Arduino Kids Course

8/11/2019 Arduino Kids Course

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Arduino Camp


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Picture Hardware Hacking

by nicholasjon- flickr


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What will we learn?

A little about what computers aremade of.

How we tell computers what to do

How to build our own robot!


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What is a computer?

Definition: An electronic device forstoring and processing data.

What is data?

What does it mean to process?

What are computers made of?


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What is a computer made of?

Components

Electrical devices that together processdata

PCBPrinted Circuit Board

A board that holds and connects thesecomponents together

Wires which are flat on a board.


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Lets put one together!

Build our own small circuit

The basis of a computer

Computers have millions ofcomponents

Our circuit will only have 5


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Lets put one together!

Place components on Board

Solder them to board

Soldering is just like hot glue but with metal

Solder will carry electricity and hold partstogether

Soldering is just heating up the metal

glue and letting it cool on bothcomponents holding them to the board.

Ok lets break up and solder ourbadges!


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Programmers?

Definition

a person who writes computer programs; aperson who programs a device, especially

a computer.

Are any of you programmers?


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We are all programmers

Giving people directions is a form ofprogramming.

Languages English

Java

C

Spanish


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What can programming do?

The Internet

Video Games


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What can programming do?

Machines

Electronics


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Getting Started

Lets write a simple program Program me to open my drink!

Things to think about

What commands can you give me? Does the command you give me work all the

time?

How do I know if something went wrong?

What do I do if something goes wrong.


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Opening a Drink

Step 1


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Opening a Drink

1.)Do you have a drink?

If not then you are done.

If so then go to step 2.

2.)Pickup Drink.

3.)Is drink already open? If yes then you are done!

If no then goto step 4.

4.)place finger under tab and pull.

5.)Is drink now open? If yes you are done.

If no then contact technical support!


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Lets learn another language

Computers dont speak Engl

Computers speak computer languages C

Java

Pascal

.Net

Language is much smaller Less words

Stricter rules


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Who are we going to talk to?

Arduino Small computer that we can change/modify


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Our first Arduino program

Blink a light Make sure everything is working

Learn about Digital Output

Learn some basics of the Arduino language


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How does a light work Electricity flows from the +(positive) to the(negative)

Along the way it makes things work (like light bulbs and motors!)

LED (light emitting diode) is a type of light -> very efficient and small

To much electricity would damage the light.

We use a resistor to slow the flow of electricity to make sure the light bulbdoesnt get damaged.


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With an Arduino GND = - (negative)

PIN 13 = + (positive)

Pin 13 is a digital OUTPUT


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What does digital mean? Means it can have two states. ON or OFF

Just like a switch

ON means electricity flows

OFF means no electricity flows

When pin 13 is ON electricity will flow to the light and it willbe on.

When pin 13 is OFF electricty will not flow the light will beoff.

How do we tell the Arduino to turn on or off the light? PROGRAM!


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Lets write in english first Think how we would blink a light if we were doing it

Write it out in english (since humans are best at this language)

Convert these steps into language the computer understands(translate)

Can anyone tell me how to blink a light?


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Turn light ON

Wait 1 second

Turn light off

REPEAT!


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Blink Program


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Arduino Language Use a pin as an output = pinMode([PIN NUMBER], OUTPUT)

Wait for some time = delay([VALUE]) Value = seconds * 1000 (milliseconds)

Turn pin on or turn pin off = digitalWrite( [PIN NUMBER], [VALUE])

Value = 1 or 0 (1 = on, 0 = off)


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We have to give our directions to the computer Press the upload button in the top left of the Arduino program

What Happens?


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Make Blink do More?

Can you make the light blink faster?

Can you make the light blink slower?

Can you make the light spend more time on than off?

Plug the blue wire into pin 12, can you make that light blink in unison withthe light on pin 13?

Lets take 20 minutes and try! Work with your partner, if you get stuck raiseyour hand for help!


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Blink Program


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Blink Program


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Blink Program


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Blink Program


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More than just blinking!

We can use the on off signal to do more than just blink

We can control lots of other things than just lights. Motors

Heaters

Pumps

Speakers

And lots more

Using control of all these together we can build amazing things lie Xboxes,Robots, and Cell phones.


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What about INPUT

We have learned about controlling external items. OUTPUT

What about getting data from the environment. INPUT We can read if a pin is on or off


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How do we attach a button?


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RS232-TTL Trace

Note Inversion


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Lets Send Some Serial

Open BB_Serial_8N1

Using delayMicroseconds();

Delay Bit time ~(1/9600)

Start and Stop Bit

Issues

Skew

Bit Banging (Interrupts etc can causeerrors)

Runs under the main run loop


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Use the Bus Pirate

Open terminal 119200-8-N-1

m

3

5

1

1

11

(2)


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Make this Better?

Problems?

Uses Run Loop

Timing is inaccurate

Interrupts Effect loop (priority)

Suggestions?


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Solutions

Interrupts

Break normal loop and run ISR

Ensure Priority

Allow main run loop to do other tasks

Timers

Time based trigger

Resolve issues of code timing


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Button Setup


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Interrupts

Volatile

attachInterrupt(p1, p2, p3)

param1 = Which interrupt to listen for.

param2 = Which code function to call

param3 = condition to watch for

LOW = at a LOW state

RISING = changes from LOW to HIGH

FALLING = changes from HIGH to LOW

CHANGE = pin changes state


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Interrupts

On Trigger stops what it is doing

Runs ISR

Returns to normal execution after ISR

PIN 2,3 = Interrupt 0,1


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Interrupts

ReAssigning Interrupts

Use attachInterrupt() again

Starting / Stopping Interrupts

noInterrupts()

interrupts().

Removing Interrupts

detachInterrupt(interrupt_number)

Can be used within an ISR!


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Problems?

Hack this example

Can you make it toggle?

Add Debounce

Add another button on pin 3?

Make a two stage togglerequire button1 then button 2 pressed in order to toggle.

(out of order presses does nothing)


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Timers

Three timers

Capture/Compare Registers

Dont use low level yet

TimerOne Library


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Timers

Timers on Arduino

Timer0(System timing, PWM 5 and 6) millis()

Timer1(PWM 9 and 10)Used to drive PWM

outputs for digital pins 9 and 10.

Timer2 (PWM 3 and 11)Used to drive PWMoutputs for digital pins 3 and 11.

While all the timers are used only Timer0has assigned timer ISR. This means wecan hijack Timer1 / Timer2 for our uses.


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TimerOne

initialize(period)

The minimum period or highest frequencythis library supports is 1 microsecond or 1

MHz. The maximum period is 8388480

microseconds or about 8.3 seconds.

Note that setting the period will changethe attached interrupt and both pwmoutputs' frequencies and duty cyclessimultaneously.


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TimerOne

pwm(pin, duty, period)Generates aPWM waveform on the specified pin.Output pins for Timer1 are PORTB pins 1

and 2, so you have to choose betweenthese two, anything else is ignored. OnArduino, these are digital pins 9 and 10,

so those aliases also work.


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TimerOne

attachInterrupt(function, period)Calls afunction at the specified interval inmicroseconds.

setPwmDuty(pin, duty)A fast shortcut forsetting the pwm duty

detachInterrupt()Disables the attached

interrupt. disablePwm(pin)Turns PWM off for the

specified pin so you can use that pin for

Documents

Arduino Kids Course