Are we all a little bit crazy?

Mental Health is a matter of degree

Chapter 18:Mental Health

List three things that you would consider mildly abnormal behavior

Mental Health is a matter of degree

abnormal

severemildRelativel

yhealthynormal

Self actualize

d

Psychosis Not in touchWith reality

Anxiety Disorders

Somatoform Disorders

Schizophrenia

Dissociative Disorders

Types of Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety: generalized feeling of apprehensionPanic Disorder: frequent overwhelming attacks of anxietyPhobic Disorders: disabled by fear in presence of certain objects or situations. Two types:Specific Phobia: snakes, heights, enclosed spaces, etc.Agoraphobia: literal homebodies…will not leave home. Fear of leaving familiar environments.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Endless preoccupation with

urge or thought

Symbolic ritualized behavior

Continued thoughts about performing a

certain act over and over

Recently found that brain chemicals

trigger the circuits over and over

Somatoform Disorders

Conversion Disorders

Hypochondriasis

Serious psychological trauma converts into physical dysfunction. Example: hysterical blindness, paralysis

Excessive concern about physical health, often from only receiving positive attention as a child when sick.

Dissociative Disorders

amnesia fuguedissociative identity

disorder

Amnesia

• Dissociative Disorder related to trauma• Memories “disappear”. • Most common psychological amnesia related

to war experiences: selective forgetting

Fugue States

Dissociative Identity DisorderDissociative Identity Disorder or Multiple

Personality DisorderHaunted, confused personality, upsetting traumatic

abuseSometimes one personality does not

know the others

Sometimes one personality will know and work with the others

History of guilt over unacceptable impulsesThis is NOT schizophrenia….personalities know reality vs. unreality, can think and communicate and do not believe

things that do not exist

Mood Disorders

DYSRHMIC DISORDER:“low spirits”, moderate depression, general sadness, usually goes away

on its own

MAJOR DEPRESSION:Slow speech, disturbances in sleep,

appetite, energy, hopelessness, thoughts of suicide

MANIAExtreme agitation, restlessness,

rapid speech and thoughts “flight of ideas” delusions of all powerful

ability

BIPOLAR DISORDERCombination of mania and Major

depressive episodes. When hallucinations are included,

diagnosis is manic depressive psychosis

Serotonin is a brain chemical that plays a large role in mood disorders:

Too much can cause maniaNot enough can cause depression

Psychotic Disorders

Psychosis•Severe mental disorder involving major problems with emotional thought processes, distorted perceptions of the world

Thought Disorder

•A serious distortion of the ability to think or speak in a lucid and coherent way•Hallucination: seeing or hearing something not there•Delusion: belief in something that is not true

Schizophrenia

•Most serious mental disturbance involving loss of contact with reality, thought disorders, hallucinations and delusions.•Affects about 1% of population•Some have one episode and get better•Some have many and do not respond to treatment very well all the time•Some spend most of their lives in and out of institutions.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia• Appears in late adolescence or early adulthood• Word Salad: words are all mixed up incoherently• Clang Associations: Psychotic speech in which words are

rhymed• Subtypes of Schizophrenia:• Catatonic: say very little, do not speak, stupor much of the time,

very little movement• Paranoid: strong feelings of persecution and suspiciousness,

grandiose beliefs.• Disorganized Schizophrenia: extreme thought disturbances,

rarely live outside of institutions• Undifferentiated: does not fit other types• Psychotic Episodes: come in cycles

Louis Wain pre diagnosis

Louis Wain post diagnosis

Personality Disorders

• Antisocial Personality Disorder: person seems in constant conflict with authority, law and has no conscience, also known as a sociopath

• Most criminals do not even fit into this category….they follow some rules!

• Borderline Personality Disorder: unstable emotions and relationships, dependency, self destructive behavior

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV

• Used by mental health workers to categorize the hundreds of sets of symptoms of mental, emotional, personality, and physical/mental health disorders

• F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders • F10-F19 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use • F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders • F30-F39 Mood [affective] disorders • F40-F48 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders • F50-F59 Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical

factors • F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality and behaviour • F70-F79 Mental retardation • F80-F89 Disorders of psychological development • F90-F98 Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and

adolescence • F99 Unspecified mental disorder