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Area, Volume, and Center of MassMATH 311, Calculus III
J. Robert Buchanan
Department of Mathematics
Fall 2011
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Introduction
Today we will apply the double integral to the problems offinding
the area of regions in the plane,the volume of a bounded region in three dimensions,the center of mass of a region in the plane.
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Area
If R is a region in the xy -plane, the area A of R is
A =
∫∫R
1 dA
provided the value of the double integral is finite.
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (1 of 6)
Find the area of the triangular region with vertices at (0,2),(3,2), and (1,1).
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0x
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
y
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 6)
The region R is bounded by the graphs of the lines x = 2− yand x = 2y − 1 for 1 ≤ y ≤ 2.
A =
∫∫R
1 dA
=
∫ 2
1
∫ 2y−1
2−y1 dx dy
=
∫ 2
1(2y − 1)− (2− y) dy
=
∫ 2
13y − 3 dy
=32
y2 − 3y∣∣∣∣21
= 6− 6−(
32− 3)
=32
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (3 of 6)
Find the area of the bounded region in the xy -plane betweeny =√
x and y = x2.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0x
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
y
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (4 of 6)
A =
∫∫R
1 dA
=
∫ 1
0
∫ √x
x21 dy dx
=
∫ 1
0
√x − x2 dx
=23
x3/2 − 13
x3∣∣∣∣10
=13
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (5 of 6)
Find the area of the bounded region in the xy -plane betweeny = x and x = y2 − y .
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
-1
0
1
2
3
x
y
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (6 of 6)
A =
∫∫R
1 dA
=
∫ 2
0
∫ y
y2−y1 dx dy
=
∫ 2
0y − (y2 − y) dy
=
∫ 2
02y − y2 dy
= y2 − 13
y3∣∣∣∣20
= 4− 83
=43
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Volume of a Solid Region
If f (x , y) ≥ 0 for all (x , y) in a region R, the volume of the solidbelow the surface z = f (x , y) and above the region R in thexy -plane is
V =
∫∫R
f (x , y) dA.
If f (x , y) ≥ g(x , y) for all (x , y) in a region R, the volume of thesolid below the surface z = f (x , y) and above the surfacez = g(x , y) within the the region R in the xy -plane is
V =
∫∫R(f (x , y)− g(x , y)) dA.
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Volume of a Solid Region
If f (x , y) ≥ 0 for all (x , y) in a region R, the volume of the solidbelow the surface z = f (x , y) and above the region R in thexy -plane is
V =
∫∫R
f (x , y) dA.
If f (x , y) ≥ g(x , y) for all (x , y) in a region R, the volume of thesolid below the surface z = f (x , y) and above the surfacez = g(x , y) within the the region R in the xy -plane is
V =
∫∫R(f (x , y)− g(x , y)) dA.
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (1 of 4)
Find the volume of the solid region below the graph of z = ey2
and above the triangle in the xy -plane with vertices at (0,0),(1,1), (0,1).
0.0
0.5
1.0
x0.0
0.5
1.0
y1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
z
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 4)
V =
∫∫R
f (x , y) dA
=
∫∫R
ey2dA
=
∫ 1
0
∫ y
0ey2
dx dy
=
∫ 1
0xey2
∣∣∣y0
dy
=
∫ 1
0yey2
dy
=12
ey2∣∣∣∣10
=12
e − 12
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (3 of 4)
Find the volume of the solid region above the graph ofz = 2x2 + y2 and below the graph of z = 8− x2 − 2y2 andwithin the rectangle R = {(x , y) |0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1}.
0.0
0.5
1.0
x0.0
0.5
1.0
y0
2
4
6
8
z
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (4 of 4)
V =
∫∫R
f (x , y) dA
=
∫ 1
0
∫ 1
0(8− x2 − 2y2)− (2x2 + y2) dx dy
=
∫ 1
0
∫ 1
0(8− 3x2 − 3y2) dx dy
=
∫ 1
08x − x3 − 3xy2
∣∣∣10
dy
=
∫ 1
0(8− 1− 3y2) dy
=
∫ 1
0(7− 3y2) dy
= 7y − y3∣∣∣10
= 6
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Moments and Center of Mass
lamina: a thin sheet of material in the shape of a regionR ⊂ R2.
ρ(x , y): the density of the lamina at (x , y).m: mass of the lamina
m =
∫∫Rρ(x , y) dA.
Mx : moment with respect to the x-axis
Mx =
∫∫R
yρ(x , y) dA.
My : moment with respect to the y -axis
My =
∫∫R
xρ(x , y) dA.
(x , y) center of mass
(x , y) =
(My
m,Mx
m
)J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (1 of 2)
A lamina with density ρ(x , y) = y + 3 is bounded by the curvesx = y2 and x = 4. Find its mass, moments, and center of mass.
0 1 2 3 4
-2
-1
0
1
2
x
y
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
m =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2(12 + 4y − 3y2 − y3) dy = 32
Mx =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2(12y + 4y2 − 3y3 − y4) dy =
12815
My =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2
(24 + 8y − 3
2y4 − 1
2y5)
dy =384
5
(x , y) =
(My
m,Mx
m
)=
(125,
415
)
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
m =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2(y + 3) dx dy =
∫ 2
−2(12 + 4y − 3y2 − y3) dy = 32
Mx =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2(12y + 4y2 − 3y3 − y4) dy =
12815
My =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2
(24 + 8y − 3
2y4 − 1
2y5)
dy =384
5
(x , y) =
(My
m,Mx
m
)=
(125,
415
)
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
m =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2(y + 3) dx dy =
∫ 2
−2(12 + 4y − 3y2 − y3) dy = 32
Mx =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2(12y + 4y2 − 3y3 − y4) dy =
12815
My =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2
(24 + 8y − 3
2y4 − 1
2y5)
dy =384
5
(x , y) =
(My
m,Mx
m
)=
(125,
415
)
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
m =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2(y + 3) dx dy =
∫ 2
−2(12 + 4y − 3y2 − y3) dy = 32
Mx =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2(12y + 4y2 − 3y3 − y4) dy =
12815
My =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2
(24 + 8y − 3
2y4 − 1
2y5)
dy =384
5
(x , y) =
(My
m,Mx
m
)=
(125,
415
)
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
m =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2(y + 3) dx dy =
∫ 2
−2(12 + 4y − 3y2 − y3) dy = 32
Mx =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2(12y + 4y2 − 3y3 − y4) dy =
12815
My =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−2
(24 + 8y − 3
2y4 − 1
2y5)
dy =384
5
(x , y) =
(My
m,Mx
m
)=
(125,
415
)J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Moment of Inertia
Inertia: tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.Ix : moment of inertia about the x-axis
Ix =
∫∫R
y2ρ(x , y) dA.
Iy : moment of inertia about the y -axis
Iy =
∫∫R
x2ρ(x , y) dA.
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (1 of 2)
A lamina with density ρ(x , y) = y + 3 is bounded by the curvesx = y2 and x = 4. Find its moments of inertia.
0 1 2 3 4
-2
-1
0
1
2
x
y
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
Ix =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−212y2 + 4y3 − 3y4 − y5 dy
= 4y3 + y4 − 35
y5 − 16
y6∣∣∣∣2−2
=1285
Iy =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−264 +
643
y − y6 − 13
y7 dy
= 64y +323
y2 − 17
y7 − 124
y8∣∣∣∣2−2
=1536
7
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
Ix =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−212y2 + 4y3 − 3y4 − y5 dy
= 4y3 + y4 − 35
y5 − 16
y6∣∣∣∣2−2
=128
5
Iy =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−264 +
643
y − y6 − 13
y7 dy
= 64y +323
y2 − 17
y7 − 124
y8∣∣∣∣2−2
=1536
7
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Example (2 of 2)
Ix =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2y2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−212y2 + 4y3 − 3y4 − y5 dy
= 4y3 + y4 − 35
y5 − 16
y6∣∣∣∣2−2
=128
5
Iy =
∫ 2
−2
∫ 4
y2x2(y + 3) dx dy
=
∫ 2
−264 +
643
y − y6 − 13
y7 dy
= 64y +323
y2 − 17
y7 − 124
y8∣∣∣∣2−2
=1536
7
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass
Homework
Read Section 13.2.Exercises: 1–17 odd, 23–31 odd, 37, 43, 45
J. Robert Buchanan Area, Volume, and Center of Mass