible and the poisonous.
• You should eat a mushroom only if you know it’s name with considerable precision.
• In order to discover the proper name you will probably have to refer an expert.
• Some tests are also used for the checking of mushrooms poisoning.
CHEMICAL TESTS IN IDENTIFICATION OF MUSHROOMS
• Meltzer’s test
• Ammonia test
• Meixner test
• Paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde
• Phenol
• Potassium hydroxide
• Schaeffer’s test
TYPES OF MUSHROOMS
• Edible
• Inedible or poisonous
• Medicinal
• hallucinogenic
Reference:www.google.com.pk/types of
mushrooms
NUTRITIONAL VALUE
• Mushroom is high in protein and thus it is being given due importance in many developed countries.
• If we use a hectare of land to produce beef , the yield of protein is about 80 kg/hectare; but if we grow mushrooms, the protein yield is commonly 80,000 kg/ha.
• Mushrooms convert cellulosic debris into other organic compounds.
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=nutritional+value+of+mushrooms
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=nutritional+value+of+mushrooms
COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FOUND IN PAKISTAN
NWFP/Azad Kashmir
Punjab Sindh Balochistan
Agaricus bisporus Agaricus bisporus lycoperdon Agaricus rodmani
Cantherallus citsarius
A. sylvaticus Langermannia gigantea
Phellorinainquinans
Langermannia gigantea
Pleurotus comucopiae
Phellorinainquinans
Podaxis pistillaris
Boletus edulis Coprinus comatus Podaxis pistillaris Lycoperdon sp
Bovista nigrescens
Pleurotus ostreatus Lycoperdon
Coprinus comatus P. Dryinus
Armillaria melae P. Ostreatus
lycoperdonechinatus
Podaxis pistillaris
COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS OF PAKISTAN
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/thesis/2519.pdfNWFP/Azad kashmir Punjab Sindh Balochistan
Morchella conica Volvariella volvacea
M. crassipes V. speciosa
M. delicosus V. bombycina
M. elate
M. esculent
M. myabeanus
M. Mithiana
M. Vulgaris
Pleurotus ostreatus
Truffles
Termitomyces macrocarpus
T. microcarpus
Volvariella volvacea
Reference:http://prr.hec.gov.pk/thesis/2519.pdf
EDIBLE MUSHROOMS OF PAKISTAN
Agaricus bitorquisAgaricus bisporus
Agaricus semotusAgaricus abruptibulbus
Macrolepiota proceraMacrolepiota rachodes
Amanita casearea Amanita rubescens
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=mushrooms
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=Volvariella, agrocybe,coprinus
volvariella gloiocephala
volvariella volvacea
coprinus comatus
agrocybe praecox
Pluteus cervinusHygrophorus marzuolus
Clitocybe nuda Lypophyllum counatum
https://www.google.com.pk/searchmushrooms
Porphyrellus porphyrosporus
Suillus granulatus
Gyrodon lividusLeccinum carpini
https://www.google.com.pk/searchmushrooms
Hericium erinace Hydnum caeruleum
Boletus piperatus
https://www.google.com.pk/search, edible mushrooms
Morchella esculanta Morchella conica
TrufflesLangermania gigantea
POISONOUS MUSHROOMS
Amanita muscariaAgrocybe pediades
https://www.google.com.pk/amanitamuscarias,agrocybe
Omphalotus olearius
Russula laurocerasi
Strophria hornemanni
Hypholoma ericaeum
Inocybe geophylla
Coprinus picaceus
Clitocybe clavipes
Entoloma hirtipes
CULTIVATION OF MUSHROOMS
• In pakistan following mushrooms are cultivated as a source of food.
Pleurotus ostreatus
Lentinus edodes
Podaxis pistillaris
Agaricus bisporus
Volvariella volvacea
REFERENCES
• http://www.pakissan.com/english/allabout/horticulture/vegetables/mashroom/mushroom.shtml
• http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jpbs/papers/Vol8-issue5/B0850511.pdf?id=7389
•http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380708641_Wani%20et%20al.pdf
• http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/39%287%29/PJB39%287%292629.pdf
• http://prr.hec.gov.pk/thesis/2519.pdf
