Architecture Chapter-1 Overview of Campus Planning.pdf

8/11/2019 Architecture Chapter-1 Overview of Campus Planning.pdf

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E2-E3 Technical Architecture Rev date: 11-03-11

For Internal Circulation Only Page: 1 BSNL, India

Chapter-1

CAMPUS

PLANNING

Sangeeta Gangwar, Dy. Dir. (BS-Arch.), 9412739231 (m)E-mail ID: [email protected]


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IntroductionIDEAL CAMPUS

The campus is the physical environment created when building is constructed to allowthe idea to flourish. A campus has been compared to a city on a small scale because itprovides most of the needs for the community. Unlike a city, however, the campus isnon-commercial and primarily a place of study. The campus, therefore, ought to be aclosely with unified cluster of buildings with intimate pedestrian open spaces providing aunique environment for living and studying it should ideally be a quiet, comfortableoasis apart from the normallyBusy, Noisy, CongestedWorld in this sense a campus should be more like a residential suburb or dark than a city

Each of these zones requires different and special study design techniques to plan energyefficient buildings.The energy requirement of building depend upon various factors like comfort levels,location of building usage of building etc.

CLIMATE ZONES (EXAMPLE)

1. Hot & Dry Rajasthan

2. Warm & Humid Sea Costal(Kerala, Mumbai etc)

3. Moderate Banglore

4. Cold & Cloudy Hills(Massurie, Shimla, Nanital)

5. Cold & Sunny Northern IndiaFoot Hill, Dehradun etc.

6. Cloudy & Rainy ChirapunjiNorth Eastern Region

7. Composite Like DelhiExtreme for Weather


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Input Data-Pre Planning Stage


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(1) Sources of household income Agnarian Building consts Manufacture Transport Communication Public authority utilization

Finance Amusement recreation Professional Others Matrix of number employed and

levels of income

(2) Household Expenditure Food Household goods Clothing Transport Fuel Services Housing Entertainment

Security Taxes Health Others Matrix of expenditure Each sector for level of income

Modern data for urban & regional planning information systems (Comp. based)


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Built Environment system the expectations from the building or built environmentare as under:-

1. To provide utility/function, firmness, delight, etc. In/On time and the right price.2. To provide shelter

3.

To admit daylight4. To exclude/minimize noise5. To resist snow6. To exclude rain7. To resist wind loads8. To provide ventilation9. To allow views to create views-prospect10. To resist soil & hydrostatic pressure11. To exclude damp12. To provide external doors for access with security13. To provide insulation of sound

14. To provide structural safety15. To provide fire safety

16. To take care of health safety17. To impart constructional safety18. To create a desirable environment to perform activities inside and outside the

building so as to improve the efficiency and comfort of the user, with anaesthetical background.

Hence, one would provide for all these different consideration in architecture.Creation of an environment inside the building in known as three dimensionalarchitecture, while creation of the same outside the building is known as twodimensional architecture.

Design & detail construction data

Openings & Window

Relatively small operating reduce immense radiation. Windows should be shiftedfrom kech radiation and set high to protect from ground radiation. Openingsshould be tight closing as protection against high durnal heat. External shades arepreferred. Openings should be located on S, N, and to A lesser degree, on E side.

WallsWalls of daytime living area should of heat storing materials; walls of night userooms of materials with light heat capacity. E and W walls should preferably beshaded high reflective qualities are desirable for both hermal and solar radiation.


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RoofGenerally, heat storage insulation is best, which uses the fly-wheel of outgoing

radiation for daily heat balance. However a shaded, ventilated roof is alsoapplicable, primarily over night user rooms. Water spray or

ShadingDevices should be separate from structure, and exposed to wind convection.

Foundation BasementLithosphere type of houses are possible in this zone.

Mechanical EquipmentEquipment should have high operating efficiency in heat producing devices, suchas those for cooking.


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Basic component of the campusStudy of trends in campus design case study.

Site analysis

Conceptual Plan

Finalization of Concept

Zoning Plan

Site Layout

Development Plan

Circulation

Landscape ServiceDetail Plan

Building andservice system

check

Climatic factored

check

Detailed programs

Development plan

GROWTH AND CHANGE

Campus design must anticipate, as nearly as possible, the nature of probable growth andchange. Providing flexibility and indeterminacy, is perhaps the greatest challenge to theArchitect. There are three major aspects to growth and change.(i)First is the overall growth or expansion of facilities caused by increasing

enrollment.

(ii)Second is the differential growth that occurs in various areas of the campusalong with overall growth.


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(iii)The third aspect is the internal flexibility required for changing uses of spacesand services.

A coherence and sense of identity for all parts must be maintained in the design as a

whole while certain parts remain incomplete. To do so demands a discipline, a kind ofpre- designed matrix or systems fabric that will insure order in future development,without being too restrictive.

SIZE The ideal size for a campus depends upon individual circumstances.

(i) The demands on the campus(ii) The location of the campus, the type of instruction, all influence the size.

Experience has shown that when an ultimate size was predetermined, theuniversity often continued to grow beyond what was originally consideredbest.

(iii)

A major controlling factor is walking distance. Ten minutes from hostel to classroom is considered a maximum allowable walking distance. Three tofive minutes is optimum. When growth endangers convenience, comfort andefficiency..

HUMAN NEEDS

In an ideal campus environment, regardless of size, classrooms and living spaces shouldbe related for the convenience of pedestrian occupants and closely linked to the qualitiesof the natural setting.Since a campus is for people, it must be designed to the measure of man himself, hisphysical dimensions, his senses his habits, responses and impulses. Moreover, the mindof man his intellect, instincts and ambitions, must be satisfied. To merely accommodatehim is not enough. Students and staff alike should be delighted and inspired if the campusenvironment is to fulfill its potential.

Unfortunately, however, few buildings on university campuses in India give littleevidence of having been planned with proper regard for such obvious factors as

(I) prevailing winds,(II) solar radiation and(III) Monsoon rains that should have influenced orientation form, use of materials etc.appropriateness and simple beauty testify more than anything else to the importance ofunderstanding the needs of man and the careful application of design principles tocampus design problems so that those needs may be met.


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1. CONCENTRIC PATTERN OF GROWTH

The central area of core of the campus be comes tightly enclosed and successive

rings of development shut in and prevent selective expansion.

3. THE ZONAL PATTERN OF GROWTH

Typical plan; zones allocated specifically to academic, residential or recreational;

handicapping (something that hinders or is a disadvantage) or something integration ofcampus activities.


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CHANGE IN APPROCH AFFECTING FORM

Scale has been respected and there has been a continuing consistency in rooflines, missing, relationships and fenestration.

General consistency has prevailed in selecting materials, in creating a series ofdesign recalls and themes, and in relating proportion, color and texture.

Full respect has been given to neighboring buildings and existing spatial qualitiesin the sitting of buildings.

Each new building has been considered as a completing element or furtherrefinement of spatial order and sequence of campus spaces.

Each new building and the landscape are blended so the spatial order is strengthended rather than being disturbed.

EXAMPLE:

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURMost important to the Institute was the decision to establish a curriculum designed toevoke interaction between students and teacher in different disciplines. The old idea ofseparating activities and planning divisions was discarded, and planning by function,rather than by discipline, controls the development of the campus.

NATURE OF THE CAMPUS COMMUNITYThe site is flat with a canal on one side and a transportation route on the other, linking itto the Industrial centre of Kanpur. The academic complex, centrally located on the site,a single entity, supported by an infra-structure of buildings, spaces, landscape and servicesystem. The arrangement provides spatial variety within an ordered unity.Pedestrian and vehicular traffic are completely segregated to keep the core of theacademic complex free from traffic noise and conflict.Places of interaction in corridors and courts are provided along the pedestrian movementsystem which is on more than one level. The building is harmonious in character utilizingexposed concrete frames and local naturally exposed red and brick curtain walls. Floors

are mostly of low maintenance terrazzo. The building forms are open with linkingcorridors and spaces penetrating through, uniquely providing shelter from an extremelyhot sun, yet allowing welcome breezes.


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The campus provides for 2400 students and 500 staff with the possibility of

doubling the present capacity. The residential areas adjoin the academic complex to provide a plannedneighborhood unit with provision for such community needs as

Shops primary school Hospital Post office and bank. The area of the campus is 800 acres.

SIGNIFICANCE FOR TODAY

Most importantly, the Institution established progressive objectives in the beginning.Secondly. Building program was prepared stating the specific requirements for physicalfacilities, proportionate with the needs and objectives of the educational program.The building program provided for phasing of construction according to the expandingrequirements of the growing institution.

OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING FORM The nature of site. Climatic conditions. Available materials and Local Technology .

While pre established patterns of an older campus which must be appreciated andcomplemented in further growth, often determine the form and approach; in the design ofnew campuses, the educational philosophy or the nature of the site usually has thegreatest influence.


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Documents

Architecture Chapter-1 Overview of Campus Planning.pdf