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3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
David H. Bromwich1,2, Keith M. Hines1
and Le-Sheng Bai1
1Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center2Atmospheric Sciences Program, Dept. of Geography
The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
Arctic System Reanalysis*
*Supported by NSF and NOAA
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
OutlineArctic System Reanalysis: Why, how and who?
Polar WRF Development at Ohio State
Polar WRF vs. AWS and Polar MM5Greenland: Dec. 2002 + June 2001
SHEBA 1997/98
Arctic land in progress
• Atmospheric Data Assimilation at NCAR
• Noah Land Surface Modeling at NCAR
• Summary
Arctic System Reanalysis Arctic System Reanalysis MotivationMotivation1. Rapid climate change is happening in the Arctic, as
illustrated by the all-time minimum of summer sea ice extent in September 2007. A comprehensive picture of the climate interactions is needed.
2. Global reanalyses encounter many problems at high latitudes. The ASR would use the best available depiction of Arctic processes with improved temporal resolution and much higher spatial resolution.
3. The ASR would provide fields for which direct observation aresparse or problematic (precipitation, radiation, cloud, ...) at higher resolution than from existing reanalyses.
4. A system-oriented approach would provide community focus with the atmosphere, land surface and sea ice communities.
5. The ASR would provide a convenient synthesis of Arctic field programs (SHEBA, LAII/ATLAS, ARM, ...).
ASR OutlineA physically-consistent integration of Arctic data,
including enhanced observations of the Sustained Arctic Observing Network (SAON)
Participants:Ohio State University - Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC)
- and Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC)National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR)University of ColoradoUniversity of IllinoisUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks
High resolution in space (~15 km) and time (3 hours)
Begin with years 2000-2010 (EOS coverage)
Supported by NSF as an IPY project
ASR Duty RosterPolar WRF Model Development and Optimized Sea Ice Representation
OSU BPRC Polar Meteorology Group, PI
Mesoscale Atmospheric Data Assimilation
NCAR MMM (D. Barker + Y.-H. Kuo)
Land Surface Treatment and Data Assimilation
NCAR (F. Chen, developer of the Noah LSM)
University of Colorado (M. Serreze)
Data Ingest, Data Monitoring, and Quality Control
University of Illinois (J. Walsh) and U. Colorado
Computing
Ohio Supercomputer Center
Arctic Regions Supercomputer Center?
Reanalysis Distribution to the Community
U. Illinois/NOAA CDC?/NCAR?
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
ASR High Resolution Domain
Outer Grid: ~45 km resolution
Inner Grid: ~15 km resolution
Vertical Grid: ~60 levels
Inner Grid includes Arctic river basins
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Pressure at SHEBA Camp and Barrow January 1998
1000
10051010
10151020
1025
10301035
10401045
1050
1 6 11 16 21 26 31January 1998
Pres
sure
(hPa
)
2 9 .5 3 0 1
PWRF 2.3 SHEBAPWRF 2.3 Barrow, AlaskaSHEBA ObservationsBarrow, Alaska Observations
ASR Numerical Model: Polar WRFWeather Research and Forecasting Model
SHEBA 1997/8 Grid
January 1998 SHEBA Results
Polar Optimization at Ohio State:Fractional sea iceSea ice albedoMorrison microphysics (2-moment)Noah LSM modificationsHeat transfer through snow and ice
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
2 m Temperature at Swiss Camp and Summit
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
December 2002
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
AWS Swiss Camp AWS SummitPMM5 Swiss Camp PMM5 Summit
10-m Wind Speed at Swiss Camp and Summit
-10
-5
0
5
10
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35
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
December 2002
Spee
d (m
/s) a
t Sw
iss
Cam
p
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AWS Swiss Camp PMM5 Swiss Camp
AWS Summit PMM5 Summit
Spee
d (m
/s) a
t Sum
mit
2 m Temperature at Swiss Camp and Summit
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
December 2002
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
AWS Swiss Camp AWS SummitPMM5 Swiss Camp PMM5 SummitWRF Swiss Camp WRF Summit
10-m Wind Speed at Swiss Camp and Summit
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
December 2002
Spee
d (m
/s) a
t Sw
iss
Cam
p
0
5
10
15
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25
30
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40
45
AWS Swiss Camp WRF Swiss CampPMM5 Swiss Camp AWS SummitWRF Summit PMM5 Summit
Spee
d (m
/s) a
t Sum
mit
Polar MM5
Correlation 0.84
Bias -2.3
RMSE 5.6
Polar WRF
Noah + MYJ + WSM5
Correlation 0.80
Bias 3.0
RMSE 6.0
Polar MM5
Correlation 0.87
Bias 2.5
RMSE 3.1
Polar WRF
Correlation 0.85
Bias 1.5
RMSE 2.4
Summit
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Incident Longwave Radiation at Summit June 2001
100
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240
260
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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Local Standard Time
Flux
(w/m
**2)
Observed Max Observed Average Observed Min
Incident Longwave Radiation at Summit June 2001
100
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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Local Standard Time
Flux
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**2)
Observed Max Polar MM5 Max Polar WRF MaxObserved Average Polar MM5 Average Polar WRF AverageObserved Min Polar MM5 Min Polar WRF Min
Incident Shortwave Radiation Summit June 2001
0
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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Local Standard Time
Flux
(w/m
**2)
Observed Min
Observed Average
Observed Max
Incident Shortwave Radiation Summit June 2001
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
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800
900
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Local Standard Time
Flux
(w/m
**2)
Observed MinObserved AverageObserved MaxPolar MM5 MinPolar MM5 AveragePolar MM5 MaxPolar WRF MinPolar WRF AveragePolar WRF Max
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
SHEBA Location (from Perovich et al. 2007)
Test Polar WRF for Arctic Ocean/sea ice with selected SHEBA case studies (1997/1998)
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Figure 7. Surface pressure (hPa) from observations and Polar WRF at Ice Station SHEBA for January 1998, June 1998, and August 1998
August Surface Pressure at Ice Station SHEBA
990
995
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
August 1998
Pres
sure
(hPa
)
ObservationsPolar WRF
cCorrelation: 0.99Bias: 0.6 hPaRMSE: 1.5 hPa
June Surface Pressure at Ice Station SHEBA
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
Pres
sure
(hPa
)
June 1998
ObservationsPolar WRF
bCorrelation: 0.97Bias: 1.1hPaRMSE: 2.0 hPa
January Surface Pressure at Ice Station SHEBA
10001005101010151020102510301035104010451050
1 6 11 16 21 26 31
Pres
sure
(hPa
)
January 1998
ObservationsPolar WRF
a
Correlation: 0.98Bias: 0.5 hPaRMSE: 2.2 hPa
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Mesoscale Atmospheric Data Assimilation
Mesoscale Atmospheric Data Assimilation
Dale BarkerNCAR MMM
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
WRF-Var Observations for ASR WRF-Var Observations for ASR In-Situ:
- Surface (SYNOP, METAR, SHIP, BUOY).- Upper air (TEMP, PIBAL, AIREP, ACARS).
Remotely sensed retrievals:- Atmospheric Motion Vectors (e.g. MODIS).- Ground-based GPS Total Precipitable Water.- SSM/I oceanic surface wind speed and TPW.- Scatterometer oceanic surface winds.- Wind Profiler.- Radar radial velocities and reflectivities.- Satellite temperature/humidities (e.g. TOVS, AIRS?).- GPS refractivity (e.g. COSMIC).
Radiance Assimilation:- Microwave: AMSU, SSM/I, SSMI/S(?)- Infrared: HIRS, AIRS(?), IASI(?).
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
WRF-Var Radiance Assimilation StatusWRF-Var Radiance Assimilation StatusBUFR 1b radiance ingest.
RTM interface: RTTOV8_5 or CRTM
NESDIS microwave surface emissivity model
Range of monitoring diagnostics.
Quality Control for HIRS, AMSU, AIRS, SSMI/S.
Bias Correction (Adaptive, Variational in 2008)
Variational observation error tuning
Parallel: MPI
Flexible design to easily add new satellite sensors
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
DMSP(SSMI/S)
Aqua (AMSU, AIRS)
NOAA (HIRS, AMSU)
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
DATC Antarctic TestbedDATC Antarctic Testbed
Testbed Configuration (from MMM/AMPS):Model: WRF-ARW, WRF-Var (version 2.2).Namelists: 60 km (165x217), 31 levels, 240 s timestep.Period: October 2006.Suite: NoDA, 3D-Var (6-hourly full cycling).
SondeCoverage
COSMIC Coverage
Hui Shao, DATC
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Land Component for Arctic System Reanalysis
Land Component for Arctic System Reanalysis
Fei Chen and Michael Barlage Research Applications Laboratory (RAL)
The Institute for Integrative and Multidisciplinary Earth Studies (TIIMES)National Center for Atmospheric Research
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS) for ASR
High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS) for ASR
Blending atmospheric and land-surface observations and land surface modelTo provide land state variables for driving the coupled Polar WRF/Noah modeling system– Soil moisture (liquid and solid phase) – Soil temperature– Snow water equivalent and depth– Canopy water content – Vegetation characteristics
To provide long-term evolution of the above variables plus surface hydrological cycle (runoff, evaporation) and energy cycle (surface heat flux, ground heat flux, upward long-wave radiation)
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
ASR Land Modeling TimelineASR Land Modeling Timeline
2000 2010
HRLDAS and WRF coupled simulations
Blended WRF Input to HRLDAS
1hr 1hr
Blended Hourly Forcing DataWRF: T,q,U,SW,LWCMAP: precipitationGDAS: snow, SW, LWAir Force: snowGLDAS: SW, LW
1hr
3hrHRLDAS communicates to WRF
Improved Land Surface StatesSnowSoil Moisture/TemperatureLand Surface Temperature
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
WRF domainWRF domain• 600 x 600 cells• 20 km• polar projection
• ref_lat = 90• ref_lon = 0• truelat = 70• stand_lon = -110
3rd WCRP International Reanalysis Conference Tokyo, Japan
Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Summary of ASR StatusSummary of ASR StatusASR grew out of Antarctic NWP. Development of enhanced components are proceeding, and will soon be merged. Coupled atmosphere-land DA, but not atmosphere-ocean. Arctic ocean DA being done by others that offers the prospect of enhanced ocean conditions (e.g., sea ice thickness).WRF (and Noah LSM) physics are being optimized for polar applications beginning with Greenland and Arctic Ocean domains. Arctic land is next.Atmospheric data assimilation advances at NCAR. Start with 3DVAR, but transition to 4DVAR or EnKF anticipated.HRLDAS will provide high-resolution land surface variables on the same grid as WRF-3DVAR.Timeline: Completion of 2000-2010 by 2011. Second phase is anticipated to cover 1958-present in a climate monitoring capacity with major NOAA participation likely.