Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Ikauna Layered Intrusion ... · Ikauna Layered Igneous Intrusive complex located around Mad-awara to Ikauna regions of Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh (Figure

Arch & Anthropol Open Acc Copyright © Vinod K Singh

Alexander Slabunov1, Svetlana Egorova1, Vinod K Singh2*, Sergei Svetov1 and Santosh Kumar3

1Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russia2Department of Geology, Bundelkhand University, India3Department of Geology, Kumaon University, India

*Corresponding author: Vinod K Singh, Department of Geology, Bundelkhand University, India

Submission: July 02, 2018; Published: September 25, 2018

Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Ikauna Layered Intrusion, Bundelkhand Craton, India:

Petrography and Geochemistry

Review Article

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ISSN: 2577-1949

Abstract

The mafic-ultramafic Ikauna intrusion is a well-differentiated complex comprising dunite (serpentinite), pyroxenite, gabbro and gabbro-pegmatite in southern part of the Bundelkhand craton. The metagabbro samples are characterized by Rb and Ba enrichment and positive Sr and Eu anomalies, as would be expected for the presence of cumulus plagioclase. The meta-dunites and metapyroxenites are marked by lower trace element abundances than the metagabbros and negative Sr anomalies, which might be related to fractional crystallization of plagioclase. The compositional characteristics of the Ikauna intrusion rocks discussed suggest that they are comparable with the layered intrusions of the peridotite-gabbronorite complex characteristic of the Karelian craton.

Keywords: Archean; layered intrusion; Bundelkhand craton; Mafic-ultramafic

Introduction

Figure 1: Geological map of Madawara-Girar area and Ikauna dunite-pyroxenite-gabbro layered complex (intrusion) location [12,14].

Bundelkhand craton is a protocontinent situated in the center of Indian shield, covers about 29000 km2 areas and constitute acid granitoid complex with lesser amount of metasedimentary, meta basics, with low grade metamorphics of the older crust and quartz veins. The Bundelkhand craton is mostly preserved 3.5-2.5Ga gran-itoids and granite–greenstone terrane [1-7]. The trough/graben and surrounding basins of Bundelkhand craton were filled by thick pile of Bijawar and Vindhyan sediments during Proterozoic times. The craton is seldom studied and its stabilization period was at the end of Archean eon with voluminous granitic magmatism at around 2.5Ga in the Earth’s evolutionary history. The two greenstone com-plexes are reported in the Bundelkhand craton [5,8]. First is the Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex (CBGC), consisting of Ba-bina and Mauranipur greenstone belts, with exposed rocks of TTG and granitoids, mafic–ultramafic, felsic volcanics, minor metased-imentary, and high-K granites [5,6,9]. The second is the Southern Bundelkhand schist complex comprising Girar and Berwar belt. It is occurring small isolated outcrops of quartzite, BIFs, ultramaf-ic rocks. The less studied layered igneous intrusions occurring in southern Bundelkhand craton around Madawara to Ikauna [10-14]. Slabunov et al. [15] indicate that the craton is significance by last endogenic activity at Paleoproterozoic (1.9-1.8Ga) create quartz veins, generally display along NE-SW trend. The major

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How to cite this article: Slabunov A, Egorova S, Singh VK, Svetov S, Kumar S. Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Ikauna Layered Intrusion, Bundelkhand Craton, India: Petrography and Geochemistry. Arch & Anthropol Open Acc .3(suppl-2). AAOA.000557. 2018.DOI: 10.31031/AAOA.2018.03.000557


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lithounits of the Bijawar region are divided in to Mehroni and Man-dawra group and detail stratigraphy is given in the Table 1 [16].The Ikauna Layered Igneous Intrusive complex located around Mad-awara to Ikauna regions of Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh (Figure 1)The concern gaps of present studies are describing petrography and geochemistry of the Ikauna Layered Igneous Intrusive com-plex and it’s assessing with well-established layered intrusions of the peridotite-gabbronorite complex characteristic of the Karelian craton.

Geology of Mafic-Ultramafic Ikauna Complex

The general geology of southern Bundelkhand craton has been discussed in detail by Singh and Slabunov [12]. In the southern Bundelkhand craton lies a large (15 by 6km) poorly studied intru-sion, presumably a lopolith (Figure 1), known as the Ikauna Com-plex. The Madawara-Ikauna terrain comprises peridotite, harzbur-gite, serpentinite, pyroxenites and associated diorite and gabbro.

Disseminated lensoidal exposures of these rocks are occurring around the Madawara areas for more than 400 km2 in the Southern part of the craton [10-14]. Figure 2 show the different kind of rock exposures of serpentinite, metagabbro, gabbro-pegmatite and Neo-archean potash granite intrusion in gabbroic rocks exposed around Ikauna area. This mafic-ultramafic rocks lie among Archean rocks of Bundelkhand granitoids, Rajaula Formation and apparently cut them, which determine the lower levels of their age. There are in-direct, the demanding checks, data that rocks of Ikauna Complex cut by Neoarchean potash granite (Figure 2) and Paleoproterozoic doleritic dykes, that defines upper levels of their age. Thus, the geo-logical ages of this mafic-ultramafic complex are Archean There are newly identified Lalitpur gabbro intrusions which occur towards west of Lalitpur town in the Southern Bundlkhand terrain of the craton too [8]. The preliminary study shows that this massif has not similar characteristics as ultramafic part of Ikauna area which needs more studies for conclusions.

Figure 2: Photos of Ikauna dunite-pyroxenite-gabbro layered complex rocks in outcrops: a) Serpentinite (Metadunite) with relict of panautomorphic texture in Madawara (scale on compass-in cm); b) Metagabbro in canal near Ikauna (scale on compass-in cm). c) Gabbro-pegmatite veins in gabbro (compass-10 cm). d) Metagabbro cut by K-rich granite in canal near Ikauna (hammer – 35 cm).

Table 1: Stratigraphy of Madawara Block, Lalitpur Disrtict, Uttar Pradesh [12,16].

Mandawra Group

Mandawra For-mation

Jasperoid filling shear zones

Quartz veins, pegmatite, graphic granite

Dolerite dykes

Gabbro and basalt (???)

Bijawar Group Conglomerate, carbonate, shale, sandstone, phosphate

~~~~~~~~~~~~unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Bundelkhand K-rich granite cut all previous exposed rocks

Ikauna Complex Layered Igneous Intrusive body: Peridotite, pyroxenite (partially altered to serpentinite and talc-actinolite schist) and ultramafics

Mehroni Group

Berwar Forma-tion Iron formation, quartzite, carbonates, slates, conglomerate (Southern Bundelkhand metasedimentary complex)

~~~~~~~~~~~~unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Rajaula Forma-tion Biotite-feldspar gneiss, chlorite-biotite schist, granodiorite, metabasalt

Bundelkhand granitoids as basement (not seen ???)

http://dx.doi.org/10.31031/AAOA.2018.03.000557




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Petrography and Chemical Composition

Fourteen samples were collected from main types of rocks from Ikauna mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion in this study. Nine samples were analysed for the whole-rock major and trace element

compositions (Table 2). The chemical composition of the rocks was determined at the Testing and Matter Analysis Centre, Institute of Geology, KarRC, RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia [8]. Thoroughly thin sections studies of all samples have been considered for detailed petrogaphy.

Table 2: Major (wt.%) and trace (ppm) element analytical data of Ikauna complex, Bundelkhand craton, India.

Sample Name GE15-1/1 GE15-2/1 GE15-5/1 GE15-36/1 GE15-38/1

GE15-42/1 GE15-5/2 GE15-5/3 GE15-6/1

Rock Type Piroxenite Dunite Piroxenite Serpeninite Gabbro Gabbro GabbroGab-

bro-Pegma-tite

Epidozite

SiO2 38.4 38.04 48.9 37.92 49.5 50.48 49.28 49.88 42.46

TiO2 0.21 0.2 0.29 0.21 0.35 0.5 0.35 0.4 1

Al2O3 4.06 3.02 5.58 3.53 16.4 16.27 15.23 17.16 17.17

Fe2O3 6.18 5.22 4.57 4.46 1.76 5.89 2.82 2.28 7.93

FeO 4.31 3.87 6.32 5.67 6.6 5.89 6.03 5.02 3.3

MnO 0.145 0.16 0.147 0.107 0.143 0.135 0.154 0.146 0.163

MgO 34.77 35.82 23.73 34.9 9.25 8.63 9.68 8.1 5.89

CaO 0.21 0.5 4.56 0.36 11.52 12.83 10.8 10.65 19.5

Na2O 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 2.63 2.73 2.73 3.27 0.08

K2O 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.4 0.41 0.4 0.24 0.01

P2O5 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.2

H2O 0.4 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.02 0.14 0.08 0.36 0.06

LOI 10.44 12.16 4.7 1.3 1.19 0.58 2.13 2.1 1.96

Li 2.52 0.54 1.88 0.54 4.99 8.79 8.68 8.22 0.99

Be 0.1 0.2 0.161 0.25 0.29 0.3 0.4 2.61

P 153.7 167.9 99.88 157.2 152.5 182 116.7 179.3 449.6

Sc 15.41 11.57 17.93 12.39 19.37 22.86 18.04 19.93 28.67

Ti 971.5 932.6 1140 807.1 1749 2554 1758 2069 5657

V 345.5 94.3 98.69 246.2 74.82 78.36 80.84 86.52 118.2

Cr 6464 2619 3837 7093 348 798.7 321.9 361.9 199.2

Mn 1341 1423 1034 984 1032 955 1159 1091 1123

Co 129.5 123.6 76.45 117 50.49 37.71 51.8 42.53 38.15

Ni 1991 2507 863.3 2182 232.2 183.1 252.5 205.6 147.8

Cu 22 15.08 10.6 10.72 21.18 53.25 118 32.88 14.02

Zn 99.65 95.15 79.18 72.15 56.29 53.29 85.55 80.28 77.27

Ga 10.09 10.19 8.69 10.23 40.66

Rb 0.856 0.18 0.79 0.402 6.91 9.14 8.95 8.08 0.61

Sr 3.357 14.42 26.07 13.03 345.8 312.3 249.9 413.1 3478

Y 2.98 2.72 2.72 3.11 3.74 4.96 3.68 4.05 16.48

Zr 14.78 4.72 3.94 13.47 9.76 9 6.25 11.89 39.44

Nb 0.85 1.04 0.6 0.79 1.3 1.86 1.16 2.17 4.45

Mo 0.19 0.34 0.22 0.33 0.57 0.94 0.74 0.53 1.34

Ag 0.05 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.15 0.07 0.1

Cd 0.07 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.05 0.11

Sn 0.92 0.8 0.58 0.93 0.83 0.89 0.67 0.77 1.55

Sb 0.51 0.36 0.19 0.73 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.28 0.32





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Te 0.21 0.58 0.29

Cs 0.15 0.09 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.25 0.47 0.41 0.05

Ba 9.91 10.51 14.92 7.1 81.12 93.46 69.59 86.38 23.92

La 2.51 1.9 1.87 2.27 2.81 4.18 2.63 4.28 7.26

Ce 3.09 3.29 2.99 3.73 5.69 7.95 5.57 7.99 14.7

Pr 0.56 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.82 1.17 0.87 1.11 2.19

Nd 2.29 1.85 1.98 2.15 3.84 5.41 3.95 4.42 10.06

Sm 0.47 0.43 0.43 0.5 0.88 1.19 0.9 0.93 2.7

Eu 0.14 0.19 0.2 0.15 0.42 0.53 0.49 0.48 0.92

Gd 0.59 0.5 0.49 0.57 0.92 1.19 0.88 1.01 3.15

Tb 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.1 0.14 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.52

Dy 0.63 0.58 0.59 0.68 0.86 1.13 0.88 0.92 3.42

Ho 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.69

Er 0.38 0.32 0.36 0.38 0.44 0.56 0.44 0.48 2

Tm 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.3

Yb 0.37 0.29 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.51 0.39 0.42 1.92

Lu 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.28

Hf 0.38 0.14 0.18 0.33 0.32 0.39 0.26 0.37 1.25

Ta 0.15 0.51 0.21 0.1 0.17 0.18 0.24 0.25 0.41

W 0.57 1.49 0.71 1.14 0.93 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.91

Tl 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.03

Pb 0.56 0.83 0.45 1.48 2.25 5.09 7.53 9.73 29.03

Bi 0.17 0.46 0.19 0.49 0.14 0.26 0.18 0.26 0.77

Th 0.49 0.38 0.24 0.38 0.36 0.62 0.28 0.66 1.35

U 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.62

The mafic-ultramafic Ikauna intrusion is a well-differentiated complex and its petrographic characteristics show essential miner-als of serpentine, amphiboles, plagioclase, tremolite–actinolite and chlorite which comprising dunite (serpentinite) (Figure 3(a-b)), pyroxenite, gabbro (Figure 3(c-d)) and gabbro-pegmatite. Ikauna intrusive rocks vary considerably in composition (Table 2). The dunite contains high MgO (39.14-41.02wt.%), Cr (2619-7093ppm), Ni (1991-2507ppm) and low SiO2 (43.17-43.56wt.%), Al2O3 (3.46-4.57wt.%), CaO (0.24-0.57wt%) and alkali concentrations (Na2O+K2O=0.02 to 0.03wt.%). The gabbro and gabbro-pegmatite have lower MgO (8.26-9.86wt.%), Cr (799ppm) and Ni (252ppm) and higher SiO2 (50.18 wt.% in gabbro and 51.02wt.% in gab-bro-pegmatite), Al2O3 (15.51-17.55wt.%), CaO (10.89-12.28wt.%) and alkali concentrations (Na2O+K2O=3.0 to 3.59wt.%) than Ikau-na intrusion dunites. The position of the points of compositions of Ikauna intrusive rocks on the TAS (SiO2-Na2O+K2O) classification diagram (Figure 4a) [17] for plutonic rocks and in the AFM diagram

(Figure 4b) [18] allow to define them as ultrabasic and basic rocks mainly tholeiitic series. Same fields on these diagrams are charac-teristic for typical mafic-ultramafic Paleoproterozoic layered intru-sions of the Karelian craton (Figure 5). Ni and Cr increases with increasing MgO, consistent with the accumulation of olivine and chromite.

SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO increase with decreasing MgO, consistent with the accumulation of clinopyroxene and plagioclase in gab-bro (Figure 5). Similar rock composition variations trends are characteristic of the Paleoproterozoic layered intrusions of the Karelian craton, e.g. the Kivakka massif [19]. Ikauna intrusion rocks are characterized by a slight enrichment in LREE ((La/Sm)

n=1.8-3.3) and largely unfractionated or a slight depletion in HREE ((Gd/Yb)n=1.1-2). In addition, samples from the metagabbro dis-play a positive Eu anomaly (Figure 6) [20]. The REE patterns of different types of rocks in the Ikauna intrusion have sub-parallel trends, suggesting that the different rock types are related to each





338

other by differentiation of the same primary magma. The trace element abundances and patterns for the different types of rocks in the intrusion are variable. The metagabbro samples are charac-terized by Rb and Ba enrichment and positive Sr and Eu anomalies, as would be expected for the presence of cumulus plagioclase. The metadunites and metapyroxenites are marked by lower trace ele-

ment abundances than the metagabbros and negative Sr anomalies, which might be related to fractional crystallization of plagioclase. The compositional characteristics of the Ikauna intrusive rocks discussed and suggest that they are comparable with the layered intrusions of the peridotite-gabbronorite complex characteristic of the Karelian craton [13,14].

Figure 3: Petrography of Ikauna dunite-pyroxenite-gabbro layered complex rocks: Figure 3(a-b): Photomicrographs of Metadunite (serpentinite).Figure 3(c-d): Gabbro (polarized light (a, c) and cross nicol (b, d)).

Figure 4: Classification diagram Figure 4a: TAS (SiO2 - Na2O + K2O) [17].Figure 4b: AFM diagram [18] for Ikauna intrusion (Bundelkhand craton, India) and Kivakka (Karelian craton, Russia) layered intrusion.





339

Figure 5: Variations in major element vs MgO in Ikauna (Bundelkhand craton) and Kivakka (Karelian craton) layered complexes.

Figure 6: Chondrite-normalized REE [20] patterns in Ikauna layered complex.

Acknowledgement

We thanks for unanimous reviewer for critical comments and Ellen Moore, Tara Minnillo, Archaeology & Anthropology: Open Access journal providing space for special issue ‘Earth Crust Evolution (From Precambrian to Recent)’. We are highly thanks for RFBR (17-55-45005 IND) and DST (INT/RUS/RFBR/P-279) grants for financial support. This work is supported under MOU between

Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India and Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia.

We thanks for unanimous reviewer for critical comments and Ellen Moore, Tara Minnillo, Archaeology & Anthropology: Open Access journal providing space for special issue ‘Earth Crust Evolution (From Precambrian to Recent)’.





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Archean Mafic-Ultramafic Ikauna Layered Intrusion ... · Ikauna Layered Igneous Intrusive complex located around Mad-awara to Ikauna regions of Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh (Figure