tine
historian who
suddenly been bewitched
it
cate-
standpoint.
situation meets
as
it
concerns
us
it
depends
upon
us
for
its
solution
judgments, the making up of our mind, and upon our
moral
judgments,
feel this or that
to decide
enemies,
our
own
action
either
to bring out
to be
by the
obligations.
The
chief
conscious
much profit
auspices
of
the
Alldeutsche
Verband
by
Justus
Perthes,
which
plots
out
characteristi-
(feUy
German
fashion.
The
also
of
German
author-
ship,
evidence
are
not
likely
to
be
Encyclopaedia
census
returns
diligent use of the
of
able debt to
Clarendon
Press,
in pieces,
fared,
had
claws.
publishers, Messrs.
;
raise
the
from
us
and
makes
it,
we
this is pure evil,
must
because on
after
itself
once,
of it.
so,
of military
autocratic.
and
armies,
we lose the
but
win, our object
The
reconstruc-
individuals.
The
England
will be decided ultimately
The
terrible
saw how the breath
with admir-
able calmness ;
be
constantly
giving
our
lives.
Another
have
been
crops
in
dock
if
our
colonies,
her
markets,
we
can
distrain
a little gain.
that
armaments
are
on one side and
man possessed
of his wealth.
their
own)
and
not
like
fighting
has
built
it
into his
grip, the
the game
a deadly wound by
one
horror
thereby,
the
power
war itself, but
banishing
of
this
evil
whole world.
the
storm,
Time's
wings.
finding
new
and
wider
incrimina-
government
to her ambition.
than the
planless strife
between
with
Slayonic
Albanians
access to the only
do so
is to
so long
as the
present system
The
most
important
practical
partly
distraction,
policy.
We
saw
well
of
the
national
problem
in
Europe
carried
of view
war was
question of
time for
front
and con-
the reasons
has been
on
the
Continent
than
that
litters
the
whole
ground.
not
govern
one
leap,
and
contemporary with
Ireland, then, has forced us to
think about
the problem
of nationalism ;
national questions
of the
of a
and
tradition,
the same
the
Great in the
and
above,
instrument
in
their
power
to
do
so.
each
other
and
with
con-
of know-
if
there
is
to make
reaching
our
conclusions
we
shall
find
minimum
of
territorial
the people concerned.
self-government
for instance, in
people work
the
whole
other lines which
will enable the
smoothly.
But
we
best
a
regrettable
necessity.
(ii.)
difference
mother
tongue,
but
the
the English
and bind
one
corner
of
them
in
Ireland,
English-
island
form
uniform
but it would
the total
broken down
human
group
good-fellowship of the
Then they will become
Ireland and Ulster,
are
more
really important
Let us
this
gates ;
serfs,
ruUng
their
estates
Rhine
j
and
waters : in the
dominion of
France, and
had grown
by conquest
by
settlers or Slavs conquered and
Germanised, bound by
modified from
the extreme
prietors
wealth of the
of liberation they
side
stood
Germany
the German
union
in the
the Prussian
generation has
passed, it
metal
shows
the needs and tendencies of the
German
people.
The
qualities
it
preserved
in
adversity,
and
taken
a
Prussian
ment to him for
France
and German
force
the
grave
and
the new task
political feeling of
effort. We
ourselves there
Revolution,
a
new
environment.
In
environment
we
Germany :
it
does
not
produce
the
Germany's
disfavour.
such
for her manu-
colonies of other
nations, and even
population, whose
economic growth,
and their
existence has
objects,
the fact
forced us
that if
Masses of people are only
converted
strengthen
the
obsolete
a
reaction
of
public
opinion
in
sive
sense
automatic,
youthful energy
to a
sense of
the past
: the only
follow
supposition
defeated, and that
furnishing it with
of excuse for her envy, not to speak of the
conduct
by
which
vehement
To give
a still
South
African
in
the
Dutch and British
adjoining,
when
province,
new
nationality
by
adding
a
German
become
British
sidered
they
enterprise,
sources
manufactures. Towards these too we may tempted
to
stretch
the
skill to govern native
chief
trunk
railway
of
Africa
might
population of
as
that
India across
convert into a
intervene between
the coast
if
for
the
Future
an
would
involve
Germany
let
our
difiiculty of its solution so great that they will organise
in time some international authority to co-ordinate
their
policy
solution
Germany
out of
the war
in
themselves
in
their
retrocession
to
is to allow
the
decision
the
sea,
possible, fall
almost entirely
to
German
of
our
adopt
the same principle with regard to the territories in a
similar
phase
shall
find
instances,
similar
political intention—certain
her
that
neither
political
panic
nor
ambitions, for they
away
her :
for
us in
nations,
Germany
among
the
but
a
settlement
tive, interests
the wisdom, patience and
Allies
with
each
as
sug-
gestions
of its
alien
destiny
they
prefer.
which cannot
the
wrongdoer
be
the
pleas,
though
mostly
of them relevant
disputed
will is the only
Prussian
model,
reality of free
resentment of
vote, and
this is
stimuli
up the final desire of the voting
population.
A
voters nor seem
so to the
the voters themselves
of its true
populations
from
arbitrarily yoked.
towards easing the
differ according to
separate
would
probably
produce
a
time a
speaking populations, and
and
roughly
coinciding
with
the
further down the Saar and the
Moselle.
which
between
them
polling
should
decide
definitively
the
Saargemtind.
The
speech
alienated from the German Empire. This does not
necessarily mean that the
considerable
their
that occurred at
the
other
its
own
within
reason
to
culmination
where the
towards
Germany
voted,
like
important railway
Miilhausen voted for Germany, it would be
geo-
Phals-
district,
result in order
the voting
is
the
foretell how
either
not for that
boundary
provinces, but between them. In sketching it, we
must
simply
follow
the
within
German
territory
Prussian state, in
remain
natural,
physical
frontier
to
In detail, then, and
to Denmark
a glimmer
portance,
especially
actual area of
of
complete
independence.
which-
ever
way
victory
relin-
quish
its
possession
before
the
war
began.
war
amounts,
therefore,
to
powers
would
be
willing,
concessions
to
the
Poles
already
subject
staunch to the
Warsaw, has
of
races,
could
never
internal reconstruction
it miserably
it
carry
declared
education.
These
concessions
loyal citizens
of the
cause
of
Polish
in
the
Polish
time
contrived
across the
themselves.
In
1879,
between Russia and
thus
reversed
her
down upon her
and
Polish
national
con-
sciousness
The
to the
will
be
Germany's
and
in general
from
the
jaws
of
Pangermanism,
If,
are
victorious,
the
erection
Polish
victims
cold,
but
on the
to
be
their
frontier
of
of the
question, for
provinces to its
to which
tories.
But
ceivable
that
Prussia
probably be
Poles to fever
autonomous principality, in
would
itsetf
the Partition
achieved
unity
at
the
centre of gravity
ject
of
a
be
content
with
reaching
Polish
subjects
will
precedent of
liberation from her dominion,
loss,
in
the
event
righteousness
in
Eastern
frontier
will
be
fatherland.
In
German
and
four centuries, the
expense, less by violent
This movement died down as soon as the Poles
began
'
is
much
higher
than
them a greater share
matic of a
are
suffering
why they
converted
to
Calvinism,
and
took
a
leading
Europe.
In
have
come
minorities
simply
start
various
districts
affected.
political
as large
Prussian Poles will break
of
autonomous
Western
frontier
of
the
time in
Europe, and
is over
it.
and that
the military
politics
which
it
has
played
no
calculation
of
this
psychological
conversion
will
not
be
its way.
We must
at least
facilitate it
problems
and
for
the
gospel
of
confronted with a
This
frontier
dates
upon
this line still further
must
to the vote
even though
Polish
population
This limit imposed upon
Theoretically
and
ness about such an
allies
will
probably
dition that
shall
suffer
In
of boundaries by
of these groups
of
their
respective
districts.
that
extent
unpredictable,
but
members
incumbent upon
which
geographical
frame
suggestions
upper
basin of the River Oder. It forms a portion of the great
North-European plain, and its only physical frontiers
are the Riesen Gebirge Range on the South-West, which
lies between it and Bohemia, and the Carpathian Moun-
tains on the South,
locked arm of
as
War
the
sceptre
of
the
government
the
Treaty
of
Aachen
favour by a partition,
which left nothing to
altered.
The
Etz
Gebirge
immense
*
river.
German
element
Tchech.
We
terms
the
the
Hungarian
through which the railway
on
that has been attracted to this area by the openings
it
a
small
and
a
decreas-
this
district
to
Poland
barrier were
Silesia would
the
country's
national
problem.
market
for
coal
with
the
her security.
;
of
Posen
German
minority
boundary,
the original
warranted
'
Poland
possible
dismantled,
good faith
made
reciprocal,
and
compact
between
the
a much
promise
to
con-
struct
no
territories
the
front
the
break
its
word
comer
of
Posen
along
the
North of East, and
the Net^e,
leave
principal
inland
paratively
recent
It
was
only
Teutonic
Knights
shortly
after
one
of
new
Polish
state.
province has strong
Polish
in a
port
of
Danzig,
and
nationality, a strip
ing
Baltic
economic
reasons
Trans-Vistulan
Germany,
has
of
Konigsberg,
reverse this
has
Russian
tion
in
Europe
had
been
justly
all Europe into an-
on her
shall
be
as
light
lower
population
be barred
condition for
open to her
future
pros-
perity.
may
Prussia,
but
The
will
cry,
not
Europe,
did
they
annihilated
the
heathen
themselves
together
claim his
official style
must be left on
as
before.
Its
natural
boundaries
the
Prussians
but
present
frontier/
out affecting
by
a
the only unit
of Germany
we cannot predict
neighbours
beyond
from
the
German
frontier,
and
claim
Prussia.
provinces, and Memel is
the natural point of
We
can
now
suggest
Vistula can from
encountered in
Thorn is inhabited
East of the fortress
frontier will head North-
the lakes.
leaving
Lotzen
to
intersected
by
From this point the
without
very
serious
territorial
that nearly
your guidance. Spare
restraint. Destroy Prussia's
that
the
HohenzoUern
shall
You
cannot
: then you
foreign
powers
to secede
wheel, in order to
whole-heartedly
as
Prussia by
up
the
argument
meaning
the
name
the
the growth
troop
(hostility
beyond
the
out
its
hands
from
We picture
Prussia
name
for
Prus-
population
and
economic
energy
does
are
from
the
not
the
held
Germany
still
call
Prussia of the
late the demand into reality. Germany could
never
her manufactures through the markets of
the
the
had
not
West-
phalia
lent
the Krupps
are
coming
and its
are resolv-
darkness.
It is certain that the German Workers will one day
come
credit
The German
metre
guns,
The
industrial centres have become the main reservoir on
which the
appearing
to
deplores, the
material for
the Army
downfall.
convinced
followed
by
undis-
responsible
for
both
misfortunes.
of
the
industrial
them
in
the
settlement
the gratitude
are
bound
to
gain
the
it by
of
1910,
in
three
respective total
taxpaying capacity,
these
tive, but he does
his
in
conjunction
with
franchise is
the true
Prussian nation
irreclaim-
able
core
: now
I
suggest
for
instance.
Hamburg
Empire, even Bremen is bigger
than Danzig,^ and the
all
the
Cuxhaven,
mark
Prussia's
advent
consciousness
was
first
fostered
centres of
but
there
is
other
North-German
elements
of
Prussian
constitution,
guaranteed
than in
consolidation of all
clearly
essential
the end is not at fault, but
only
the
means.
and
most
with
the
scales
ourselves,
we
shall
The
auspicious
revolution
can
any rate foresee, any
She
the
interest
Bismarck's
policy
of
German
unity
had
German tradition set upon
plished
of Bismarck's three
; but if Germany is
will
remember
once
more
that
world of
Northern Germany,
Pole
managed
to
problem of the
Germany
is
almost
certainly
in
to
make
the
continuance
take of their
give
in
a
very
position
between
quietly
from
their
hands,
ZoUem king,
of
the
whole
Hohenzollern can
which
a
monarchical
be
no
would
Nassau,
following
the
crest
of
opposite Bingen.
This would assign to the South not only Hanau and Wiesbaden
but
Frankfurt,
the
centre
of
incorporated
well
as
this point the united
of
hills
its
again
boundary between the Bavarian
as the
Alsace united herself
be
of the Austrians
she finds
the
first
place
there
is
Even
such
difficulty
advantage. If
restraint upon
century,
factors
in
their
own
political
bind
to the German
that
you
really
however,
Europe
have
tended
the single
power.
Germany's
terms of
we must for this purpose treat them as a single
block.
It
is
particular,
is
the block
emerge stronger than before, with a margin of increase
that would cover the loss of a few border provinces, and
the
Allies
such
unless
and
Germany and her group,
siderable
addition
to
the dis-
solution take
question awaiting us.
will
certainly
cancel
shall
have
to
one
times already
answered invariably
still exists,
1814
with
wider
ship
Chancellor
Met-
and it
seemed as
In
quarter by
for
a
reign
: the
gage
winter
forces
by
tenance
she
ment
while
and consummation. Napoleon III.
Italy
and
the
Empire
did
not
merely
The
away Lombardy,
present
The
has
which estab-
Austria
and
Styria
in
1282,
when
controlled.
Starting
co-
incided
with
his
administration
difference.
have
not
passed
The
him from
this land, nor
earliest acquisitions.
Venice,
with it.
Nationality at
prophets
shake
extraordinary
vitality,
calculations
and
and
with
equal
We
Europe
some
which has been
treated the
and
altogether,
scheme.
nomads from
the Eastern
steppes,^ who
Danube
and
must
have
own
as well,
units in the German world.
This prosperity was due to the
province's
command-
ing
been its
the key
point
two
South-West
the
Alps
bank
of
the
Danube
tributary
and
(Pressburg).
Between
to
all
human
way-
Ensconced between the
the March-
feld on
Western
two
upon
'
about
1500
a.d.
Thus ended the mediaeval
the
Danube
centre of a state formed by the union of both
regions
within
a
precisely because it has continued to be the point of
contact and
lies West of Vienna belongs to the industrial world
of Central
Reichenberg in the Northern
corner of Bohemia is
point of
belt,
which
begins
in
beyond the
of
Vienna
activity
is
foodstuffs for
swine.
which meet at
market for their
over-
production
of
realise
its
economic
destiny
as
the
and
vitalised
current
set
going
in the
cause.
way
to
primacy,
A
living
organism
cannot,
either
of
growth
or
to the
jeopardised
her
for
by
the
rivalries
of
Autocracy
exaggerated
egotism.
The
is
Company in
these
steamers
the
returning
from
Egjrpt
Company has had
so
well.
Batoum,
another
terminus
and it serves the whole of Asiatic Turkey for the
carriage of the European mail. In
all
and
they
produce
French
various Italian
mouth of the
European
civilisation.
: in
the
hostile
Montenegrins
cannot
afford
alongside
out
however,
built
cottages
a general air
such
distant
quarters.
In
enterprise,
with
the
same
Mark sculptured
Venice,
Atlantic
is
in
Europe.
Here
hinterland
Bohemia, which
the modem Hapsburg Empire in
its
true
perspective.
racially heterogeneous
a
con-
and
Austro-Hungarian consul, and the
the maintenance of
Empire
was
strikingly
and
the
which
had
suzerainty.
East revolution
Haps-
hand,
was
use
blow
made
themselves
universally
for
of
the
out
of
the
industrial
districts
agrarian districts East of it : the
of
Central
the
older
Atlantic,
highways. Yet
last
chapter
result of this
struc-
ture
of
the
Hapsburg
the
Empire
had
with France
She initiated
in
the
was enriched with
simultaneously
upon
the
scene,
promisingly in
response of the
Reform
was
checkmated
by
revolt,
familiar
harness
Church,
has
past
and not clerical
Joseph's
armies
had
discarded
its
the
economic
career
The principal terms
existence
as
a
by
the
constitutional
The
without being
debt which
amounted
to
rest of
the Joint
renewed in
to
maintain
the
Hapsburg
a disproportionate
exponent of
in
1849.
own,
by
protection
against
military support
of her
commercial expansion.
them
is
economically
strong
far
would
both
degraded to a
a new
would gain
on the one part by no more than a fraction
of the Hungarians,
of
the
the
representatives
to
this
constituent
assembly,
all the non-German deputies who did attend were
in
opposition
except
at the price of
the
Germans
formed
hardly
more
than
a
third
of
the
far-reaching, and
general
the
Germans
of
Austria,
who
constituted
no
more
than
35.13
per
as a
to
share
than before,
the population
for
ever.
If
they
rely
for
the
alternatives
before
secessions
which
after the present
it
so
and
shocks
i
review the internal politics
Particularists
who
had
beaten
Joseph
Home Rule to
their
strongholds
clerical
official
A
convenient,
though
quite
Tchech
and
German
tinguished
mass
of
of a
The
worked its
philosopher-autocrat
subjects : now his
best-educated
and
Moreover, they were setting themselves a more modest
task.
Joseph
sup-
of the
Pohsh group,
The
In
1871
the
1873
Centralism
vote of
the constituencies.
over
surface.
(a)
achieve
class-
exploited
them,
their
their
opportunity.
with
German
in
the
administration
strongly
They
vehemently
disagreed
sessions at Vienna.
the old Germanism
three-fifths
numbers
Austria
in
Instead
of
detaching
Slav
citizens
were
to conquer it for Slavdom, and convert it into the chief
focus
follows
Germans
prominent
was
so
times.
in
social
politics ;
assimilation of
arisen
evoked
a
character.
Austrian
have been
Reichsrath.
By
1897
official
language
side
all
districts
of
Bohemia.
tion
at
Vienna,
business
in
exclusion
of
forward,
nothing
could
through a
phase of
franchise
of
the
the
by an
of race,
German
and
516
whole of
from the
development.
1907
needed
nothing
its own
She
older
and
of
less
and
Francis Ferdinand, however,
about
Dualism
was
the
Danubian
Unit
went
in
political
control
of
bleed more
done
since
1848.
Monarchy, the
that
the
modification
which correspond
might
well
despair
in
rivals.
These
nations
contribute
lated
threatened
nothing
patience
our
cure,
comparatively sound, and
community urgently
been
we
shall
in
isolation.
We
will
therefore
include
the
premier
place
in
the
and
in
degree
the
Range, which
with the
with
the
Southern
river-boundary
of
up
have
seen,
by
stretches of hill-country,
Slavonic population
hardly distinguishable
side of the River
chain of the
gave
the
name
of
wall,
and
Southward
into
the
plain
the
Two
of
these
the Alps,
Hungary
exalted heroism. The
seen, after the
crucial siege of
century
the
Hapsburg
it lay
and
by
century
the
Central Europe, in acute contrast to the
territories
still
her
pro-
sperity,
her
and
in the
wars.
the plain,
along
the
the
factor
of
nationality
on
'
kingdom.
The
Slovak
on
the
Danube,
and the
all escaped
Hungarian
her
the border
by contact with
had
become
Magyar
minor gentry, but since
parliament.
the
Magyars
gave
unmistakable
proof
of
administra-
The Compromise with
of the Magyar Liberal Party.
If
the
Liberals
of
Austria
1832,
The
Hungarian
a campaign
stamp
from
system
of
to alienate his land. This
measure was introduced
creeds. The Roman Church
Slovaks—and
Uniats (it%),
Calvinists in
common
pality
of
Transylvania
Protestantism
Prussia's
policy
on
declared
distinction
of
race,
recognises Magyar as
and
official use.
the
state
railways
alone,
rather
than
oppressive.
Official
formulas
venience
some general
Britain
and
the
Breton
outraged
by
as
they
S
In
minorities
its place. It is
Magyar
as
their
native
Again
ready answer.
main-
of
progressing themselves. If the subject
nationalities
has
made
it
increasingly
hard
but the
itself by
called
of
literature,
art,
history,
and
all
real standing-ground,
A
radical
aspired
independence.
unit,
on
we have
noted that
of
people. The first
their
Liberal
of
the
whole depended
upon strict
part.
to
meet
as
the
and
towards
the
suffrage.
Their
attitude
towards
the
national
question
made
the
Coalition
defenceless
of
the
Monarchy.
Political power
all that
Magyar
committed
itself,
Francis
Joseph
was
still
weapon,
all
aggrieved
parliament met, the
Count had a
stop.
of nationahty
emerged like
retrace her steps.
Magyar
to
express
their
Polish subjects
and that every
conflagration
certain that
ingly
past cannot be charmed
away in a moment,
need
and they
have known
Western
Europe
who
was
forgiven
by
therefore,
Europe
in
Magyar
territory.
the
it would be
secession
by
geography,
which are
out of
relation to
per-
centage
all the
national education
and all
public activities
elected
parliament
as
population which they
as
communications
and
defence,
social
basis.
If
the
non-Magyar
nationalities
of
Hungary
were
assured
;
and the
in order
unit
We
(i.) The Roumans are
from
Hungary
to
Roumania
estates of
no better treatment
with the
Germans of
Austria, they
Ages
pushed
is
tenanted
the
Shekels,
a
flying
the
transferred or
million
Saxons
Roumanian Kingdom in the
in
favour
they
are
bewilderingly
on the
eighteenth-century colonisation
half of it, and
If the
Serbia
national
a
within
it.
(iii.)
the
mountain
barrier
is
the
Ruthenes
present war. It
unin-
These, then, are the three
instances in
indeed so
attached
to
this
book.
.
J
rfVT
'-^
A
N
I
chain
these
found
its
way
through
This flying column of
the Slavonic invasion did
out
fanwise
groups
have
isolated
from
way among
invariably
flow
inland,
and
only
one,
the
expanding
built
itself,
his
triumphs.
the
Ottoman
Turks
had
an
the
Southern
the century the Paulidan heresy
from Armenia
them to
fifteenth
stroke
from
race.
The
but they
were
other
fatal
battle
of
Mohacs,*
elected the
Hapsburg as
its sovereign,
^
of
The whole of Croatia
of the Save. Belgrade, in the South-Eastern angle
between the two rivers, remained a Turkish fortress,
and the Hapsburg
it turned
mountains,
conterminous
with
the
Venetians
Ottoman
with
almost
exactly
Italian
nation
the
Monarchy's
Italian
achieve
it
within
the
the
latter
succeeded
in
advancing
enjoyed conditions so
included Orthodox as well as Catholic elements,
and the
Dynasty had
both
and
of
1690
and
1691
granted
the
Serb
that
attacked
the
Magyars
incompatible with Austro-Hungarian interests.
1739
had
been
Morava.
The
population
of
this
after the
Turk's
Christian
blows
inflicted
upon
Turkey
by
the
Empress
Catherine
enabled
The
Treaty
of
Kutchuk
Kainardji
in
1774
prepared
the
decision,
and
The
land.
The
Treaty
of
reckon with
Serbs who
had won
awaited
its
redemption.
were
both
under
direction,
and
occupant
of
the
the chief
link
cohesion of
well,
by
between
Germans
and
Magyars
for
factor
it
introduced,
completely
under
of
it
in
Hungary :
1868. It
the
nationalities
was
no
access
from
succeeded
of
Croatia
the
port
Austrian
frontier
country,
Hungarian
Pest
to
453
(8.8%).
In
the province
govern the Fiume railway
deliberately to the economic detriment
of
Croatia.
Where
more
direct
routes
are
tariffs
by way of
itself
is
covered
the Fiume
railway between
Agram and
the coast
is deprived of
^
to
such
a
twenty years
in the
safe
govern-
political
patronage
in
the
following
summer
and
was
followed
mountaineers above Cattaro
Serbia to
earth, and
into the
field. The
forced,
and
of
Constantinople.
In
March
1878
the
Turkish
govern-
Christians from the
Buda-
pest.
While
Russia
was
liberty,
but the
against South-Slavonic
repeated itself
'
Slavs, among
whom they
pariahs or taskmasters,
for more than
German
Christian Slavs were
support. Although
country
Serb by
the
has
pressing
agrarian
sowed
seeds
of
dissention
between
final
step
in
unison with South-
Monarchy
had
made
up
the Hamidian regime the garrisons
in
the
Sandjak
she was spreading
and
North,
East
as
well.
Magyar
struggle
to
his executor.
Austria-Hungary showed her intention of
perpetuating
and the Russian
that
the
apparently
anti-Turloah
doubtful
blessing,
but
in
shaking
themselves
ventured to steer an independent course
of their
occupied
her
destiny
was
was
clear
that
be upset in
inevitable lull
for the
Morava
Montenegro
they
were still
war
Dual
Monarchy's
of his
his
son
to
reign
his own hands,
The
Dual Monarchy, and
Russian
of
fail to produce its
ambitions.
an Eastern and
Ottoman
a
band
exposed
The crisis
events
same
year
the
of
Russian
and
Austro-Hungarian
to
his authority, and
circumstances.
time,^
college where
He
was
an
owner
of
into
and the
graduate of the
part of the
Serbs*
shown
him
the
absurdity
Turkish misrule.
brought their
When
policy was already bearing
however,
as
she
exports
new
reign
Vienna and Buda-Pest.
Monarchy
Peninsula. More
among the South-Slavonic citizens of the Monarchy
itself.
When
Khuen-Hedervary
began
produced
its
echo
South
of
1905,
constitutional
^
Zara, endorsed
political
formidable
ranks.
the appointment of
resolved
the Turkish railhead at Mitrovitza. His object was
to
route the
line
through
Belgrade
:
its
In
district- and
Belgrade-Uskub-Salonika
to risk everything
was started
among the
converted
into
Nearer East
The
Spring
of
1907
witnessed
by Francis
but
outstanding
differences
the
impending
elections
obtain
from
them
the spirit of
crisis,
but
ally.
In
the
last
a
virtual
ultimatum
Serbia
composed
a palinodia in the form of a note to the Austro-Hungarian
foreign office,
and was
himself as
the
vital
importance
to
the
the
Monarchy
itself
was
for the
summer
of
1908
January
1909
Croatia,
The
judicial
proceedings
at
crisis
of
Europe
victims were sentenced
years, but
had broken
at
Vienna
the Dual
fortnight.
The
trial
of the
the
matter
drop.
Prussian
ensample.
The
removed
from
the
scene,
but
during
early in
igio he
was superseded,
Coalition and of
assaulting
but
they
were
European
territories
mercy
of
its
The
'
and
the
declaration
were
of
the
Save,
Montenegro's
liberty
have
its way
upon
the
establishment
on
the
Adriatic
coast.
of
her
yet
to
Berchtold's
demand.
had
avowedly
been
Croatia to
Feeling
in
Croatia
and
1909.
Berchtold's
diplomacy,
however,
Turkish spoil,
after
they
the Monarchy's path towards Salonika would
once
more
overreached
himself.
and
the Turks.
Bulgarian
troops
from the
to
parties.
for her Balkan heirs,
swell
the
the
Southernmost
its
an
immedi-
ately
available
expenditure of
time or
except
the
prestige
of
lines,
positive
Turkey as Bulgaria was
towards the national problems
her
new
understand-
one
meaning.
Just
to
liberate
the
so
she
to
a
the crisis
Archduke
Francis
Ferdinand
at
South-Slavonic
in
1858
did
less
Government with
can
or the Prince of
and the
Afghan
and death.
own
interests,
instead
from
Ireland.
The Turk
Thousand.
If
and
Lombardy,
settlement
of
1814,
the
been very different.
been forced to
Marches. If at this stage the Pope had identified him-
self with the Risorgimento, and had incorporated the
South
donia after her Balkan victories, he might have
preached
embarrassing
ready to
will
free,
century A.D.,
the
province
in the
members
up with the
several provinces.
On the
Austria and the
possession of
included,
as
at
present,
members of
of
its
particularism,
the
Montenegrin
Highlands.
The
union.
organisation
of
tariff-wall.
This,
concluding
a
con-
cordat
with
of the individual
in
conciliating
the
Moslems
in
even the
whom
he
structure of the Danubian Monarchy more seriously
than
mutilations
on
off
The Magyars
experience henceforth the geographical disabilities they
imposed upon
a port.
twelve
million
inhabitants
: a
which
have
of
the
Magyar
nation.
they
will
we
have
Austrian
harbour
of
Trieste,
more
Laibach,
be
our Austrian partners,
who have passed
stretched from the
was in
place
Hungary
at
Austria's
mercy.
So
lished
indispensable
Hungary's
flank
Hungary's rear
along this
system as
abortive
crushing
tactical
advantage
Joint
Tariff.
By
partnership,
and
instead,
into
egress to
the sea.
would
1906
the
settlement
an
capital
upon their opponents.
he let
of
the
now, not
hand
to exploit
loyalty
national
future
paralysis,
and
help
ourselves.
Slavonic
Confederation
the
balance.
The
the
the
securing
This hypothetical
fanaticism
on
necessity
a
element
is
identical
with
that
of
the
Hungary
to
Austria.
Their
be identical
appear invulnerable
seaboard, and
the possession
independence. Yet
Confederation
stands
Monarchy : the
it
will
still
ever. She may start playing off the Confederation
against Hungary,
impossible. The
liberty to
cope with
Indepen-
which perished
with the
national
be
found
Serbia for
the
Danube
Black
Sea,
but
trafiic
The railway
convention with
Monarchy Roumanian as
route
will
the
whole
Wallachian
Seveirin.
before
1912
she
had
extended
it
assigned
Greece,
porated
Beyond Belgrade the
as
it
barred
the
about seventy
skirts
the
.^eau
the Eastern spurs of
way across
Austro-Hungarian
frontier.
Slavs are
own,
If the
the
ZoUverein
co-extensive
with
stand out
of a
combination to
boundary-
commission.
It
simply
Greek
and
aggregate
of
tain-locked
basin
Spezzia
Bay
Mediter-
already to
mail-steamer.
the
smallest
steamer
has been
Struga, where
descends
at
last
To compensate Serbia for the renunciation of
terri-
torial
the
Slavonic
neigh-
bours,
and
of
vital
importance
the
Balkan
the
necessity.
signed
channel
of
the
is equally
The Southern Slavs
the history
The Montenegrins have been forced in this
direc-
South-
Slavonic
incorporating
the
would never
numerous
to
Montenegro
the
extremity
of
the
Austrian
littoral.
range
of
feeling
in
Great
Britain,
Gladstone
succeeded
of
only
new Albanian
hopes.
Skodra
and
the
Austrian
littoral
on
the country
known as
Macedonia
and
board
Albanian dialect.
civilisation.
We
have
seen
that
among
the
majority
of
the
population
included
con-
spicuously
both
that he learns
compel
their
adhesion
to
Government
to
assert
its
sovereignty.
If
abandon
common language
right
nation of other speech.
Metoya, Duldgno,
and Epirus,
internal construction.
The new
hampered by
impossible.
Its
writ
will
the
mountains
will
make
no
of purpose to
In the Balkan Wars
and issued
By
unrighteous
Railway,
which
starts
from
Stamboul's
the Balkans :
the Treaty
national
inheritance.
The
again in Bulgaria's
barrier.
lion's
share
although
Bulgaiophit Tatais.
where
sift
down to the
coast-line itself would
asserted her title to every patch of Greek population,
she would have to incorporate not
only the
It is clear that the problem
can
only
which were
interrupted by
of the
of
the
River
Maritza
here
he
only
means
of
satisfy
Bulgaria's
use
accrue
to
Bulgaria,
and
by
the parts
the Albanian
Bulgaria
on
the
territorial
loss.
dialect spoken in Central
under one he d or the
other.
Linguistically,
the
principle
of
nationality
increased.
Serbia
will
allow
upon territorial compensation : Serbia and
Greece will
redinte-
more
and
of
Mount
Struma.'
can
abstract
our
conclusion
in
the
following
formula:
to economic
as Kopriilu
and thence
through Ishtip,
Balkan
nationalities
themselves.
Our
discussion,
however,
Germany from the
dead and making
he
com-
batants :
neither hope
delivered
land
of
promise
century
interests both of Germany
opponents if this loss were compensated by
the
German question, convenient though it might
be
to
us
nor
•of
Europe,
themselves
conjecture
making clear
Monarchy.
Our
survey
national unity
St.
the Austrian Crown-Lands
en
bloc^
It
Hungary,
own. Laibach,
the chief
town of
a
for
Unked by geography with the province of the
the
history from
civilisation
a
completely
Italian
early acquisition
independence
in
1797,
parts of
They
Italian
of
the
here the
resulted
who
travels
speech
of
the
stay.
making
them-
selves
a
states in
resources for ad-
ministering these assets
to which modem hfe is tending, or for defending them
against the
they could use the opportunity better. But it would be
still
229,000,
including
about
170,000
Italians
of federating
third
member
of
their
Union.
Guaranteed
independence
initiative of its own.
had a
towards the
reason
trade
grievous disappointment
to her
no covetous glance
more Northerly
of
Italy
the
1859.
of Garibaldi. Italy would doubtless
wish
to
receive
Corsica
will
make
because
their
minor
territorial
pickings,
but
the
undisputed
naval
command
of
the
Adriatic,
for
driven
to
compete
latter
inclines
should
the
Southern
Slavs,
justified in
a
logical
compensation.
bottle,
191
3,
during
the
1
into
the
neighbourhood.
of
the
town
created
the
inclusion
of
new
Greek
frontier.
reduce
completely satisfied by another alternative, the perpetual
neutralisation
Avlona,
under
a
similar
to
that
we
have
proposed
the
entrance
to
the
Bay.
in so
decisive
adoption
of
no
to her
meet after the
would thenceforth seriously affect her,
and she might
of the two
though of no
The
Adriatic
continental
atten-
tion again when we come to consider the problems of
the Nearer
we can discount the Italian factor
in
turning
graphical considerations.
economic arteries,
and
terri-
of
Southern
Germany
through
pierces the
to
emerge
Eastern
frontier
against
the
and
Italian
territory,
and
Southern
rather
the
whole
from
territory as before), and
con-
the
Karawanken
range,
St.
Leonhard
from
German
is
left,
though
a
valley
North
and
back.
Meissen
the
Bavarians
from Vienna,
pressing up
from Breslau
mountain-dykes did
Bohemia on the
West and North.
to
adopt
hold its own
from
England
the Roman
communicate
borders there
upper system
and entrance
trade passes in that
that lie beyond, because
On the
handicapped
minority
would then
Panslav
Tchechs
are
to
the
South,
and
Austria,
with
which
controlled
Bohemia
controlled
Etiiope.
them
if
we
can.
A
letting
the total
would
ately the
would
of the last
already
exists
under
which
to be established at Prag. As in Ireland,
the
chief
Home
The
following
she became
country would
from
result.^
We
can,
the
districts
constituted
in
igo6
for
was
in
the
area,
outside
namely,
what
gains
and
of
71,440,000.
Statisticians
calculate
the end of
the lasting
is
certainly
lower
but on the
only
of us.
We should
have relaid
well
as
to
possessed before
measure
which
is
the
If Prussian
militarism be
either or both of
as
proposals,
both
these
ideas,
which the New
Germany will follow.
Her first task
and industry
economic
future.
Hamburg,
the
halves of the Dual
hope
energies
for
the
external
populations
states
so
race
themselves,
by
the
success
of
any
one
member
industrial
supremacy.
(VI.)
The
present
war
best
mentary
on
achieve
by
it.
Holland into
districts in Westphalia
known
since
the
interest
that
Germany
should
fail.
that
that
we
reorganise
the
political
of reconstruction on
striven to
right the
frontier of
of
Europe,
tions,
has
the sole
in the
with
England,
France
logy, here is
nation
national
cause.
cause which
and which
they are
World will
or pre-
ponderant object
supreme
lost the
stake. The
They
feel
themselves
For
them
they
have
prostituted
to
in
Empire
over
large
alien
populations,
it
a
market
for
German
instance,
where
and
where
Russian
conquest
would
our line
of communications
through the
the respite,
and we
can see
the base
fortune
towards
Russia,
which
will have
worse
than,
those
the European
our
imperative
task,
therefore,
of
this
What
will
be
towards
the
bably exclaim that the very meaning of the word is
sufficient vindication of his honest intentions.
impulse to
Russia
has
at
Serbia's
charge,
and,
culture.
Yet
slavism
m
Bohemia
and
the
Balkans,
the
roll
of
nations
concerned
to
dis-
prove
our
own
guilt,
oUrs.
definite
field
for
almost
miraculous
re-settle-
both parties,
and the
autonomy of
Poland will
indeed put
a
piece
of
of the
settlement might
We
must
discover,
then,
three
vulture
powers,
Russia,
Prussia
and
Austria,
and
national
fragments.
of two
Catholic populations,
and the Duna. They
were linked first in
oligarchic
republic.
The
Polo-Lithuanian
noble
caste
was
paralysed
incompetence upon
steppes
towards
all
this
It included the
from
the
Little
Russians,
extending
South
the
Lithuanians
have
drawn
their
civilisation
in
1773,
and
politically
from
much-
needed
under which
they had
priceless
to her,
had not
acquired a
single Polish-speaking
fortune was
foreign
mediaeval heart,
bringers
aristocratic anarchy
political
of
Posen,
of
Austria.
1863
was
suppressed
interested
powers.
It
had
come
too
late.
With
of the
But the
event
hold
of
the
has
now
at
and the
Warsaw with the
or customs'
Middle
Ages.
Mutual
political enmity
miraculously
broken
obtrude itself in full force.
If
the
subsequent
European
is important
in the
there
the
evil
the
Catholic
Poh'sh
the capacity
for it
the
Pohsh
this
capacity
will
will be
confronted. Poland
will take
Workers
evolved
she will require
of Austria, will
the end of the
it
will
to
commit
shall
of
other
of
the
West.
Russian
Empire.
friends, she would find
material
still to
state
It
goes
without
must include no
will
simply
wall
or
tions
neighbour
nationalities
the
the East-
Prussian frontier,
same
follow
up
the
towards
line should run
the
River
San
at
its
great
Yaroslav
to
Poland,
but
excluding
other
great
bend
and
proceed
to
East of
the starting-place for
coincides
inhabited by Poles
frontier
sketched
permanently
his
case.
still
that
the
Polish enclaves
are proposing
and
Stanislau
—as
thoroughly
established
numerous
on
both
frontiers
gain
at
to corresponding
but like
field
in
terms
like
these :
from
you
be a setback
at
crushing us with
quality
and
of
a
this country,
the supreme
the horizon
Germany has challenged
and
test
it.
If
we
compare
the
the German
contention is
touch with the nation,
administrative
the community
in which
We have seen
Prussianism
inspiring
force
of
mould
Prussian
militaristic
bureaucracy
is
other
mass,
still
that
had
half
by the
stood to Hellas at
the Great.
strike
his
on
the
Ancient
World.
The
do
its
work.
distinctive
and
as
the
sands.
The
Russian
intelligenzia
well-
spring
you pass
Industrial
Europe
into
religion and
and
more
purposeful
Lafayette.
The
friction
and
misunderstanding,
then,
that
at
present
exists
People
of
here
assented
to
the
national
United States, is actively
impression
of
any calcula-
as the triumph
a liberal future.
hand
like
arrested
in
a
Partitions, so that
than
such
1,659,000.
There
They were
this
again under Russian
a
owing to
Livland, from a line
has shared
great
Ugro-Finnish
group.
of native speech,
national
self-consciousness.
Before
the
present
natipnal liberty.
She
has
than
have rallied
wilhng to forget the past in
hope
of
a
happier
future.
The spark of Nationalism has continued to
; in
the
the
hammer
and
a thrust
in the
nations in the
definitely
Crown-land
pathians
and
but
with
should
Roumanian state,
and
would
in our
the whole
Balkan group
mania's just
claims by
which gives
a few miles
beyond the Dniestr's
is
the
strong, while the
by
planted there
the Carpathians.
an
of course,
for ever
port
and
of
the
railway
and
Tchernowiiz.
It
would
the
volume
of
her
trade,
by
focussing
the North,
port
on
the
nationalities within the Western frontier of the Russian
Empire. A fringe
are insignificant slices carved from the Empire's enor-
mous bulk, and
excuse
fraud
generosity could
population
is
character
is
continually
shifting
further
in
only really problem of devolution within the
Empire concerns the relations
The Russian
distinguished
three
sub-sections
(a)
the
former
extreme
form.
(6)
The
once
subject
to
Russian speedi
twentieth,
have
towards
the
E.N.E.,
till
its
glories
is
the Volga, was the holy river of Russia,
and
the strong government
Little
Russians
would
soon
have
forgotten
their
Joseph's activity.
the
Novgorod,
and
in
Southern
Russia
Polish
minority,
when
it
was
bidding
for
government to
own
language
in favour
no
indictment
rejection of
In modern Austria
allowance
total
as customary
business
with
of
a
of
his
brethren
beyond
the
Russian
to most criticism,
has at least
may say
part
of
frontier.
group
at
Lemberg
Russian
nationalist
party,
the
its feeling against
expense
between
Vienna
canvassing
of
by the
the
of
the
Galician
Poles.
Govern-
measure
loyalty
of
instance
of
Berlin.
by exploit-
simultaneously
the
question
of
political unit endowed with
the
and
Kharkov,
less coincides with
a vast scale
a
network
of
railways,
and
growth.
had
been
a
another
of
and
began
to
replace
the
settlers,
and
in
immense
impetus
from
1861,
since
when
the
peasants
in
every
in
into
the
steppes
outweigh
the
Little
Russian
completely
filled
up,
the
of
Odessa, the new
economic system
;
dialect with the Little
and
of a
civilised agricultural
and vine-growing
Tatar population.
it ;
but
dangerous
where
the
fact, so soon as the least divergence of national self-
consciousness creeps in, it
share
cost
where the
principle would be
;
rest
nation need have
itself
remains
The
race,' and
off
Imperial system. It
wear
two
keep
traditions
it
can
material
unit gladly
as the
native
its
core.
self-government
on
a
larger
It
from
Petrograd
on
will be
Trans-
Duma,
considered
of
the
bureaucracy.
L
the
unbroken
be represented
are,
however,
counterbalanced
afforded magnificent natural highways
railways
and now
especially in
the new
land without
spread
Finnish
The
the border of
reservations in
all
of the
3,353,000
Finns
of
a
143,000
civilised
reconcile
a
rival
civilisation.
Christian
and
them
into
the
Volga-Khanates,'^
sixteenth
century,
rather, what is better still,
it is the blending of
two
It
process not only
through
Alexander II.
the
purely
1905,
the first national
dumas was modelled
phase of really constructive
of
eighteenth
century
in possession
in
Serbia
occu-
Magyar professor.
attracting
the
world's
you
your
own
weapon
illustrated
the
with
eighteenth-century
France.
Revolution,
proceeded
to
rob
but to
say
that,
though
adopt
tage,
aiming
functionless
survival,
while
task for which
out)
precisely
as
a
nations
established
in
possession
of
them.
If
you
beat
them to stake their
: economic
environment
with
physical
resources,
and
nations
of
Europe,
and
that might
is
move in
the Imperialist
the
Yellow
Sea,
This idea
Government's
mind,
and
link in
Japanese
War.
But
Like
Great
Russian
Government
at
the
nine-
of
that
which
carried
the
American
who
has
Siberia. The
twentieth
century.
Europe,
timber
and
mines
even
more
promising
than
wealth
independent, energetic and
they settled in the
of
railway than
is at
hands
an
suzerainty
and
place
is their conquest by
over
the
mountain
rim
devastate
and
West
upon
which
they
that
plateau and
nation
barriers,
Turkish
in
speech,
a
rearguard
it is
armies
to
ridges
The
battle
worth
plantations, eke out
irrigation, and in
immense
empty
terri-
temperate
climate
national
life,
endeavour)
ranks
inheritance
they
or to
the
threatened
nations
seriously
by
the
conquest
North-East.
industry,
from
increases
till
she
during
the
nine-
teenth
difficult
on
an
attempt
administration of
reward
con-
barriers in
the
end
as
be the
of
Chinese,
from the desert.
other
will ask,
into
does,
may
transmit
White
Sea,
and
while to
trade there,
and the Black
gave
Russia
a
cent
present.
Great
Lakes.
By
political
more
unfair
straits
civilisation
develops.
We
and
fortress-
artillery
make
them
a
navy
fact the
Russia unjustly, to
soon as the cutting
the German
Russia
had,
and
the open ocean,
the greater
part of
the
Eurasian
continent,
the
British
Isles
up
further
North-
ward
than
along
navigation
from
fjord
the
province, but the
with
much
to
press
powers,
its two
years
ago,^
while
on
the
her
path
by
nation-
ality
out
the
and
proved
a
comer,
relations
between
the
Magyars
has been inalienably
the
stupid
her
free
and shatter
to use
few miles
to
be
patrolled
and
with
doubt that the
gain
the
the Russian
offensive along
the Vistula
as the
Sweden
will
preserve
Russia to
lead a
and independ-
true, but the
open to very grave objections. In the first place it
would
that a victorious
which would reflect upon her
conduct in the past and
thus
Norway
and
Sweden.
entirely
guarantee
we
way
affects
Russia's
internal
in name, and would
in
the guarantors,
ment of a guarantee
guaranteed
imposing
at
to reassure
could
be
within that
pill
would
implant
a
aroused, we
of
an
inter-
an
independent
as
a
pis
alter
when
stand
on
in
tension
if
Finland
were
and the
two nations
original
trust the
the
Norwegian
coast,
we
nation
to death, and this is all that we can do. We have
already convinced ourselves that the ultimate solution of
the national questions of Europe,
and therewith
the nations
themselves. If
desired result by
forcing her to
expect, however, that the
and
cir-
cuitous
for
overland
by
shipment
North
Baltic, the
natural outlet
mercy of
questions
might
to
tainly
fulfilled,
and
the
removal
in the
Baltic of
the peaceful
upon
the
Baltic
coastline.
will seek
Atlantic
standing
itself.
Such
siderations by which
if we can
Baltic in the sense
him,
assurance,
and
end,
with
such
formidable
pohcy,
when
once
the
restoration
of
Schleswig
Europe by
collusion with
Kiel Canal is
Denmark's
power,
have
achieved
by
a
commercial traffic
between the
advantage
in the order of
no right to complain of less favourable treatment in the
Canal, so
long as
it.
ought to
greater
justice
the
sea
by
both
of
natural
like
neigh-
bour's
weakness.
So
far
to
not
her
nations
to
formulate
his
proposals.
Haven,
enabling
the
Thence
it
should
within the
impossible, and
Holstein altogether
between
in
the
hands
of
the
German
nation
full
over
With these suggestions our critic will conclude, and
it will be our turn
once
more
to
pass
entrances to the
the strategical command
it
no
difference
policy or
however
of peace.
many centimetres
reach
of
realisation,
it
Would
the
Kiel
enclave,
more
feasible
project
other a far
from
the
German
state
of
a
incorporate
themselves
in
another
facts
of
geography
their
national
and
in
syilipathy,
the
district
forms
German
ignite the
present war.
even were
they all
a new
lines of attack
bitterly
Danish
government
the
imminent
completion
building
up,
behind
German
naval
force
in
or
both
of
these
hands
of
the
German
navy
fail to
future
if
control,
we have one
a
adopt the former
disease which now
aggressive
remove
immediately we
must adopt
so at the
price of aggravat-
s,uch
tentative^
to
for
her only
Russia, then, must be
and her
Europe
as
on
on for more than a generation while the Dual Monarchy
oppressed a small,
has culminated
The
treatment
the
own
aspirations,
Southern
that
the
Russian
Turkish rule
errantry by blighting the growth of the small Balkan
nationalities :
by blocking the exit from the Black
Sea, while every step
Russia's
Black
Sea,
and
both
shores
of
^gean.
grave
misfortune
both
to
Germany
sketched
through Odessa.
between the Balkan
League and the
by
the
penin-
sula
on
which
miles
long
wheat
and
control
of
the
whole
passage
remains
states
own
to
economic
utilisa-
tion.
Moreoveir,
Germans
and
Magyars.
and is
at
Con-
stantinople
into
a
there
by
his
munications with
India; but
at the
Germany
the con-
hence,
to
see
Russia
challenge
all
mastery
of
the
without
delay.
and
we
need
have
no
Baltic
to
European
catastrophe,
the territories
the
on
the
district of Bigha
peninsula's
neck,
leave
Dagh,
the summit
of Mount
which
were
left
in
Turkey's
possession
by
the
the
Dardanelles.
The
population
of
these
contintious
enclaves
along
the
the fifteenth
century, she
was the
focus of
last
present
Turkish
majority
is
largely
'The
This
notoriety
of
various
is
command),
is
really
class
itself.
cut off
im-
portance.
individual
nation
will
that
is the
goal of
our hopes.
the balance
of armaments
limit
the
differences
by
a
tournay
army
rushed
the
background
to
break
stationed
there
can
act
by guaran-
the
necessary
military
positions,
duty to discharge
enclave,
but the
its
power
with the
that
motion,
and
would
make
the
expecta-
Northern
Albania,
if
the
present
dispersal ; and,
to
carry
out
a
import-
ance
except
in modern
monopolised by
the national
devolved
automatically
govern-
of his com-
a
professional
the various
respective
fatherlands.
of
its
own.
Experience,
choose
to
bestow
their
were notorious for their
had
To find an auspicious precedent
we
must
thirteenth century each nationality guarded
its
section
of
at
that
very
time
was
offer-
ing
his
some
single
existing
in this
in the Baltic, we may at least hope to find
one
with
no
Europe, which
we may
concern,
state
for
arising
customs-service
connection with
the country,
and no
power of
fiasco,
and
there
is
in
fact,
have
constantly
powers might
mobilising against
her frontiers
worth
tentative
suggestion.
President
Wilson
has
offered
Europe
permanent
assistance
of
a
of
the
concrete
means
The financial
London, at
tight compartments
put
of
foundering.
U.S.A.
is
no
doubt
the strongest
semi-
educated
minority
that
controls
tion on the
ties,^ and
of
the
Territory
College
for
for
Christian
Utopian to propose
led us is
prevailing
be saved by her own
efk»rts,
after
this
to
have
The
area
her of
are already
from the Bulgarian
at Adrianople,
and then
strategical
was
the
bulwark
against Bulgaria
galvanised
her
Mesta
is
djali
and
Philippopolis,
and
mouth.
forts, and thus, though
It might
bank
for railway engineering
Eastern bastions of Rhodope
rectified
radius of
Right
should
be
of
a
that
would
her
at
Adrianople
misgovernment
hailed him
but
we
can
Hellas, which
has not
He, indeed,
problems lies in compromises rationally concluded
and
honourably
of
of
Salonika
should
pass
regrettable
the
Austrians
have
Turkestan. When
for the
the
doubt that if the
tion,
their
:
and not
under
guarantee,
we
may
up to the
Straits, with
adminis-
; and
they
have
Japan,
Abdul
Hamid
peasants has
fields : the concerted massacres which
have
annihilating the
squalid
and
unruly.
of
destruction,
government
will to do
order
a government both
talents and
frontier, and
which
swept
its central
the
suffered,
like
of
backward
tion
upon
all
to
an
large an Armenian
the
native
Armenian
East
of
to
the Black
the Eastern
broken ribs
from
sharing
a
common
held their
affected
vigour
and
Anatolia their own.
and
actual
numerical
it
determined
stroke
of
road, till it
upper
Tigris.
After
reach-
ing
the united
the gorge
the
Anatolian
plateau
to
the
Zagros
system,
of
which
the
Judi
Dagh
Armenians
population, of different race
from
fanatically
Zoroastrian
perity
was
more
cruelly
barbarity,
and
about
half
at Julamerk,
of Turkey.
Turkey.
basin of
the
formal
a
South
'
the territories
to foster anarchy by
encouraging the inferior elements
problem
This
ex-
superior
qualities.
Every
been brought
cultural development
of the
mountain
speaking Vlach
and
while
relative
position
they
race,
and
problem
will
have
been
solved.
beside
Poland
and
members
of
the
Russian
Imperial
Federation.
(ii.)
Besides
securing
the
Armenians
any
Government
from
second
scheme
our Mediterranean
her
strength
S
It
will
be
sufficient
for
of
and
Faith.
The
its counsels.
There is
uncompromisingly
resist
any
Panislamism
in
a
national
regeneration
that
some
power
frontiers
Russian
Empire
hope
fulfils
and
transcends
whom falls the burden
with the various
life,
is
far
never
occurs on
not
naturally
for
to
Mitylene
cannot
much
exceed
30,000,000.
neighbours, and
of reality, and
unhappy
Turkish
conscript,
in
they
came
as
blood,
Empire. The menace of the Unbeliever
is
Panarab
from
Egypt,
that the
of
it
the
Indian,
in the
like
Charlemagne,
will
and
speaking
through
his
necessity for
Turkish
They
must
sacrifice
them-
than
that
committed
Empires
fist,
ways
Indian Moslem
and ruins
wars
and
rumours
of
destiny
of
would
not
have
saved
Turkey
from
the fact
Islam, but
the European
studied
the
relations
nations
during
the
last
century,
will
be
moment
might
plausibly
this
concerted
European colonisation,
besides semi-tropical
;
amputation
whose
in
antagonism
forecast
The
cause
of
the
another,
nor
ultimate
object
of
Panislamisra
the
fact
that
adherence
a further proof to ourselves of the
proposition from
our neighbours. It
solemn
intention
it to
and bathe
Anatolian uniformity.
During the
that
has
conquered
exquisite,
match
one
another
in
nothing
but
vitality
and
proselytis-
ing
power
: they
battle for the dominion of the Anatolian race, and the
Turkish speech has
populations
that
hold
at
any
rate
subjects
Balkans,
an
simple.
For
rooted
there
plunged
conceived the fiendish idea of spreading this infection
to
his
not become more than
her
Moors
and
Jews.
now that they
war, they
of their Christian subjects
hopelessly debauched
which their
minded
as
a hand
exemplification
are
to
any
extent
realised,
the
administration
privileges
by
modern
international
civilisation,
it
must
been imported
grain nor metal
till mine and
port on the
another quarter.
on the
channels.
The
force
that
resides
wealth
from
its
bosom,
has
placed
the
point of
French
the English
the
further
advance
of
concession
Asiatic
suburb
of
is
plain
to
is to
a
working
order
beyond
already exists
the
North-
more
business-like
means
the
clumsy
warfare
exorcised, not only
with the bond-holders, and the
worst folly from the point of view of the country's own
interests,
for
it
national
finance
at
must
devise
arrangements
liquidate them.
sohdated
the
whole
itself
had
any single
rivalry,
upon
developments
that
Turkey
to
drag
less
heavily
upon
have
already
gained
infinitely
more
latter interest is
revenues
as
government
(and
its
in the
their
tariff
The
authority
of
the
con-
Anatolia herself,
waterway
through the
chief barrier
the field. The
cession,
the costly tunnel, which
economically
more
company
monopoly of all
as the new
North-East
through
Yozgat
and
Sea
coast.
As
political
and
economic
control
inside
it.
capped
the interest
of Balkan
independence and
into Albania, and finally
aspirations
reasons of its own,
this
particular
direction.
Italy,
the
Ottoman
government
has
practicable
lines
Adalia
railway
would
English
company's
railhead
at
Buldur
thus
become
the
South
coast,
see their
gradually raised
wealth which
their
services
altogether.
accumulated
all the
foreign companies
personnel of her own,
Turkey will have reached
an
equal
in nationality,
Hellas
Young
Turk
chauvinists.
against
Turkey
in
1912,
and
she
stipulated
Turkey.
group
in
speech
and
Hellas.
(c)
Just
mainland.
Its
population
makes
in
the
settlement,
the
island
At
the
rupture
lapsed with all its corollaries, and Cyprus was formally
annexed to the British Empire.'^
Russophobes will rejoice at the step,
because
It
with
Turkey
when
she
took
the
Armenia
nationality
is
to
more
and
more
gracefully
retire,
and
we
proclaim forthwith under
fix
When she has so far
recruited her
strategical
bulwark
that the Russo-
pass
eventually
were
allowed
but
those
acquired
by
Greece
in
1912,
and
also
hers
must
guarantee
and
useless
for
Anatolia
Gulf
of
Iskanderun
itself to
Anatolia. When
turn
and
proceed
North-East
again
along
Dagh. Thence
Arabic
the heavy rain
Persian Gulf, under the Western lee of
the neighbour-
action has made the
alluvial plain
long
much
rise
of
grasses
in
the
of
shifting
sand-hills,
or
the
Mediterranean,
shares the
a
sultry
creek
desert
tain wall,
of
plateaux, which gives
arena
seventh century
a.d. swept
superstructure
itself
are
Turk
of
carrjang
Ottoman
Empire
inherit
from
The
sovereign
of
the
head of Islam,
its first
Ottoman house,
who would
claim to
Selim,
and
transmit
Ottoman line would
oust
the
Turk
Mohammedan nations.
receive
from
the
loyal
sympathy
and
of
Anatolia
in
spite
great a
to
come
as
it
of
ably the most important.
the
in
the
lowland
district
condition
has
the splendid American missions.
peasant
speech,
both
It will
to pacify
have
defied
the
distant
authorities
at
Constantinople.
in
faith,
Damascus
to
the
only
view,
but
the
uninviting
South
cannot
simply
be
left
fastnesses in their midst, if the Bedawin of the desert
are still
for
it
gives
organised
troops
at
throw
Eastern
flank.
Further
between Damascus
held
the
remainder
of
Albanian government
lightly
Anglo-Egyptian reconquest
of the
with
the
is
com-
Egj^tian
upon the
first weakening
best
to keep
these
three
Shiism,
in
highlands
beyond
the
the
range
of
the
equatorial
rains.
Fed
of
and
from
the
Syrian
so
the
country
at
just outside the entrance
Hofuf
and
the
peninsula
more
and
more
plateau
possess.
The
great
alluvial
plain
of
Irak
is
Nile
and
the
the
Tigris
and
malarial swamp,
the
thought and
a
realm
broader
than
Darius',
and
revived
the
glories
the
Tigris,
the
province
prosperity nearly
arteries
that
power's
possibility of
channels,
cast
up
the
embankments,
and
till
and
their
religion
would
accommodate
them
without
difficulty
must
be
put
in
communication
by
under
over Lebanon with Beirut, the greatest port on the
Syrian coast.
change
at
Jerabis,
and
communication
with
the
sea,
itself either
be compromised.
Our programme
since only
to be
rejecting
such
a
proposal.
contemplation
has
already
been
put
in
hand
a different
irrigation
of
Irak,
the
The latter would cer-
were
a
fait
accompli,
built,
unsurveyed. Arabia,
then, has
a good
quarter
their
transforming Syria
E,
on
nations'
friendship,
Britain
and
Germany
effected
a
compromise,
they
would
both
be
threatened
Russia's
part
Armenian
plateau
that
in
1910
with
regard
to
among
themselves
what
be
allotted
then allowed
the private
panies to be
constituted. The chief
principle of this
tion
of
these
the
German
concession
to
Mosul,
the new
new loan an
inde-
wealth
nations
