Arabic-Lessons Book 2

8/13/2019 Arabic-Lessons Book 2

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ArabicBook 2


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Lesson 1 - In Arabic there are two types ofsentences:

1. Nominal (Ismiyah)

2. Verbal (Failiyah)

The particle is used at the beginningof nominal sentences


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Lesson 1 - After the induction of the mubtada isno longer called mubtada.

It is now called Ismu Inna and thekhabar is called Khabar Inna.


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Lesson 1 - is used to signify emphasis.It can be translated as indeed,surely, no doubt and verily.


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Lesson 1 - Some rules pertaining to The noun that comes after ismansoob.And so will take a Zabr.


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Lesson 1 - If the Mubtada is a pronoun, itchanges to its corresponding Mansoobform

E.g.

Indeed you are rich


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Lesson 1

This is also a particle like . Is itcalled one of the sisters of .Grammatically, is acts like . Itsignifies hope or fear.


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Lesson 1

E.g. Hope

The weather is fine I hope the

weather is fine


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Lesson 1

E.g. Fear

The teacher is sick I am afraid the

teacher is sick


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Lesson 1

This particle means having or

possessing. E.g. Possessing wealth.

It is always Mudaaf. The followingword is Mudaaf ilaihi, thereforeMajroor.


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Lesson 1

E.g.

One of wealth / Possessing wealth

One of good character / Possessing

character


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Lesson 1

The feminine version is E.g. This student (feminine) possesses good

Character


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Lesson 1

The particle means or, but only inthe interrogative sentence i.e. Whenyou are asking a question.

E.g. Are you a doctor or an engineer?


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Lesson 1

Note that the particle precedes one ofthe two things about which the questionis being asked and precedes theother.


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Lesson 1

E.g.

NOT


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Lesson 1

When in a non-interrogative is notused. We use .insteadE.g.

Take this or that


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Lesson 1

Hundred. It is written with the alif but

pronounced without the alif.

Thousand.


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Lesson 1

After these two numbers, the Madudissingular Majroor.

E.g.


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Lesson 1

The word means expensive.E.g.

This book is expensive


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Lesson 1

Here, the word is not Majroor. It isMarfoo. Its actual form is . The yaaalong with its dhammah have been

omitted and the .of tanween has beentransferred to the precedding letterWe will learn more about this later iA.


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Lesson 2

: is notIt is used in a nominal sentence. E.g.


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Lesson 2

Note that .is added to the khabar, andit is therefore majroorAfter the introduction of themubtada is called Ismu Laisa and thekhabar is called Khabaru Laisa.


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Lesson 2

The feminine of is .E.g

Zainab is not sick


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Lesson 2

If the Ismu Laisa of has a beforeit then the word will have a kasraon the in order to enable both wordsto join e.g.

The car is not old


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Lesson 2

can take many forms when joined topronouns. E.g.

I am not a engineer


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Lesson 2

If the Khabaru Laisa is a prepositional

clause, like , it does not take a .e.g

I am not from India


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Lesson 2

Sub lesson 2

If the Mubtada is indefinite and theKhabar is a prepositional clause, theMubtada comes afterthe Khabar.

I have brothers


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Lesson 2

Sub lesson 2

Would become

I have no brothers


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Lesson 2

Sub lesson 2

Here is is Ismu Laisa and isKhabaru Laisa.


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Lesson 2

Sub lesson 2

So ifis added to a sentence like:

It would become:


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Lesson 3

Comparative and superlativedegrees on the scale of The comparative form comes when wecompare something e.g. morebeautiful than

In this case the adjective is followed


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Lesson 3

Comparative and superlativedegrees on the scale of The superlative form comes when weare not comparing e.g. Ibrahim is thebest student.

In this case if a noun follows, then thatnoun is Majroor


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Lesson 4 - verbs

The verb in the Past tense is known asMadi. Most Arabic verbs only have 3letters in the Madi tense, which are

called the radicals.

The basic form of the verb in Arabic iscalled madi. As we have seen before,

the verb .means he wrote


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Lesson 4 - verbs

But if the verb is followed by thesubject in words then thepronoun he will be omitted and the

actual name would replace it e.g.Ahmad Wrote.


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Lesson 4 - verbs

When the subject is not written inwords and we are only using thepronouns e.g. he and she, then the

subject is said to be hidden.

This is called Dhamir Mustatir.


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Lesson 4 - verbs

Sub Lesson - or ? is used when the answer is simplyyes to a yes/no question e.g. Do youlike this?

is used in reply to a negativequestion e.g. Are you not a Muslim?Of course, yes


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Lesson 4 - verbs

Sub Lesson in VerbsTo render a verb in the Madi negative,the particle is used?


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Lesson 4 - verbs

Sub Lesson This word means Which one ofthe two e.g. Which one of them isyour brother?


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Lesson 4verbs (Past Tense)

English Arabic

Singular

I wrote ((katabtuyou (masc.) wrote ((katabtayou (fem.) wrote ((katabtihe wrote - Basic Form((katabashe wrote ((katabatThey wrote (Kataboo)They wrote (fem.) (katabna)


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Lesson 4Numbers

Recap

As we have learnt in the Arabic languagethat plurals are after two.

Therefore, similar to English, when youwant to specify the plural, you bringnumbers e.g. Three men, three women.

Similarly in Arabic we specify the pluralsusing numbers.


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Lesson 4Numbers

However, in Arabic there are certain rules

for each number.


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Lesson 4Numbers

Rules of numbers 3-10

1.The Arabic number is called 2.The noun following is called 3.The will be Mudaaf4.The will be Mudaaf Ilaihi


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Lesson 4Numbers


1.The can be in any case2.The is always Majroor3.If the is masculine then the willbe feminine

4.If the is feminine then the willbe masculine

5.In both cases, the will be plural


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Lesson 4Numbers


is feminineso the ismasculine

is masculineso the isfeminine

Note: Plural is used in bothcases


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Lesson 4Numbers


Unlike the numbers 3-10, this set of

number carry a different rule.

How we treat the numbers when counting

objects from 11-20 depend, again, on the


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Lesson 4Numbers


Today we will look at those that aremasculine. We will look at feminine in lesson 6 iA.


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Lesson 4Numbers


Firstly, unlike in numbers 3-10, the isnot plural. We will be using the singularversion, which will be Mansoob


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Lesson 4Numbers


E.g.

is Singular and Mansoob


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Lesson 4Numbers


We are now going to divide numbers 11-

20 into 3 categories:

1.11 and 12

2.13 193.20


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Lesson 4Numbers


11 and 12

For numbers 11 and 12, both parts of thenumber will agree with the gender of the


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Lesson 4Numbers


11 and 12

Both are either masculine or feminine


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Lesson 4Numbers


11 and 12 Masculine for 1 Feminine for 1

Both are either masculine or feminine


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Lesson 4Numbers


13 - 19

For numbers 13 to 19, the second part

agrees with the gender of the butthe first part does not


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Lesson 4Numbers


13 and 19


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Lesson 4Numbers


13 and 19

Taa Marboota = Feminine Absence of Taa Marboota = Masculine


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Lesson 4Numbers


20

For number 20, The same wordis used for Masculine and Feminine.

Again, the .is singular and Mansoob


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Lesson 4Numbers


20

E.g.


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Lesson 4Numbers

Final rule for all numbers 11-20

These numbers are Mabni(indeclinable).They do not change their state to indicatetheir function in the sentence.


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Lesson 4Numbers


E.g. For numbers 3-10 the number Iraabcan change:


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Lesson 4Numbers


E.g. However for numbers 11-20 thenumbers Iraabdoesnt change.


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Lesson 4Numbers

The ordinal Number

The word for first is . Ordinal numbersfrom 2 to 10 are formed on pattern of So second would be: Third would be: Fourth would be: Fifth would be:


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

As we know, when the Faailis notpresent, then we translate by usingthe pronoun e.g. He went.

When the Faailis present, then we donot use the pronoun, but instead the

Faailitself e.g. Zaid Went


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

When the Faailfollows the Fail(verb),then the singular form of the verb willbe used for all types of Faails.

E.g. singular / dual / plural


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

e.g.

As you can see, the Faailis plural

(Students). But we have used thesingularversion of the verb.


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

e.g.

This sentence is a Jumlah Failyah.

What would the tarkeeb be?


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

However, if the Faailis broughtbeforethe verb in writing (which canbe done in verb sentences) then weuse the corresponding Verb


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

E.g.

As you can now see, boththe verb

andthe Faailare both plurals


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

E.g.

However, this sentence is now not a

verb sentence. (Because the sentencedoes not begin with a verb)

What is the tarkeeb here?


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

The following is example of the samesentence, but as a ismiyah and also asa failiyah:


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

The meaning is the same in bothsentences.


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Lesson 5FailMaadi

Rule of verbs

The mafulbihi (the object) is alwaysmansoob.


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Lesson 6

= I think

I think she went to Makkah


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Lesson 6

is a sister of . It means that.


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Lesson 6

, , , means why?!means take

!means give! / bringmeans so

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Arabic-Lessons Book 2