Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs

RG1/053, Samuel P. Fay Collection

Samuel P. Fay’s Diary (1)

1915 May 8- July 5

Digital ID: 1_053_1

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1915.

Saturday, ay 8, to 'ton ay, y 17.

The day I had solectod for y de arture was as it turn d out on of in­t nse exci tem nt in e'l Yor , as " 11 a.a in all po.rts of the civiliz d ~orld, for the Lunitania had been sunk by a submarine and hm1dreds of its passengers had been drm'm d. very one •as a.e;hast at Garmany's murderous deed.. ..l edl ss to say, it had its ffect on the inds of .any of those about to sail and so o at tho last moment c. noell d heir -passages . Io 1ever, tllo .spaene left tho dock o.t 3e ., tor'... ehortl~y aft r 3 • on schedule ime and 1 71 t.1out event proc oded do ·vn the harbor. It was not long ully realized the existence of the ~ar. Goin0

do'ln tho rivor ;o "'a sed num rous int rned G rma.n merchant ships ith their colors flyin ~nd outsid be~ond the throe ilo li .it a ritish b ttleship ~as lyin~ in ·"rai t. n Italian ship just ahead of us ha.d b en hold up by her and o. small boat :ns just returning to tho battleship which '1ad alJ.o~lod her to roooed. ,.,..o 1ere likewise held up while tho En~lish officers mado sure of our identit;y .. althou'"" "lith-out boarding us. As ~oon as thoy had assured thems .1 vas that •;e mre not· some interned Ger.ron ship 4 1--yin~ to e cape we wcr a.llortod to procoed. he e was · converted cruiser on our other side so that the harbor is ;;ell ;atchod. roo ~nt-ly ' o t oro on our -vuy a ,o.in and tho varships ·;oro lost to sit;ht.

At 1· st the trip had be~un an ~o settled do·m for eisht or nine dayG ~o the case ight be. The \·:oa. thor 3 t f iro t ·.;u.s chilly but the next day YTO ~.;ere in tho Gulf stroarn and it w·1s oo :tr;·;y th.1.t evoryono felt lifelons. A fer1 days later it freshonod up ~ nd "\Ye had lots of sun and a clear, bri::;k air. · horo ·as '1 fresh uind over,'! d.ay and tl e bout rolled mo.., t of the trlp considerabl; but on tho vhole it was · comfortable pa.ssa~Je, robnbly more so than t e ·1verap;e. The ~spngn is ..., co:nfor .. , blo ship, sho a,:os a out , eventeen knots per hour '1ncl there is no vibra ion. he only comnlaint is the food, which is oor, but 01ie optimiB-tic an says it's bettor ·han thoy get in the trenchoo, GO we cnn't kio • r:11ere are only seventy-five in the first ca1in so there is lots or room. he peo le are . o.._., tly Fr nc 1 though half a dozen cot ntrios are , oll ropreoentod. 't few .. ire interestin~,· here is a. Groc1t,- a tall, fine lookin) mn.n of about thirty-five, vho can talk several languacieG, h2~vin1?. had a fine ed·tcation and h?s beautiful . · .nnors. r_o seems to be very a tiracti ve to the ladieo but equally no to the mon.

e has been throt ,;> 1 two 'l.ll .. a.n \ '• ra; ~ s .~OU..'tldod once nnd recently has been bu~:r­ing supnlies in rre ' York for his COlUltry ir_ preparation for ·war. I;ow he ha~ been roc'1lled by hi~ govern .ent 1hich he thi l.ks means that he;y- are about reu..dy t enter tho \"Jar. Iowovor, he is ready for unythinc and unc oubtedl· en~joy~, fip;ht­in. as .uch aB : ;in love at which he ls an n.dept. 'rhore are sevort; 1 doctor ... on board, one t;oin.; to the Bol. iun ield hosryital !.lnd another to ::>au, ao .1cll a3 a. nu~nber of trained nurses. monr; others thero is a • renchma.n, :1h0 • s five sono in the n.r.ny, one of .J oJ 1 was killod only ·- few ys before he sailod. ne ·Is-

naper correspondent,- he Pathe fa.r.1ily (the Jovin~ picture poo le) and, number of "buyers" from various im· ortinr; houses in ~ ew Yor. .. , co .. _ rise th rest of tho list.

cieveral or th colleges re re re: nted for t ore is one il1d.i vidual each from Harvard, Yale and rinceton. 'he \vnr new.., etc. ls ostod every da,y but there is very little of it t at 1 de inlto.

O-day ul. ".:ftaenth) tho C::Lpt. in h!lS post d ". 110 ice to vhO effect that no li hts 1ill bo ullo·.; d ~ y.:ihore on bo rd Su.nd..~y ni t, as 1e ··ill thon be close to tho 7ronc con t and he is r~rious to take eve1~ proc~ution wain~t ~ny sub-, rines that hap en to be lur1till0 about ,- ho.mvar unlikely s it r!lll; b • mornin~ the lifeboats .;oro all cle red go . th t they could b dropp <1 into t. e . t ;N moment's not leo. I tho evoninr. n wir less e··sugo ca. no \yin,;, that a tor-

ado destro.ver v:ould moot' us at e1E>ht p. ~ver.fbody ··~-as on deck to soe. i s arrival. ..bout seven a. blotch of s o -e :p )eared on tho horizon and 7i thin ~if-teen minuteo tho destro~ er 1 s a.lonvsi e of u.s, i ..... ·na.lline .vi th h r searchli ht

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thou ,h it ;r;as not qui ta dark. Our couroe mn two hundred miles ftlrther oouth than usual aa ~7e follm·;ed ulonFJ tho S anieh coast and thonce north to Bordeaux. The ship is in dar~:noss to-night except for the staterooms where the portholes are obscured by metal covors.

~~rin~ the trip 'io saw several birds, such as terns and )other Cnroy's chic~:ens; and one day n. yollow-pa.lm \Varblor lit on dock and stn.yed with us near-ly two d ,.ys. To-day I saw gannets, swallm.'m and .., chicken plover or lap·;-;ing, I couldn't toll uhich. It flow all a.bou~ tho boat but didn't oeom to li£,ht anywhere.

The c_ptain did aver prett- trick i~ . ic. ing up the pilot ship in tho dark and mist and oettin0 him on board,- set rcoly oven stopr) ing his ship. It was amusino; pickino- our w .. y about t o doclr.: in tho pitch darkness bu.'Tloing in-

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to opl every no 1 and thon trying to find their way too. Some pn.soengors are protty nervous and refuse to go to bod until \IO are anchored inside the mouth of the river and out of dD.n~er of the submarines. One wo:nan miotook a whale thio afternoon for a submarine and boin~ o a nei"'rous disposition ;uc very much ex-cited. To-da.~r has been a oreat ch:::tnce to btudy hu'nUn nature but the onl;1 de-duction that I ,.t~a.s a.b~e to make '7as that tho fn.t people soem to be doing all tho worrying,- contrary to tho proscribed idoc; of the thin . an bein:- tho nervous one. Later in tho avenine; \'10 ;ere met by another destroyer and a cruiser too so •;e wore ~;ell escorted.

1rhe next morning iO v10ro at Bordonux where I lr:')d tho plesauro of losing my ban- which I never recovered. I ~pont all day tryino; to find it and so did not leave for ~uris until tho night train. fhe nu~ber of soldiers ir tho stroots (probably those off duty or ·not needed at tho front) and the nwnber of people in mournin,.,.. wore tho t ~·o things that 1 nediately attracted our attention. Tho only Boston man, or in f~ct tho ·o l.r man whom I kne·v ;as in Bordeaux, who is there on business, (except or course the passen~ers rom the ship) I met on the street in the afternoon, which ooc~ed curious.

: a·J 18 - 23.

On arrivino- in Paris thin morning every thin loo:r:od £~nd seemed so quiet at first :>lance that you v.·ould nover suspect tho Germans are comparati vel•r :1ear. Thooo firot fow da;;s hero hn.vo boon I thine tho most interestinr; in my lif • t t first sight it soornod as thougn cvarJthin~ '\as quiet o.nd caln and with no exci to­mont but after a f0\1 days you begin to realize tha.t there io a ntrong untlercurrent of tenoenesa but a.ll outward expre(:'lf' ions of it hnve >Gen subdued. People have boon through so much and suffered so frightfully that they hnve beco. e used to it and don't show their inner foolines, thou[;h they .. _ro there juou tho ss.me. heir express ion" a."ld faces re oct _nd seriouo u1 d there is no smilin or lau:;.,hing a.~-

mon,> the cro vds you , ect in the otrocto. That is ono of the .• ost noticeable thin~o of all. Than the amount or mournin too is evident over~1hore and is ve17 doprec- sin~, and onl"' goes to (':!how ho-.., torriblo this var has been and how ~any

pooplo 1 t has directl~r affected. It is impo·~nlbl to btand on a street corner in the cit: and in lool<Ci 1£; about amon~; the r)eoolo nearby not to see nany in blacJ.o::.

ido·\ s woeds are seen nt every turn and in countless nu:1bers. But moot pathetic of [.11 is to see no·~·: and thotllittlo childre"', ·rls and bo-s of five and six, in ·nournin ,, perhapo accompanied b their mothe h r long, c p veil. he city io full of soldiers and officers. The ormor are mon who have boen either ali htly wouncled and now convalescinn- or non ot~ .. tioned in nearb barrack read:y-to o out at a moment's notice. ver.J fe~.r days men are sent to fill u tho ,a 1s at tho front so that there ·vi 11 o.l·.vays be tho sa.mo number. ~ t eve~J sta-tion men u.re waiting to take tra:t s for the front to report for duty to take the placo of their fall en co rade~. he~i may .)o alone or may be oaen off by (]. friond o a wif nnd the n.rtin ,s aro o.h;a s terrible si hts.

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As wonderful and heroic as tho soldiers are, the ·.vomen aro in ono sense the heroos of tho war. hoy are all nolf sacrificine nd it is 1onderful to soe such exhibitions of it. Tho terrible and ~leo.rtrcndinfl" p rt of it all i the number of wounded, for you sao them vor- <'here. Some have boen fri htful-ly disfi 0 urod, so badly in fact that they aro repulsive to look at: others hav~ lost an ar::1 or a le ,, v;hilo other more fortunate ones have only minor 'IOunds. One poor soldier I met ycoterday had both arms bandaged, ono of which wa.s in a sling, while his head was so dono up that you could see nothing but his eyes, nose -. ncl mouth. Still no ono com_lains. he most encouraging eature of all is tho conpleto con idence that everyone hn.s that they vill be victorious in the end and will restore lsace and orrain to -fiE Franc • ....he st·1tuo represont-ing the city of strnsbourg by Pradier, just outsiue the hotel in the Place d lo. Concor , which has always been dra ed in mourning, no 1 is clothed in ureaths for v;hon tho wnr be~o.n the crape was all removed,- an interoatinc; incident of the French peoples' foolin~s.

At ~euilly at tho erican Ambulance Hospital some terrible wounds and face diofi remcnts are sean, yet there is no co pla.inlng and the men are all cheerful. During tho last month severt: 1 squad("l or ~:a:tctions, as tho:r are called, composed of about twenty ambulances ~.nd two additional cars,- one a supply car and the other tho staff car, lmve been sent to different places alon, the front and in several instances they have had exci tin ·vork. 1 t Dunkirk a. shall ex-plod d so close that it tore a number of holes in an a. bulance. ortunatoly no one ,:as in the car at tho timo and so no one was hurt. inother section at Pont-au-:iousson is less than a mile from tho German trenches and in a little to~m over which the shells are ihictli~ all day long.

Since being here I have met an "'nglish officer.who is in the oyal ..Javal Air Service, having como to naris in a car to get a nm7 aeroplane. Owin) to tho cloud~r "~J:oather, he was in aris all 1eek, wo.i tine; for the ''outner to clear in order to fly buck to Dunkirk in his new bi-plane. His \lOrk consist ... of 1;-ing over tho German lines on reconnaisGa.nco worlc to locate their posi tiona and oo direct the artillor.r of tho British batteries below, with ·1hom he sif11lc'lls by ~~irolesa. Ie has had sona exciting times and has mado fliGhts ovor the Ger-man submarine bases dropping bonbs on thorn, inflicting mora or less dam~roo to the works. However , aeroplanes aro not nearly as successful at bor:1b droppin:"), as at the more important work of reconnaissance and scoutinn;. Ire io about ao cool a man as I over saw and when I askedo.hi'2 if it VJaon't a relief to bo in aris for a few days and away from tho a~ab, he said, "Yos it got to be an

awful bore dod~ing ohells all day long". Twice a has had bir; Gorman sholls explode within o. few yards of him, wrecking buildinoos all about, yet he was never touched. It was of course just luc that no piece hk~p ened to como hie way. ~is pictures were remarkably interesting, ~s he h s a Graflex ca~era at tho front

and dovolopes his photos in tho tronches t~ith the shells whizzing overhead! ~ en we were having tea the other afternoon at the Ritz, h brought up Lieut.

Sippa , another Royal Naval aviator. e has reco~tly been decorated for a flight ho made with throe otherg to Lako Constanco to drop bombs on the Ger.man Zeppelin ohods, vvhoro they man' ged to do a lot of darnago. It ~as a. remarltable flight, as thoy had to co a hundred and t,,onty miles into German t rri tory, over unknov~n country, . l<in~ a round trip of some thr o hundred miles. They wore surprised to find a ve~r largo lako, as they only xpected it was a small one. J;·one of the nan wore brouoht do m by tho German · 1ns and they all roturned safe-ly. e received he n. s. o. from ool•.tnd and as decorated d th the "Le0 ion d'HonneurH from France, ho hi~hest possible honor&. It 1as int r sting to me t Sippo , aft r having road at home last ~1inter of his flight and e en draringa of it in oev ral illustrated papers .

It sounds a.s thour,h I hadn't done any .rork yet , which is tru , as all I hav bo n ubl to do so far is to t a fe " nee s a papers and ord r my uni-form. It has no\1 arrlv d and this afternoon I mov out to N uilly for ood

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and ·vor~~ be[;h .. s . A li tle ti o off n0\7 and. th n to co7..o L to Po.ric, when 1 t in quiet, will bo a ll I • h· ll b 'lb 1 G to ) t. (-, I · r1 ·::ri ti!lc; n ow, I h Gar the bu --~ z

of a bl-pl r n overh ~ f a r up over thG llot~l. very d.:".. they c ..-. be c---on coi1t L u a ll,:;r .1 'I .i ng over a t t :. ck any Gcr:n~r. · · t~ ul-:lo' t .-. t . y p '; in · !: apponranco. tho l· ~tter fle·~·; over nrin tlUd

d~"'o ·)c a lot of bo .. ~', ut J c ~·turn.~ 1 ~· t~ .,.T <lid no hc.r·. Ono f 11 on a plot of gr ss in 0110 of -p; r':.J \"h 1 o nunc rod.s of 11 ttl o childr 1 . pln:.;in~ ·.7. th ·the ir raothern . Jv.c : ·1 ,· , tho grou. 1d ·.r ... a soft r....1 d it did.."l • t xploda. Ls 01 o .. 1 .neh news .. :... )Or s:J.lc~, •• It was 01 1";7 he vin.tor' o 1H.:td luck n.nd du to the 1:lndnes of Provid nee t 1nt tho bomb dron •or \tau not ro~.·m.r od ·.1i:' .. h the Iron Crose for diti-tinction as a baby 1-:ill r '. It io fri e;htfttl to think of 1 t.

One of th commonest o a_l tho pathetic i hts ar th mili tarJ funert"-~.lo

which you meet almost daily,- tho hoo.rao surrounded by n sm-:111 military oocort t?.nd fo ... l07led by a cro rd of r;.10urners on foot. no rmttor ,.-,rhorc you lool: or -;;hich way you turn, the \"rar in all its roali ty is present L one form or :-:J.nothor. Vled.nos-d.ay afternoon we wont to c. revier; of oeverol tho,ls .. ::1d ooldiors on the splanado dos Invalidos and it \Vas ono of t o . ost i1 )r soivo sir,hts I h~ d :r t seen. "toot of the men were nothing but boys, for they are of tho cla.ss of 1916, no aro only nineteen yoars o .d. It .h;.l.d u _ rnonal feolin0 for ~---1 our party bocauso thoy all knew some of tho men as thoy marcl a.s t. One younr; .;irl nad hor only brothor L1 the cavalry and she \ms as "1rourl as 3ha could bo of him , as hio troop wont bt.t• These boys have been called and aro hold in rererv ready to ~o a.ny timo to the front. ?he crowd was probably ma<o up e..lmoot entirely of moth rs and fathers, brothers and si stars, who en.: o to see thol ":- rons and brothers roviev:od. r.:vary-wloro about us stood wounded aoldiors some vithout an am or a log, others sith heno s and arrns som time i 1 all threo in bandacros. It seemed uo thou:):l overJ other man h:'ld bean dGcoratod fo besides 0ho rc3imental and territorial u.ecorf.ltions won in coloni2l ·\l·ars, there stood out conspicuously the " !odaillo Mili tn.ire" <L~d

tho ""' egion d ' 1 onnaur '. en t 1e troopn were all lined up they plc...yed n VlOnd r-ful mo.rch the 1 u1\lsaco et Lorra.in" v.nd finally the "Harseillnise". The ·::hole ffect ;as terrific and one was c.,rriod 'limy with enthusin.sm and feeling . or the

wo:ndorful brave~J o:rJ1lbi t d by ov ryone 011 .... 11 sides. Thon a SMUll bod;r of a do zan soldiers march d out before the lines, somo of them badly 'r.?OU •• ood •).nd crip­pled for lifo , - on poor zoun.vo on cratches, for he had 0-1~- one locr loft, and thare were decorated by t! r, General ·with the "t.~edaillo .Jili tnire" for conspicuous bravery. In spi to of all the on ·~vhoso doe,dC" receive recognition, th re are countless others whose acto or bravery :;et b~l unnoticed a."'ld w"'lre·r.rar ad. Then ~ s a "finn.len the t1on m:1rchod past un ,,d t l bands playi!lg ~.nd col ors f'l.;i 1(;, while the crowd cheered .?nd clapnod. onthusi3.stically. I don ' t know of any r.1orc thrilling sight thc'ln to see saver~.l thouonncl men m, rchin.g ncr so a m.~gnificent squnrc with th~ir bayo~ots gliste11inr: in tho su.nli~_;ht, while tho b..- nd is pla, ·ing u ·.;onderful march. Those cert: i:nl.l arc sti ring times to ace 0 arir. and it · .-n..kes ~ tremen-dous impression on ono \iho lli1s only jlst arrived. 't nicht th, city seoms vo~? quiet and the streets nl~ost deoerted and very ch~rk too , as thoro is only one little li";.1t , on each block a.ncl the bloc·-:o, re ofton lone:; hero') esnecinl1y on the Chnmpr Elysces.

The stories and t t lGs that you hec.r 11 ot~o ,.:_-;_~- c. :;::... :: .O'.l::;'h to fill a. book and they arc so terrible that I c'ln. ' t aee how thoro is a Pro-Gorman loft in tho wo~ld, outside tho Bee ches themoalveo. In fact I have roached the st3te nor that I v:ould be ash: .... .::.ed to over ac, _nowlod~e ona an a friend. Ono Jrl told do while ,,;or,-:.ing in hon 1,>i tal oa,.. y in the war, sho became interested in a B 1-gir-tn YlOman, who -;vn.,, just be

0inning to lose her mind fro.n a tra ,ocly that hn.d be-

fallen her. She told her how when the Germo11s o(; mo into hor tovln, thn.t the.,r seized hor baby, only a few montho olcl., nnrl tonsiL_, 1 t up into the air trans-fixed it upon a b, .. jonet. _ind ~ret this is only one of countless stories th:J.t I have heard fron people -:-;ho have .:orko in tho hospi talC'! and amen~ tho refugees, and hoard them directly from the ;omen themselves. he other da~ uo .vent into

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tho tit alais to ooe t1o tap stri s rescued from Rh ims Cathedral, bafora it .;as bomb· rd d and in the doo:r;lay was a Fr nch officer whom one of our part·r r co, iz d as a man sh had nurs d in a hoopi tal. She stopped. to np ak to him and h was on of th 10st 1~· taful lookin~ mon I vor havo s en. Sh said that he had otoopod to assist a \~ound d Ger:nan officer on tho ba.ttl field and in doh · so turn­ed his back. The Gorman turned also and. shot at hi::1 lith his r volver but fortu­n:.. tely, tho bullet oul r ·~; nt throu_,h his 1 ,, and now he hns n arly recovered. At that he tuned on the Germ ..... n and buriod his bayo ·- 1 to him again and again a dozen times, with th fury of a m~d ~~n. That's Gorman gratitud and .. Th Cult n that thy boast of. Th alli s no lone; r r cor;nizo tho whit flue; of true , as th ~' havo b o botray d so ofton and shot down i cold blood. A fri nd of mine, an Fn)lish officer, had a number of int r sti stories. On wa of how the ~ .. lish w re d c iv d by a lot of red oross ambulances, which th y r opected and did ·not firo on. Sudder-ly as they ·ot n arer, th sid n fell do~n and the guns of a battery concealed ~ithin, swept th Engli~h troops 7it1 accurate range . In a fow minuteo very German wns dead, kill d in u bayonet char rh y h.a.te tho cold at ol and nre cowards, while tho Franch and Englioh crave to go at them with bayonota.

To sho ~ h0\1 th Germans are driven by thoir officers, one man \'Ja.s found doad ch..~ined to his gun, flftor the cha.r~a 'las over. One day several Brl tishore chased some Uhlnns and rounded tho~ up , - killincr or capturin thorn. Th pris-oners :ore oent bac.~ under escort whilo they rode on in to the next tO\-al on tho horses, \lhich tho;r left outsid.o an inn in charge of u ~n. There was also an annorod motor car ·\d th its "mi trailleuse,' stationed outside , cor.1:n~ndin[; the hir;h--..vay. Suddenly a window oponod and trm Gorman officors open d fire and killed the ma.n ',~;i th the horoos. The m n in the car , quick as a flash, sVlUllg the mit-railleune on ~.~o tne Germano in the \vindow and in a fG71 seconds had cut a bi-; hole oomnletely out of th house. Tho men td thin, they said, w ro literally chewed to bits by the ,un. Those a tori a as well as B lgian. atroc i tics , I hoar on every oido and at first h~nd. How anyone nt home can still refuse to bel i eve tho Go~Jan ~trocitios is a mystery to me. Another story also told me by n woman who heard it diroctly from a voman in whom she has b en interested. The 1 .tt r ' s husb~ ... nd who was in a G rma.n prison wrote hiu vife, toll i n!"' her of the horrors he had been through ther • JJ.t the end he said he would rathor be doad than alive in that ~rison. In red ink the Gorman officer added,- 'Your husband's rcqu st has been grP.nted, he was shot to-dayn . These are only a fow example~, which will givo a ?;Ood idea of this war and. y;hat it moans, for it has certainly

ot to the sta~~e whore it is a fi ;ht of ci vilizn.tion against barbarism. From reports hore, we 1oar th..'lt tho G rman-l'ustrian Army in the east ,

against the Run~ians, has lost in the last month during tho bi~;est battle of all and which is still goinp; on nm1, about 400 , 000 man. It sooms incredible . One thin;> I ,,as intorostod in hearin~ .about, was the number of spies discovered in the French Army nt the start of the war. It ~uy have been kno~m at home lt::.ot sum'ner, but I doubt t, ao nothing; mJ.s allowed to be published about it . It is that a Colonel, on Genoral Joeffre's staff wan found to be a spy and a trai-tor and v-vas executed. unday ·:1fternoon I ·.vent vi th a small party to the Oparu Comioue. Between the acts th orch stra play d Italy's nation·1l son~ ~hile

avar.rone stood up, wild v;i th en thus ins.. It was of course owing to h r deci. .. -ion to enver tho var . / s it happened, it ~.; s played at tho 0 era Comif!Ue at two o ' cloc1{, just the time the :in~ si ; cd tho o.L ficial declaration. At the end, illo. Chonal who h· s ;;. beautiful voice, in an appropriate scene in .,he tren-ches, sang the . .ffwroeilla.ise surrounded b;,r soldiers. It was terrific, and in the audience ·:;oro any \i'Omen in black, ·vho had lost their sono and husbands, so th;:t it was ono of the mont imnresnive occasions and stfrriniT moment<"! I hn.vo ever witneosed.

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r.IAY 24 - y 31.

mhio is th first chanc (Sunday, the 30Gh) I hav had y t to write th happenings of the week, as it has been quit a busy one. I came out ronday, tho 24th ·nd moved in for cod. a aro quartered in a largo dormitory, holdin, about thirty rnen, and are ouito comfortablo, yot aver,.thinr; of course is primitive nnd simple. The wholo staff, doctors, nurses, auxiliari s, orderlies, ambulance drivers etc. all eat in t,·,o lnrco rooms. BroD.lt:fast from seven to oir~ht-thirtv, lunch t1elvc to ono-t1irty and supper sL: to ooven-thirt.. In the afternoon, I ~ant out in a Da.i1neler car or half un hour. hor are fiv or those cD-rs, and _each carries four stretchers. Having ,...ilon,_ ·.,light ene;ines, it seemed fami-liar to e, though thoy are about fivo to six ye!lrs old, and as the speeds are located tho reverse to my Stoarns and other things corrospondin>ly different, it was at first confuoing. I \vtls told to be ready to run the car to La Chapelle (tho freight station of the Gard du Nord) that ovenin, wher we go ,to meet the trains of viounded. So without. any xporionco, knO'llodgo of the or instruc-tions, I \vas supposed to be r ady to do the regular .~tork at the start. As it hap enod, there was no call that nieht and ~e turned in about ten-thirty. Usually by half past ei~ht wo are notified and it .noa.ns leaving about half past nine or half past ten for the station. Someti~es the call comes to go im~odiate-ly and everyone rushes do~m, cranks up his car, and tears do\m to La Chapelle. The days are occupied in taking care of the car, for each driver, to whom is nssi~­ed an ordorly, does ull tho York of clonnin~, polishing and keeping the on~ine in · good runnin~ order. Not having had any practical exporienco at home, it in amus-ing and at the same time intorostin,.

The first night I ·7ent to La Chapello, was one that I shall never foreot, for it made a denp impression on me. It was uesday avenine. The call ca~o about half past eight and vo ~7ero told to be there at half pa.st nine. Jack olcher ( arvard 191'7), rho has boen as~i ,1ed to me as orderly on my car, 1rne·; tho

way pretty well, but as there are very few lights in Paris at night, it is confus­in,, oint; along atr ets even if they o.re fairly familiar, · s they look so much aliKe. Ho.vever, wo buzzed alon,) at a goo-d rate and were tho first of our car~ to arrive, and without once missinr; the turn. rhe dist~..nce is about ten kilo~ meters. Of course i'euill.:r is outside the g.c tes of Pa.rio, and at night tho ... .,. arc closed, oo sometimes wo rc delayed a minute or two, but ordinarily, an a~bulanco is ad~itted v,ithout dolaJ. Our routo lay alone some of tho 1~~in boulevards, past the famous '' '1oulin Rou ,o•t, now closed, p at tho Gard du rord, up the rue de la Cha.pelle to rLa Chapello". t tho entr· nee to the yard, at the >a.te, t •o men wero on ard and ::.nether with rifle etc. at tho door of the rei ;ht houco, for ;--;e have to go up ~n incline into . the buildinc; itself. tore :10 p· rk tho cars. Al-ready there were a do~en other a~bllancos from other hospitals in position, Tilth their stretchers and blankets piled up road:l for t... t o.in to arrivo. Beyond the cars, are half a dozen buildin~s, all of course inside the frei ,ht shed, each vith ito trimmings a.inted a difr rent color, and r semblinp; large sized Hod!!;GOll portable houses. F.ach buildinE holds about thirty r·bleso;.>~s" on stretchers. Then there is tho office building and an operating room, w11eru or.1or:-;ency cases are attended to,- usually an amputation, if an~thin~ , t all. Th staff consists of ambulance drivers and orderlies, doctors, nurses, stretcher benrers etc •

. ftor waiting an hour, the train rollod in. It was composed of about fifteen cars,- second und third class sleepinG cars. :ach i'indow had a face of some poor, ·•;ounded soldier glued to it,- pitiful sights somo of th J 'lOre. r he in-mates are composed of tho "blesses" ~ n<l nmala.das" (man i'lhose nerves have _,one to pieces from the st'r'ain or \ ho aro siCl{ with fever or some other !;rouble), and. the sight of that train as it rolled. in \lith itt> load of suff ring m n, some ·or ~hom ~ore on tho way to Paris, only to die in th hospital, while others ·.rould recover only to roturn to tho front, v~a hastly to say tho leaot. mhon tho stretcher

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baararo, 'br cardierstt, ' nt into tho caro, and as thoro vas not nou-;h of them, ·e vent in too and hol_ od to brine; out th :;oundod. Tho condi tlono inoide , and

tho sm 11 ,., r beyonn description, et these poor men were so ~lad to s o us and reach aris, that it ado tho worlt a real pleasure. 4ver.rthine you did for them they fully appreciated, and wore extremol:t~ ~rateful for our careful ·Jay o'f ha..'rl.dl-ing them. ~e took t om out and ut thorn into the little houses. omo had th ir faces still covered with blood, oo much so that their features v;ere almost indiotin~uishablo , others w re minus ale) or an urn1, yet they iero cheerful nnd smiled and ,-;avod to us fro the trctchors , ns tho.l ::ero carried pn.st. Ono man called mo ovor and asked if I \vas English (for our uniforms are almost identical wl th those of tho British n..rm:l} , n.n<l hen I sai d, "no but an · . erican", ha 'Inn ted to lrno 1 ho v lon wo h d been mobilized! mhen I explained to him our reason for b in~ th r •

~hila th "blesobs" are carri ( into tho houses , tho ttmalad s'' wal k out themselves, though somo havo to be carried, and sit upon benches. 1 s they ca~e out ono by one, \lith a be\"lildored loor, or ore oft;er. a blan "-:pross i onloos :'nco, shmdn ho J their nerves an nin s havo boon temnora.rily affected b T • ihn.t thoy had b en through, the contrast -d th the cheerfulness of the ''bles~os'' \'!'ls ~ro·~t • .... he sight of tho "mn.lades" T.m.o ~:hn.t struc:- .. 1e as tho most ni ti ul of all . bacaus tho· did not look human. 'r.he "blesses", in s i tc of tholr a.r:;on. antl sufferin , se 1ed to be h.'lp ., at the thou(l"ht of being in nrio, and so close to a base hoo i­tal, d th all its comforts. .low and then, an officer would be brou ~ht out, and voryone vould salute him ao ho was co.rricd puot, follow d by severPl men ca.rr:J-

i ng his equinment and G\.:Ord,- un irrmressive si(J"ht. . s tho r.1en aro plL.ced in tho houses nnd oxa~inod by tho doctoro to oeo if there ~re any emer~ency cases , ~he

nursoa go among them , giving thorn ooup and broad and a stamped postal curd to write to their family. Lots of the ~en nre too badly wounded, or porhcps havo no rieht ar::1 loft, and the nurse writ s a fo v 1 inos for them. .er.1nwhilo, tho office is bu•'y assimint?" tho men to the various ambuluncos, all of which h.:'1VO

hcnded in cards, giving tho name or the dri vor, nur .. ber o+' C9..r, and nmnber of places for the "bless~s". Tho Dn.imeler cnrs hold four on stretchers or four ai tting, the Fords hold three vlhile the two bi , cars hold ten to sixteon. Then ,·e take our papers, locate our men and carry the~ into the car. Someti·nes m brh & the! to this hospital, but more often to some other one in a far off corner of th city; and findlnt:, an unknovm hospital, in oorne out of tho \'lay street, in a tr nge ci l; .. and in the dar~ , vhon ~ ou can't see tho street si _, s, is of ton con-fusln~ work . 't'ho hosni tal, to •,hich our ttbleas~s" wore consi. ed, happened to be ~. n easy one t o find, as it •;as ncar tho Gard dol 'Est . .e had only two sittin) men called "nHs. s" ,- thos on str tch re b ing lrnown as ttcoUches" . On roturninr..J we CPO by a diff'er nt wo.y in order to keep to tha beot und S!!looth st boulevards, and run as carefully n.s possible, so as to .a~ce it comforl:ia.bl for th iOund d . It seoms queer to b r turnln up th "Champs T~lyseas" wi th an ambulance , on ni hts O?:hen 'I bring them to his hospital . Soma nights 1 t i s one o' clock or lo.t r b -fore w start home. Tho other evanin_.., we had to eo to a h osl)i tal, ncar th Lux­embour , , and 1 t wao a b autiful nie;ht . _· s 10 passed • otr DaT:m, th moon, 1hich was full , hung in tha sky , abov the towers, and \"as s.n i npr ossi ve sight. Th n xt day to my surprise I mot the ""nglish aviator to ·.hom .1. have lr ady rof rred, vho had loft t·vo days previouol; in his ii u ort bi - plane for Dunkirk . In flyi n<::; over tho lines, on hi( ·:r.:J.y ho1:1o, tho German r;uns opened fire on him and ruined his ne·.v machine, ric1dling it with bul ets and injurin~ the en,;ine oo tha.t ho was brour;ht do vn, but fortunn.t ly m'lnared to 1<; nd vi thin tho French lin s. It 1as a .;onder he \vasn•t kill d . How ver, another n· rrov; escape didn ' t seem to worrJ him .uch. He 'Ja.s only 1n Paris a fo\1 hours to e ·t ooma ne ., parts and ther! w·1a to return immediately. Only yesterday, a letter came froT. him, saying th t aftor ras1uning his rlieht, the en("ine ran so ba.clly tru_t he was forced to descend at Ami ens. This time instoc.d of roturnin to ;:,f ris, as h s ould h..-=tve preferred, his Cor:1 nd-in Of_ icer ordered him to r port nt nkir i ::nediatel~l, as ho ,,,ls _oedod there.

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Since then, nothine more has beon hoard of him. At pr aont thin~s . ro quiet hero t)s thoro has been no bic fir.;hting ?,O inr;

on, y t thoro has boon plentv to do. :o hD.vo two hours drill,- r.l..:'lrchinr; and in-s true t ionr.o, vi th handline; bless s and stretchers, first aid and methods of pic ring up tha 10unded correctly accordine; to hOi'i they r re wounded; and physical exercise coming evory morning aftor breattfast. That ;-;i th necessary .;ork on the car, brings us up to lunch tLn • ifter that sovorul hours is usually spont on the car. At present, this is necessary, as my Daimoler looks as if it had not been cleaned or touch d for months and so I a~ spending all tho spare time in ov rTh~uling it thoroughly, and oing over the enr;ine. Although it runs finely no , and fortu­nately I \7as ussir,ned to ono of ho best of tho four Dainelers, in another day or t o it ought to be in such shape, as to keop it in eood runnin , order, \lith com-I)aratively littlo caro, for some timo to coma. As soon as the fightinr;: gets really active , it \lill moan .,oin., forty-eight hours at a ntrotch, .vithout rest, so it is just ~.s well to be y>ropared for that. Before I a.rri ved, th men wore going do.y and nie;ht for lone stretches and :oro pretty 11 pla~-od outo ndou')tccll sv.c 1

conditions -vill return at~ain nhortly. Every af ernoon tea is served betw e three and five, · nd different '_mericans in aria have their regular d<! .. y \,hich they ,ive to it. he nurses, orderlies, drivers and nny of the hosnital staff eo do~n, ·nd it is a ve~J pleanant occasion. Tho slack time of day is from lute afternoon un­til nine o'clock in the evening; yet thoro is apt to be odd jobs of various kinds to do then, such as working over some no-v car, or changing over some old ono. The calls usually don't come until about half past nino, so it is usually pos~.ible to. take a couple of hours off and dine out, and it helps a lot to get a chanlje of food. ~o far 1e have b en to several different hosoitals,., in f~ct we haven't baen to tho same ono tYrice y t. Certainly it is a groat way to lo~rn ;rour waJ about a ris, for by dn; 1 ight it comeo very easily, after fin<lin , your .:uy around durinw the night. Last ni ;ht thero was one poor mnn taken off the train, tied securely to his stretcher, for he had gone violently insane, ~nd his crios nnd yells, as he lay in ono of tho little houses at the st'ition, wore terrible to hear.

Oppooi te our do:rrn.i torJ arc ooveral little rooms, still unfinished., and here the rnon are re!!lOV d fron tho \rards a fe\l hours before the;{ reach their ond., as tho moral effect of dyinc runo 1g tho wounded 1on in tho \Yards, is verJ bud. Saturd~y , a poor lad of only nineteen was moved up, as he could not livo very lone. Ho was unconsciouo and all d ..... y his motner sn.t beside him, waiting for tho ond. \ -•ore out c.ll ni~ht at tho station and it \rrc.ls t 10 o'clock in tho morn in~ whon \7e

returned o th dorm! tory. t s wo came p the o t[~.irs, we hoard the poor boy moan-in~ and crffil10 in his u1consciouo stat • A lieht burned in th room and tho door ':las open, but a scree placed 1noid gave ho nacesoary pri vncy to tho seen , so sacr d and y t so t rribl • It y;as hourtbr "'-:inp~ to lioton to the cries of this dying lad t1ingl d with tho sobs of his mother, y t al thour-,h ::1 ., bed was only a few f et away in the next room, I was so doad tired, that in spit of this terrible tragody takin place, I was sound aelcop in a fo·l minut s. Th n xt mornin~ there ~~as no lon~er any sound; from the room und we heard the boy hnd died shortly after we had one to bed. Three men died that day. couch re th sceneo an(l happen­ings a. bout us and it makes tho work n rve rac~ring, to s2..y the least.

In tho morning, during our drill in the conrt:_,.~rQ. which takes place dur­in~ the time r;,.rh n the men's wounds ro be in dressed in the wa.rd.s, tho cries and shrieks of pain , that fill tho air at intervals arc torribl to hear. Buti thn.t 1 s the only t i!!le \';hen ve hear thorn. A 11 the men <.-re p~- t i en t " nd cheerful. Mhis norning I passed man in the corridor, wheelinG himself along in a chair. He had· only·' one lee,- a cripnle for life, : ot he was 7histling a tune and .vas in tho beat of sniri ts. Aftor the \lar is over, and tho heroes t-.rc partially for­gotten, these. poor mon , crippled and ained for lit o, and the blind, \lOrst of all, will be ,. sad and t rri ble reminder of \1hn.t enonnous sacrifices had to be mado for tho sake of preserving civilization and humanity.

~his afternoon tho boy Nas buried ~d as w v re verkin, on our cars th

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funeral pass d by. The henrs 1as surround d by a squc.d of soldiers und behind

wart d th mournors. A~ the cort~f._,e came by us every man stood at att ntion and

saluted. Th n as the procession disap o, red do\m the shaded str et, the church

bells around the corner b ~dn to rinB, tellin0 of tho passing of another h ro.

'v ry sin5 le day and sometim s t·;vice a day, we hear th same church bells toll,

so that it a ems a part of the &~y's routine. Still in spite of the horrors of it all, th ra are moments of r laxa-

tion, and these are welcomed. lext to the hospital is a little tob[cco store

and 1Vine shop, and one of th men 'as far-sighted enough to bring a cocktail

shaker. 1 arly every vening, boforo su p r, we stroll ovor and shako up a

cocktail and sit in a little earden, as ve drirur it. Often an aaroplnne fli a

over hoad, buzzing loudly, and it sooms strange to be sittin~ do·Y.n peacefully

drinking, with a bi-plane above us in th air, yet they are so com~on, that hard-

ly anyone bothors to look up. Tho other evening I was returninG about half past

seven, not havine bean able to stay out to supper and boing so late that it ~as

over at the hospital, I had to go without . On the w~y, I met the ambulanc s

off for La Chnpelle,- on an early call, so I ran back and started off in the car .

That night was a long one and it was lo aftor tro b fore we returnod for good.

~ 'e thought the car would be need d for a s cond trip and so return d a 0 ain to the

station, to discover that the bl sses had all been taken car of. Th ra \70.S a

Garman amon:-; the v1ounded and veryone crowded around tho stretch r to .. ,at a view

of him. owovor, h didn't like the scru.tin and cov rod his face uith his arms.

Althou~h ho vas shot to pieces ,- wounded in three or four places, they placed a

) ard of t 70 men in th ambulance with hiM and took him in ono of our cars to a

militar,y hosplt 1. At pres nt, there are about one hundred and fifty cars hero and in the

squads at the front,- nearly all Porda, and th ro ar a )reat many more of the

latter und xway. Just as ooon as the .. can get a squad of twent;r cars and r.1on

toJether, thay send them off to the front, so that all tha 0 00d man that can come

n.nd are willing to do tho v;ork are needed. Tho t\,'0 most in teras tin~ localities

are at Dunkirl{ and Pont-au- rousson. The fonner place is boin~ shelled continual-

ly by the G r:na.na and a groat numbor of .non have been kill d. Th ambulances have

had n. great r:tany narro 1 escapes an<l the men have had shells burst all about them,

and their cars hav been hit, yot no one has yot been killed. · t Pont-au- ~iousson

thore is mora of interest still, for tho mon and cars are stationed in ho to~n

within a ~ilo of the German trenches, and the town is being continually nhollod.

Every day a n .unb r of men are killed and ·r;oundod, an<l sometimes women n.nd children.

he ambulance man are quartered in houses all about the tom1,- and in some cases

arc ver,- comfortably situated. Bt night they run out behind tho battlefield and

th famous Bois la ";>rete with their cars, to ~at th v:ounded a.nd bring them into

th hospi tala. During- th dt y, th y romovo the \"!Ounded from tho fiolu hospi t<j,l

in tho to\m, to ono further away out of ~n er. The Germans are dosistin, from

really d stroyinj th to vn, as they have hopes of r taking it. Hmmvor, they say

that noxt waGk a big Fronch 52 c ntimeter (nearly 20 inch) "\dll bo op nin fir

on the fortn at ~Ietz fiftoon miles away. 'hat .. n.y be a si ) al for tho G rmans,

out of revenga, to be in tho destruction of ont-nu- ous .. ,on and in · short time,

th tor-m will be not in"' but a rna s of r1ina. It io thrilli J "·or.{ thor and ia

not ea ~ •tork to ,o out to the battl fiolcl wi h th ca rs a t night, over rough going

and without lighta. If tho bombardm nt bogins, tho men 111 probabl~ b mov to on aid tempor[..rily. Every da.y the men · re und r fire .. nd h~ve had ondl so

narro escapes from sh lla buruting about th m, yet so f r not on hao been in-

jur d. But it is of course only a auestion of ti1 e befor it hapnans. In on

month thi• squad has onrri d over s van thousand wound d, so it is poes ibl to a a

how many are wound d every month a.lono- the ~hole lin • It seems str"'n,.,.e to be oin..., about everywhere in Paris in uniform u.nd

salutinfl" all ranch officers, but after a. \7hile, it bocomos natural. Ever· other

day it is possible to got a re..,., hours of' • L· at t'unda, I v:ent on a party to roar

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"Louis " given at th Opera Comique. It W''S .Tonderrully ~ivan. At the ond Mlle. Chenal, with her b autiful voice again sang the arseillaiso, as she did the previous Sund.B.y surround d b.; soldiers and it ·vas fully as i ressi ve and as thrill-ine as last time. For in an audience composed to a great extent of officers and soldiers t in thoir blue gray field uniforms t any of , .. hom are bl sees from the hos­pitals, scort d by their nurses, to s y nothin~ of tho countl sa wonen in deep mournin , and amid such stirring, intense times as these are, ouch a scene couldn't be otherwise. Before that the orchostra played "La Sa.rnbre et Meuse", \lhich is a b autiful inspiring march. scene of that rind brings the reality of theoo stirring ti~es home to ono in a way, th.:'lt nothing elso can.

JUl ;A 1 - 4.

othing or great interest has happened the last few days. During the full moon of this Y.reok, a Zeppelin raid wo.s expected, but so far nothing has dovolop­ed, ln spite of tho numerous scares and prepar!ltiono. I believe one was sighted at the border, but as driven back by the .... ir cuns and aeroplanes. ~early every ni·ht ve have boon to La Chapollo for wounded, C""o ting back for he one • 'i. supper and ottin~ to bod about two o'clock. It nakes a lon.; day of it to be up at half past seven and not finish until an early hour in tho ornins. There have not been as many Ylounded as last week, thoueh tho numbers of"mo.lades''keops about the same. Wo have taken some back to this hospital, as well as to other hospitals and have not y t been to tho same one tv;ice, except tho ~ erican Ambulance on Tuesday. ·a had one very badly \.'oundorl man, but Y/e ~ot him here comfortably. As yet we have not had the unpleasont experience of a. t•blo·~se" dying in the ambulance on the \~ay up, as other men have had happen. It st be an a'\~"ful ohock in taking out the vmund d, to find a corpse, '"fter having put in a li vc h man being only a fm1 minutes previ-ously.

Last evening another demented bless~ was taken off the train. 1lthough he was not as violent as the one tho othor evening, who had to be tied to his stret-cher with rope, .y-et ho \"IO.s a pitiful ob.ject9 He talked wildly £~.nd ru d a terri bl unnatural look in his yo. The poor follo·.v •Jas badly shot in the head and it v;as a particularly pathetic sight, as he was yo·J.ng, not over twent,1-fi ve, and o. fine lookinc; man. It is terrible to thin~ of his havinc; to spend a whole lifetime in t 1at condi tlon, but perlk1.ps his JOund will ...,rove fatal, \lhich ould be much more merciful. The mon are usually very approci~tive and al;1ayo tharu~ us and shako hands or wave to us, as we say good-bye to them, at thoir r spectiv hospitals. It is such a relief to the~ to feel that good care is actually at hand, after all the a~ony of lyine on the battle ield, then the period of a fe\~ hours at the line hospital, and inally tho a~7ful train ride of hours and houro to 'aris,- that no \vonder they are usually in a ver:_r ha py mood.

This oofternoon !elcher ~nd I ;ore on "evacuation" vork,- that i~ removing some wounded to a convalescent hom • As soon as they · re ready to r;o, they are sent to some institution outside of aris , where they are cared for until they are ·well enough to return to tho trenches, or if permanently injured, until the.v o.re able to return to their ft:mily o. somo relative. ost of our men go to a smn.ll hospital in Aulnny sous Bois, a little to\vn about fifteen miles from here. '~e had directions as to the route and also a . ap, but evon then, outside of ?a.rio, the little, narrow roads are so numerous and so much alike, s to be very confusinr;. Consequently, ~e had to ask several peo le on route, before roaching the hospital. art of the way led us throue;h prott .. ,, little towns nnd fascinatin.) , r(le:r:s ·.·ore

all about uo. The foliage and tho perfume of tho flo··.ern 7as uoli )htful, and so ro roshing after tho unpleasant atmosphere of the hospi t·1l, that "JO hated to have so little of it. !oat confusinr.o of all was in coming hone, as ~e tried a differ-ent .ay and finally had to >ivo it up. One of the car& ~oes out nearly every day and the number v· ries from three to fift en men . It is intoreotinoo '.;ork · d

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instructive "s to finding the wa,; about Paris and itG environs. It has b on possibla to ,ot n. couple of hours off nearly ovory day thi~

wec1c, during tho late nfternoon or earlJ eveninc;;. · ·· dnesday, I <lined out and last evening .. !elch r and I made a call. Ho·-.: over, as our hostess uas ,oing out to a little rml.sicale and w had to return early for the call at _.n Chapelle, it ·m.s a very short visit. _ho musical m.co at _;;.~.dame where I .. ,ent t·1o w eks ago bofore coming out hore and thoy asked us to go ui th thon that night, but un­fortunately, it uus imposQible on account of tho evening• s •• ·ork ah o:"ld. Dining out is a wond rful diversion and it 1~ a roliof to ) t o:va~r from hore for an hour or two, and oapocia.lly to tasta sone delicio:r.s food.

This ovanin~ about supner timo, :o sa\' a wonderful sight. 'a.r in tho dist~nce, cult high in the air, vas a large cigar-shaped, Fr nch dirigibl balloon, simil··r in shape but smaller thc'1.n n Zep lin. As it turned to head our ~ay, th lata aftornoon sun shon full on ito entire lon~th, giving it a woird ap earaneo, as it soo. od to sudd nly loom up in th sl{y. Above 1 t w r two bi- lan s, so far up t~'lt they were almost indistinguishable, against their bacrerouno of floecy clouds. Tho diri ,ible came on vory qui tl· ,- a contrast to tho noisy buzzing of th aero-planes, and noon was directly ov r tho top o our builcling. Slowly, or at least it seemed so, it S\vung about and continued avay from the city, disapuearing into th s ttinp; sun, while th tvo aeroplan s, actin; as escorts, still hov red above it. This afte1~oon D labarre came in ~ith a bi~ 0 ierco rrow from Dunkirk, and b fore that anothor .an c~o from thoro by train. They aro still under heavy shell-fire thoro and continue havin~ narrmv escn.pos from explodinoo shells. r:'hoir cars have been hit sov ral times acuin. ;t ont-au- 1ousson, the sholl-firo is much more severe and tho squad of men there have t~ice boen mentioned in the official des­patches, showinr, that the men and squads at the front, of the American P..mbulanco, :...r doing splontlid wor'l{, under d.an~orous conditions.

JU!ffi. 5 - 7.

Ye had an early call this morning at six o'clock for La Chapelle and a.ftor eotting u bite, started off in the cars. On arriving we found th.:qt tho tr in was already in - this time fro~ Dunkir: with ono htU1dred and soventeon bleos~s, all badly wounded,- som with torriblo hoad wounds. One man we carried in our car had his entire head bound up v.rith only a tiny hole 1 ft for his nostrils. Al-though sufferin) as much as he .r.nls t have, he never once murmured. After a nwnber had been taken off tho train, we wore told that ono man had died on the ,~,n.y. '11 tho "bra.ncardiero" and dr1 vers were drawn up in ranks and stood at attention. T;vo n trees went dovm tho platform to meet the stretcher, with its bur(len, and placed. a few flo•1ero on th poor lad's body. Thon as the stretcher was carried past, every­one saluted. Tho scone was an impressive ono and one that ~ill long b ra~embered. Then tho work was again resumed of bringing the wounded from the cars to their res-pect! ve houses. .a had four to t ke to o. little hospital on "rue Violet", near the ~iffol Tower, which we found very easily. ~1o hospital v~s cared for by nuns, who w ro extremol~r nico women and before we left one of them called us in and 6avo us , drin1':: of delicious wine as refre::;hrnent, which certainly tasted good, after a11 early morning's job.

As soon as we roached euilly there <.;ro_s an ev c at ion job waiting. e had four convalescents to take to tho ~ilitary barracks at th nporte do Clignan­court", where thore wns a goocl deal of formality and :r d t9.pO +.o go through, be­fore th men w re accepted a.s bolne sufficiently convalescent. ft r lunch ~~e had another evacuation trip to Aulnay-sous-Bois, \h rowe went yester~~y. It is an awfully rough trip, as it is over cobble stones all th way, makino; it rather uncomfortable for the .en. One man was still on crutches, wl1ilo the others ~oro still very la~o. Thoy were Algerians and in their native costume wore verJ pic-turesque. One spOi{e :English very mll. not 1or gave his birthda. ao 1884,

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and whon I told him I ro.s tho same age, he beamed all over and held my hand, so th..."lt I thought he •;ould never let o. ~ 11 tho my out, thor were lau. hing and jorin, and ~ere as happy as la~~s. That kind of :ork is pleasant , as you seo the happ~ side of thin~s and ~oin~ throu h tho country, pa.ot littl rdens with th ir flowers and orchards, ~as fascinating. It makes it all the harde!' to :re-turn to the suffering and nTiful oighto here.

c-ome of tho men a.ro terribly disfigured, and thoir faces are frightful-ly repulsive. So e literally have vhole parts of their faces blom a'lay,- sor.1e without noses, others ·without chino. The reconotruction work horo is ~onderful,

such as makin~ an artificial nose and replacin~ a jaw. . here have boon sovoral cases of a ja\! bon being so blovn to piecos, that all tho fragments had to be re-moved. Then a small bone in his leg or a piooe of his rib was cut out and put in place of his jawbone. So far, tho results 11nv boon highly successful. They have an enormous magnet here, •,veighing o.bout t r~el ve hundred pounds , .1hich is so powerful, thnt it draws out broken fragm nts of sholl. It is marvellous how ·.vonderful the results havo boon.

There are sever 1 bruter; shops, dairies, etc. at tho corn r und ie often go dovm thero and buy somo butter and rolls, and eat our broa~fast at a little table on tho sido\~lk, and oftontim s go there after other m als and. bu~ some cakes £md cookies to oat for our d sert. Tho French broad and pastry certain­ly is delicious, s 7ell as the butter and cheese. The former we have here at the hospital only in a vary inferior quality, and so miss it very much. r o-dn.y is Sundn.y and there is very little to do. There was another Zapp lin ocare last ni ht, but nothing ha penod. Tho rumor now is that the Germans are GOine to drop bombs of aaphyiating gas and bottles of cerms and ~icrobes on Paris. They are per ectly capable of doing it, yet it s · a unlikely. In order to be pro­pared, all the policemen have been sun lied with masks and bica.rbon, and lots of

eoplo as well ·ro supplied with the above things in th~ir ho11ses, so as to be ready for the \lorot . It is c. horrid thought, but still ''orth ·,·:hile to a.ntici-pato it.

To-day, the 7th, wo had to l.}o to St. Germain to bring a typhoid patient in town. a was a man of about tw nty-five, and vary week, as ho had been sick ·vi th a high fever for three weeks. Ae his room '\Ja.S up t m flights of stairs, v-nich were narro v and ;indin , it was n.'lrd ·vor}: for us to '?;Ot him do"'m on a. ::;trot-

' chor. Unfortunately, the road almost all the way ".iaS of tho roughest "pave". However, wo went us slowly as possible and his father and mother, who sat inside the ambulance Nith hin, said it was quite comfortable. It was a. beautiful trip and the gardens c nd places alon ~ tho road v:ore fascinatin..... When v:o loft him in a priv to room in the American Hospital (not tho !~orlean A~bulance Hospital) his father, who \w.s a oaptain in tho infantry, in n very a.pprecirltive spirit, offered us a "pour boirc• which w gracefully declined snyinc that w wore volunteer ;rork-or5, which so~~od to impress him vary ,uch. Aa soon as 10 roturnod, ~e were told 'Je \lould loo.ve in a few minutes or Compio o, about ei ht miles :J.way, so ;a

hustled about and threw a fa~1 clothes into n bag and filled up the tanks with oil and o; o, and th n at tho last minuto, someone else -:ant in our place, o.s ;e were wanted in Paris . fen thousand ~ounded are at Compi gne, us a result of tho heUVJ fighting of the last f ~:days , m11 it will mean all day and all night work , until th job is finished. I a~ sorry to }1J;<:lVo missed it, but th ro will be pl nty of more chano s la tor on. It looks ao if 11·e ;ould b busy here, h n xt f 'l clays, a pecially as our tr;o lar.)ost car went to Comniogne this n.ft rnoon. So a dinn r

rty 1hich I had planned for to-morrow ovonin~ at Jaur nt's r taurant, n ar th Chtl."!lpS Elyse' o, b , ,ins loo- extremal;/ doubtful.

J nm s - 16.

On waking up about soven this morning, I heard a pecul iar buzzin~, and

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ju.'!lping up I saw out of the \lindow a bie; , French dirie i ble balloon, sailing ovor the top of the 11ospita l, not more thr~n t wo hundred feet above tho roof. It was a ~ond rful sie;ht an \TO atched 1 t sail into the bric,ht sunlight in the eastern sky. Probably, it was the sam one thn.t we nnw the other ev ning. To-day I wont a.r;ain to Clignancourt with somo convalescent Al..,erians, to lor.vo them therG, as it is a military, convale3cent hospital. One man could spca EnGlish vory well,- probably he had been a porter or ~aitor in some tourist hotol. It tho aft rnoon wo a.rnin want out to Aulnay-sous-Bois with ·nore convaloscenta, and wont by a different road, which is shorter and better. Before leavinc, they said a train ,oa,s due at La Chapelle and to return thoro as soon as poasibl , so we \lent as fast ~s 10 could all the 1ay. In an hour and t1enty minutes we were at the station, to find that the train had not com • mhon we waited and waited, ea.n-while, I was wond ring rhnt ,,~s to become of my dinner party, I was 0ivin~ at Lau­rent • s, at seven o'clock. Finally, at . .,ix, they said the train ma not cor.tinf! after all, and so we toro back to the hospital and I had just time to chaneo and wash. mhen someone called U) to tho dormitory that the train had arrived, and it looked honoloss again, but ono of tho ~on said ho would drivo my car, oO we started off for dinner. It was a hectic tlay, and onl::,r s.ho'ls ho~l impossible it is to plan u minute ahead of tim for you can't call a minute your ovm, until you actually get away. t he next ovonin , I was dinine.; out and hopinc; to o to a musicale, but before finishin~ dinner, the telephone rang and I had to return to the hos ital at once to p,et the ~ bulanco. Our party was a groat ouccese, and especially intereotlne, because hardly o.n;Jono 1tn0\7 anyone else. It vJns an o:wful-ly rainy night and wo ha.d trouble in findine a taxi to take us home.

The next morning ve started off enrly to Heuilly-sur-i.!Elrne to get an officer to bring in hare. The trip v~s pretty, as the road ~ent throur,h the Bois de Vincennes. It ~aa a pitiful si ht at tho hospital, as every sin~le man had oi ther an ann or a. lee; missing, and yet, •tondorful to sa~,, they were all a.o hanny as larks in spite of it. The heat lk~s boon a~~ul the last few days and tho nights so bad that slecpin~ has bean difficult. But to-da~r it io coolor. \,or~cing hard all day in this sort of we·1thor takes off pounds. There is ono thing that becomes very monotonous, and that is being stared at by eve~{ono on tho street, for nearly all tho people take us for Jnglish, in spito of the American ~bulance insigna on our arms. The young kids are very amusin • The other dny wo wore out in the car, driving · for our license and stopp d n ar a school during recess. The kids swarmed about us like a lot of ants yell inc; and cry-ing out "Vive les Englo.is". · They 1ere very enthusiastic and runusine;, and it ~¥as hard to cot rid of thom, f.\S they insisted on climbing all over the cnr. Last ni ht I dino~ out again and afte~~rds everyone wont to tho movies, but I was afraid thoro would be a ca.ll nncl so returned here directly. As it happened, wo did not huvo to go to La Chapelle and so war able to go to bed early.

kh re has bon a man in the little room op)osite the donnitory for sever-al days, very sick and he finally died this morning. The room is unoccu~ied temporarily, but prob~bly not for long , as there is nearly always soma hopeless case there. Some men arc too siclr to be oved and so die in the vards. n En~lish soldier, ono of only two or throe her , died y sterday, after h~ving been at thio hospital since oarly September, over nine months. He \rao onl. n. few feet from a buroting shell and was almost blo\m to picceo. It hapncnod on the third day of the battle of the ~arne and ho w~s brou~ht directly hare from the battle­field, after receiving first treatment. From the start it h~1d beet. a ho Jeless case and it is terrible to think of his nino months o was poisoned throuP')lout by -.)• s gn.nr;rene. fis funorn.l afternoon, and was by far tho most impresoivo of an Every-one \:us particularly interef3ted in the cn.oe and the .rard ,7n.s filled . i v.ll n1.1.r _,e , orderlies, ambulance mon, otc. Two s uads or about t vmnty British soldiers each wore on hancl; lined up on both sides of the drive from the hospital to tho }1te, and throueh thin line pas sod the hearse, which ~as covered with beautiful flo·:1ors.

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Ao it \lont by, everyone either uncovered or stood at attention and saluted if in uniform. Tho onl- mourners 7ere a fe ., representatives from tho hospital. he funerals of ronch soldiers are abruys followed by a numbor of tho man • s fa.'!lil·r on foot, but in this caso none of the lad's family were present, so that it was much more pathetic. ho :.n lish soldiers were all a fine lool~ing, clean cut lot of men,- bettor in appearance than tho rencl1, but yet not their equal a s soldiers, for thoro are no finer, braver or bettor fic;hters than tho French.

In the afternoon we took n. rru: n to tho . othchild hospi tnl who had come here temporarily for treatment. He wa s a. fine o.prearin man,- a ser·~oant ancl 0 lad to et back to the hospital, he had previously been at , as he was amon[, his comrades there. As ,,e ct-..rried him into the i7a.rd on his stretcher, ·.m had to stop no\·; and thon to let him sha1t:e hands with hi& nurses and old friends. Ho c rtainly was pl used to b back agnin. Lho hospital i s a fine institution , compos d of several splendid buildin~s, surrounded by eardons and grass plots , vh re th men strollod about.

In the morninoo , I w n up t c :1e~ an operation at the . rican hos ital and this ti o I didn't mind it at all as I did a few days previouol ; at my first

xp rience. On man, ,hile walk ing along through n connectin, trench , in a crouching position , was hit by a bullet which first toro all tho flosh off his right biceps, layin~ the arm bare to the bone,- then it PJade a deop furrow acroso his chest and finally went through hi's left forearm, shattering the bone and tear-ing the flesh frightfully. He had been wounded tvo days previously and \7.aS

brou>ht here last ni~~t. First of all thy stripped hi M to tho ~a i st and sat hi~ in a chair for sov ral minutes , takin~ off all of his bandn~eo , and thus he pos d for sev ral photo ,raphs for th hospital seri s , lhich forms an i nvaluable coll cti on. .11 the time he must have been suffering , yet he never made a mur-mur. .All three wound.., were horrible lookine things, with bi ;) piece, of flesh ha.n~ing from his arms , lik e pieces of moat. hen they lnid him on tho table and eave him ether , which he took quietly. As he ·ient under. he be 1a.n to tal~ and lau~h and had the timo of his lifo , but he did not strug·le a bit. Sorne­tirnes they become violently excited and think they are charp,ing the Germans and c ry out and yell at the top of thoir lungs . Cleaning the POundo '\illS not a pleasant s i dlt, as thoy out away pieceo of flesh and scraped a ray the pus that had formed Ltnd then tore out pieces of shattered bono . A doctor vorkod on each arm, so that it was all over in about three quarters of .c n hour, and after puttin~ in , to drain the oundo, a number of large ~icks, one l1alf inch in diameter , and ruln1-1n them through from one side of hio a rm to the ot!1or, so that they protruded from each side , thoy let him como out of the ethor.

In the ev ning , I went out to dinner and had scarcoly arrived ·1hen thoy telephoned thero was a call for IJa c_ apelle later , so I had only just time to f i nish eating before leaving. It turned out to be a busy ni ,;)ht anc every avail-able ambulance here and ._.ll over the city was on hand, malrinf' probably over forti!" i n all . There wore over five hundred ·1oundod coming in and that .noant an all night j ob . Instead of t _.so men comine from the front , they 1 ro cases evacua-ted from other hospi tala near the front. That means they are gat tin.:; all the avai lable beds possible near the lines ready for a sudden rush of wounded , sure to come from this continued offensive fighting. :e made sev rnl trips between the station and various hospitals and our curs brought noarly thirty wounded hera , ;vhich is a la.ree nu'Tiber for one night. Still we have boon vacuating fast from here lntoly, and there is plenty of room for more. Our last trip ·was by day-l ight and as ~e returned without a load of wounded , we took a little extra detour, alon the Seine, us seeing Paris in the early morning li ~t is fascinating. o passed the Opera House, the /In.doloino, Place do la Concorde , over the 'ont Alexan­dre; then by the Trocadero and home b~ the Etoile and the Arc de Triomphe. by the way of the upner Champs Elyse&o ,- which I always think of as the moo '..JOnderful streot in tho ~;orld. It wo.s a rido that rill last in my memory for ·- long time for we started from La C!k""tpelle tj st n.bout day break ru1d mnt alone slo lly, so

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that vhcn we reached tho Seine th light had so increased that the quiet reflec­tion in its smooth surface vas very be?.utiful indeed. hen as v1e ascended the hill bJ tho rocad rs we glanc d eastwards up the S ine and in the misty early mor.nin, light saw, over tho roof tops of aria, that stretched below us, the rosy colored sky in the distance. It wa 1nagnificent composition and the pic-ture toot lay before our oyes was ono that would have made any artint envious.

;o had a cup of chocolate on our return and turned in about ounrise. After ,ettin; a cou lo of hours sloe:p, I got up for early breakfast and ,ot tho

[lr f i 11 od with s etc. , so ~-s to bo road.! if r:...ny further call should come this . .1orning. Three more wou..'?lded have just been broueht in, by an ambulanc from an­other hospital. One man v~a in terrible shape,- wounded in three places. is head 'vas entirely bound up, except or a small space loft around his mouth to breathe through, and his board retruding was saturated with blood, ~hich attracted the flies, fl'l.D.king a ghastly sight. At tho sarno time as thoy ·.,oro laying on their stretchers, in tho hall-way, mliting their turn to be washed and lookod after, tho strains of a hymn from tno church across tho ;ay broke the stillness of tho early Sunday morning, and made you \'/Onder ·h all this terrible sufferin and self ~acri­fice had to be.

Yesterday ">le were having broakfast, do~;m at the corner, in our favorite spot, v.rhen one of the hospital blesses begun talk inc; to us. He h<-.d been \JOunded near Arras and a bullet hnd gone throuL~ his nose and cheek. However his face h-<J.d been reconstntctod and no•J ho does not appear as repulsive, as he must have baen at firot. He told us some of his experiences and ho·v he sot shot. He and five othors had caught and su~)rlsed about forty Gor.nans in a trench and verj speedi-ly killed tho. all, o..s they were ~ornorod and couldn't escape. I ask cl if ho liked to kill Gerrtl."l.ns. H j tot b amed all ov.er and tossing his hands in tho air, said, n _ala", (rather a com1on ranch expression of satisfaction}. It was so funny tho way he said it, that vo all burst out laughing, \lhich pleased hi im­mensely. Ho seemed to imply that ho just liked to kill a few, as a matter of course, before his breakfast evory day.

It has been quiet the last two days ( .~ond'-ly and Tuesday), but to-night we nrc off for La Chapelle in a few minutes, but as yet, don't know ~hethor or not a bi~ train is expectod. Yesterday morning I spent a couple of hours in the operating room and saw three operations. One mn.n \vas given other, another gas and a third a hyperdermic, for a foot operation. P bullet had gono throu~ his leg just ~bove the aru{l , and had takon out a section of about an inch of his log bone. Thay dug out sov ral pieces of his uniform which had b on driven in, and then nicked out all the broken bona. It seemed so quoer to have tho man talkin to tho doctors and nurses all the ._irne, while they \.r re dig ~in; aua ... ,. in hi~ wound. Just to shO\·; us hO\t paralyzed hio muscles, below the v;aist wero, from tho hyper­dermic, tho operntinr; suro on asked the soldier to move his lot;o, but it was im­possible, in opito of his efforts, excopt o. lit .. le bit by pullin:'; up with his body. Some of 10 wou:ndG were frightful, too much so for a. description. One in parti­cular was tho most repulsive of any I ha.d sean yet; it wao of such a nature o.nd in such a place thn.t the man vould recover probably vor-J rapidly and como out 0. K. Tho chief thing would bG e. lot of sJtin era tinr~, for tho area involved was nearly a square foot.

The call Tu:escL-':ly was an early one and Je ' ere in bed soon a ter one o ' clock in the morning. There ~era two t in ae usual,- one from Crey, evacua-tions from the hospitals from thero and t Am ns,- the other from Arras or that region. . In the first train moat of the men are sent further south, only a few badly wounded, who are unable to stand the trip, a.ro taken off hero in raris. The soconnd train is mad.o up of men who have beon wounded more recently and hn.vo only received first aid and temporarily bandaged. Ofton they uro a bloody lot, as tho wounds frequently continue bleedina. One of 011r man had to have his wounds rodre~sod in the onoratin~ room, before wo could take him off in our anbu-lance. Last nl ,ht another poor fellow tlied on the train .. nd his body ~as brought

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out us I d scrtbod foro .. Sav rol m 1.'1:) en ha.vo turned up r c Clntly from various squads at tho front,

and all are very enthusiastic abo t their vmrk thore, .lhich is often very exci tinc-. A r or hrLs b en circul3-tod that o~1o of th men wan kill d at Dunk:irk, but there is no vro.y of ascertaining tho truth, for tno ron here who ought to kno·.v are very re-ticent. It is a~;ravating to see ~11 theBe men returnine from tho front ~ith all kinds of tr011hies, such oo Ger. a1 hel·1ots, guns, shells, etc., and also to see men r;oing out to roplaco them several timen a wock, and yet still to be here in ario, whoro the wor"c, interesting as it is, can not compare 1tdth that at tho front. A fm-: w on turned up tho other day, but thoy ''ere not a prepossess ins lot.

o·\"1aver, savon oro appeared this . orning ancl they are a more efficient lookin~ · egregntion. T·;onty more are clue shortly, so there will soon be onough for the prosont. Just now•the men are arrivinr, f'nster than tho cars, but tho latter will prosontl,. catch un. Two men nrc, loavin~ ror Havre in a few minutes to noe about brin'""inr; down so11o iords that have just arrived.

JTJ 1~ 16 - 23 .

To-day is tho t~·;cnty-third and lt ls the first chance I ' ve had to -;vrito in the diar.r for a week , as it Jk"'l.s been very bus::r· Durin~ , both :nornine an<.l afternoon, there 1as been much evacuation work, - that io rer1oving tho convales-cents to other hospitals which are u.lrnost entirely out of :2ar.ic-. hey have beon ge·c·ting as many beds emptied as possible, as all thin hoa.vy fightin ;; north of Arras ~ in tho "Labyrinth", means thore ~,rill bo large nu'Tlbors of :10unded cor'ling in . The other hospitals have been doin~ tho same, so as to huva a lot of emuty bodn i Pari s . Thero .:tre half a dozen hospitnlc,- mostly outside of narts that wo ovncuate to , -Poissy, !aisons Laffitte, ~t . Germein, ·~ulnay-so~s-Bolo, e Rainey, otc . ~hese outside trips usually ta, .. 3 at ler .. s t two hours, t.loro often throo, and are a pleasant change from tho city. The men are us1ally glad to got out, as tho hosnitals aro pleasantly s1 tun. ted and almost always surrounded by pretty gardens and woods . Tho onl~r ttout" about these trips is that nearly every road from naris is "pave" and tho cobble stones are extremely rough,- consequently whon tho car is full of wounded, it is necessary to go olowly to mn.l-:e the mon as comfortable as _1ossi ble. But on the return we usually hurrt• Tho drivin~ in aris, except v;hen there are wounded in the car, is tirosone work, as going through tho streets in tho trfif'f i c, especially durin~ tho busy timo of dey, at a faot ~ice, keeps you on tho jumn all the time. A lot depends on tho orderly. At present, I have a poor one nnd besides ·watching tho other vehicles and m:r ovm, I have to vatch tho namoB of tho streets, when \'le aro in some n<nl part of the city. The urevious man I had, al-ways kept his eyes wide open and never missed tellin~ me tho ri ;ht turn to r:Jako, si ttin8 beside me, map in hand, ancl if nt nir;ht, with his electric 1 ight.

mhe other evening we oxnected n call and at half pust ton , the sai d the train would not bo in after all, so we all went to bod . All ve had was an hour ' s sloep, for the train can1o unoxpoctodly and .. ,e had to r;ot up and hurry do vn to it. Hm·;evor, 1 t was not a bicr one and m wore home o.bout da.yli(l"ht . The next day was Sundc'ly. '·:e .ha.d half plmmed to :,o to tho Opera Comique that night , on a chance th.-~t there ':ouldn't be a call, but I decided it W'.ls too risky, and so tho plan fell through. At three o'clock in tho afternoon, a call came ,- tho tr-.·in boin. ox-pectod an~; minute, so dorm v1o ... ent . rrour after hour vent by , ao vle wai ted at tho station inside at our accustomed nlace, '.;There thoy unload tho '/Oundod. I was dining out that ni ht, but fin· ll~J I sa\'l there '::ould be no chanco nd no tole-phoned I could not come. '..'o took turns and ~10nt around tho corner for some nupner and returned to \'.ai t again. Finally at fivo minutes past twelve, 'rter nine hours of nittinc; on tho benches , n small trr,.l.in arrived in place of t e bin; one they ox-pocted. One trip for our car vas all th.:"Lt wus required., so 10 \lore home just a -bout dayli , t, and ··;ent to bed. owevor, three quarters of an hour ln. ter , a cull

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ce.rne for all cn.ro a"J~ilablo. Durin~ tho next fov; hours, four larg trains came in, and with about fort~? ambulances, the v10undod v;aro moved out quickly. Thera ~Jere ver;,,. few ctrctcher bearers at the atation, GO nll of us helped out as . ··.re do O!! such ocoa.sions, c;oing into the car~·, lifting the men fro n their bunks and put­tinr: them into tho stretchers, -.. nd curryiur; thor.1 ou~ to their temporary quarters in the little houses inside the frei ;ht chcd, whore they ~re fed before boin) carried off in tho a.'nbulancos. '.:ho oufforiu had boen somethinr" terriblo for the men h...q,d boon in their berths two dayo c.nd a half. There ~1era so many trains of .•o'lu ded, betv.roen Arras and ')nris, t 1at tho traffic wus bo.dl· eoneested. Soma of he poor men had died on tho wo.y. 'l'he cnrs c.re s 1 ni lar to baegage cars and fi ttied up 1t:i th fourteen berths, roughly mado. ·i·i th mon unable ·to scarcely move, it is usy to imagine the terrible condition tho cars .are in. Yet instead of the work boin0 ro )Ulsivo, you have so r:1uoh ni ty for the men that you nevor think of it in that ·way. lu3 usual · .. o had to go to mi~ny oifferent hosyJitals,- in fact I have not yet be ~n to tho ·~arne ono twice, except of course this ono. Each trip means a ne v place and often a 110\7 route, oo that by no·v I know a crcater part of the city of Paris pretty thoroughly. Uany of the mon were badly •:1ounded, some hn.vino- bad head wounds, othoro r.'linus a leg or an ann. After makinr several trips, for there w!'l s a great nur.1bor of v.roundcd, nearly all being stretcher cases and thoro v;oJ:•o four troins in all, we finally ended up at the Gr'd.nd Pulais, \,hich is at present a large hospital. Our last load was consi~'r"fled to the Hotel iato­rir~, now tho Jap'r\nose hospital, but it '{iUS full and there was not one empty bed, so after telephoning back to tho station, for further instructions, v;e took them to the Grand Jalais. ·de roached home at oip)lt o'clock, just in time for tho last call for breakfast. i.ost of tho . en went ri~ht to bed, but being unablo to sleep durinG the day, and as ·~.,e ·~ere excused from work, except in case of a train call, I ... oo1{ the mornin"' o.nd part of tho afternoon off, and then n.t hnlf n st five ~1ont to bed. Fortunately, thoro ¥lOre no mora calls until late the next morn-inr.·. 3ince then it has been quieter,- onl~r evacuation wor1

: and od< jobs tho last two da.yc.

This mornin- ·\·to took four convalcsconto to a hospi tul neu.r b.:,- all r.1en able to "':all{, as they were ·.;ell recovered. Just before arri vinr; a tGrri f ic do ~mpour began. It i.Vas ._, rogular cloudburst, and rained so hard that it would have so ..... lced tho mon to tho s1-dn to have · .. -;alkod tho short distance into the hos )i­tal, so 'l.:o vJO.i tod for fifteen or twont;l minutes until the worst of it was over. As a result tho ntrccts were lilte rivers. All day lon, it ha.s been t ... o sarno,-sev ral short terrific showers, al\•;ayn of courso comin'; unexpectedly and a.t tha wron<~ timo. 1'ho other day I r:o.s asked if it ·:ere possible to tranofer tv;o on from the Jap~ose hospital to a convalcocent hos_)i tal at Po iss • .:e we1 e able to c:..rrR-nge it o. { •. and took them o .. 1t in our cur. 1:he roato lay by th -.,·,ay of t. Germain and it ., s a very pr tty trip, oop cia.lly tht t part v.:horo tho roo.d

closoly follows tho uoin , just beforo r ac i·ng tho town. All along th re ·;;ere b autiful pl~cen, •;hose gro[..v ch:;'1.r s ens to li in the wond rful ->rowth of tr s. The roa<l b tween there and Poissy was equally attractiv , thouch v•ry dif r nt, for it ran through the forest of ~t. Gorm2in. Tho people at tho hospital were very hospitable a.nc1 couldn't do enough for us, insisting on showing us all about the building and t .. r;ro: nds. 1e wero immediatoly raised from th position of chauffeur, as ·m arc ._ .. · ~ d her among tha French.

An amusin~ incident took place tho other afternoon. ·e had some men to ev£.cuate to <liaisons Laff'i tto and v;e1·o just ready to start. I had gone in-side the hospital to get my coat and on coming out, found my car surrounuod by men, some polishing brass, others changing around the extra '>'heels ate~ It ~as hurd to imagine vthn. t had happened. Everyone v;as running around oxci ted and f,i v-in · orders. Finally I discovered that the .Unister of ar had sent up for a car for some speoi l vorl{, to car-rJ an important b l osse to a certain lace. Bomeon thou ;ht the tmv1. vas in the north of • ranee, and that wo rn1Bht be f;One several dayQ. So ~e huctlod to eet some oxtra cans of gasolene and put our ovorcoa s

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in the car and started. off. __ t tho w .1.r office 1 wero instructed to follOY' Capt. Andra in his car to the ~tatlon at Aubevilli rs, ~hich is a few miles outside of tho city. H ra the cars formerly r,:; nt, inatoud of La Chapelle as they do at pros en t. An hour lu tor a train of wounded c o in a.nd t··;o men war tak n off and put into our car,- ono of thorn 1as a couoin or something of tho inister of War or some high official. The train than pulled out and proc odod some\;horo in the south of Franca. Thos t1o men we carried back to the American ospitn.l. Th y wero both Parisians,- and as vo reached tho Place d la Concora.e, I called throueh tho window that we w re _,oing up the Champs Elys as. One of thorn was not badly v;ounded and h raised himself on his stretcher to look out, and on oeo­inO' the \rc de "'riomphe, in the distance, h 1as tickled to death, for it had been ~~ny months since h had last looked at it and I i~~r,ino there ~ere many ti~as 1hen he 'ondered if he ever vwuld see it c,.~:;. in. ~)o our trip to the north of

France was over and a lot c1 t ... ent all for nothing. Late y sterday afternoon, after we had finished oarryin the Jounu d

from La Chapollo station to the hos itals, I got tho next t~o hourn off Utld vent on a small ..,arty to tJ:le "Isle" in the Bois do Boulogne for tea. It is a beau i-ful soot and :.... nice div rsion from tho hospital ·.ork. It is ve · arnusin, the ·~·,.a.y all tho children lilro to nalute us on the street and tako great pl asure in sayin~ "good-ni ·ht" to us no matter •1hn.t time of day it is. It seemc to be the one ,nglish word they knOYI. Often they run alon::': and insist on shakinfj h:J.nds. Between five and nino it is usually quiet here and often possible to ;et so~o time off to dine out, but as thoro is always at any minute, especially after eir;'1t in the evening, a chance of there bein u call to meet the train, it is necessary to get permission to leave the ,rounds and as vell to leave your telephone number, so thoy can }et you at a moment's notice. That means it is possible to dino out, thouoh sometimes it is necesso.r.f to baci::: out ut the last r.1inute, but i possible to go to tho theatre or ttciner.la". However, the other evening it i...vs certain there would be no call, so we went to the 'movies" and had a very amusinr; part::t'"•

c..,.m,:.!, 24 - 30.

About half past eleven ~o ~ere ~aked up ·o go to La Chapelle and on arriv­lnl, found the train h..:'l.d not :vet como in, so we v ai ted about, as uoual, hour t..fter hour. Finally it looked so hopeless that 'e decided to ,o back to the honpi118.l · and got so~c sleep. J.ll the other men remained at the station and slept inside their cars on the stretchGrs. About four e Got into bed but it ;asn•t for lon as three quarters of an hour la tor, ~o vmro again a\•Jaked by ono of the bo. r scouts on duty, saying that the train was at the station. r.e had f~ur men to carry to the Bon .rarche hospital,- all a very nice lot,- one a Chass uri\Pieds, while another had been in Canada soverrl years and greatly pleased to find someone to whom he could t'l..lk English. e took up his quarter ~action of lund not far from '~' inne-peg and only last summer obtained his full title, after spon<line throe years in "proving it up". Then thA war broke out and he returned to join hin regioont. I!e had been north of Arras, at Souchez, near the sugar refinery, wh ro the fi~ht-ing has been so intense for some timo. ...hrae days ago he was wounded in threo places,- but none of them ·vero very bad. His coat was torn badly by bullets, which he shO'led, :...nd with great pride. As he lay on hio stretcher, alon.,side the tunbulunce in the courtyard, I took a pict·ure of him at his request and \iill mail one to him, as soon as it is printed. It 1as about eit;ht in tho morning and the light was none too eood, so that it was necessary to make a time exposure. Ho ·;ever, I hope it will turn out all ri rht. It is v;onderful to think of these men, who come from thousands of miles away, to return to their r giments, even aft r havin~ been away fro n France or year , nnd settled down at dist· nu poL1ts, after takinc up land and ostablishin homes of tneir o·.vn. It sho ;,rs the tremen-dous amount of p' triotism t e·· have for La atrio. He had been ver;J ~lad to

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talk to us,- sp cially b cause I 1tnew .innepc~ nnd ~11 tho country round about, anc.l \las sorry to hav uo loav • ? roturnod to tho hospital in tine for break­fast, and aft r doing about t ·m hours' work on th car, went to b d or an hour's al I lunch d out at "Lo P tit Durand" on Avonu Victor Iu -o, a.'l.d in tho ev nin~, after mana~in~ to g t anoth r short nap, w nt out to dinner, where I

ound some interosting mai r m homo a'·~tc~i ting mo. For the la.ot throe days 1 t has rained a lot,- terrific downpours sov .ral times a da.;r, quite a contrast to tho uenther previousl,r,r, which huo been fri~htfully hot \.ri th a brilliant sun.

This is tho twenty-sixth day of Juno and exnctl;>r a year ar;o to-da;y, fiv of us \t r starting out for a five months' huntine trip in British Colum-biao o-day I am hero at tho American Ambulance Iospital in Paris,- Bob Cross is in Sorvia. 0 with Dr. ("itronE;, workinp; amon~ the suffers of the t~lphus placue, Bob Jones (Canadian) and Jack Symes ("'":nglish), ;hom we took with us to hel~ out in the ?Ork, ara... with the Canadian continc;ent, fightin .. in the north of rnncc, while the fifth~n is in Albortn at Jasper, lookin~ . ., after their interests at home and planninc; to enlist shortl~ • Ylho would evor have thought such could be the cas a year ago. It socm( stranf~e to think of there bcin~; three mon fight ­inc; at tho front with \·;hom I have camped out month after month in British Colu 1-

bia, and eli. bod mountn.ins, and 1 untod big ga~o. All durin~ tao tr~p these samo two man were planning to return to Englund, this last ;inter , to return home for a \,hilo; as the. hadn't boon thoro for sevcro.l years. And this is the way it has ended.

Everyone hero, as olscrihorc, cas boon regret tine; the death of ,arneford , the aviator. rzn day before he took his fatal flight, my cousin m t hi~ at tea . i:)ho sn.id ho was so young that he soomecl lil-:o a mere bo • The next afternoon the girls ·\;ere having ton. and ' arneford \Vas coming in after his flight. . hey wait <l and wai -uod,- ·~.ronderinc \"thy 10 w(.. ..... so late, when the tclerhone ell r .... ng, and a mossa~e came sayin~ that he had junt been killed. Such incidents as these brine homo 'tho rcali tics of this v.'ar botter thn.! a.n rthinp; else" nd yot this is only one of many such incidents, for they know lots _of mon , who have been kill­ed, Gomo of their best friends, - mon vith ~hom thoy have danced and dined , and gono to parties. And nearly evo~J wook the news comoc of tho death of another friend or acr:ua.il.tancG.. ur..d still while some re being Jrilletl_, others arc just leavin .• for the front. o-d.a;y· a ~rounr, lad of nineteen , who i s i n tho cavalry , and a ercat friend of theirs , loavos for / rr-o,- for apparently they ox ect , or at least hopo , to use the cavalrJ soon.

It is extraordinary tho nmount of ground tfl.at ve cover sonc cla;1s, mere­ly running the cars around naris, cnrryinr, wounded and coing to evacuation hospi-tals outside of the city. 'I'ho dist3.nce nmounts up faster than one Y:ould nuppose , for on some days , I h,~vo eone more than ono hundred and fifty 1tilometert~ in the Do.imeler. tavo ber,n e;_ ecting ail;y to go to Compio .~ne with the ca.r for a few days to help out car~rinr; wou1.dod , as thoJr are so buoy that they need help~ but so far wo haven ' t received any noro definite ordero than to have tho caro ready to loavo at short notice.

Yesterday a man returned from the squad 't mn.:irl: , whore he nad boon but n 1.veek. The bombardment of heavy shells, fired from Gorman ~ns, twont" -three milos U\7ay , was terrific ho said and some mon ' s nerves had completely cono to pieces from the strai n. He said tho explodin, of the bi~ fifteen inch shells i n tho tmvn ,;r: s more tiln.n some were able to stand. It is curious tho way it affocts some people . Tho Ford cars spend !!lost of their ti .~e at the station, whore they o for the .. ,oundcd, ancl this is the ob(jective of the German fire, but ··s yet, the;{ haven ' t hit the buildin, itself, althoue;h tho shells otri ... c nearby and ever-;; explosion means a rnined house and often dead civilians. The latter are panic otrioken and arc fast lonving the to;m. Othe~1iso, thin~s are ple~s-ant there and rather quiet at present. ho men are qu&rtored in a villa, ·J.t the edge of Dunkirk , d directly on the v;a.ter, oo thoy have \~ionderful swirnminP,' o.ll tho timo . Before long it looko as if they ;;ould "!Il..'llro a bullseye" and then some of the earn will be d molishod. ho rumor that ono of th~~e? 7as killed ;as

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entirely unro l.ndod. There they are at cached dircctl~T to tho French ar:ny ,- I for t \Vhich corps or divi::>ion. Here at Uouilly v:e are attached to the Thir-toonth rmy Corps.

A very interostint.> ceremony too:- place b: the outer courtyard here yesterday. A man was decorated wit the Cross or tho "I,e ion d 'Honneu.:" by a General. Our . en \;ere dra·.rn up in double r .nJ-s on one side wit about twenty ambulances parked behind us, and on another oidc about fift~r of tho ~unicipal

Guard wa1 e dra ·m up aloo in double ranks. Tho remainin.; space Vlt..O occupied by sp cto.tors ,- f?.Ul"SCS, hospital \.rorkers , friends etc. l'1hero munt have bor:m throe J u.ndrod in all. Sinco I carne t\ o decorations of tho " .. iadaillo ",Uli taireu hav ta.lcen placo , but oach time in tho ·:1a.rd3, a3 tho ~en ;;;oro too sick to be

oved. This m.an ho·~ever, "as hroucht do·:n on a stretcher and nl cod 1!1 tho center of the open square. The1 ar or tL.o bugles finished, th Gonorn.l sur-rounded by hi staff, stop ed for ,nrd antl read an acco~J.nt of the heroic deed tho officer had done to \lin tho crosr. \'Jh 11 everJono had finish d clap )inc, he st po d forvvard, ... lac (1 his sword ·twice on th man ' o oh.ouldor, pinned tho m dal o his cloth a (b in~ in this caso pajamas) and e;reetin~ him aa u "cheva-l! r du 1 gion d 'honn ur", kissed hL on both ch c.:cs . rl'he other officers shook hands, a1d ta.an his -:;if came uo and -!~sed him and hin little girl , or bout thr , sat on th arm of lis Cfu'"'ir and kissod him too. It -.·,.c.s a very

improssivo ni ,ht. "inally, his 'lOn on relfl.tivon and rri nels came U.:.) and O!le b.~

on kissed him, till h rrmst havo had onou,~h· It was a vory ea:v assembly and finally after it w-;.s all ov r, o.nd he had b en surro"Jndcd by th adt:lirin:-; c-.·ovrd, th orderli s carried him off in his chair, buried in. the flo\·:ors that had been nresen tod him. ..he poor m.::1n loo!~otl [_ s though ho vw.o sufforinr- a ;ood de<c'.l. T vn the crowd slowly d.ioo rs d n1 d it was ov r. It was extr ~ 1 int restil1 , to h· ve ocen l t at s tch close qu:)rturs.

This morni nr; £ arly ( Sunu;r.,.) , ci:;h·~ Fo rds atartad for the Von~os, on th ed.._;e or Alsaco , to cor;nJ.e c t11'J ·qaad or which Die ~a·.,ronco is i.1 c}1arr;o. Uo ., th ~·ard and 11 fact the dormi tor>-J as \7 11, look d sartGd. Th y will arrivo a.t st •. ~aurico to- orro'7 v. ern on. It is beautiful cour:.t .. y the-re ~111d

until r c ntly th re has b an v ry lit~..~le to do, but tha mon take turns boin!S on d11iy and )o of on lou0 walk:..; and clir b~, anonr; t o ·1ountains , t')r (.vll day. They are comfortably quartered in a little to,;m that nostlas do·m among 'the hills, which must be very picturesque rror.:1 all accounts. It is n lloalthy o.nd easior life ther than h r nnd an xtr moly plen.sa~t one apparently.

Again it has been quiet her. the last ,...,., days and wo haven't had a call to th station for three nights, in s ')i te of all tho heavy fi:;h:;in~ that con-tir:uas around Arras. Yesterday mornlng I too1{ the car ov r to :Iospi tal Buff on on ru Vau0 irard, in the! Latin n.arter, to take somo str tchor cases out to .::-'o iosy. Tho Countease d wus at Buffon with her limousine to t~k~ three other soldiers out. At tho hos:pi tal I ·::ent in to s e m;~~ friend, \lhom I tar:<:ed '7r..t".>lish with th otller morning, and he seemed very glad to sea .. 1e ."'gain. c still feels pro tty sick, aa ho h.:'ls a very bad head wound, a bull t ·1ont through tho top of his skUll, but fortunately only ;razed his brains. !·Us mind. seems a. little vap:'U.o, but it is onl~l na.tur 1. Ho"..over , it doocn't loolt as if it v.rould be anything ucnma.nent. The Countesse wanted to go a diff rent V.'o.y fron th only route I k:ne v to :>oissy, so she wont a.head in her car and I follov:od. It is '=! beautiful trip out through pretty country past ~)J.l Inison and st . Germain, and then a.lon-the banks of the S in and through tha foreot of st. Germain. he head of the hospital ·vas v ry ~lad to s us again , and the Gountesso asked me to stay and lunch ·.lith hor at her villa, whicn io a be[utiful place thore.

onday afternoon ono hundred and thirty "couchon" cnr.1o in on t~. train, but there ·1ore enoll~h ambulances so that one ~.~ri:D apiece ·Nas all that ;·1as neces­sar;,. After loavin;.J our four mon · t a hospital, at the far end of the Latin ~uarter, on ru.e de la Glaciele , vo returned to the ntation but found thoro wore no blesses left. Sunday I f)Ot the ·.vholo afternoon off and mado up a little

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party for lunch at th Ritz,- ~_;unuay be ins t o faohionn.ble dn.~}", if o~ch it ma:l be called in ·.-;D.r times. It was qui to cro~1dod ana in SI)i te of tho limited number of French people I knO\~, there ;ere a nu' bor at sovoral different t~bles I had met. Al tor;ether it \·;as ver;; amusint; to have n. glimpse of J. rench society. Afterwards ;e made a call and then "!JO all ·.·.rent to the Bois to the "Tir o.u Pif'cons• 1-:here \'10

watched the tennis and hn.d toa. Altogether, it 1as a pleasant ch.:'"lneo • . Another man has cor.1o bt:: cl: frO"l t~ o Voseos G.nd he thinks when the rest

of tho co.rJ to complete the squad go out next weolc, tho whole squad will then be movGd over into Alsace 11earer the front and tho ,;or:: \·.rill bo r.!Ore intcreotin. still • ., nether ma:n came in fro•1 Dunkerquo a.nd told un more of tho bol""lbo.rdmcnt. Tie s-:~.id tho explosion from er ch shell shook the :holo city like o.n co.rthquc..lco. ihore h .. .l.d been a little bar or "gin ~illtt, as ho called it, on one of 1;ho corners, where the nen were in tho habit of go in> for a dri1i';;: llO\: and then. hey hti.d ~one around ' from t.ha st.J.tion, ·~.'here the cars were "'Jar;{ed, for a drlnl:: a.nd not I:la:ny minutes after tho:r· had finished and loft thr. bar, ono of tho bi'5 fifteen inch ahell s landed OL to~ of tho very houso thoy had just been in. he noxt time thoy '.vent by there u~s nothing visible but a. pile of bricl-cs and :11. rtar an "11a.gr:1e \Vhito'D'' ·.vas a r.1emor{ of the past. It sho :s that alcohol hns ::: still furt.1er da!"'f:er ct~ached to it .

This mornin.:; '>ve went around to the For~ c.-hop to bring back seven chass i s and it was a fu:rmy si --;ht, as \"le 1·ove around one behind the othor, all of u." s.: ..__ tlng on tho gas t;anlc, bouncin£ up '"LncJ llO\Vll over tho roup;h roads. :~ach car ~~s tlo have the t vo front .Jhools rep &cod b;7 larccr oner ,- tho ro.-::.r o:lrinr~o tnkcn O'tt an· one loaf added, and then the body b:lilt ancl nut on, boforo it io ro:..vd~1 for tha front. 11 tho 'tor1{, except tho bod~,·, is do·no b.J ";;h men :1 j·o 1nc.~. it ls quite a lit ... le job. r·~oro o~rs arc ex octed,- in fact a fec.7.aro co~i:!1:;; nteadil~" Pll the ~i:::1o. fJovoral :noro Jilon c ~JJno to-d,.!.y from Bordeaux, arri vin(" on ~tp. Tiocharnboau ~nd thoy •Jre the nlc .st appearhv .. 1 "t yet ,- mostly arvard men, amon: them tho roo n-naA~e of a inill~ who has ,jP. -c l.;1.'t o .. • the . oa,.;co and • lso a :1o.n I ~cnoYr at school. Still quiet. ''pent all day rollin~ curb stones lnto place,- good oxorcir;e .

JULY 1 - 5.

rUght boforo last, I 'iEn:'" to bed early, ho9inr; thoro: '.7ot:ldn ' t be a cull, so as to (l"et a r;ood sleep. Luter on in tho ovenine, I heurd some one s:J.:r, "I guess he's asleep, vm won't ~.:n.kc him up". I W'ls n ...... turn.ll~~ curiou~ enou.-;h to '"nO\i what it 1,-;as a ll about, so I sat U!) ancl founci one of the a.mbul·~1.ce 'llen and an­other, whom I did not recoc;ni:":e, by m~ bed. rlhe latter sa.id hin 1t...me was ---­from hiladelphin, and tha~ he ~.va!:; at · ·ood ' s Iole _or the smn.rncr about t\ c 1t;r :.rears ac;o. I ro~e:'"nbored him of courne, for v;e UfGd to sail and :)lay around touether G. ... !{ids. It was str ..... n·;o to be \Jc.~'tod Ul), ir.. tho :ni .tdlc of the night, b:t a r;·>n I h.adn • t seon for so long. lfe raid sornoo1:c viol tine::> in · hil·'delphia had told him I .1as here, =.vnd so he looked .ne up i:nnedia.toly on his arriv3-l, without 1ast in' any ti..1e. r e came over with tho ~,ennSj 1 V8.nla unit,- rer)lacin-:: tho Harvard unit, whic'l returns home to-dny. Two d·.,~r'l hd.Ve ~one b;:l '-"'ince and I haven • t soon him U

0Ei.in,- in fact after o.:ly seoin; lti'n in the dnrl'=:, I v:ouldl1 ' t reco£;nizc 1i n a,,::1.in

an;.r-..ay . It all seems so stra~ ... ;e that I a.m ber;lnnin~ to wonder -:rvhethor .it h'."1 pen-od at all and t 1,_ t perhaps after all I had only dreamed it.

Ona afternoon JG had ~ call v1i th one hu:c.dred and thi r.Jy oight stretcher ca.sos, o "co·\A. .... ~~as", some or uhich ,,,ere very bad,- ono poor man bro~u~lt bac:"' to this hos;>i tal h&Vinf" both lap;s t_;Ono. rpho evenings hD.VG ber.,n BO quiot tnat it hao still been possible to dine out frequently. One night ,.e ·;ont to the "Cine-ma" a.nd ·~nother to a musicale and brid •'e. "or'{ing all day and stayin, up at pa.rtien till one in the rnornine, vd th a cull u.t rJ3 Chapelle no 1 "nd th n las tinf7 all night, is alto-ethor too otrenuou~ a li~c for me.

The othor day I dic:coverocl a. crn.ck in the motor and :10 h~~c to t:.-.. lro it

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ontirel:r off .. nd send 1 t av u:,: to b w ldod ·o G v! er, for fortl na tely, the crack wa.s r~ thor slif;ht • 0 Unday it Ca.'ne onck 'llld after ·mr".-.:inr · hard on t all morn-i.l(; :ettin) it b:--.c and connecth up all tho pi }OS, my perfectl: ... u 11 mc .. ·nint-; but c~reless orderly, bro1re o f D.. bolt i:~ 02 o o the c.;linclor he ... ycls . r it h:ldn't beon "'or th<Nt, the motor ·,;oultl h[Ve be 1. rtumi·l~ a[f).lYI in ,• r:r.r ntn'l:eo. So th<?. heo.d h.o. to be a~ain _·amoved anc1 sm:t n.way to h,ve tho 'ol t re .. y od out. rowever to-d!.i.l we ~ot t. c car ru.nuinc or ce r:1ore. : oan·\!hi J.e, : ~'3.ve bem_ !"lUl-

nin:::; tho ,.{im, a )Oor c r, u.s tho ,erJ..r u.re 1w.rd to cl OJ" go rnF the lovors noorl;· arr ..... 1\.)ed. Besi c ... the horn iP r..o good <1ncl. tho emorc; .ucy brake if-l tio<l to_:ethcr with- .-.trino• So ·lto_~·thor it is.l't much of [car. :o·.;ev1r., it inn ' v usecl 17TJC for t t ls e: t ~.1 1ost oxc_uni vol;,- for :l1 fee vim. n cases.

T --•• st n1 )1t on rctun int, 1 to to tho dormi ~or·, I hc .... rd o ce 1~1orc tho r. oruw of a dyi:n r.'k.: ... l r ..... xt to our room. : .... 1e poor maL has corcbro.l menin.c:;ltic a-. t: i.... ir; onl:v a q le~~t1ou of a z;hort ti1~e bofor ho \.,.ies. ·uc r.10 tLor h-2~ boon r1t his bedside for rorty- oi -ht hours nm·; nnc'l.. 11asn' t r.~tcn or ulept at all. It r. .omE> t rri ble to t1..in;:: of _1o··; i . tt.:m ~o is t. o sufforing of tho ;;omen o 1 account of t .. 1 hor .. ors o_ this ~ .. r:. r. ~o- oL.y I sa:.1 o PO tier r,i t ~ir , on th terr:..~·"'e 2-nd his f.;.~ce had b .n so torn to : .. >icc s, th.:f').t !10 ·:n:J.G ~o fri3ht ully ropul:3ive, tl1'"~.t it ·.vas literally ir;1possiblo to l0')1

r ~ ... t .. 1i.1. t

Sunday afternoon I -.ra8 nvi to to ,2;0 il a lo0 e to tho 0 ero. Comi,.!ue. c· .. valier· Hu.stie:-:J. ~1 and i~~on w re A~ivon and tl"e L-.. tter \i::OS e~1·[)ecially ··,ell doLe . The 1: st ti.1e I saw it .• ,as sGver~--1 ~;oars aso -;:i th Farrar and Pln.nyon , so it Na.s intor~stinc to co. P' ro. che t.\70 . .l0rf01:nances. ..!1 e. Fn.vart so.n~ Hig.non anc~ \7l.s extre·ncl:I r.;oo( i.. he ·art, as sho not 011~~ ho.s a vor.~ c;ood voice , but s '' . 1 ls a~tr,ctivo and :1.cts )'race£\ ll;y. '3ho w.B 0'11./ s-mc; O.v ·the Op\ra Comique throe ti"Yles. reviouo ~-o thut, she "".ras ! iur;in:; i: little ope:.:'.c ttal:>. Cho wR.s nimi -··.(';~r to Fo.rrar, but o. courn, not t L hor st·NnurJ.rcl. · 0\7'Yier, uho ho.r a voice ·::ith lo s or Dro· iBo, ~, oC as it alrea·;· in, r~.n is vor:~ tul.: .+.!:~~.~.. I~otlari0

w:... ... ·.mll t:t1-::on., b 1. t :?i .. iliJ e ·,1-rtc ;,.") ·:: 1e L .. l.:'-te:r- • · .:·-::; ~. "'.s C'ur~..... )y :_ v,·o·.c'!l, ·ihoso voice 1'.'2-s not ";lp to t.e st~!ld~rd. to sine t1e dlfficultp~rts o Titani a . 1.l to etLer, it v;as .... VOI'Y "OOd ~or.Lorn:.trwe.. Gnv·:.liern. wet,' " .. 1"'0

well do 10. At tho onc1 :.tlle. Chena.l san~ tho ~Iarsc illai se as usual. Thi s tirno sh., n;:ld G. drco•, m.'ldo of t 1(.) . rico lor,- .t lo· .. st the dross v1as 1Jhi te ui th two '.vin .,s which sh held outstretched ·;i th · er h:'lnds, ono red 2-nd one bluo and rvi th "lo noeucl d' ~ls<:)ce-" L her h').ir, she ·-- ~Jeare<. .G she <dd L1 t!le ,..Yp..,nin· .. -~crform­D.lCO at tho Opera .... o:nique last wi.n t ,r, which \las a m mora.blo occasion , of \·1hich I :ad proviou.sly he· rd. It is co:ct;-lnlJ wo1 corr '1 4 0 he< r .... hat n ~ tio:n 1 so:nt:l' m.n1 in thonc otirrin:; ti"l1<H>, by ouch o. bo~ntif·,d -;-roran, 'h10 ha8 =·· \.:..) iflcent voice, to .~: .. n :....udio co every on'{ of v;hom 1.:.-ve '10' 1bors O~ their f ~i 1,. fi::htin:; for t 1eir countr:i or who ~1e1ve :"!lrondy diod [lG tho fror.t. f~'~ho sc ctin · .JE'.S more Li~­

spiring still ·.Jitl oo 1.:'3.n: soldiers o.nr oLficorn Jrosent., ... tnd tho ~)al­con~l·:;oro ro-.-n~ of 77oundcd r;ol.cli,rn ":lith thelr hoadG or :1rJm b~rH.c.,c;ed, sittin~;

7li th tho n 1rsen fro~n tl ei r honr>i to. n. .... t seom~ d FO derfu.l o t inr: of ~ ov' ".:tni ted a co· nLry is in the timo o ~m.r , for hero i! the n.udie;1co wer o the c .. ristocracy Of .,r~nce , - tho "':0 aliot::> Of for. ~r timec, S t:;.nclinc Ui" to ttlO ~mrncillcdse. Before t:1e ·.:ar the'H n'~vor acknowlod~ed the nati onal a i r · .. h it 1 e·vor y;an all a 'iOd to b, p ::..,yoc1 in t.r1oir houses, for to i ·s s rains t 1e i r ancon­tors ,,Jere beLo'1..dO in re ..... rc past.

1in .. ornin_s L.ll the .aris squad vmn"" over to o li ttl cemetery, ncar the Place de la B~stilo, to a cors:~on"" at thL tomb of r;J.fayotte. It s' oulc hn.vo boon im_.-ressi v~:, b~ t be in~ conducted b;_~ the Sons of tho Revol1t i o11 (1·'!ich ·.m.s poor-ly represented) -.~lld havin ... sever"'. I lonC,)Yiindod o · oches, it fell flat. l cl"'..ss-.. 1...-:.lto of mine, vr ... s re_n·esontin~~ the Sons of the R ,volution, and hin co.:'.t -~.:.s cover­ed ;vith insl,.) 1ifica.nt ":'ledals , - all the; more insignificant ,dth the nlnoroufl W" r m dals for bravery, ocon on overy r.ido. After listo~L1~; for an hour to spe ch-or. in the broilinG sun, v:o "fturchod out to a hospi to.l close b:r u.Ld v,ere present at tho intoreGtinr" coromonJr of r~ ::oundo4. serr;o··nt; hoin~: cecorn.tod ..-lith th, '•Croix

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do , erro". Thin wan im{)ressive and a grant contrast to the revious ceremony. A letter from home, the other day, said that people would not beliovo

the stories of the German atrocities in Belgium. It is sic~ening to think that people : t homo aro so wrap )od up in thoir o rn doint:"s that thoy can't comprehend whnt has taken place over horo. How ar~ one c~~ doubt the veracity of the Bryce report, I don't sao. If overyone coul spend ono \,ook in arlo, their vie1s would speedily change. Three more stories are fresh in my mind,- all from first hand reliable sources. ll captain in the ~"'ranch army, whom thou-----know, personally saw with his om eyes, a. olgian woman crucified by the Germans. I o·~~ anyone who in so blind as to doubt that story only shows up his ovm ridicu-louo character. It isn't uorth while arguing with people of that kind. 1.~ little boy of six oointed a toy wooden gun at a Gorman soldier, who shot tho child on the spot. But the . oat torriblo of all was ~;,hat ha.ppenod to a well know Belgian woman. A eerman officer bk~d been quartered in her house for some weeks and on leaving he said to tho woman and the daughter how much he had apY)rociated their hospitality and that ho wanted to give thorn a token of his estoom. Ho want out of the room and returned to present tho wonk~n with the ri )ht hand of her young son, which he had just cut off! Its no use arguing with people. rhe only education is to como over and see for yourself.

To-day is my lust one on the Paris squad, as I louvo for Dunkerque to-morrow, at only two days' notice. l.lthouGh in some \:Tays, I rer:-ret e;oinr;, I am elad in others, as tho :~ork there \?ill bo moro interesting and las'"' monotonous and above all, living in a villa on the oea, with swimminj, aupoaln to mo a lot. It means staying longer than I planned for I have to sign on for throe more months, as the ~rench army won't acca t men at the fron~for a shorter time. A now de-velopment has taken place. One of tho doctor~oro is interested in ~orming an aviation school for •'moricano at Pau, and some of the mon from hore a.re join-ing. It moans six f!lonths' traininr:; before o. man becomes an export pilot. He then has to be accepted by the ronch army and onlisto for the entire war. It will be similar to tho orei~ legion. rhis man frankly admits his idea is to try and get tho United states into tho wnr,- rn.thor a broud stater:1ent to spread about . ~'Dro. ~ M\!..

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