Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1, 2 & 3) Acton Quarry ...webaps.halton.ca/Planning/Dufferin Aggregates Acton... · 3.1.1 Natural Environment 3 3.1.2 Previously Known Archaeological

Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1, 2 & 3)

Acton Quarry Extension

Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and

Part of Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4

Town of Halton Hills

Region of Halton, Ontario

Submitted to

St. Lawrence Cement Inc., Dufferin Aggregates

2300 Steeles Avenue West, 4th

Floor, Concord, Ontario L4K 5X6

Tel.: (905) 761-7500, Fax: (905) 761-7505

and

Ontario Ministry of Culture

Prepared by

ARCHAEOLOGIX INC.

14 Oxford Street West, London, Ontario, N6H 1P9

Tel: (519)-642-7836 Fax: (519)-642-7733

Archaeological Licence Number P-001

Project Number 2003-094

CIF# P001-164 & P001-371-2007

November 2008

Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension

Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.

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Table of Contents

Personnel iii

Acknowledgments iii

Project Summary iv

1.0 PURPOSE 1

2.0 STUDY METHODS 1

2.1 Stage 1 Background Research 1

2.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment 3

2.3 Stage 3 Assessment of Site Significance and Information Potential 3

3.0 RESULTS 3

3.1 Stage 1 Background Research 3

3.1.1 Natural Environment 3

3.1.2 Previously Known Archaeological Resources 5

3.1.3 Potential for Historic Archaeological Sites 5

3.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment Results 6

3.2.1 Location 1 (AjHa-25) 6




3.3 Stage 3 Fieldwork 12





4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 38

References Cited 39

Appendix A: Stage 2 Artifact Catalogues 40

Appendix B: Stage 3 Artifact Catalogues 43

Appendix C: Qualifications of Principal Investigator 57



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Personnel

Project Coordinator Jim Wilson, M.A.

Report Production Tracie Carmichael, B.A., B.Ed.

Adria Grant, B.A.

Field Director Adam Hossack, B.A.

Field/Office Assistants Kurt Kostuk

Richard Orr

Sebastian Mejia

Jean-Paul Efford

Chris Gervais

Meaghan Garvie, B.A.

Jenna Myers, B.A.

Bear John

Charlie Felver, B.Sc.

Kyle McQueen

Peter Juknys

Jeni Barton, B.A.

Chris Lemon, B.Sc.

Cassandra Duckworth-Robb

Acknowledgments

The completion of this report was facilitated by the assistance of the following

individuals:

• Robert Von Bitter, Archaeological Data Coordinator, Archaeology Unit, Heritage

Branch, Ontario Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation, Toronto.

• Kevin Mitchell, Resource Development Manager, St. Lawrence Cement, Dufferin

Aggregates, Concorde, Ontario.



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Project Summary

Dufferin Aggregates, a business unit of St. Lawrence Cement Inc. is applying to

expand its Acton Quarry, in the Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of Halton.

The proposed extension areas are located to the north and south of the existing operation.

This report details the required archaeological assessment (Stages 1-3) of the Acton

Quarry Extension, located on Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and Part of

Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4, Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of

Halton, Ontario. The proposed Licence Area is 88.3 hectares (218.2 acres). This

assessment was undertaken as part of a Class A License, Category 2 – Quarry Below

Water Application, in accordance with Sections 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of the Aggregate

Resources Act Provincial Standards.

The study area is comprised primarily of areas of overgrown pasture, ploughed

agricultural fields, hard wood bush, steep slopes and poorly drained areas. All areas that

could not be ploughed were assessed using the shovel test pit method at a five metre

interval, while the area of ploughed agricultural field was assessed using the pedestrian

transect method at a five-meter interval. The areas of steep slope and poor drainage were

judged to have low archaeological potential and were not assessed.

The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four previously

unregistered 19th

Century Euro-Canadian sites (Locations 1, 2, 3 & 4). Additional Stage 3

assessment was recommended for all four locations (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and

AjHa-30) to further evaluate their significance and information potential. The Stage 3

testing of AjHa-27 led to the determination that the site dates relatively late in the 19th

century and no additional assessment is recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at AjHa-

25, AjHa-26 and AjHa-30 resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid

19th

century cultural material. Consequently, these sites will require further Stage 4

assessment in advance of any ground disturbance in these areas.

The Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations

presented in this report and issue a standard letter of concurrence. As additional

archaeological assessment is still required, a letter of clearance is not requested for the

subject property at this time.

Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1, 2 & 3)

Acton Quarry Extension

Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and

Part of Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4

Town of Halton Hills

Region of Halton, Ontario

1.0 PURPOSE

Dufferin Aggregates, a business unit of St. Lawrence Cement Inc. is applying to










The Stage 2-3 fieldwork was conducted between October 22nd

and November 12th

2003, June 6th

and June 10th

2004 and September 24th

and September 28th

, 2007 under

archaeological consulting licence P001, issued to Jim Wilson by the Minister of Culture.

The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four previously unregistered

19th

Century Euro-Canadian sites (Locations 1, 2, 3 & 4). Additional Stage 3 assessment

was recommended for all four locations (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30) to

further evaluate their significance and information potential. The Stage 3 testing of

AjHa-27 led to the determination that the site dates relatively late in the 19th

century and

no additional assessment is recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at AjHa-25, AjHa-26

and AjHa-30 resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19th

century

cultural material. Consequently, these sites will require further Stage 4 assessment in

advance of any ground disturbance in these areas.

2.0 STUDY METHODS 2.1 Stage 1 Background Research

In compliance with the provincial regulations set out in the “Archaeological

Assessment Technical Guidelines” (MCzCR 1993), the Stage 1 Archaeological

Overview/Background Study included;

• a review of the land use history, including pertinent historic maps; and

• an examination of the National Site Registration Database to determine the

presence of known archaeological sites in and around the project area.



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Figure 1: Location of the Study Area



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2.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment

The study area is comprised primarily of areas of overgrown pasture, ploughed

agricultural fields, hard wood bush, steep slopes and poorly drained areas. All areas that

could not be ploughed were assessed using the shovel test pit method at a five metre

interval, while the area of ploughed agricultural field was assessed using the pedestrian

transect method at a five-meter interval. The areas of steep slope and poor drainage were

judged to have low archaeological potential and were not assessed.

Figure 3 maps the areas assessed and techniques employed. Each test pit was

excavated to subsoil, and all soil was screened through 6mm hardware cloth to facilitate

the recovery of artifacts. Each test unit was approximately 30 centimeters in diameter,

and was back filled. In the event that an artifact was encountered during the pedestrian

assessment, survey intervals were intensified to one metre within a twenty metre radius of

the find. The ploughed agricultural fields at the time of the assessment were well

weathered and the visibility was judged to be 100%. The weather during the assessment

was sunny and cool, and there were no conditions detrimental to the recovery of

archaeological remains. Permission to enter the study area and to remove artifacts was

provided by Kevin Mitchell, Resource Development Manager, St. Lawrence Cement,

Dufferin Aggregates. All artifacts recovered during the assessment will be temporarily

housed at the corporate head office of Archaeologix Inc. until such time that

arrangements can be made for their permanent transfer to the Ministry of Culture

collections facility.

2.3 Stage 3 Assessment of Site Significance and Information Potential

The Stage 3 assessment included the mapping of the surface artifact distribution,

as well as the hand excavation of a series of one metre square test units strategically

placed to sample the nature and density of the cultural deposits. A permanent datum was

established and a five-meter grid was laid out from this point. The five-meter units were

referred to by the intersection coordinates of their southwest corner. Each five-metre

square was divided into 25 one-meter units, with sub-square number one located in the

southwest corner of the five-meter unit, number five in the southeast corner, number six

located immediately north of number one, and so on. Each one-meter square test unit was

excavated to subsoil, with all soil screened through 9mm hardware cloth to facilitate the

recovery of small artifacts. All excavated artifacts were retained for laboratory analysis

and description.

3.0 RESULTS

3.1 Background Research

3.1.1 The Physical Setting

The study area straddles the “Horseshoe Moraines” and “Flamborough Plain”

physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 127-130).



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Figure 2: A Portion of the 1877 Historical Atlas of Halton County

N

S.

E

W

Study Area



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In the Horseshoe Moraines,

From the edge of the escarpment in the Town of Caledon the moraines trend

somewhat west of the Niagara Escarpment forming a belt of moderately hilly

relief….Associated with the moraines is a system of old spillways with broad

gravel terraces and swampy floors…..Good cross-sections of this landscape

may be seen along Highway 7 from Rockwood to Georgetown.

Chapman and Putnam, 1984:128

While the Flamborough Plain is

An isolated tract of shallow drift on the Niagara cuesta…It is an area of about

150 square miles, bounded on the northwest by the Galt Moraine, and on the

south by the silts and sands of glacial Lake Warren. A few drumlins are found

scattered over this limestone plain and swamps are plentiful. The limestone

has been swept bare in places…what little overburden there is on the bedrock,

apart from the drumlins, is either bouldery glacial till or sand and

gravel…Good soil is not plentiful in the little region: the soil is either wet or

stony and shallow.

Chapman & Putnam, 1984:129-130

The closest source of potable water is a branch of the Sixteen Mile Creek which

runs along the western and eastern edges of the study area, just outside the limits of

assessment (Figure 1). The branches of the Sixteen Mile Creek that are illustrated as

transecting the property are seasonal and were not visible during the Stage 2 assessment.

The soils are relatively shallow, with the underlying dolostone bedrock visible on the

surface in numerous locations in the areas subject to test pit assessment. The southeastern

margin of the study area consists of the actual Niagara Escarpment face. For additional

information on the regional physiography, refer to the Geology and Water Resources

Assessment Report, Acton Quarry Extension – Town of Halton Hills, Ontario (2008)

Conestoga Rovers and Associates. 3.1.2 Previously Known Archaeological Resources

Previous archaeological assessments and research surveys have demonstrated that

the Acton area was intensively utilized by pre-contact Aboriginal peoples. At present there

are only two registered Aboriginal archaeological sites within 2.0 km of the study area.

The Borden numbers for these sites are recorded as AjGx-12 and AjGx-13, however there

are no Government records for either of these sites that document their names, type of site

or cultural affiliation. Table 1 provides a general outline of the culture history for South-

Central Ontario drawn from Ellis and Ferris (1990). The potential for pre-contact

Aboriginal archaeological resources in the low lying and steeply sloped areas was judged to

be low, while the remainder of the property exhibited moderate archaeological potential.



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3.1.3 Potential for Historic Archaeological Sites

The Map of Esquesing Township in the 1877 H.R. Page and Co. Illustrated

Historical Atlas of Halton County illustrates four structures within the limits of the study

area. In 1877 the owners of Lot 19 and Lot 20, Concession 3 are listed as Mr. Neil Keith

and Mr. John Bessey, the owner of Lot 20, Concession 4 is listed as Mr. Alex McDonald,

the owner of Lot 21, Concession 3 is listed as Mr. William Firstbrooke, the owner of Lot

21, Concession 4 is not listed, the owner of Lot 22, Concession 3 is Robert Kinnard, and

the owner of Lot 22 Concession 4 is John Nickell. Given the proximity to the Grand

Trunk Railway and the historic villages of Acton and Limehouse the potential for historic

archaeological resources was judged to be moderate to high.

Table 1: Cultural Chronology for South-Central Ontario

PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS TIME COMMENTS

Early Paleo-

Indian

Fluted Projectiles 9000 - 8400 B.C. spruce parkland/caribou

hunters

Late Paleo-Indian Hi-Lo Projectiles 8400 - 8000B.C. smaller but more numerous

sites

Early Archaic Kirk and Bifurcate Base

Points

8000 - 6000 B.C. slow population growth

Middle Archaic Brewerton-like points 6000 - 2500 B.C. environment similar to present

Late Archaic Lamoka (narrow points) 2000 - 1800 B.C. increasing site size

Broadpoints 1800 - 1500 B.C. large chipped lithic tools

Small Points 1500 - 1100B.C. introduction of bow hunting

Terminal Archaic Hind Points 1100 - 950 B.C. emergence of true cemeteries

Early Woodland Meadowood Points 950 - 400 B.C. introduction of pottery

Middle Woodland Dentate/Pseudo-Scallop

Pottery

400 B.C. -

A.D.500

increased sedentism

Princess Point A.D. 550 - 900 introduction of corn

Late Woodland Early Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 900 - 1300 emergence of agricultural

villages

Middle Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 1300 - 1400 long longhouses (100m +)

Late Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 1400 - 1650 tribal warfare and displacement

Contact

Aboriginal

Various Algonkian Groups A.D. 1700 - 1875 early written records and

treaties

Historic Euro-Canadian A.D. 1796 –

present

European settlement

3.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment Results

The majority of the Stage 2 field assessment was conducted during ideal fall

weather conditions, while the ploughed fields were assessed during the late spring.

Overall there were no conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological remains.

The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four 19th

Century Euro-

Canadian sites (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30) which are described in detail

below (Figure 3). A catalogue listing of all curated artifacts is presented in Appendix A.



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3.2.1 Location 1 (AjHa-25)

Location 1 consists of an approximate 30 by 20 metre area of positive test pits that

produced early-to-mid 19th

century Euro-Canadian artifacts. The site is situated in close

proximity to one of the structures illustrated in the 1877 historic atlas (Figure 2). Curated

artifacts included three pieces of whiteware of an unidentified type, two pieces of edged

whiteware, one piece of sponged whiteware and one piece of transfer printed whiteware.

All of the artifacts recovered were consistent with a mid-19th

century domestic

occupation. Due to the potential significance of Location 1 it was recommended that the

site be subject to additional Stage 3 investigation to further evaluate the nature of the

cultural deposits.

Figure 3: Stage 2 Methods and Results



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Figure 4: Stage 3 Results, AjHa-25 (Location 1)

270E

275E

280E

285E

305E

300E

295E

290E

485N490N500N 495N 480N

13112

48

2 26

45

74

40

69

28

Meters

50

0

N S

W

E

- Stage 3 Test Unit

- Positive St.2 Test Pits

6 - Total # of Artifacts



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N

S

W E


290E 300E 310E

510N

500N

480N

520N

490N

465N

475N

485N

495N

295E 305E

470N

505N

515N

3

102 6

13 13

15

Meters

200

- Stage 3 Test Unit



96



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Meters

50


- Stage 3 Test Unit



295E 300E 305E

500N

510N

505N8

0

372

12

9

N

S

W E



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N

S.

E

W220N

215N

210N

205N

200N

195N

190N

185N

90E 95E 100E 105E 110E 115E 120E85E

180N

175N

6

- Stage 3 Unit Excavation

- Total Artifact Count

- Datum Stake

Gravel Drive

Rock

Log Piles

Raspberries

Flat Terrance

Raspberries

Mowed Grass

Raspberries

Grass

Slope Down to Cedar Swamp

360

13

393

13

51

152

177

10

18

11

66

21

9

22

129

38

38

69

3

5

5

Meters

50



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century Euro-Canadian artifacts. As was the case with

Location 1, the site is situated in close proximity to one of the structures illustrated in the

1877 historic atlas (Figure 2). Curated artifacts included two pieces of flow transfer

printed whiteware, one piece of whiteware of an unidentified type, one piece of banded

whiteware and one window glass fragment. All of the artifacts recovered were consistent

with a mid 19th

century domestic occupation. Due to the potential significance of

Location 2 it was recommended that the site be subject to additional Stage 3 investigation

to further evaluate the nature of the cultural deposits.




century Euro-Canadian artifacts. As was the case with

Locations 1 and 2, Location 3 is situated in close proximity to one of the structures

illustrated in the 1877 historic atlas (Figure 2). Curated artifacts included six pieces of

transfer printed whiteware, five pieces of whiteware of an unidentified type, four bottle

glass fragments, two pieces of transfer flow printed whiteware, two glass dish fragments,

two faunal remain fragments, one piece of painted whiteware, one piece of edged

whiteware, one piece of red earthenware, one piece of yelloware, one piece of stoneware,

one window glass fragment and one piece of slate. All of the artifacts recovered were

consistent with a mid 19th

century domestic occupation. Due to the potential significance

of Location 3 it was recommended that the site be subject to additional Stage 3

investigation to further evaluate the nature of the cultural deposits.


Location 4 consists of an approximate 20 by 30 metre area of twelve positive test

pits that produced early-to-mid 19th

century Euro-Canadian artifacts (Figure 2). Curated

artifacts included twelve pieces of plain whiteware, four faunal remain fragments, three

pieces of edged whiteware, three pieces of stamped whiteware, three pieces of red

earthenware, two pieces of sponged whiteware, two pieces of banded whiteware, one piece

of painted whiteware, one piece of yellow earthenware, one piece of bottle glass and one

piece of miscellaneous metal. All of the artifacts recovered were consistent with a mid 19th

century domestic occupation. Due to the potential significance of Location 4 it was

recommended that the site be subject to additional Stage 3 investigation to further evaluate

the nature of the cultural deposits.

3.3 Stage 3 Investigation of Significance and Information Potential

The Stage 2 assessment resulted in the documentation of four early to mid 19th

Century Euro-Canadian sites and a recommendation was made that all four be subject to

additional Stage 3 assessment to further evaluate their significance and information



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potential. The results of the required Stage 3 assessment of Location 1 (AjHa-25),

Location 2 (AjHa-26), Location 3 (AjHa-27) and Location 4 (AjHa-30) are described in

greater detail below. A complete catalogue of the artifacts recovered is presented in

Appendix A.


The Stage 2 investigations at Location 1 resulted in the determination that the site

consisted of a 30 by 20 metre scatter of artifacts, including three pieces of whiteware of

an unidentified type, two pieces of edged whiteware, one piece of sponged whiteware and

one piece of transfer printed. The H.R Page & Co.’s 1877 Illustrated Atlas of the County

of Halton depicts a structure in the same approximate area as Location 1. Due to the

potential significance of AjHa-25 it was recommended that it should be subject to Stage 3

excavation to better evaluate its significance and information potential.

The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-25 included the hand excavation of eleven one-

metre square test units (Figure 4). In total, 475 artifacts were recovered, including; 248

ceramic, 108 kitchen and food related, 63 structural, 34 tools and miscellaneous metal, 17

personal and five miscellaneous. Each artifact class is discussed separately below. Table

2 provides an artifact summary for Location 1, Figure 4 documents the results of Stage 3

excavations and Appendix B provides a full listing of the Stage 3 recoveries by

excavation unit.

Table 2: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for Location 1 (AjHa-25)

Artifact Frequency %

Ceramic Artifacts:

whiteware 151 31.8

utilitarian 44 9.3

ironstone 28 5.9

yelloware 16 3.4

porcelain 9 1.9

Total Ceramic Artifacts 248 52.2

Non-Ceramic Artifacts:

kitchen/food related 108 22.7

structural 63 13.3

tools & misc. metal 34 7.2

personal 17 3.6

miscellaneous 5 1.1

Total Non-Ceramic Artifacts 227 47.8

Total Stage 3 Artifacts 475 100



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Ceramic Artifacts

In total 261 fragments of ceramic cups, plates and pots were collected from the

excavations at Location 1. Included in this total are 151 pieces of whiteware, 44

utilitarian ceramic pieces, 28 pieces of ironstone, 16 pieces of yelloware and nine pieces

of porcelain. Table 3 provides a breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type,

while Table 4 provides a more detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by

decorative style for AjHa-25.

Table 3: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AjHa-25


whiteware 151 60.9

utilitarian 44 17.7

ironstone 28 11.3

yelloware 16 6.5

porcelain 9 3.6

Total 248 100

White Earthenware

Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colorless glaze that replaced

earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the early 1830’s. Early

whiteware tends to have a porous paste, with more vitrified, harder, ceramics becoming

increasingly common later in the 19th

century. Fragments of undecorated whiteware were

most common, with 93 pieces recovered.

Of the decorated whiteware collection (N=58), sponged whiteware was the most

common type recovered (Figure 8:3). Sponged ceramics were a form of inexpensive

tableware in which a sponge was used to apply an underglaze pigment. All-over

sponging became popular by the 1840’s and remained common until the 1870’s.

The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was transfer

printed whiteware, comprising 28% of the decorated assemblage. Transfer printing was

developed early in the 19th

century and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a

sheet of treated paper to the underglaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all

transfer printed wares were blue. After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown,

green and red became more common. From Location 1 blue transfer printed whiteware

dominates, with eight pieces, while there were five brown pieces and three black (Figure

8:1).

Blue edged whiteware comprises 16% of the decorated sample. Edged plates

became common as early as 1790. Of the edged whiteware 56% have unscalloped edges

which were common from 1840-1870, the four pieces of edged ware with scalloped edges

would pre-date 1845 making them good early examples of this type (Figure 8:2). Miller



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(1987) outlines the production range for edged whiteware according to rim decoration as

follows; scalloped rim with impressed curved lines, 1780-1820, scalloped rim with

impressed straight lines, 1795-1840, scalloped rim with impressed bud, 1800-1850,

embossed raised patterns, 1820-1845, unscalloped and impressed rim, 1825-1891,

unscalloped and unmoulded rim, 1850-1897.

The remaining types of decorated whiteware recovered include: hand painted

whiteware (10%), stamped whiteware (5%) and banded whiteware (5%) (Figures 8:4&5).

Table 4: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AjHa-25


whiteware 93 37.5

red earthenware 36 14.5

whiteware, sponged 21 8.5

ironstone 19 7.7

whiteware, transfer printed 16 6.5

yelloware 13 5.2

whiteware, edged 9 3.6

whiteware, painted 6 2.4

porcelain 5 2.0

ironstone, moulded 5 2.0

stoneware 4 1.6

yellow earthenware 4 1.6

whiteware, stamped 3 1.2

yelloware, banded 3 1.2

whiteware, banded 3 1.2

semi-porcelain 3 1.2

ironstone, transfer printed 2 0.8

ironstone, transfer flow 2 0.8

porcelain , transfer printed 1 0.4

Total 248 100

Utilitarian Ceramic Wares

In addition to the tableware, 37 pieces of red earthenware, four pieces of yellow

earthenware and four pieces of stoneware were recovered from AjHa-25. Utilitarian

stoneware and earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout the 19th

century.

Ironstone

Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in

the 1840’s that became extremely popular by the 1870’s and 1880’s. It is usually much

thicker than other whiteware, and is seldom decorated with colored designs. Instead this

type of tableware was decorated with raised moulded designs, often of wheat or fruit



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(Figure 8:6). In total, 28 pieces of ironstone were recovered from AjHa-25, which

constitutes 11% of the overall ceramic assemblage. Of the recovered ironstone five

pieces were moulded, two pieces were transfer printed and two pieces were transfer flow

printed.

Yelloware

Yelloware ceramics were first manufactured in the 1840’s, and continue to be

manufactured in limited quantities today. In total 16 pieces of yelloware were recovered

from Location 1, constituting 6% of the ceramic collection. Of the 16 pieces of yelloware

three are banded (Figure 8:8).

Porcelain

Porcelain is a type of earthenware fired at such a high temperature that the clay

has begun to vitrify; consequently the ceramic is translucent when held up to a light.

Because of its high cost, porcelain is extremely rare on 19th

century sites in Ontario.

However by the turn of the century it becomes relatively common, as production

techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. Nine pieces of

porcelain were recovered from AjHa-25, comprising 3% of the total ceramic assemblage.

Three of the pieces are semi-porcelain one piece is moulded and painted and one piece is

transfer printed (Figures 8:7&9).

Kitchen/Food Assemblage

A total of 108 kitchen and food related artifacts were recovered from AjHa-25.

This collection includes: 54 pieces of bottle glass, 51 faunal remain fragments, two whet

stone fragments and one utensil. Of the bottle glass, 18 fragments are clear, 16 are olive,

15 are aqua, three are green and two are brown. The faunal remains collection consists

primarily of large and medium sized domestic mammal remains, in total only two of the

bone fragments are burned. The utensil that was recovered is a tablespoon.

Structural

63 Artifacts were recovered from AjHa-25 that were classified as part of the

structural assemblage. This collection includes: 37 shards of window glass, 24 cut nails

and two wire drawn nails. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They were

invented as early as 1790, but did not become common in Ontario until 1830. Wire drawn

nails are identical to the type of nails in current use today, with a flat, round head and a

wire shaft. Wire drawn nails became popular in the 1890’s.

Tools & Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts

34 Metal artifacts were recovered from Location 1, including 25 pieces of

miscellaneous metal and nine pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware.



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Personal Artifacts

A total of seventeen artifacts excavated from AjHa-25 have been classified as

personal items. This collection includes: ten white clay pipe stem fragments, three white

clay pipe bowl fragments, one pair of scissors, one coin, one bone handle and one button.

White clay pipes were widely made in the 19th

century, declining in use by the last

two decades as briar pipes and cigarettes became the choice of smokers. Most pipes

found in southern Ontario were made in either Quebec or Scotland, with occasional

examples from English, Dutch, French and American makers. The maker’s name may be

impressed with the city of manufacture on the opposite side, although this did not become

common practice until the 1840s (Adams 1994:93). One of the white clay pipe stems is

marked with “GLASGOW”, indicating a date of manufacture between 1830-1861

(Kenyon, 1984) (Figure 8:12).

The coin recovered from Location 1 is an 1844 Canadian Half Penny and the

button was manufactured from white agate and has four holes (Figure 8:11). What were

called “agate” buttons are similar in colour and size (usually about 10mm) to modern shirt

buttons. The “agate” was in fact a type of pressed ceramic powder made using the so-

called “Prosser” process patented in 1840. Agate buttons became widely distributed in

Canada by the late 1840s and are common on sites form this time on (Adams 1994:96).

Miscellaneous Artifacts

The remainder of the collection recovered from Location 1 consists of three pieces

of recent material and two pieces of chimney or lamp glass. The two shards of lamp

chimney glass are of particular interest because glass lamps did not become common until

after 1850 when there was an increase in the availability of kerosene.

Summary

Test unit excavation at Location 1 (AjHa-25) resulted in the recovery of a

relatively large number of Euro-Canadian artifacts ranging in date from early to late 19th

Century. Due to the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics indicating

an earlier date of settlement, including several pieces with early decorative techniques,

(21 pieces of sponged whiteware, nine pieces of edged whiteware and six pieces of

painted whiteware) additional Stage 4 assessment is recommended for this location. This

Stage 4 assessment should involve the hand excavation of a series of additional one-meter

units, followed by the mechanical removal of topsoil by an excavator with a straight-

edged ditching bucket, followed by the standard documentation and hand excavation of

all sub-surface features located. Archival research should also be conducted on the 19th

century land registry data for this lot.



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Figure 8: Stage 3 Artifacts from AjHa-25 (Location 1)

1: TransferPrinted Whiteware

2: Edged Whiteware

3: SpongedWhiteware

5: BandedWhiteware

4: PaintedWhiteware

6: Moulded Ironstone

9: Moulded and Painted Porcelain

7: TransferPrinted Porcelain

8: BandedYelloware

10: Bone Handle 11: CanadianHalf Penny ~ 1844

12: White Clay Pipe Stem

Actual Size



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consisted of a 55 by 20 metre scatter of artifacts, including two pieces of flow transfer

printed whiteware, one piece of whiteware of an unidentified type, one piece of banded

whiteware and one window glass fragment. H.R Page & Co.’s 1877 Illustrated Atlas of

the County of Halton depicts a structure in the same approximate area as Location 2. Due

to the potential significance of AjHa-26 it was recommended that it should be subject to

Stage 3 excavation to better evaluate its significance and information potential.

The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-26 included the hand excavation of eight one-

metre square test units (Figure 5). In total, 239 artifacts were recovered, including: 137

ceramic, 69 structural, 24 kitchen and food related, six miscellaneous metal and 3

personal. Each artifact class is discussed separately below. Table 5 provides an artifact

summary for Location 2, Figure 5 documents the results of Stage 3 excavations and

Appendix B provides a full listing of the Stage 3 recoveries by excavation unit.



Ceramic Artifacts:

whiteware 103 43.1

utilitarian 18 7.5

yelloware 5 2.1

ironstone 4 1.7

pearlware 4 1.7

porcelain 3 1.3



structural 69 28.9


misc. metal 6 2.5

personal 3 1.3



Ceramic Artifacts


Stage 3 excavations at Location 2. Included in this total are 103 pieces of whiteware, 18

utilitarian ceramic pieces, five pieces of yelloware, four pieces of ironstone, four pieces of

pearlware and three pieces of porcelain. Table 6 provides a breakdown of the ceramic



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assemblage by ware type, while Table 7 provides a more detailed breakdown of the

ceramic assemblage by decorative style for AjHa-26.



whiteware 103 75.2

utilitarian 18 13.1

yelloware 5 3.6

ironstone 4 2.9

pearlware 4 2.9

porcelain 3 2.2

Total 137 100

White Earthenware





century. Fragments of undecorated whiteware were

most common, with 56 pieces recovered (54%).

Of the decorated whiteware collection (N=47), transfer printed was the most

common type recovered (26%). Transfer printing was developed early in the 19th

century

and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to the

underglaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were blue.

After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown, green and red become more common.

From Location 2 ten of the transfer printed pieces are blue and two are black (Figure 9:6).

The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was sponged

whiteware, comprising 23% of the decorated assemblage (Figure 9:1). Sponged ceramics

were a form of inexpensive tableware in which a sponge was used to apply an underglaze

pigment. All-over sponging became popular by the 1840’s and remained common until

the 1870’s. Ten of the pieces of sponged whiteware were blue and one was green.

Blue edged whiteware comprises 17% of the decorated sample. Edged plates

become common as early as 1790. Of the edged whiteware only one has an unscalloped

edge which was common from 1840-1870, the other six pieces of edged ware with

scalloped edges would pre-date 1845 making them good early examples of this type of

decoration (Figure 9:3).

The remaining types of decorated whiteware recovered include: hand painted

whiteware (17%), transfer flow printed whiteware (9%), stamped whiteware (4%) and

banded whiteware (4%) (Figure 9:2&7&8).



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Utilitarian Ceramics

In addition to the tableware, 16 pieces of red earthenware and two pieces of

stoneware were recovered from AjHa-26. Utilitarian stoneware and earthenware vessels

were manufactured throughout the 19th

century.

Yelloware



from Location 2. Of the 11 pieces of yelloware one was banded.



whiteware 56 40.9






pearlware 4 2.9

yelloware 4 2.9

whiteware, transfer flow 4 2.9

porcelain 3 2.2


ironstone 2 1.5

stoneware 2 1.5




Total 137 100

Ironstone




type of tableware was decorated with raised moulded designs, often of wheat or fruit. In

total, four pieces of ironstone was recovered from AjHa-26, which constitutes 2.9% of the

overall ceramic assemblage. Two of these fragments were moulded.



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Actual Size

2: Painted Whiteware1: Sponged Whiteware

8: Stamped Whiteware

3: Edged Whiteware

6: Transfer Printed Whiteware

4: Shell Button 5: Cut Nail

7: Transfer FlowPrinted Whiteware



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Pearlware

Pearlware has a distinctive light blue or light green-yellow tinted glaze. This type

of ceramic was introduced in the 1780’s and was often hand painted. There were four

pieces of plain pearlware recovered from Location 2.

Porcelain






techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. Three pieces of

porcelain were recovered from AjHa-26.

Structural


structural assemblage. This collection includes 40 shards of window glass and 29 cut

nails. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They were invented as early as

1790, but did not become common in Ontario until 1830.



This collection includes sixteen pieces of bottle glass, six faunal remain fragments and

two glass dish pieces. Of the bottle glass, nine fragments are aqua, six fragments are clear

and one is blue. In total, six pieces of animal bone were recovered, including two

mammal teeth and four fragments of large to medium sized domestic mammal remains.

Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts

Six pieces of miscellaneous metal were recovered during the Stage 3 excavations

at Location 2.

Personal Artifacts

A total of three artifacts excavated from AjHa-26 have been classified as personal

items. This collection includes two buttons and one white clay pie stem. One button was

classified as personal manufactured from white shell and has four holes and the other of

white glass with four holes (Figure 9:4).

Summary


relatively large number of Euro-Canadian artifacts ranging in date from early to late 19th

Century. Due to the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics (N=103)



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including several pieces with early decorative techniques, (11 pieces of sponged

whiteware, eight pieces of edged whiteware and eight pieces of painted whiteware) and

the four pieces of early pearlware, additional Stage 4 assessment is recommended for this

location. This Stage 4 assessment should involve the hand excavation of a series of

additional one-meter units, followed by the mechanical removal of topsoil by an

excavator with a straight-edged ditching bucket, followed by the standard documentation

and hand excavation of all sub-surface features located. Archival research should also be

conducted on the 19th




consisted of a 10 by 10 metre scatter of artifacts, with curated items including six pieces

of transfer printed whiteware, five pieces of whiteware of an unidentified type, four bottle

glass fragments, two pieces of transfer flow printed whiteware, two glass dish fragments,

two faunal remain fragments, one piece of painted whiteware, one piece of edged

whiteware, one piece of red earthenware, one piece of yelloware, one piece of stoneware,

one window glass fragment and one piece of slate. H.R Page & Co.’s 1877 Illustrated

Atlas of the County of Halton depicts a structure in the same approximate area as

Location 3. Due to the potential significance of AjHa-27 it was recommended that it

should be subject to Stage 3 excavation to better evaluate its significance and information

potential.



Ceramic Artifacts:

porcelain 59 14.7

utilitarian 30 7.5

ironstone 27 6.7

whiteware 10 2.5




structural 72 18.0


miscellaneous 3 0.7

miscellaneous glass 2 0.5



The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-27 included the hand excavation of five one-

metre square test units (Figure 6). In total, 401 artifacts were recovered, including: 126

ceramic, 129 kitchen and food related, 72 structural, 69 tools and miscellaneous metal,



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three miscellaneous and two miscellaneous glass. Table 8 provides an artifact summary

for Location 2, Figure 6 documents the results of Stage 3 excavations and Appendix B

provides a full listing of the Stage 3 recoveries by excavation unit.

Ceramic Artifacts

In total 126 fragments of ceramic cups, plates or pots were collected from the

excavations at Location 3. Included in this total are 59 pieces of porcelain, 30 utilitarian

ceramic pieces, 27 pieces of ironstone and 10 pieces of whiteware. Table 9 provides a

breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type, while Table 10 provides a more

detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by decorative style for AjHa-27.



porcelain 59 46.8

utilitarian 30 23.8

ironstone 27 21.4

whiteware 10 7.9

Total 126 100

Porcelain






techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. 59 pieces of porcelain

were recovered from AjHa-27, comprising 47% of the total ceramic assemblage. 23 of the

pieces of porcelain are classified as semi-porcelain, four pieces are transfer printed, two

are painted and the remaining 30 pieces are not decorated (Figure 10:3&5).


In addition to the tableware, 27 pieces of red earthenware and three pieces of

stoneware were recovered from AjHa-27, in total comprising 24% of the ceramics

assemblage. Utilitarian stoneware and earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout

the 19th

century.

Ironstone







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total, 27 pieces of ironstone was recovered from AjHa-26, which constitutes 21% of the

overall ceramic assemblage. Six of the recovered ironstone pieces were moulded (Figure

10:6).



porcelain 30 23.8


semi-porcelain 23 18.3

ironstone 21 16.7



porcelain, transfer printed 4 3.2

stoneware 3 2.4

porcelain, painted 2 1.6


Total 126 100

White Earthenware





century.

There were no examples of undecorated whiteware found at Location 3. Of the

decorated whiteware collection (N=10), transfer printed whiteware was the most common

type recovered (90%). Transfer printing was developed early in the 19th

century and

involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to the underglaze

surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were blue. After 1830,

colors such as light blue, black, brown, green and red become more common. From

Location 3 all nine of the transfer printed pieces are blue (Figure 10:4).

There was also one piece of banded whiteware recovered from AjHa-27. Dipted or

“banded” ceramics were made by applying slips of horizontal colour on the ceramics in

the form of bands. The piece of banded whiteware recovered from Location 3 has a green

band (Figure 10:2).



This collection includes 117 pieces of bottle glass, eleven pieces of dish glass and one

complete glass bottle. Of the bottle glass, 76 fragments are clear, 20 are brown, 15 are

aqua, three are green and three are violet. The complete glass bottle is of a quite recent

manufacture, it is brown and reads “CERTO REGISTERED TRADEMARK”.



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2: Banded Whiteware

1: BandedYelloware

3: TransferPrinted Porcelain

5: Painted Porcelain 6: MouldedIronstone

Structural


structural assemblage. This collection includes 66 shards of window glass, three wire

drawn nails, two cut nails and one screw. Wire drawn nails are identical to the type of

nails in current use today, with a flat, round head and a wire shaft. Wire drawn nails

became popular in the 1890’s.

Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts

55 Pieces of miscellaneous metal and 14 pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware

were recovered during the Stage 3 excavations at Location 3.


Two pieces of leather belt or horse harness and a piece of recent material were

also recovered from Location 3.

Miscellaneous Glass Artifacts

The miscellaneous glass collection includes one piece of chimney lamp glass and

one white glass fragment.



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Summary


relatively large number of Euro-Canadian artifacts, predominantly dating to the late 19th

Century. The ceramic assemblage clearly points to a late 19th

century time period, with

porcelain comprising 47% and ironstone 21% of the ceramic collection. The presence of a

high percentage of porcelain and ironstone and the absence of early whiteware types are

indicative of a late 19th

century site. Due to the fact that the Euro-Canadian artifacts

recovered from Location 3 date to the late 19th

century, it has been determined that this

location has a relatively low degree of significance and information potential. As a result,

no additional assessment is recommended for AjHa-27.



consisted of a 20 by 30 metre area, twelve pieces of plain whiteware, four faunal remain

fragments, three pieces of edged whiteware, three pieces of stamped whiteware, three

pieces of red earthenware, two pieces of sponged whiteware, two pieces of banded

whiteware, one piece of painted whiteware, one piece of yellow earthenware, one piece of

bottle glass and one piece of miscellaneous metal. Due to the potential significance of

AjHa-30 it was recommended that it should be subject to Stage 3 excavation to better

evaluate its significance and information potential.



Ceramic Artifacts:

whiteware 774 48.3

utilitarian 263 16.4

yelloware 98 6.1

ironstone 75 4.7

unknown ceramic type 19 1.2

pearlware 2 0.1

redware 1 0.1




structural 146 9.1


personal 16 1.0

miscellaneous 8 0.5





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The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-30 included the hand excavation of 21 one-metre

square test units (Figure 7). In total, 1603 artifacts were recovered, including: 1232

ceramic, 160 kitchen and food related, 146 structural, 41 tools and miscellaneous metal,

sixteen personal and eight miscellaneous. Each artifact class is discussed separately

below. Table 11 provides an artifact summary for Location 4, Figure 7 documents the

results of Stage 3 excavations and Appendix B provides a full listing of the Stage 3

recoveries by excavation unit.

Ceramic Artifacts


Stage 3 excavations at Location 2. Included in this total are 774 pieces of whiteware, 263

utilitarian ceramic pieces, 98 pieces of yelloware, 75 pieces of ironstone, nineteen

ceramic pieces of an unknown type, two pieces of pearlware and one piece of redware.

Table 12 provides a breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type, while Table 13

provides a more detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by decorative style for

AjHa-30.

White Earthenware





century. Whiteware was the most common type of

ceramic recovered form Location 4 with 774 pieces, constituting 62.8% of the entire

ceramic assemblage. Fragments of undecorated whiteware were most common, with 496

pieces.

Of the decorated whiteware collection (N=278), transfer printed was the most

common type recovered with 72 pieces. Transfer printing was developed early in the 19th

century and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to

the under glaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were

blue. After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown, green and red become more

common. From Location 4, 49 of the transfer printed pieces are blue, eighteen are brown,

four are black and one is purple (Figure 11:5).

The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was edged with

69 pieces. Edged whiteware plates became common as early as 1790 and overlapped with

the manufacture of edged pearlware ceramics. 32 of the edged pieces are blue with

straight rims and impressed curved lines, thirteen of the pieces are blue fragments, eleven

of the pieces are blue with straight rims and no moulding, eight of the pieces are blue with

scalloped rims and impressed bud design, two of the pieces are blue with straight rims

and impressed straight lines, two of the pieces are blue with scalloped rims and impressed

curved lines and one of the pieces is blue with a scalloped rim (Figure 11:6). Miller

(1987) outlines the production range for edged whiteware according to rim decoration as



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follows; scalloped rim with impressed curved lines, 1780-1820, scalloped rim with

impressed straight lines, 1795-1840, scalloped rim with impressed bud, 1800-1850,

embossed raised patterns, 1820-1845, unscalloped and impressed rim, 1825-1891,

unscalloped and unmoulded rim, 1850-1897.

There were 56 pieces of painted whiteware recovered from AjHa-30. The hand

painted whiteware from this location is exclusively polychrome, floral pattern tea ware.

Painted wares of this type were popular from as early as 1830 through to the 1870’s. The

prominent colours from this collection are blue, pink, black, red and green (Figure 11:1).

55 Pieces of sponged whiteware were also recovered during the Stage 3

excavations at Location 4. Sponged ceramics were a form of inexpensive tableware in

which a sponge was used to apply an under glaze pigment. All-over sponging became

popular by the 1840’s and remained common until the 1870’s. 41 of the sponged pieces

are blue, eight are blue and green, three are red and green and three are red and blue

(Figure 11:2).

There were 25 pieces of stamped whiteware also recovered from Location 4.

Stamping involved the transfer of paint to the bisque surface of the ceramic ware through

the use of a stamp most frequently made of sponge. This decorative technique usually

dates to the second half of the 19th

century. The stamped pieces were decorated using

combinations of pink, green and purple (Figure 11:3).

The remaining piece of decorated whiteware is banded and was decorated with

pale blue bands (Figure 11:4).



whiteware 774 62.8

utilitarian 263 21.3

yelloware 98 8.0

ironstone 75 6.1


pearlware 2 0.2

redware 1 0.1

Total 1232 100


In addition to the tableware, 234 pieces of red earthenware, 23 pieces of stoneware

and six pieces of rockingham ware were recovered from AjHa-30. Utilitarian stoneware

and earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout the 19th

century.



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Yelloware



from Location 4. 39 of these pieces are banded yelloware and were decorated with

various designs including blue, brown and white annular bands, and mocha designs using

blue, brown, white and green (Figure 12:11).



whiteware 496 40.3

earthenware, red 234 19.0



yelloware 59 4.8


ironstone 56 4.5




stoneware 23 1.9



rockingham ware 6 0.5


redware 1 0.1

pearlware, moulded 1 0.1

pearlware, edged 1 0.1

Total 1232 100

Ironstone





total, 75 pieces of ironstone was recovered from AjHa-30, which constitutes 6.1% of the

overall ceramic assemblage. Nineteen of these fragments were moulded.

Unknown Ceramics

Unfortunately nineteen of the ceramic pieces recovered from Location 4 could not

be catalogued into specific ceramic-ware classifications. These pieces are so heavily

damaged and fragmentary that it is impossible to accurately identify them by ceramic



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type. In order to avoid altering the separate ceramic totals, percentages and ultimately the

temporal data for the site the damaged pieces were simply classified as miscellaneous

unidentified ceramics.

Pearlware

Pearlware has a distinctive light blue or light green-yellow tinted glaze. This type

of ceramic was introduced in the 1780’s and was often hand painted. One piece of

moulded pearlware and one piece of edged pearlware were recovered during the Stage 3

excavations. The edged pearlware piece is blue with a straight rim and impressed curved

lines (Figure 12:9&10).

Redware

Redware is a thin bodied earthenware covered on both the interior and exterior by

a dark reddish-brown, dark brown or black glaze. This type of redware was commonly

used in the early 19th

century for tea pots and mugs. One piece of redware was recovered

from Location 4.



This collection includes 105 faunal remain fragments, 52 pieces of bottle glass and three

utensils. Of the faunal remains 37 have been burnt and three have been butchered. Olive,

clear and aqua are the most common colours represented in the collection of bottle glass.

One of the utensils is a bone handle that was most likely part of a fork, one is a teaspoon

that is missing the handle and one is a fork that is missing the handle (Figure 12:4).

Structural

146 Artifacts that were recovered from AjHa-30 were classified as part of the

structural assemblage. This collection includes 61 cut nails, 60 shards of window glass,

thirteen wrought nails, five pieces of mortar, four pieces of slate and three pieces of red

brick (Figure 11:7). Wrought nails were hand made and are identifiable by their irregular

heads, hammered body texture, and all four sides coming to a taper. Wrought nails were

the most commonly used nail in Upper Canada until about 1830 when machine cut nails

started to become more popular. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They

were invented as early as 1790, but did not become common in Ontario until 1830.

Tools & Miscellaneous Metal

The tools and miscellaneous metal collection includes 29 pieces of miscellaneous

metal, six pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware, five pieces of metal wire and one large

chain link.



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Actual Size

4: Banded Whiteware

3: Stamped Whiteware2: Sponged Whiteware


6: Edged Whiteware

1: Painted Whiteware

7: Wrought Nail



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10: Edged Pearlware

1: Bead 2: Agate Button 3: Shell Button 4: Utensil Handle

5: White Clay Pipe Stem 6: White Clay Pipe Bowl 7: Red Clay Pipe Stem

8: Porcelain Doll 9: Moulded Pearlware

11: Banded Yelloware

Actual Size



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Personal Artifacts

A total of sixteen artifacts excavated from AjHa-30 have been classified as

personal items. This collection includes eight white clay pipe bowl fragments, two white

clay pipe stem pieces, two buttons, one red clay pipe stem, one jews harp, one porcelain

doll head and one glass bead (Figure 12:1,7&8).

White clay pipes were widely made in the 19th

century, declining in use by the last

two decades as briar pipes and cigarettes became the choice of smokers. Most pipes

found in southern Ontario were made in either Quebec or Scotland, with occasional

examples from English, Dutch, French and American makers. The maker’s name may be

impressed with the city of manufacture on the opposite side, although this did not become

common practice until the 1840s. Two of the pipe stem pieces recovered from Location 4

have markings on them, one with “BANNERMAN / MONTREAL” and one with

“MURRAY” (Figure 12:5). Three of the pipe bowls are decorated with the popular fluted

design and one with a human effigy (Figure 12:6). Human effigy white clay tobacco

pipes are frequently referred to as “Turks heads” and were common in Upper Canada

during the first part of the 19th

century (Kenyon 1983).

One of the buttons was made form shell and has four holes and the other from

white agate also with four holes (Figure 12:2&3).


The remainder of the Stage 3 collection from Location 4 includes three pieces of

recent material, three pieces of chimney/lamp glass and two pieces of miscellaneous

glass.

Summary

Test unit excavation at Location 4 (AjHa-30) resulted in the recovery of a large

number of Euro-Canadian artifacts ranging in date from early to late 19th

Century. Due to

the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics along with the presence of

early pearlware ceramics and wrought nails additional Stage 4 assessment is

recommended for this location. This Stage 4 assessment should involve the hand

excavation of a series of additional one-meter units, followed by the mechanical removal

of topsoil by an excavator with a straight-edged ditching bucket, followed by the standard

documentation and hand excavation of all sub-surface features located. Archival research

should also be conducted on the 19th




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Figure 13: Poorly Drained Area outside Proposed Limits of Extraction,

Not Assessed

Figure 14: Stage 2 Pedestrian Assessment Conditions



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Figure 15: Stage 2 Test Pit Assessment Conditions

Figure 16: Area of Previous Disturbance (driveway and house), Not Assessed



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Figure 17: Poorly Drained Area within Proposed Limits of Extraction,

Not Assessed

Figure 16: Stage 3 Excavations



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4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

Dufferin Aggregates, a Division of St. Lawrence Cement Inc. is applying to










The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four previously

unregistered 19th

Century Euro-Canadian sites (Locations 1, 2, 3 & 4). Additional Stage 3

assessment was recommended for all four locations (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and

AjHa-30) to further evaluate their significance and information potential. The Stage 3

testing of AjHa-27 led to the determination that the site dates relatively late in the 19th

century and no additional assessment is recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at AjHa-

25, AjHa-26 and AjHa-30 resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid

19th

century cultural material. Consequently, these sites will require further Stage 4

assessment in advance of any ground disturbance in these areas.

The Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations

presented in this report and issue a standard letter of concurrence. As additional

archaeological assessment is still required, a letter of clearance is not requested for the

subject property at this time.

Should deeply buried archaeological material be found on the property during

aggregate extraction, the Ministry of Culture should be notified immediately (519-675-

7742). In the event that human remains are encountered anywhere on the property, the

proponent should immediately contact both the Ministry of Culture and the Registrar or

Deputy Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulation Unit of the Ministry of Consumer and

Commercial Relations, (416) 326-8392.

Respectfully Submitted By

Jim Wilson, M.A.

President, Archaeologix Inc.



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References Cited

Adams, Nick, Ian Kenyon, Dena Dorszenko

1994 Field Manual for Avocational Archaeologists in Ontario. Ontario

Archaeological Society Inc., Archaeological Stewardship Project.

Chapman, Lyman John and Donald F. Putnam

1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario (Third Edition). Ontario Geological

Survey Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto.

Ellis, Chris J. and Neal Ferris (editors)

1990 The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication

of the London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, Number 5.

Government of Canada

1995 Topographic Map Sheet 40 P/9 & 30 M/12 (Edition 8). Surveys and Mapping

Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa.

Government of Ontario

1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines. Archaeology & Heritage

Planning Unit, Cultural Programs Branch, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and

Recreation.

.n.d. Archaeological Data Base Files. Heritage Branch, MCzCR, Toronto.

H.R. Page & Co.

1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Halton County, Ontario.

Hume, Ivor Noel

1969 A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York:Knopf.

Kenyon, Ian

1985 A History of Ceramic Tableware in Ontario, 1780-1840. In: Arch Notes

May/June 1985.

Kenyon, Thomas

1983 19th

Century Notes: Human Effigy Clay Tobacco Pipes. In: KEWA (83-9).

Kenyon, Thomas

1984 19th

Century Notes: Clay Tobacco Pipes with Marked Stems. In: KEWA (84-8).

Miller, George

1987 An Introduction to English Ceramics for Archaeologists.

Midwestern Archaeological Research Centre. Illinois State University.



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Appendix A:

Complete Stage 2 Artifact Catalogue for

AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30



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Stage 2 Catalogue for Location 1 (AjHa-25)

Surface Collection

Artifact Freq Comments

whiteware 3

whiteware, edged 2 straight, blue

whiteware, sponged 1 blue

whiteware, transfer print 1 blue


Surface Collection


whiteware, flow transfer 2 blue

whiteware 1

whiteware, banded 1 pink, near rim

glass, window 1


Surface Collection


glass, bottle 4 2 rose, 1 aqua, 1 olive brown

glass, dish 2

1 clear & moulded, 1 moulded with rose & yellow

colouring

glass, window 1

whiteware, transfer print 6 4 navy, 1 brown, 1 polychrome - pink & yellow

whiteware 1 black makers mark, "..NA"

whiteware, flow transfer 2 blue

whiteware, painted 1 yellow band

whiteware, edged 1 blue straight

whiteware 4

stoneware 1 salt glaze exterior, brown slip interior

slate 1 large fragment

earthenware, red 1 black glaze

yelloware 1 brown band

faunal remains 2



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Test Pits


whiteware, edged 3 blue, straight rim with moulding, chicken foot design

whiteware, stamped 3 purple & green

whiteware, sponged 2 1 blue, 1 green

whiteware, painted 1 blue, green, black

whiteware, banded 2 1 blue, 1 blue & yellow (mocha)

whiteware 12

earthenware, red 3

earthenware, yellow 1

glass, bottle 1 blue

faunal remains 4

misc. metal 1



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Appendix B:

Complete Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue for

AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30



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Cat. Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments

100 290E 500N:5 0-19 whiteware, banded 1 blue

101 290E 500N:5 0-19 whiteware, sponged 3 blue

102 290E 500N:5 0-19 whiteware 2

103 290E 500N:5 0-19 ironstone, moulded 1

104 290E 500N:5 0-19 ironstone 4

105 290E 500N:5 0-19 scissors 1


107 295E 490N:1 0-28 whiteware, painted 1 pink floral

108 295E 490N:1 0-28 whiteware 8

109 295E 490N:1 0-28 ironstone, transfer flow 2 black

110 295E 490N:1 0-28 white clay pipe stem 1

111 295E 490N:1 0-28 red earthenware 1

112 295E 490N:1 0-28 glass, window 1

113 295E 490N:1 0-28 nail, cut 2

114 295E 490N:1 0-28 misc. metal 1

115 295E 490N:1 0-28 faunal remains 9

116 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware, transfer printed 1 brown


118 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware, painted 2 pink & blue floral

119 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware 6

120 295E 495N:1 0-34 ironstone 1

121 295E 495N:1 0-34 yelloware 1

122 295E 495N:1 0-34 stoneware 1 ink bottle


124 295E 495N:1 0-34 white clay pipe bowl 1

125 295E 495N:1 0-34 glass, bottle 4 2 aqua, 2 clear

126 295E 495N:1 0-34 glass, window 6

127 295E 495N:1 0-34 bone handle 1

128 295E 495N:1 0-34 faunal remains 2 1 mammal tooth

129 295E 495N:1 0-34 nail, cut 4

130 295E 495N:1 0-34 utensil 1 tablespoon

131 295E 495N:1 0-34 misc. metal hardware 2

132 295E 495N:1 0-34 misc. metal 11

133 300E 500N:1 0-22 glass, bottle 1 aqua

134 300E 500N:1 0-22 misc. metal 1

135 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware, transfer printed 2 1 blue, 1 brown


137 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware, edged 1 blue feathered with scalloped edge

138 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware 2

139 300E 490N:1 0-33 ironstone 2

140 300E 490N:1 0-33 semi-porcelain 3


142 300E 490N:1 0-33 yellow earthenware 1



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143 300E 490N:1 0-33 earthenware 1

144 300E 490N:1 0-33 glass, bottle 2 1 brown, 1 clear

145 300E 490N:1 0-33 glass, window 2

146 300E 490N:1 0-33 nail, cut 2

147 300E 490N:1 0-33 faunal remains 6 2 calcined, 1 mammal tooth


149 280E 500N:1 0-26 ironstone, transfer printed 2 black

150 280E 500N:1 0-26 whiteware 7


152 280E 500N:1 0-26 ironstone 3

153 280E 500N:1 0-26 yelloware 3

154 280E 500N:1 0-26 stoneware 1

155 280E 500N:1 0-26 porcelain 2

156 280E 500N:1 0-26 porcelain , transfer printed 1 pink rose pattern

157 280E 500N:1 0-26 glass, bottle 10 7 clear, 3 aqua

158 280E 500N:1 0-26 glass, window 2

159 280E 500N:1 0-26 nail, cut 3

160 280E 500N:1 0-26 misc. metal hardware 1 part of scissors

161 280E 500N:1 0-26 misc. metal 5

162 290E 495N:21 0-25 whiteware, transfer printed 5 4 blue, 1 black


164 290E 495N:21 0-25 yelloware 3

165 290E 495N:21 0-25 ironstone 1

166 290E 495N:21 0-25 whiteware 20

167 290E 495N:21 0-25 white clay pipe bowl 1



170 290E 495N:21 0-25 glass, bottle 21 14 olive, 3 clear, 2 aqua, 1 brown, 1 green

171 290E 495N:21 0-25 glass, window 8

172 290E 495N:21 0-25 glass, lamp 1

173 290E 495N:21 0-25 nail, cut 1


175 290E 495N:21 0-25 misc. metal 6

176 280E 490N:1 0-27 whiteware, transfer printed 1 black


178 280E 490N:1 0-27 whiteware 4




182 280E 490N:1 0-27 glass, window 8

183 280E 490N:1 0-27 glass, lamp 1

184 280E 490N:1 0-27 button 1 white glass, 4 holes

185 280E 490N:1 0-27 coin 1 Canadain Half Penny ~ 1844

186 280E 490N:1 0-27 nail, cut 2


188 280E 490N:1 0-27 misc. metal 1

189 280E 490N:1 0-27 faunal remains 12 1 piece of shell



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190 290E 485N:1 0-23 yelloware 4


192 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, edged 2 blue feathered

193 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, painted 2 pink, blue

194 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, transfer printed 4 2 brown, 1 blue, 1 black

195 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, banded 1 blue

196 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware 19

197 290E 485N:1 0-23 ironstone 1

198 290E 485N:1 0-23 porcelain 2 1 with moulded blue flowers



201 290E 485N:1 0-23 glass, bottle 5 2 olive, 2 clear, 1 aqua

202 290E 485N:1 0-23 glass, window 3

203 290E 485N:1 0-23 nail, cut 5

204 290E 485N:1 0-23 nail, wire drawn 1


206 290E 485N:1 0-23 recent material 3 plastic ring, shingle fragment


208 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, edged 6 blue feathered & blue feathered with scalloped edge

209 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, transfer printed 3 brown, blue

210 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, banded 1 blue, yellow

211 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, stamped 3 blue

212 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, painted 1 burgandy

213 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware 25

214 290E 490N:1 0-21 yelloware, banded 3 blue & white bands

215 290E 490N:1 0-21 yelloware 2

216 290E 490N:1 0-21 ironstone 7

217 290E 490N:1 0-21 porcelain 1


219 290E 490N:1 0-21 yellow earthenware 3

220 290E 490N:1 0-21 stoneware 2

221 290E 490N:1 0-21 white clay pipe stem 5 "GLASGOW"

222 290E 490N:1 0-21 white clay pipe bowl 1 fragment

223 290E 490N:1 0-21 glass, bottle 7 4 aqua, 2 green, 1 clear

224 290E 490N:1 0-21 glass, window 7

225 290E 490N:1 0-21 nail, cut 5



228 290E 490N:1 0-21 wet stone 2




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100 290E 465N:1 0-11 glass, bottle 1 clear

101 290E 465N:1 0-11 glass, window 2


103 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware, stamped 1

104 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware, banded 1 yellow, blue

105 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware 6

106 295E 480N:1 0-38 ironstone 2


108 295E 480N:1 0-38 misc. metal 1

109 305E 515N:25 0-19 nail, cut 1

110 300E 520N:1 0-23 nail, cut 5

111 305E 470N:1 0-12 whiteware, edged 1 blue feathered

112 305E 470N:1 0-12 whiteware 2

113 305E 470N:1 0-12 yelloware 1

114 305E 470N:1 0-12 porcelain 1


116 305E 480N:1 0-20 whiteware, painted 2 blue & black

117 305E 480N:1 0-20 whiteware,

transfer printed 3 2 blue, 1 black

118 305E 480N:1 0-20 whiteware 2


120 305E 480N:1 0-20 glass, bottle 1 blue

121 305E 480N:1 0-20 glass, window 3


123 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, sponged 10 9 blue, 1 green

124 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, painted 4 brown, pink, blue

125 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, edged 3

blue feathered & blue feathered with scalloped edge

126 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, transfer flow 2 blue, black

127 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware,

transfer printed 1 blue

128 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware 18

129 295E 470N:1 0-31 yelloware 1

130 295E 470N:1 0-31 white clay pipe

stem 1

131 295E 470N:1 0-31 porcelain 2 blue moulded design

132 295E 470N:1 0-31 stoneware 1 ink bottle

133 295E 470N:1 0-31 glass, bottle 7

134 295E 470N:1 0-31 glass, window 28



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135 295E 470N:1 0-31 button 2 white glass ~ 4 holes, white shell ~ 4 holes

136 295E 470N:1 0-31 nail, cut 20

137 295E 470N:1 0-31 misc. metal 2


139 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, banded 1 brown


141 300E 475N:1 0-14 pearlware 4

142 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware 28

143 300E 475N:1 0-14 yelloware, banded 1 white band

144 300E 475N:1 0-14 yelloware 2


146 300E 475N:1 0-14 glass, window 7

147 300E 475N:1 0-14 glass, dish 2 clear


149 300E 475N:1 0-14 stoneware 1

150 300E 475N:1 0-14 nail, cut 3

151 300E 475N:1 0-14 misc. metal 3


153 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware,

transfer printed 8 7 blue, 1 black

154 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, edged 4 blue feathered & scalloped

155 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, transfer flow 2 blue

156 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, painted 2

blue & green floral, moulded floral ~ pink, blue & green

Stage 3 Catalogue for Location 3(AjHa-27)


100 300E 505N:1 0-21 nail, cut 2


102 300E 505N:1 0-21 screw 1


104 300E 505N:1 0-21 misc. metal 52

105 300E 505N:1 0-21 whiteware, banded 1 green

106 300E 505N:1 0-21 whiteware,

transfer printed 9 blue

107 300E 505N:1 0-21 ironstone, moulded 5 leaf pattern

108 300E 505N:1 0-21 ironstone 20 "ROYAL IRONSTONE"

109 300E 505N:1 0-21 semi-porcelain 23 4 with floral transfer print design



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110 300E 505N:1 0-21 porcelain, painted 2 yellow, pink, blue

111 300E 505N:1 0-21 porcelain,

transfer printed 4 3 peach & green, 1 black

112 300E 505N:1 0-21 porcelain 29

113 300E 505N:1 0-21 earthenware 5

114 300E 505N:1 0-21 red earthenware 21 interior yellow glaze, brown exterior glaze

115 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass bottle (complete) 1

"CERTO REGISTERED TRADE MARK"

116 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, bottle 101 62 clear, 20 brown, 14 aqua, 3 green, 2 purple

117 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, lamp 1

118 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, white 1

119 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, window 66 28 with ridges

120 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, dish 11

121 300E 500N:1 0-25 moulded, ironstone 1 floral design

122 300E 500N:1 0-25 ironstone 1

123 300E 500N:1 0-25 porcelain 1

124 300E 500N:1 0-25 stoneware 2

125 300E 500N:1 0-25 glass, bottle 5 3 clear, 1 aqua, 1 violet

126 300E 500N:1 0-25 misc. metal 1

127 300E 500N:1 0-25 recent material 1 insulator


129 305E 505N:1 0-14 stoneware 1

130 305E 505N:1 0-14 earthenware 1

131 305E 505N:1 0-14 misc. metal 2

132 305E 505N:1 0-14 misc. textile 2 part of leather belt or halter





13 95E 210N:5 0-18 redware 1

14 95E 210N:5 0-18 earthenware,

red 2

15 95E 210N:5 0-18 misc. glass 1 melted

16 100E 175N:21 0-19 whiteware 7

17 100E 175N:21 0-19 unknown

ceramic type 3

18 100E 175N:21 0-19 yelloware 2

19 100E 175N:21 0-19 glass, bottle 1 olive

20 90E 180N:25 0-19 whiteware,

painted 2 blue, green, black

21 90E 180N:25 0-19 whiteware 5

22 90E 180N:25 0-19 yelloware 2



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23 90E 180N:25 0-19 yelloware,

banded 2 blue white - mocha design

24 90E 180N:25 0-19 stoneware 7 salt glazed

25 90E 180N:25 0-19 nail, cut 3


27 105E 195N:1 0-18

whiteware, transfer printed 1 black

28 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware,

painted 2 blue, red, green, black

29 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware, sponged 9 5 blue, 3 blue/green, 1 red

30 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware,

edged 7 blue, straight rim, no moulding

31 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware,

edged 11 blue, straight rim, impressed curved lines

32 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware 76

33 105E 195N:1 0-18 unknown

ceramic type 1



red 62


bowl 1

37 105E 195N:1 0-18 nail, cut 1

38 95E 195N:25 0-19 whiteware,

edged 2 1 blue fragment, 1 blue with straight rim and no moulding


40 95E 195N:25 0-19 yelloware 2

41 95E 195N:25 0-19 whiteware 10


red 11


44 95E 195N:25 0-19 brick 2 red


46 95E 195N:25 0-19 glass, window 1

47 95E 195N:25 0-19 glass, bottle 3 2 clear, 1 blue


49 95E 200N:25 0-19 whiteware,

painted 1 green, pink


red 3

51 95E 200N:25 0-19 misc. metal 6

52 95E 200N:25 0-19 recent material 3 1 piece of plastic, 2 red glass frags.

53 95E 200N:25 0-19 glass, window 51




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55 105E 200N:1 0-20 whiteware,

edged 2

1 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines, 1 blue with straight rim and no moulding

56 105E 200N:1 0-20 whiteware 5

57 105E 200N:1 0-20 nail, cut 2

58 105E 200N:1 0-20 misc. metal 1

59 90E 195N:2 0-17 pearlware,

edged 1 blue with straight rim & impressed curved lines

60 90E 195N:2 0-17 pearlware, moulded 1 moulded floral design

61 90E 195N:2 0-17 whiteware,

banded 1 blue band


63 90E 195N:2 0-17 whiteware 13


red 2


stem 1 "BANNERMAN/MONTREAL"

66 90E 195N:2 0-17 doll 1 porcelain doll head

67 90E 195N:2 0-17 utensil 1 bone handle, probably from a fork

68 110E 195N:1 0-12 whiteware, sponged 1 blue and green

69 110E 195N:1 0-12 whiteware 4


red 5

71 110E 195N:1 0-12 glass, bottle 1 olive

72 95E 205N:1 0-20 whiteware 1

73 95E 205N:1 0-20 nail, cut 1

74 95E 205N:1 0-20 faunal remains 1 burnt

75 90E 175N:25 0-20 whiteware,

painted 1 green

76 90E 175N:25 0-20

whiteware, transfer printed 3 black

77 90E 175N:25 0-20 unknown

ceramic type 1

78 90E 175N:25 0-20 whiteware 20


red 6

80 90E 175N:25 0-20 glass,

chimney/lamp 1

81 90E 175N:25 0-20 glass, window 1

82 90E 175N:25 0-20 glass, bottle 2 1 clear, 1 aqua

83 90E 175N:25 0-20 nail, cut 3


85 90E 175N:25 0-20 yelloware,

banded 1 white bands



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86 90E 175N:25 0-20 whiteware 2


bowl 1 fluted

88 95E 215N:5 0-16 brick 1 red

89 95E 215N:5 0-16 glass, bottle 3 2 aqua, 1 mauve


91 110E 190N:1 0-16 whiteware,

painted 6 pink, green, blue

92 110E 190N:1 0-16 whiteware, stamped 2 pink, green, purple

93 110E 190N:1 0-16 whiteware 10

94 90E 190N:1 0-24 ironstone 1

95 90E 190N:1 0-24 whiteware 3

96 90E 190N:1 0-24 red clay pipe

stem 1

97 90E 190N:1 0-24 nail, cut 2


99 95E 200N:1 0-17

whiteware, transfer printed 2 1 blue, 1 purple


101 95E 200N:1 0-17 whiteware,

painted 2 1 green and purple, 1 blue

102 95E 200N:1 0-17 yelloware 1

103 95E 200N:1 0-17 whiteware 11


105 95E 200N:1 0-17 ironstone 3

106 95E 200N:1 0-17 unknown

ceramic type 2


red 1


109 95E 200N:1 0-17 nail, cut 2


111 95E 200N:1 0-17 misc. metal hardware 1 large metal hook

112 105E 185N:1 0-22

whiteware, transfer printed 6 blue

113 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware,

edged 1 blue fragment

114 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware,

painted 4 blue, green, black

115 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware, sponged 1 red and green

116 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware 8


118 105E 185N:1 0-22 ironstone 2



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119 105E 185N:1 0-22 yelloware,

banded 1 blue/white mocha design

120 105E 185N:1 0-22 yelloware 5


stem 1 "MURRAY"

122 105E 185N:1 0-22 nail, wrought 1

123 105E 185N:1 0-22 nail, cut 4

124 105E 185N:1 0-22 stoneware 11

125 105E 185N:1 0-22 glass, bottle 4 3 aqua, 1 olive


bowl 1 fluted design


128 105E 190N:1 0-20

whiteware, transfer printed 17 10 blue, 7 brown

129 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,

painted 9 green, black, blue, pink, grey, purple

130 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,


131 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,

edged 4 blue, with straight rim & impressed curved lines

132 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,

edged 3 blue, with scalloped rim and impressed bud design

133 105E 190N:1 0-20 yelloware,

banded 9 white & brown bands

134 105E 190N:1 0-20 yelloware 2

135 105E 190N:1 0-20 unknown

ceramic type 1

136 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware 43

137 105E 190N:1 0-20 rockingham

ware 1

138 105E 190N:1 0-20 earthenware,

red 14


bowl 2

140 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware 1

141 105E 190N:1 0-20 jews harp 1 broken

142 105E 190N:1 0-20 button 1 shell, 4 holes

143 105E 190N:1 0-20 glass, bottle 10 6 olive, 3 aqua, 1 clear

144 105E 190N:1 0-20 glass, window 1

145 105E 190N:1 0-20 mortar 5

146 105E 190N:1 0-20 nail, wrought 1

147 105E 190N:1 0-20 nail, cut 2

148 105E 190N:1 0-20 utensil 1 tsp., missing handle


150 95E 190N:25 0-28




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151 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware,

painted 4 green, blue

152 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware, stamped 2 1 pink & green, 1 purple

153 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware,

edged 4 blue fragments

154 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware,

edged 4

2 blue with straight rims and impressed straight lines, 1 blue with scalloped rim, 1 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines

155 95E 190N:25 0-28 yelloware,

banded 2 blue/white mocha design

156 95E 190N:25 0-28 yelloware 12

157 95E 190N:25 0-28 unknown

ceramic type 6

158 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware 58

159 95E 190N:25 0-28 rockingham

ware 4

160 95E 190N:25 0-28 earthenware,

red 23


bowl 1 fluted design

162 95E 190N:25 0-28 bead 1 blue glass bead

163 95E 190N:25 0-28 misc. glass 1

164 95E 190N:25 0-28 misc. metal 1

165 95E 190N:25 0-28 faunal remains 3 1 burnt

166 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

painted 7 pink & green

167 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware, sponged 3

1 blue, 1 blue & green, 1 pink & green

168 100E 185N:21 0-34


169 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

edged 4 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines

170 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,


171 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

edged 2 blue with scalloped rim and impressed curved lines

172 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware,

banded 1 blue/white/brown cat's eye design

173 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware 2

174 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware 23

175 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

painted 9 pink, green, blue, black

176 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware, sponged 13

7 blue, 3 blue and pink, 3 blue and green



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177 100E 185N:21 0-34


178 100E 185N:21 0-34 button 1 white glass, 4 holes

179 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware,

banded 1 brown and white bands

180 100E 185N:21 0-34 unknown

ceramic type 1

181 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware 4

182 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,


183 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

edged 2 blue with straight rim and no moulding

184 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

edged 11 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines

185 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,

edged 5 blue with scalloped rim and impressed bud design

186 100E 185N:21 0-34 ironstone 2

187 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware 120


bowl 1 "Turks Head"


bowl 1 plain

190 100E 185N:21 0-34 faunal remains 36 30 burnt

191 100E 185N:21 0-34 unknown

ceramic type 1

192 100E 185N:21 0-34 rockingham

ware 1

193 100E 185N:21 0-34 earthenware,

red 30

194 100E 185N:21 0-34 utensil 1 fork - missing handle

195 100E 185N:21 0-34 glass, window 6

196 100E 185N:21 0-34 glass,

chimney/lamp 2

197 100E 185N:21 0-34 glass, bottle 4 aqua

198 100E 185N:21 0-34 stoneware 1

199 100E 185N:21 0-34 slate 2


201 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware 1

202 100E 185N:21 0-34 metal wire 2

203 100E 185N:21 0-34 misc. metal 2

204 100E 185N:21 0-34 nail, wrought 10

205 100E 185N:21 0-34 nail, cut 36


207 100E 180N:21 0-27





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209 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware,

painted 3 yellow, green

210 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware,

banded 13

6 with blue/white/green mocha design, 6 with white/brown bands, 1 with cat's eye brown/white /blue

211 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware 10

212 100E 180N:21 0-27 unknown

ceramic type 3

213 100E 180N:21 0-27


214 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware,


215 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware,

painted 6 green, blue, yellow, pink, black

216 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware, stamped 13 11 blue, 2 green and purple

217 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware 73

218 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware 7

219 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware,

banded 9 7 with white and blue bands, 2 white/green/blue mocha

220 100E 180N:21 0-27 ironstone 48


222 100E 180N:21 0-27 earthenware,

red 75

223 100E 180N:21 0-27 stoneware 1


225 100E 180N:21 0-27 nail, cut 5

226 100E 180N:21 0-27 metal wire 3

227 100E 180N:21 0-27 chain 1 chain link

228 100E 180N:21 0-27 faunal remains 17 3 butchered, 5 burnt


230 100E 180N:21 0-27 misc. metal 19

231 100E 180N:21 0-27 slate 2


233 105E 180N:1 0-15 whiteware 2

234 105E 180N:1 0-15 nail, wrought 1

235 105E 180N:1 0-15 yelloware 10




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APPENDIX C: Qualifications of the Principal Investigator

Jim Wilson, M.A.

President, Archaeologix Inc.

Education History:

1988 Honours B.A., University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada.

Department of Anthropology.

1990 Master's Degree, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada. Department of

Anthropology.

University Lecturing Positions:

1993 McMaster University:

1994 McMaster University:

1995 University of Western Ontario:

Archaeological Experience:

97-03 President, Archaeologix Inc.

96-97 Principle Field Investigator, Mayer Heritage Consultants Inc.

94/95 City of London Archaeologist Planner.

1994 Principle Field Investigator, Mayer Heritage Consultants Inc.

1993 Ontario Heritage Foundation Research: Research Assistant on the Middle

Sydenham River Survey.

McMaster University: Project Director for the Thames River Middle

Woodland Settlement/Subsistence Project.

Wilson Heritage Services: Project Director, Aldborough Township

Archaeological Resource Assessment.

1992 McMaster University: Project Director for the Thames River Middle Woodland

Settlement/Subsistence Project.

1991 Mayer, Poulton and Associates: Field Director for the Edenridge Subdivision

Assessment.



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Archaeological Research Associates: Field Assistant.

1990 McMaster University: Field Assistant on the Mixteca Alta Archaeological

Survey; Oaxaca, Mexico.

1989 McMaster University: Project Director of the Boresma Site excavations.

Mayer, Poulton and Associates. Field Assistant on the Rosedale Subdivision

Assessment.

1988 Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Field Assistant for the Ontario Hydro Longwoods

Transformer Station Project.

Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Assistant on the Union Gas Hamilton to Niagara Falls

pipeline survey and subsequent mitigations.

McMaster University: Field Assistant for the Harvie Site mitigation, a 19th

century pioneer cemetery.

1987 Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Field Assistant on the Vaughn Master Plan Survey.

Museum of Indian Archaeology: Field Assistant for the Matthew's Wood's

Project.

Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Field Assistant on the Ontario Hydro Longwoods

Transformer Station Assessment, Phase One.

University of Western Ontario Field School.

1986 Museum of Indian Archaeology: Field Assistant at the Crawford Lake Site.

Publications:

1988 The Snake Creek Burial. KEWA 88(7):2-6. (With Dr. M.W. Spence).

1991 A Bad Analogy?: Northern Algonquian Models and the Middle Woodland

Occupations of Southwestern Ontario. KEWA: 91(6):9-22.

1991 The Kittmer Site: A Middle Woodland Camp on the Upper Thames Drainage.

KEWA: 91(6):2-8.

1992 Archaeological Investigations at the Duncan McGugan Middle Woodland Site.

Annual Archaeological Review of Ontario, 71-74 (With Dr. C. Ellis).



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1993 The Preliminary Investigations at the Pocock Site and the Meadowood Phase

along the Middle Thames Drainage. KEWA: 93(3):2-21.

1993 The Rice Lake Phase Reconsidered. KEWA: 93(6):17-25.

1994 The Racher Site (AfHi-141): More Evidence Concerning Large Riverine Middle

Woodland Sites Along the Middle Thames River Drainage. KEWA: 94(4): 2-17.

1997 Summary of an On-Going Archaeological Assessment, Lt.-Colonel John Butler

Homestead (AgGu-66), Niagara-on-the-Lake. In Arch Notes Vol.2(5):6-14.

(With R.G. Mayer and S. Gouglas).

1997 Cherry Hill: A Kirk Corner-Notched Site at Fonthill, Ontario. KEWA : 97(7):2-

11. (With B. Wimmer and A. Figura).

1998 Osteological Analysis of an Early Woodland Burial: Mo Pierce site, South bay

Marina Complex, Township of Pelee, Essex County, Ontario (AnHq-20). Arch

Notes: 3(3):13-18.

1999 The Pocock Site: Exploring the Early Woodland/Middle Woodland Transition in

Southwestern Ontario. KEWA: 99(1):2-27.

1999 The Greg Tarry Site (AeHf-38), A Small Uren Sub-Stage Camp in Aylmer,

Ontario. KEWA: 99(3):2-8.

2000 The Moyer’s Flat Site Pot. KEWA: 00(7):2-4

2002 The Fregg Site (AhGx-390), A Small Point Late Archaic Occupation in

Ancaster. KEWA: 02(8):1-16

Presentations:

1989 An Introduction to the Boresma Site: A Middle Woodland Occupation in the

Middle Thames River Drainage. At: The Ontario Archaeological Society

Annual Meeting; London Ontario.

1989 The Middle Woodland Period in the Thames River Drainage. For: McMaster

Anthropology Society.

1992 The 1989 Excavations at the Boresma Site: A Middle Woodland Basecamp. For:

London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.

1993 The Prehistory of the Delaware Area from the Late Archaic to the Early Late

Woodland. For: London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.



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1993 Early Woodland and Middle Woodland Settlement Systems: Exploring Two

Distinct Adaptive Strategies. At: The Ontario Archaeological Society Annual

Meeting. Niagara Falls, Ontario

1993 Which Way to the Lawson Site? Late Woodland Settlement Patterns West of the

Caradoc Sand Plain. At: The Ontario Archaeological Society Annual Meeting;

Niagara Falls, Ontario. (With D. Riddell).

1995 Identifying Reductions in Residential Mobility in the Early and Middle Woodland

Periods in Southwestern Ontario. At: The Canadian Archaeological Society

Annual Meetings; Kelowna, British Columbia.

1995 GIS applications and archaeological master plans. At: The Annual ESRI

Canada Arc/Info Users Conference; Waterloo, Ontario.

1996 GIS Worshop. At The 10th

Annual Canadian Association of Professional

Heritage Consultants Meetings; Toronto, Ontario.

1998 Archaeological Master Planning, the London Experience. At: The 1999

Ontario Professional Planners Institute Annual Meetings, Kingston, Ontario.

2001 The Van Bree Site: Young Phase/Glen Meyer Interaction near Arkona. For:

London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.

2002 The Don Crich Site: A Princess Point Camp on the North Branch of the Thames River.

For: London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.

Documents

Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1, 2 & 3) Acton Quarry ...webaps.halton.ca/Planning/Dufferin Aggregates Acton... · 3.1.1 Natural Environment 3 3.1.2 Previously Known Archaeological