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28 ArAucAriAceAe: ArAucAriA FAmily
ArAucAriAceAe: ArAucAriA FAmilyThe Araucariaceae includes 3 genera and 40 species native to Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania, and South America. Several species are ornamentals in North America.
■ ArAucAriA: ArAucAriAsAraucaria, the principal genus of trees in the arau-caria family, is native to the Southern Hemisphere and includes 19 species. These are tall trees with stiff branches emerging at nearly right angles from the stem, cloaked in a dense sheath of needle-shaped to triangular leaves. The 4 most common species in w. North America all have a single straight trunk covered in uniform whorls of branches arrayed perpendicular to the trunk, and can often reach 20 m tall and 60 cm diam. bArk Rough, dark gray, horizontally ridged. leAF Evergreen, multi-veined, spirally arranged on twigs, branches, and even the trunk. pollen cone The largest of any conifer. seed cone Dense and heavy, disintegrating be-fore or soon after falling. The seeds are edible and very tasty, widely eaten within these species’ native ranges.
None of the species introduced in the West oc-curs in areas with temperatures colder than about –15° C and except in s. Calif. and the Central Val-ley, they are generally found only in coastal areas; only the Monkey-puzzle Tree extends north of Calif., into lower B.C. Araucarias are not known to have naturalized in the U.S., but the 4 species named here are popular ornamentals within their range.
BunyA Pine Araucaria bidwillii Hook.
leAF Flat, 2-ranked, spirally inserted on the branch, about 5 cm long, less than 1 cm wide at the base, stiff, with a sharp point. cones Pollen cone 10–20 cm long; seed cone up to 30 cm long, weigh-ing up to 5 kg.
Monkey-Puzzle Tree Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch
leAF Flat, triangular, spirally inserted on the branch, 3–5 cm long, 8–25 mm wide at the base, stiff, with a sharp point. cones Pollen cone 10–20 cm long; seed cone up to 20 cm long.
cook Pine Araucaria columnaris (J.R. Forst.) Hook.
leAF Needlelike, blunt, 4–7 mm long, curved to-ward the branch, covering it on all surfaces. cones Pollen cone 5–10 cm long; seed cone to 15 cm long.
norfolk islAnd Pine Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco
leAF Scalelike, blunt, 4–7 mm long, curved toward the branch, covering it on all surfaces. cones Pol-len cone 3.5–5 cm long; seed cone up to 15 cm long.
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© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher.
For general queries, contact [email protected]
monkey-puzzle Tree
Bunya pine
cook pine
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cone cone
norfolk island pine
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seedseed
cone scalecone scale
cone scalecone scale
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leavesyoungleaves
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© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher.
For general queries, contact [email protected]
