Arduino Josh Villbrandt February 4, 2012. Digital Circuits Analog versus digital – What’s the...
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Arduino Josh Villbrandt February 4, 2012. Digital Circuits Analog versus digital – What’s the difference? – How to represent an analog signal in a computer?
Digital Circuits Analog versus digital Whats the difference?
How to represent an analog signal in a computer? How to measure an
analog signal? voltage divider analog to digital converter (ADC)
Combinational logic logic gates (built from transistors) AND/NAND,
OR/XOR, NOR/XNOR Add gates together to make functional blocks Add,
subtract, multiply, divide, mux, demux Sequential logic SR-latch
Basis for memory
Slide 3
Microcontrollers Combines commonly used functional blocks
together Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) CPU register Provides an
instruction set Fetch, decode, execute This happens each clock
cycle
Slide 4
ATmega328 8 bit microcontroller at 16MHz Memory 32KB Flash
(bootloader and program storage) 2KB SRAM (run-time memory) 1KB
EEPROM (program controlled permanent storage; like a hard drive)
Features Two 8-bit timers and one 16-bit timer 14 digital pins
(input or output) 2 pins can be used for TTL (transistor-transitor
logic) serial universal synchronous/asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (USART or UART) Can use all pins as software
serial Easily converted to RS-232 (-25V to -3V and 3V to 25V
instead of 0V and 5V) 6 pins can be used for 8-bit Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) 4 pins can be used for Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI) Fast, synchronous, short distances Can enable an internal
pull-up resistor on each line 6 (or 8) analog input pins (10 bit) 2
pins can be used for two wire interface (TWI) including
Inter-Integrated Circuit communication (I 2 C) Multi-master,
multi-slave, up to 128 devices on one bus, generally low speed
Slide 5
Arduino An ATmega328 microcontroller wrapped with some
convenience circuits FTDI converts TTL serial to USB Power
regulation, USB overcurrent protection Standardized form factor
means people can build and share daughter boards (shields) Motor
shield Bluetooth, wifi, or GSM shield Proto shield LED on pin 13
Reset button
Slide 6
More Info General microcontroller explanation from
semiconductors and up http://www.coactionos.com/embedded-
design/135-how-microcontrollers- work.html?showall=&limitstart=
http://www.coactionos.com/embedded-
design/135-how-microcontrollers- work.html?showall=&limitstart=
Arduino UNO spec page with ATmega328 datasheet:
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno
