Architecture of St.-Petersburg: yesterday, today and ... · 506 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies

506 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century, September 2007, Crete island, Greece

Architecture of St.-Petersburg: yesterday, today and tomorrow. How Europe to do favourable investments into construction into city, areas and Russia?

J. N. Kazakov, T.M.NikolaevaSt.-Petersburg State Architectural Building University, Russia

• The architecture of a building is interesting and at-tractive. Station of deadlock type. Three glass triangular volumes, divided by four semicircular towers, symbol-ize ways of trains.• At construction qualitative building materials were used: concrete, metal, a brick, glass, a waterproofing, finishing materials, etc. • On the area near to station greater parking of motor transport is organized.

Figure 2: Пр. Five-years periods, д. 1, the Icepalace(Neva р-н).Пр. Five-years periods, д. 1, the Icepalace(Neva р-н).. Five-years periods, д. 1, the Icepalace(Neva р-н).д. 1, the Icepalace(Neva р-н).. 1, the Icepalace(Neva р-н).р-н).-н).н).). The building is constructed in 2004

Advantages:• The site of a building is successful: the house is beside with station of the underground « Prospectus of Bolsheviks ». • The architecture of a building is interesting and attrac-tive. A building by way of round. At the first sight at a facade of the house it becomes clear, that the building carries out public function. On a facade grey panels and glass filling are successfully combined.• At construction qualitative modern building materials were used: concrete, metal, a brick, glass, a waterproof-ing, finishing materials, etc. • On the area a number with a building of underground organizes greater parking of motor transport

ABSTRACT

By the new General plan by 2025 in St.-Petersburg it is planned to construct 130 million кв. M of the realкв. M of the real. M of the real estate (for comparison: now in city nearby 140 million кв.). From them nearby 50 million кв. The m is allo-.). From them nearby 50 million кв. The m is allo-кв. The m is allo-. The m is allo-cated under apartment houses, 30 million кв. M - underкв. M - under. M - under objects of socially-business purpose (hospital, school, hotel and trading complexes). Besides it is supposed to reconstruct 25 million кв. M industrial площадок andкв. M industrial площадок and. M industrial площадок andплощадок and and to add to the city real estate 25-30 million more кв. Mкв. M. M due to development of an engineering infrastructure.

1.INTRODUCTION

Architecture of St.-Petersburg: yesterday, today and to-morrow. How Europe to do favourable investments into construction into city, areas and Russia?

2. MAIN TEXT

2.1 Positive examples of new construction of public buildings outside of the historical center.

Figure 1: �аневский пр., д.67/2, Ladoga Station(Красногварде 1: �аневский пр., д.67/2, Ladoga Station(КрасногвардеLadoga Station(Красногварде Station(КрасногвардеStation(Красногварде(Красногвардейский р-н). The building is constructed in 2003The building is constructed in 2003

Advantages:• The site of a building is successful: the house is beside with station of underground " Ladoga ".

PALENC 2007 - Vol 1.indd 506 3/9/2007 1:25:33 µµ

5072nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century, September 2007, Crete island, Greece

Figure 3 : Finnish пр., д.2 (Vyborg р-н). Business center « Peterпр., д.2 (Vyborg р-н). Business center « Peter., д.2 (Vyborg р-н). Business center « Peterр-н). Business center « Peter-н). Business center « Peterн). Business center « Peter). Business center « Peter Fort ». Joint-Stock Company “Строймонтаж” and ��С��С�� (Consultations of the authors).

Advantages:• The site of a building is successful: is in 15 minutes of walking from station of the underground « Lenin's Area », is on quay of the river of Neva.• The house panel, is constructed in style функционализма. It is interesting by way of: is combi-. It is interesting by way of: is combi-nations of semicircular volumes. The building initially was under construction under a hotel complex. Now here business center.• At construction qualitative building materials were used: concrete, finishing materials, a waterproofing, etc.• Transport situation in area good. A number locates a stop of public transport. A number{line} is a under-ground parking of motor transport.

2.2 Positive examples of construction of inhabited com-plexes in new areas of St.-Petersburg

Figure 4 :Street of Ship builders, megacomplex« The sea Cascade» Василеостровский р-н). Joint-Stock Company “Василеостровский р-н). Joint-Stock Company “ р-н). Joint-Stock Company “р-н). Joint-Stock Company “-н). Joint-Stock Company “н). Joint-Stock Company “). Joint-Stock Company “ ЛенСпецСМУ “,« �Б M. Мамо�ина » and Р��СН (consulta-�Б M. Мамо�ина » and Р��СН (consulta- M. Мамо�ина » and Р��СН (consulta-Мамо�ина » and Р��СН (consulta- » and Р��СН (consulta-Р��СН (consulta- (consulta-tions the authors). A complex of houses with 2000 Is at the clos-ing stage Constructions - up to 2010

Advantages:• Site of buildings successfully: houses are in 15 min-utes of walking from station of underground " Seaside ".

• Complex of buildings разновысотных, кирпи�но-разновысотных, кирпи�но-, кирпи�но-monolithic. The ferro-concrete box has initially been collected, then on ferro-concrete overlappings the brick forming an external wall at home kept within.• Facades of buildings are not plastered, walls are ex-ecuted from the yellow and brown brick harmoniously combined with each other, that favourably distinguishes the house from nearby building.• The basic function of houses - habitation, a ground floor it will be given under public function and shops. It is the most successful example of use of house space. • Highlight of a complex - interesting end of houses, a harmonious combination of glass and a brick.• Building construction in a complex is the modern and progressive approach in the building market.

Figure 5 :Country пр., 1 (Красносельский р-н). « Building trust 5 :Country пр., 1 (Красносельский р-н). « Building trustCountry пр., 1 (Красносельский р-н). « Building trust пр., 1 (Красносельский р-н). « Building trust« Building trust ». The house is in Process of construction

Advantages:• The site of a building is successful: the house is in 15 minutes of walking from station of the underground « prospectus of Veterans ».• The house -monolithic. • The facade of a building will not be plastered, the wall is carried out from the grey and red brick harmoniously combined with each other, that favourably distinguish-ing the house from nearby building



Figure 6 :The Vyborg highway, 5 (Vyborg р-н).The Residentialр-н).The Residential-н).The Residentialн).The Residential).The Residential building.2007

Advantages:• Site of a building successful: the house is located by a number with station of underground "Озерки". Sur-rounding building practically has been completely gen-erated in 90th years of XX century.• The building has an original architectural image. A building varies gradually from 12 floors till 19-20. Above the highest vertical volume there is the glass tur-ret directing upwards.• The color scale of facades of the house is picked successfully up. The basic plane of an external wall has светло yellow painting. Brownish inserts andсветло yellow painting. Brownish inserts and yellow painting. Brownish inserts and остекление with a dark brown shade divide a facade with a dark brown shade divide a facade on a vertical.• On an external facade of the house various kinds of building materials are combined: a brick, a natural stone, glass, that favourably distinguishes the given house from surrounding building and raises architectur-ally-artistic image buildings. The given building mate-rials of high quality.• Transport situation in area favorable. A number lo-cates station of underground "Озерки", a stop of public transport and fixed-route taxis. A number is available a parking for cars.• Ground floors of the house are given under socially-

business function. A lay-out of apartments good.• Lacks:• Near to the house there are no green plantings.

2.3 Positive examples of reconstruction and restoration of the buildings constructed during Soviet time.:Moscow �р., �.143 (Moscow р-н) The building is con-�р., �.143 (Moscow р-н) The building is con-., �.143 (Moscow р-н) The building is con-р-н) The building is con--н) The building is con-н) The building is con-) The building is con-structed in first half XXCenturies, in style of a Stalin empire style. roject insti-tute. Reconstruction 2005-2007

Advantages:• Site of a building successful: it is located by a number with station of underground " Electric power". The main facade the building leaves on the Moscow prospectus - the governmental line of St.-Petersburg.• Architecture of a building is grate, partitionings of the house are brightly expressed, that corresponds to style. • At the moment the building is built on. Walls of a ground floor of a built on part, probably are already erected, the building will come to the end with a pent-house as it is made in a back part of the house.• Lacks:• Directly near to the house there is no parking of motor transport.• On a facade of the house it is a lot of inscriptions of the advertising maintenance that breaks a general impres-sion from the house.

2.4 Positive examples of reconstruction and restoration of residential buildings in the historical center of Pe-tersburg.:2-nd street Krasnoarmejskaja, 9 Admiralty р-н).р-н).-н).н).). «�а�т�трой�. The building is on crossing of streets by�а�т�трой�. The building is on crossing of streets by». The building is on crossing of streets by 2-nd �ра�ноарм�й��ой and Egorov.200��ра�ноарм�й��ой and Egorov.200� and Egorov.2007It is constructed in the middle of XIX century in style “Clas-sicism”. It is built on in 2006 Penthouse, The elite house.Advantages: • Site of a building successful because the architecture of a building is adequately entered in style of an envi-ronment. The building is in an angular site of quarter of a housing estate of the given area.• The constructive scheme f a building - longitudinal bearing rock walls, that also allows to use internal space of the house most flexibly and rationally.• The building is restored. During restoration works modern qualitative building materials were used.• The color scale of the house is picked successfully up. Double-glazed windows with brown reliures are adequate-ly combined with the general color scale of a building.• The new penthouse was well entered in shape of the old house. With the advent of the fifth mansard floor the useful area of a building has increased.


5092nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century, September 2007, Crete island, Greece

Image 5:Elite trading complex « Vladimir Passage ». (central р-н). The building is constructed in second halfр-н). The building is constructed in second half-н). The building is constructed in second halfн). The building is constructed in second half). The building is constructed in second half XIX century In a modernist style. Reconstruction 2005

2.5 Negative examples of reconstruction and restora-tion of residential buildings in the historical center of Petersburg:Country �р., 42 (centralArea). It is executed in eclectic style.�р., 42 (centralArea). It is executed in eclectic style.., 42 (centralArea). It is executed in eclectic style.Lacks:• Restoration of a building is required.• The obverse facade of a building is strongly polluted.• The superstructure of a building strongly differs from other building on color and• To character of architecture.• The roof and balconies of a building demand repair.• The significant damage is put to a building transport. • The decor of a building in some places is lost.• The parking of motor transport is a problem in the given area.Advantages: Site in city centre.Part 2. How the Europe to do favourable investments into construction into city, areas and Russia?Typical a rating-mistake of foreign architects and investors:• Easier to receive profit - «Тойота» Japan.Тойота» Japan.» Japan.• To construct quickly and all.• To construct cheaply - «Кнауф», Germany.Кнауф», Germany.», Germany.• To construct simply beautifully.• Easier to declare itself - « �оменик Перро » France.�оменик Перро » France. Перро » France.Перро » France. » France.• Rough export of ideas - « the Baltic Pearl », China.• High self-conceit.• Ignorance of local building laws - "Siemens" of Germany.• Ignorance of the order of the coordination, examina-tion and realization of the project.Recommendations Р��СН:Р��СН::• Should be precise and transparent - mission of the company.• The philosophy should be based on - theories of a stra-tegic alliance.• The concept - safety and mobility of architecture.• To take in providers - the authoritative local company.• To receive - independent audit of the projects.• To prepare - for public opinion for acceptance of for-eign hits.• Of enemies to do - нейтралов.нейтралов..• From нейтралов to do partners.нейтралов to do partners. to do partners.• To show - in Germany the objects.• To receive - political support.• To adapt the project.To order and study in Р��СН materials-hits:Р��СН materials-hits: materials-hits:• The general plan of SPb up to 2025• General characteristic of the market in city and areas.• What are - risks and dangers.

• Features of housing construction.• The order of the coordination and realization of projects.• Ratings of the building and design organizations.• Activity of the foreign companies.• Planned - the international competitions of architec-ture in region.• Ways of lawful lobbying of the interests. Concrete projects:• The first and most significant project is, certainly, the General plan of St.-Petersburg up to 2025г. The Over-all objective of the General plan should be not interme-diate beautiful and greater figures by quantity of under construction apartment houses, not millions euro of for-eign investments, and - preservation safe, favorable and comfortable for all inhabitants of the city environment, architectural and historical and cultural uniqueness of St.-Petersburg for present and the future generations. Examples of such concrete quantitative specifications-standards can be: an accessible floor space on 1 , quan-tity still living in emergency and municipal apartments, time of a trip of people for work, an arrival time of first aid to sick inhabitants, quantity of failures in housing and communal services, etc.• The second important project is the Baltic Pearl. The academy considers the given project as a unique op-portunity for our city to create essentially new inhab-ited comfortable environment in scale of indicative one large quarter.• The third complex project is a Sea terminal on island Vasilevskom. Our Branch 3 members has entered in of-fered by her and the special new body created city KGA - the Board of guardians on realization of the given project. It is recommended to its investor of Joint-Stock Company « Sea facade » to pay the main attention to most challenges: unreliability of the new alluvial basis, infringement of ecology in water areas, negative factors of new powerful tourist streams with noise and a dirt through all unique island, architectural style of building• Apartment houses of the first mass series. The govern-ment of city and private investors should generate im-mediately political will, to develop new « the Program … » instead of old 1999 Acceptance and realization with 2006 of the Moscow variant сноса and new con-сноса and new con- and new con-struction of high-altitude habitation in a complex with an infrastructure. A finding of balances of interests: in-habitants - authority - business - ecology.• Improvement of professional skill of the non-production personnel and workers. To committee on construction and new Service to publish statutory acts on compulsion of a new kind of training of builders of city according to new standard ISO 17024 - personal certification of workers under the international stan-



dards of safety, quality, management in construction. The first 100 voluntary experts are already certificated in СПбГ�СУ together with Р��СН.СПбГ�СУ together with Р��СН. together with Р��СН.Р��СН..• Earnings ��КС and the Government at participation��КС and the Government at participation and the Government at participation «ЛенСпецСМУ», “Firms Petrotrest”, «Строймонтаж»ЛенСпецСМУ», “Firms Petrotrest”, «Строймонтаж»», “Firms Petrotrest”, «Строймонтаж»Строймонтаж»» and other largest companies of new legal mechanisms on regulation of the market in city - the Law of SPb and Decisions « About accreditation of the organiza-tions in a building complex of St.-Petersburg ». The purpose - rescue from “tsunami” which approximately with 1/1/2007 will cover city and all Russia - liquida-tion of licensing of building activity. Creation of work-ing group on formation within the limits of city of the regional new system of accreditation - regulations of ar-rival on the market of new players. Otherwise to us the new stream of not profile firms-somethings ephemeral on washing up of the capital.• Development and realization by the Government, ��КС, Р��СН, large business and banks of new tech-, Р��СН, large business and banks of new tech-Р��СН, large business and banks of new tech-, large business and banks of new tech-nical mechanisms - « Technical rules on safety and quality of construction in St.-Petersburg ». The purpose - opposition to federal plans of creation of rules « under Moscow and large oligarches of cement, etc. ». To show the first the initiative and to send in МинпромэнергоМинпромэнерго and МРР our the general consolidated, instead of theМРР our the general consolidated, instead of the our the general consolidated, instead of the isolated offers « a long package » . Harmonization of interests of inhabitants - authorities – business.

CONCLUSIONS

• Carried out research Р��СН has shown, that the ar-Р��СН has shown, that the ar- has shown, that the ar-chitecture and construction in St.-Petersburg and Len-ingrad region is characterized by positive dynamics of development on all quantitative and to quality indica-tors within last several years. An investment climate for investors and builders from the Europe for creation of the new organizations, including the operating compa-nies and генподр�дных firms, for construction of newгенподр�дных firms, for construction of new firms, for construction of new apartment houses in city - favorable.• The building complex of Petersburg is recognized by the best in Russia and награжден Certificate of honourнагражден Certificate of honour Certificate of honour Росстро�..• The control system of a building complex of St.-Pe-tersburg is constantly improved, Coordination advice on construction in particular is created, work of the building commission is renewed, release of new territo-rial building norms is adjusted. Work above the General plan of St.-Petersburg is completed. In its concept two basic directions are certain: housing construction and a transport infrastructure. The territorial resource of city allows to develop all spheres of economy within the limits of geography which keeps within jurisdiction of St.-Petersburg as the subject of the Russian Federation

the area 1400 кв. Km.кв. Km.. Km.• By the new General plan by 2025 in St.-Petersburg it is planned to construct 130 million кв. M of the realкв. M of the real. M of the real estate (for comparison: now in city nearby 140 million кв.). From them nearby 50 million кв. The m is allo-.). From them nearby 50 million кв. The m is allo-кв. The m is allo-. The m is allo-cated under apartment houses, 30 million кв. M - underкв. M - under. M - under objects of socially-business purpose (hospital, school, hotel, бизнесцентры and trading complexes). Besidesбизнесцентры and trading complexes). Besides and trading complexes). Besides it is supposed to reconstruct 25 million кв. M industrialкв. M industrial. M industrial площадок and to add to the city real estate 25-30 mil- and to add to the city real estate 25-30 mil-lion more кв. M due to development of an engineeringкв. M due to development of an engineering. M due to development of an engineering infrastructure.• For realization especially significant for city of large strategic projects specialized working groups with par-ticipation of representatives of the Government of St.-Petersburg and investors are created; it is allocated in an independent direction and work on development of territories with attraction for these purposes of large in-vestors is systematized. To recover investment streams, the government together with city legislature has started to work on perfection of the regional legislation.• The project of the governmental order « About the state-ment of the address list of lacunas in the incorporated security zone of the historical center of St.-Petersburg » which will allow to make active moving of emergency and shabby habitation for its subsequent reconstruction is prepared. The governmental order « About sale at the tenders of the settled buildings and the ground areas on which they are located » is accepted. • The leading organizations in St.-Petersburg, Lenin-grad region and С�ФО in Russia in the field of scientif-С�ФО in Russia in the field of scientif- in Russia in the field of scientif-ic support and consulting-services on development and realizations of the largest investment building projects together with the Governments of city and area are the oldest in the country official bodies - the Russian Acad-emy of architecture and building sciences (Р��СН) andР��СН) and) and СПбГ�СУ.. • 190005, Russia, Saint-Petersburg, 2-nd Krasnoarmei-skaia st., 4, SPBGASU, RAASN, of.119-E, [email protected], т-ф. +7 812 316 43 13.т-ф. +7 812 316 43 13.-ф. +7 812 316 43 13.ф. +7 812 316 43 13.. +7 812 316 43 13.


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Architecture of St.-Petersburg: yesterday, today and ... · 506 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Advanced Ventilation Technologies