AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis Fall 2009 Huang Yi Chun [email protected]

AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation

AR 4322 – Building Simulation and AnalysisFall 2009

Huang Yi [email protected]

SDE 1-5-33Tel: 6516 8519

mailto:[email protected]

Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation

Automation

Reading ListHuang, Yi Chun; Khee Poh Lam and Gregory Dobbs(2008). A Scalable Lighting Simulation Tool for Integrated Building Design. Proceedings of The Third National Conference of IBPSA-USA (SimBuild 2008), 30 July – 1 August 2008, San Francisco, USA. Pp 206-213.

Huang, Yi Chun, and Khee Poh Lam (2008). Automated Calculation of Lighting Regulations. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Building Energy and Environment (COBEE 2008), 13 - 16 July 2008, Dalian, China.

Biswas, Tajin, Tsung-Hsien Wang and Ramesh Krishnamurti (2008) Integrating Sustainable Building Rating Systems with Building Information Models. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CADDRIA 2008), 9-12 April 2008, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Pp. 193-200


Automatic Calculation of Lighting Regulations

Huang, Yi Chun; Khee Poh Lam and Gregory Dobbs(2008). A Scalable Lighting Simulation Tool for Integrated Building Design. Proceedings of The Third National Conference of IBPSA-USA (SimBuild 2008), 30 July – 1 August 2008, San Francisco, USA. Pp 206-213.

Context and Motivation

Performance benchmarks in building design

1. Benefits of performance-based design and performance benchmarks- High performance buildings (integration, sustainability)- Vision, goals, objectives, tracking, assessments- Lindsey, 2003; Hitchcock, 2003; Deru, 2004

2. Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Fundamental (ir)radiance calculations might not provide operative information- Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Logistical effort in acquiring parameters- Time and effort in calculation procedures

3. Automated calculation of lighting regulations- Dual purposes: reduction in calculation and documentation effort- Market demand- Prevalence of BIM, opportunity for automation- Need to formulate calculation procedures as computable




2. Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Fundamental (ir)radiance calculations might not provide operative information- Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks

USGBC LEED Rating SystemEQ 8.1 & 8.2 – Daylight and Views

Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.

EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Achieve a minimum glazing factor of 2% in a minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areas

EQ 8.2 – Achieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 2’6” and 7’6” above finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas.

- Voluntary rating system- Widespread use by both governmental and private industry (Landman, 2005)- 2 lighting performance benchmarks




2. Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Fundamental (ir)radiance calculations might not provide operative information- Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Logistical effort in acquiring parameters- Time and effort in calculation procedures




3. Automated calculation of lighting regulations- Dual purposes: reduction in calculation and documentation effort- Market demand- Prevalence of BIM, opportunity for automation- Need to formulate calculation procedures as computable


Objectives

Integration with Design Support Tool•Availability of performance benchmarks throughout design process•Reduction of time and effort

Formulation of benchmarks as computable•Formulation of calculation procedures as computable problems that can be evaluated by a computer automatically

•Resources required must be within the constraints of typical design practices

Improvements•Formulation of procedures as algorithms allows insight into benchmarks, and how they might be improved


Framework

New Lighting Simulation Tool – Version 0.5Implemented as part of CMU Lighting Simulation Tool – part of effort to reduce effort & resourcesLEED automation – tracking performance during design iterations, documentation effort

Revit Model Material Properties Inspection and Editing

LEED Credit EQ 8.1. Glazing Factors

LEED Credit EQ 8.2. View-out Availability


Formulation as Computable

LEED EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Daylight AvailabilityAchieve a minimum glazing factor of 2% in a minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areasMainly logistical task, variable values retrieved from BIM, minimal computation

AlgorithmStep 1: Find list of occupied spacesStep 2: Find list of windows in each spaceStep 3: Determine window type

(subdivide window if necessary)Step 4: Retrieve Tvis and calculate GF for all windowsStep 5: Tabulate GFs in each space (check if >2%) Step 6: Tabulate eligible floor area (check if ≥75%)

AnalysisO(nlogn) retrieval of lists and values from BIMStep 3: O(nlogn) retrieve window geometry

O(n) orientation and height determinationO(n) subdivision

O(n) GF calculations and tabulationLINEARITHMIC TIME PERFORMANCE



LEED EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Daylight AvailabilityReal-time implementation, dynamic update as building model is modified

Automated Calculation of Lighting Regulations – Y.C. Huang

Parameters Inspection in Lighting Tool, no user intervention




Real-time calculation of LEED EQ 8.1




Tabulation for LEED EQ 8.1 submittal



LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsAchieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 2’6” and 7’6” above finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas.

Determine the area with direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria:

- In plan view, the area is within sight lines drawn from perimeter vision glazing

- In section view, a direct sight line can be drawn from the area to perimeter vision glazing

Line of sight may be drawn through interior glazing.

For private offices, the entire square footage of the office can be counted if 75% or more of the area has direct line of sight to perimeter glazing. If less than 75%, actual compliant area is counted.

For multi-occupant spaces, the actual square footage with direct line of sight to perimeter glazing is counted.



LEED EQ 8.2 – External Views2 step graphical calculation procedure (2D line-of-sight projections, 2nd pass confirmation)Implicit checks for internal wall openings



LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsFormularization as computable, possible finite-element approach






LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsDynamic implementation, fast update as building model is modified

Imported building model, no user intervention




Dynamic calculation of LEED EQ 8.2


Tabulation for LEED EQ 8.2 submittal




Summary of Results

Formulation of LEED EQ 8.1 & 8.2 as computable- Interoperability- Ray tracing- CMU Lighting Tool

Algorithm optimization – data structures

Benchmark clarification – steradians (computing speed-up)


Modified Photon Mapping

Huang, Yi Chun (2009). “Implementation of a new simulation engine”. An Integrated Scalable Lighting Simulation Tool, Chapter 3. Unpublished manuscript.

Lighting Models

(Backwards) Raytrace and Photon Mapping


Lighting Models

Raytracing might under-estimate ambient radiance



Photon Mapping

Separating rendering equation into 4-components•Direct•Specular•Indirect•Caustics

Radiance of Point A as sum of direct, specular, indirect and caustics components

,

, , ,

, ,

, ,

, , , ,

, , ,

, , , ,

, , ,

, , ,

r r i

r i l

r S i c i d

r D i c

r D i d

L x f x L x n d

f x L x n d

f x L x L x n d

f x L x n d

f x L x n d


Radiance of as sum of direct, specular, indirect and caustics components

,

, , ,

, ,

, ,

, , , ,

, , ,

, , , ,

, , ,

, , ,

r r i

r i l

r S i c i d

r D i c

r D i d

L x f x L x n d

f x L x n d

f x L x L x n d

f x L x n d

f x L x n d

Photon Mapping

Separating rendering equation into 4-components•Direct•Specular•Indirect•Caustics2-maps, check for duplicate pathsReflected caustics might be neglected



Separating rendering equation into 3-components•Direct•Indirect•CausticNo longer split into diffuse or specular terms, taken care of (and pre-computed) by BRDFNo need to check for duplicate pathsDiffused caustics accounted for



Accuracy of area estimation•Disc Vs. Sub-sampling



Accuracy of area estimation•Disc Vs. Sub-sampling

Direct visualization of photon map to show effect of approximated area (left), corrected area (right)



Progressive accuracy•Scalability•Use number of photons rather than samples



Power-based priority-queue

Conventional Russian Roulette (left), power-prioritized technique (right)



Direct sampling

A Scalable Lighting Simulation ToolFor Integrated Building Design

Huang, Yi Chun, and Khee Poh Lam (2008). Automated Calculation of Lighting Regulations. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Building Energy and Environment (COBEE 2008), 13 - 16 July 2008, Dalian, China.

Objective 1

Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationConducting a lighting simulation is time consuming, too many software to buy and learn.

DrawingsDocumentationEtc. Geometry

Modeling

Variables DefinitionE.g. Materials & Location

Simulation ParametersDefinition

Simulation

Results processing


Objective 1

Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationReducing time and effort required to prepare for simulations (applicable to all domains)

DrawingsDocumentationEtc. Geometry

Modeling

Variables DefinitionE.g. Materials & Location

Simulation ParametersDefinition

Simulation

Results processing

Why should we spend time on this?


Objective 1

Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationReducing time and effort required to prepare for simulations (applicable to all domains)

DrawingsDocumentationEtc.

Results processing

AutomatedProcessingAutomatic

XML-BasedParser

AutomaticDefaultValues Automatic

EngineSelection

AutomaticSimulationFiles Creation

ImprovedAnalysisFeaturesUser-editable

Input


Objective 1

Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationDefinition of appropriate simulation parameters require much training and tacit knowledge

Time consuming

Backward Ray-trace parameters

Finite element Radiosity parameters


New information created in individual domain is updated to the BIM

SharedLocation

InformationDatabase

SharedBuilding

InformationModel

SharedConstruction

PropertiesDatabase

SHARED OBJECT MODEL

LIGHTING SIMULATIONASSUMPTIONS

-geometry abstractions-material properties(reflectance, specularity, etc)-luminare specification-schedules

ENERGY SIMULATIONASSUMPTIONS

-geometry abstractions-material properties(conductivity, specific heat, etc.)-lighting design level-schedules

Conflict?Information Update?

Conflict?Information Update?

Building Modeler Lighting Tool Energy Tool

Objective 2

Efficiency and consistency in defining BIM and assumptionsExternalizing project shared information


Other domain apps SharedLocation

InformationDatabase

Objective 2

Efficiency and consistency in defining BIM and assumptionsExternalizing project shared information

SharedBuilding

InformationModel

SharedConstruction

PropertiesDatabase

Lighting Simulation Tool

Parser Parser

Parser


Is there lighting sufficient in this

building?

Is there sufficient illuminance on

workplane in all occupied spaces?

LightingSimulation

What is the illuminance

distribution in this space?

Simulation Results(Illuminance data)

Typical Lighting Simulation

Check all occupied spaces ifilluminance > threshold

on workplane

Check if number of satisfactory spaces compliant

with regulationsSOLUTION

1. Design Question

2. Formulating well-formed problem by considering context and making relevant assumptions.

3. Formulating objectives solvable by lighting simulation

4. Analysis of results

5. Operative Information for design decision

AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 1 - Introduction

Objective 3

Obtaining Operative Information for Design DecisionsLighting simulations address low-level objectives, not higher-level questions typical of primary design inquiries.

Objective 3

Obtaining Operative Information for Design DecisionsProviding post-processing analysis toolkit

Tone-mappersLuminance data inspection and false-color analysesLuminance ratios calculatorData comparisons

LEED rating system Credit 8.1 & 8.2 calculatorsTabulation of results


Step 1 – User selects input file (as exported from Revit)

Step 2 – Missing information such as sky data and camera positions are set automatically

Step 3 – Default values are highlighted in red. User can edit values if necessary

Prototype of 2007 CMU Lighting Application v.0.5. The 3-step process to saving time.

Results

CMU Lighting simulation Tool – Version 0.5Java based application – ease of prototypingGeneral Parser – Revit-exported gbXML files & extended XML schemaRadiance engine integration – automatic simulation files generatorExternal Libraries – Location & Construction complete, rule based context recognitionVisualizations – HDRI support, False-color, Inspector, Comparator, Luminance RatiosPost-processing – LEED Credit EQ 8.1 & 8.2 calculators and tabulations


Import BIM

VisualizeSimulation Results

PerformLighting SimulationUser

Edit BIM

CalculateLEED Benchmarks

FormComplete Model

DomainObject Model

<<include>>

<<include>>

GUI

Read/WriteBIM

New Lighting Tool BuildingInformation Model

SimulationResults

LocationDatabase

Shared Object Model*

Change Management

System*

Read/WriteSimulation Results

AccessDatabase

*External System

ConstructionDatabase



Lighting Simulation Results

Demo 1

Dramatic reduction in effort to conduct lighting simulation

Revit Model

Export as gbXML file

Automatic processing byCMU Lighting Application

Generated Radiance Batch File


Demo 2

Parametric Studies


Demo 3

Design investigations and analyses

Revit Model Automatic processing byCMU Lighting Application

Automatic Radiance Batch Files

Results Analysis

Comparison between design changes


Demo 4

Calculating LEED credits, tracking during design investigations

Revit Model Material Properties Inspection and Editing

LEED Credit EQ 8.1. Glazing Factors

LEED Credit EQ 8.2. View-out Availability


Sustainable Building Information Model (SBIM)Sponsored by: Autodesk® Revit

Professor Ramesh KrishnamurtiTajin Biswas

Tsung-Hsien WangYi Chun Huang

School of Architecture

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Approach (Integrating rating systems with design software via a framework)

Rating_1

Protocols

Rating System Evaluation

Direct Data Performance Data

BIM Simulation Tools

External Data

request

Sustainable Framework

Rating_2 Rating_n

Design Representation

software

Evolutionary benchmarks-different rating systems

Multiple goals and constraints at different phases of design-

Missing information

Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang


Building Information Model Design and Interaction with General Framework

Framework Categorization

Major Phases

Feasibility Study-Pre design

Design

Construction Management/Planning

Decommissioning

Construction

Operation and maintenance

Major Categories

Owner Designer……

SiteBuildingMaterialIndoor EnvironmentEnergy .......

Pre Construction

Source and disposal

ConstructionCommissioning

Service and support

……..C1.5 Integrity of building envelope

C 1.6 HVAC Systems

C 1.7 Service Water Heating

C 1.8 Power Distribution Systems

C 1.9 Other Systems

C 1.10 Lighting Systems

C 1.11 Adaptability of systems.......

...... F 1.1 Energy efficiency

F 1.2 On site renewable energy

F 1.3 Alternative Green Energy

Sub Categories

Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang

Framework Objects Mapping to Ratings (energy)

• Mapping of sub categories to objects that are required by different rating systems

Exhaustive list of attributes?

ID Object Name return type

Ex ref BIM ref

LEED BREEAM

Gr Star

F 1.1.1 ReductionOfEnergyFromBase number ref EA 1-10 Ene01 Ene 05 Mat-10 Ene-1

F 1.1.2 EnergySimulation yes/no Ref/process

EA 1-10 Ene01 Ene 05 Ene-Pre Ene-1

F 1.1.3 SimulationNumber number ref EA 1-10

ID Object Name return type Ex ref BIM ref LEED BREEAM Gr Star

C 1.5.1 Insulation yes/no ref 90.1-2004 5.4

material EA Preq2 EA 1-10

C 1.6.2 HVACType (enum 8types) ref ref sec 6.4 EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene-Pre Ene-1

C 1.7.1 ServiceWaterHeating ref ref equip EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Wat-3 C 1.8.1 PowerDistSystems ref ref sec 8.4 ref EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene-2

C 1.8.2 Electrical Submetering(enum lighting, fan, cooling tower, humidification..)

yes/no ref (SIBSE)

Ene02 Ene-2

C 1.9.1 OtherEquipment(motors) yes/no ref sec 10.4

yes/no EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene-2

C 1.10.1

Lighting(exterior, signs, grounds, parking)

yes/no ref sec 9.4

EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene04 Mat-10

C 1.10.2

LightFixtureType string light SS8 Pol 07 Emi-8

C 1.10.3

LightPowerDensity number process light SS8 Pol 07 Ene-3 Emi-8

C 1.10.4

FixturePower number light SS8 Pol 07 Emi-8

C 1.10.6

NumberOfLuminare number light SS8 Pol 07 Emi-8


C 1.6 HVAC Systems



C 1.9 Other Systems






Sub Categories


Framework Objects Mapping to Simulation Model

• Mapping of objects that are required for simulation


ID Object Name

F 1.1.1 ReductionOfEnergyFromBase

F 1.1.2 EnergySimulation

F 1.1.3 SimulationNumber

ID Object Name

C 1.5.1 Insulation

C 1.6.2 HVACType (enum 8types)

C 1.7.1 ServiceWaterHeating

C 1.8.1 PowerDistSystems

C 1.8.2 Electrical Submetering(enum lighting, fan, cooling tower, humidification..)

C 1.9.1 OtherEquipment(motors)

C 1.10.1

Lighting(exterior, signs, grounds, parking)

C 1.10.2

LightFixtureType

C 1.10.3

LightPowerDensity

C 1.10.4

FixturePower

C 1.10.6

NumberOfLuminare


C 1.6 HVAC Systems



C 1.9 Other Systems






Sub CategoriesBaseline Model for Simulation

Building & Location Info

Building GeometryBuilding EnvelopeService Hot WaterPowerLightingOther Loads

HVAC


Event Detector

Event Detector

General Framework

GF

General Framework

GF

External Simulation Engine

SQLQuery

Request

Demo-Dec (cont.)

ApplicationGUI

ApplicationGUI

External DatabaseExternal

Database

System Updates

System Updates

Application Data

Manager

Application Data

Manager

GBXMLGBXML

BIMDatabase

BIMDatabase

Revit 2009407 S Craig Revit 2009407 S Craig 1,2

Application Design



External Databases

Revit

Collect building element

info

Generate Data Table

Populate

defaults

Others(e.g.Rain

fall Rates)

Others(e.g.Rain

fall Rates)

Building Information Database

Application

ResultEvaluation

(LEED, GREENSTAR)

Material Properti

es

Material Properti

es

Simulation(Energy, Lighting)

Simulation(Energy, Lighting)

Measure Databases

General Framewo

rk

General Framewo

rk

LEEDLEED

GreenStar

GreenStar

BREEAMBREEAM

SQL

Mdb Databas

e

Databases to Application via SQL

Case Study

407 S Craig St, PA (Front), LEED silver 407 S Craig St, PA (Back)

Skylights before Redesigned: Northern light and solar panelsSustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang

Model and Application

MainMain Information Display Information Display

NavigationNavigation

StatusStatus



Calculating building and material reuse from model (LEED)


Calculating building and material reuse from model (Green Star)


Calculating number of parking and bicycle racks (Green Star)


Calculating LEED SS 2 (Site Density)

350’

A B C

DEFFG

H

I

J

KL

M N

O

P


Calculating LEED SS 2 (Finding Density Radius)

A

B C

DE

FG

H

IJ

KL

MN

O P


Development Density

Calculating LEED SS 2 (Calculating Development Density)

Calculating LEED EA 1.1~1.10

Energy Optimization


Appendix G – Information requirements

Originally intended for rating energy efficiencies of building designs that exceed the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1. There exists some proposed design, compare to baseline.

Our objective Generating baseline model from architectural model (no M&E specifications).

Baseline Model

Building & Location InfoBuilding GeometryBuilding EnvelopeHVACService Hot WaterPowerLightingOther Loads

Appendix G stipulates modeling requirements, especially the differences between the 2 models.Performance benchmarks are highlighted, NOT an exhaustive listing of attributes.

Proposed Design

Proposed Design ModelEnergy Simulation to quantify energy

improvement

Energy Usage Reports

LightsInternal Eqpt LoadsService Water HeatingSpace HeatingSpace CoolingHeat RejectionFansOther HVAC Eqpt

ASHRAE 90.1 Compliant


Revit file

ContainsAll info

Generate idf file

Populate defaults

idf file(prep0)

HasGround

slab

Weather files

GroundCalcs

idf file(prep1)

Sizing Run

idf file(base)

Processes and Artifacts


Processes Generate idf file


Processes Generate idf file

ERROR

Zones

Is there HVAC

Zoning?

Are there Room

elements?

Form bounded zones from surfaces

Are the zones well-

formed?Is queue empty?

Process next zone

Add zones to unprocessed queue

Are there external walls?

Zone processing complete. Remove

from queue.

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

YesShould the

zone be subdivided?

No

Yes

Subdivide zone, add new geometry.

DONE

No

Yes



Appendix G – EnergyPlus (idf) file

Basic Objects Required in all models

HVAC Objects Varies among models

Baseline Model

Building & Location Info

Building GeometryBuilding EnvelopeService Hot WaterPowerLightingOther Loads

HVAC

• Mapping of general categories• HVAC ontology varies


Appendix G – EnergyPlus (idf) file Basic Objects

Color Key Class Leaf Convention : Class attributes might be other classes. Leaf is used here to refer to attributes that require values that do not reference other objects. Conceptually, a model is complete once all leaves(typically numerical or Boolean) are acquired.

VersionBuildingTimestep in hourInside Convection AlgorithmOutside Convection AlgorithmSolution AlgorithmRun Control

Location

Run PeriodLocationDesign DayGround TemperaturesWater Mains Temperatures

Simulation Parameters Surface Construction Elements

Material: RegularMaterial: Regular-RMaterial: AirMaterial: Window GlassMaterial: Window GasConstruction

Geometry

ZoneSurface GeometrySurface: Heat TransferSurface: Heat Transfer: SubSurface: Shading: Attached

Schedule

Schedule TypeSchedule: Compact

Internal Gains

PeopleLightsElectric Equipment

Air Flow

Infiltration

Reports

Report VariableReport Meter

Simulation ParametersLocationSchedulesReports

EnergyPlus Model

Surface Construction ElementsGeometryInternal GainsAirflow

DesignNode Branch ManagementPlant Condenser LoopsPlant Condenser ControlPlant Condenser Flow ControlAir DistributionSystem Availability ManagersSet Point ManagersControllersZone EquipmentAir Distribution EquipmentZone Controls and ThermostatsAir PathPlant EquipmentPumpsCoilsFans


Design

Appendix G – EnergyPlus (idf) file HVAC ObjectsVAV w/PFP Boxes (System 8)

Node Branch Management

Node ListBranch ListConnector ListBranchPipe

Plant Condenser Control

Plant Operation SchemesCooling Load Range-based OpHeating Load Range-based OpPlant Equipment List

Plant Condenser Flow Ctrl

SplitterMixer

Plant Condenser Loops

Plant Loop

System Availability Managers

SAM ListSAM: ScheduledSAM: Low Temp. Turn Off

Set Point Managers

SPM: ScheduledSPM: Mixed Air

Sizing ParametersZone SizingSystem SizingPlant Sizing Air Distribution

Air Primary LoopController ListAir Loop Equipment ListOutside Air SystemOutside Air NodeOutside Air Inlet Node ListOutside Air Mixer

Controllers

Controller: SimpleController: Outside Air

Zone Equipment

Controlled Zone Equip. Config.Zone Equip. ListAir Distribution Unit

Air Distribution Equipment

Single Duct: VAV: Reheat

Zone Ctrls and Thermostats

Zone Control: ThermostaticSingle Heating SetpointSingle Cooling SetpointDual Setpoint with Deadband

Air Path

Zone Supply Air PathZone Return Air PathZone Return PlenumZone Splitter

Plant Equipment

Boiler: SimpleChiller: Electric

Pumps

Pump: Variable Speed

Coils

Coil: Water: CoolingCoil: Water: Simple Heating

Fans

Fan: Simple: Variable Volume

Simulation ParametersLocationSchedulesReports

EnergyPlus Model

Surface Construction ElementsGeometryInternal GainsAirflow

DesignNode Branch ManagementPlant Condenser LoopsPlant Condenser ControlPlant Condenser Flow ControlAir DistributionSystem Availability ManagersSet Point ManagersControllersZone EquipmentAir Distribution EquipmentZone Controls and ThermostatsAir PathPlant EquipmentPumpsCoilsFans


Infiltration


VersionBuildingTimestep in HourInside Conv. AlgorithmOutside Conv. AlgorithmSolution AlgorithmRun Control

Building

Building NameNorth AxisTerrainLoads Convr ToleranceTemp. ConvrToleranceSolar DistributionWarm-up Days

Simulation Parameters

Location

Run PeriodLocationDesign DayGround TemperaturesWater Mains Temp.

Location

Location NameLatitudeLongitudeTime ZoneElevation

Internal Gains


People

NameZone NameNum People Sch NameNum People Calc MethodNum PeopleFraction RadiantActivity Level Sch Name

Lights

NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodLighting LevelReturn Air FractionFraction RadiantFraction VisibleFraction ReplaceableEnd-Use Subcategory

Electric Equipment

NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodDesign LevelFraction LatentFraction RadiantFraction Lost

NameZone NameSCHEDULE NameDesign Volume Flow Rate Calculation methodDesign Volume Flow RateFlow per Zone AreaFlow per Ext Surface AreaAir Changes Per HourConstant Term CoefficientTemp. Term CoefficientVelocity Term CoefficientVelocity Squared Term Coefficient

Air Flow

Infiltration

Schedule Type

Schedule: Compact

Schedule


Zone

Zone NameRelative NorthX OriginY OriginZ OriginTypeMultiplierCeiling HeightVolume

Surface Geometry

Surface Starting PositionVertex EntryCoordinate System

Geometry

ZoneSurface GeometrySurface: Ht TransferSurface: Ht Transfer: SubSurface: Shdi: Attached

Surface: Heat Transfer

Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameZone NameOutside Face EnvironmentOutside Face Env ObjectSun ExposureWind ExposureView Factor to GroundNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate

Surface: Ht Transfer: Sub

Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameBase Surface NameView Factor to GroundMultiplierNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate

Surface: Shd: Attached

Material: Regular

NameRoughnessThicknessConductivityDensitySpecific HeatAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible

Material: Regular-R

NameRoughnessThermal ResistanceAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible

Surface Const. Elements


Material: Air

NameThermal Resistance

Material: Window Glass

NameOptical Data TypeSolar TransmittanceSolar Reflect.: Front SideSolar Reflect.: Back SideVisible TransmittanceVisible Reflect.: Front SideVisible Reflect.: Back SideIR TransmittanceIR Emissivity: Front SideIR Emissivity: Back SideConductivity

Material: Window Gas

NameGas TypeThickness

Construction

Reports


Version

Version Identifier

Timestep in Hour

Timestep in Hour

Inside Conv Algorithm


Outside Conv Algorithm


Solution Algorithm

Solution Algorithm

Run Control

Run Control

Run Period

Run Period StartRun Period EndStart DayUse Weather File HolidaysUse Weather File DLSApply Weekend RuleWeather File Rain Ind.Weather File Snow Ind.

Design Day

Design Day NameMax Dry Bulb TemperatureDaily Temperature RangeHumidity Ind. ConditionsBarometric PressureWind SpeedWind DirectionSky ClearnessRain IndicatorSnow IndicatorDay of MonthMonthDay TypeDLS IndicatorHumidity Indicating Type

Ground Temperatures

Monthly Grd Temp.

Report Variable

Report NameReporting Frequency

Report Meter

Meter NameReporting Frequency

Schedule Type NameRangeNumeric Type

NameSchedule TypeWeek ScheduleDay Schedule

Surface NameBase Surface NameTransSchedShadowSurfNum of Surface VertexVertex CoordinateName

Outside LayerLayer


Infiltration


Building



Location


Location


Internal Gains


People


Lights


Electric Equipment



Air Flow

Infiltration

Schedule Type

Schedule: Compact

Schedule


Zone


Surface Geometry


Geometry






Material: Regular


Material: Regular-R




Material: Air






Construction

Reports


Version

Version Identifier

Timestep in Hour

Timestep in Hour





Solution Algorithm

Solution Algorithm

Run Control

Run Control

Run Period


Design Day


Ground Temperatures

Monthly Grd Temp.

Report Variable


Report Meter





Outside LayerLayer



Infiltration



Location


Internal Gains


People

Lights

Electric Equipment



Air Flow

Infiltration

Schedule Type

Schedule: Compact

Schedule


Zone


Surface Geometry


Geometry







Material: Regular


Material: Regular-R




Material: Air






Construction

Reports


Version

Version Identifier

Timestep in Hour

Timestep in Hour





Solution Algorithm

Solution Algorithm

Run Control

Run Control

Run Period


Design Day


Ground Temperatures

Monthly Grd Temp.

Report Variable


Report Meter





Outside LayerLayer

Building


Location




Attributes available in REVIT model



Design

NodeBranchManagement

Node ListBranch ListConnector ListBranchPipe


Plant Operation SchemesCooling Load Range-based OpHeating Load Range-based OpPlant Equipment List

Plant Condenser Flow Ctrl

SplitterMixer

Plant Condenser Loops

Plant Loop

System Availability Managers

SAM ListSAM: ScheduledSAM: Low Temp. Turn Off

Set Point Managers

SPM: ScheduledSPM: Mixed Air

Sizing ParametersZone SizingSystem SizingPlant Sizing

Air Distribution

Air Primary LoopController ListAir Loop Equipment ListOutside Air SystemOutside Air NodeOutside Air Inlet Node ListOutside Air Mixer

Sizing Parameters

Sizing FactorTime Steps in Averaging Win.

System Sizing

NameofAir Primary Loop Obj.Type of Load to Size onDesign (min) Outside A.V. FR.Min System Air Flow RatePreheat Design TemperaturePreheat Design Humidity RtPrecool Design TemperaturePrecool Design Humidity RtCen.Cool Design Sup.AirTempCen.Heat Design Sup.AirTempSizing OptionCooling 100% Outside AirHeating 100% Outside AirCen.CoolDesg Sup.Air.Hum.RtCen.HeatDesg Sup.Air.Hum.RtCooling Design Air Flow Meth.Cooling Design Air Flow Rate

Zone Sizing

Name of a zoneCooling Design Sup. Air Temp.Heating Design Sup. Air Temp.Cooling Design Sup. Air HumRHeating Design Sup. Air HumROutside Air MethodOutside Air Flow per PersonOutside Air Flow p. Zone AreaOutside Air Flow per ZoneZone Sizing FactorCoolingDesign Air Flow Meth.HeatingDesign Air Flow Meth.

Plant Sizing

Name of a Plant LoopLoop TypeDesign Loop Exit TemperatureDesign Loop Delta T

Node List

Node List NameNode_ID

Connector List

Connector List NameType of ConnectorName of Connector

Branch List

Branch List NameBranch Name

Pipe

Pipe NameInlet Node NameOutlet Node Name

Branch

Branch NameMaximum Branch Flow RateComp TypeComp NameComp Inlet Node NameComp Outlet Node NameComp Branch Control Type

Plant Loop

Plant Loop NameFluid TypePlant Op. Scheme List NameLoop Temp. SP Node NameMaximum Loop TemperatureMinimum Loop TemperatureMaximum Loop Vol. FlowRateMinimum Loop Vol. FlowRatePlant Side Inlet Node NamePlant Side Outlet Node NamePlant Side Branch List NamePlant Side Connector List Nm.DemandSide Inlet NodeNm.DemandSide Outlet NodeNm.DemandSide Branch List Nm.DemandSide Con. List Nm.Load Distribution SchemeSystem Available Manager List


PlantOperationSchemeNameControl SchemeControl Scheme NameControl Scheme Schedule

Plant Equipment List

Equip List NameKEY—Plant EquipEquip Name

Cooling Load Rangebased Op

NameLoad Range Lower LimitLoad Range Upper LimitPriority Control Equip List Nm.

Heating Load Rangebased Op

NameLoad Range Lower LimitLoad Range Upper LimitPriority Control Equip List Nm.

Splitter

SplitterNameInlet Branch NameOutlet Branch Name

Mixer

MixerNameOutlet Branch NameInlet Branch Name

Air Primary Loop

Primary Air Loop NameName: Controller ListName: SAM ListPrimary Air Design Vol. FRAir Loop Branch List NameReturnAir AirLoop Inlet NodeZoneEquipGroup Outlet NodeSupplyAirPath ZEG InletNodesAirLoop Outlet Node

Outside Air System

NameName: Controller ListName of Air Loop Equip ListName of a SAM List

Controller List

NameController TypeController Name

Air Loop Equipment List

NameKEY—System ComponentComponent Name

Outside Air Node

Node NameHeight Above Ground

Outside Air Inlet Node List

Node Name

Outside Air Mixer

NameMixed_Air_NodeOutside_Air_Stream_NodeRelief_Air_Stream_NodeReturn_Air_Stream_Node

SAM List

NameSAM TypeSAM Name

SAM: Low Temp. Turn Off

NameSensor NodeTemperatureApplicability Schedule Name

SAM: Scheduled

NameSchedule Name

SPM: Mixed Air

NameControl VariableReference SP Node NameFan Inlet Node NameFan Outlet Node NameName of the Set Point Node

SPM: Scheduled

NameControl VariableSchedule NameName of the set point Node

Controllers

Controller: SimpleController: Outside Air

Zone Equipment

Controlled Zone Equip. Config.Zone Equip. ListAir Distribution Unit

Air Distribution Equipment


Zone Equip. List

NameZone Equipment TypeType Name

ControlledZone Equip.Config.

Zone NameList Name: Zone EquipmentZone Air Inlet Node(s)Zone Air Exhaust Node(s)Zone Air Node NameZone Return Air Node Name

Air Distribution Unit

Air Distribution Unit NameAirDistUnit Outlet NodeNameSystem Component TypeComponent Name

Controller: Simple

NameControl VariableActionActuator variableControl_NodeActuator_NodeContr. Convergence ToleranceMax Actuated FlowMin Actuated Flow

Controller: Outside Air

NameEconomizer ChoiceReturnAir TempLimitReturnAir EnthalpyLimitLockoutMinimum LimitControl_NodeActuated_NodeMin outside air flow rateMax outside air flow rateTemperature LimitTemperature lower limitRelief_Air_Outlet_NodeReturn_Air_NodeMin Outside Air Sch Name


Name of the SystemSystem Available ScheduleDamper Air Outlet NodeUnit Air Inlet NodeMaximum Air Flow RateZone Minimum Air Flow FractionControl nodeReheat Component ObjectName of Reheat ComponentMax Reheat Water FlowMin Reheat Water FlowUnit Air Outlet NodeConvergence ToleranceDamper Heating Action


Zone Ctrls and Thermostats

Zone Control: ThermostaticSingle Heating SetpointSingle Cooling SetpointDual Setpoint with Deadband

Air Path

Zone Supply Air PathZone Return Air PathZone Return PlenumZone Splitter

Plant Equipment

Boiler: SimpleChiller: Electric

Pumps


Coils

Coil: Water: CoolingCoil: Water: Simple Heating

Fans


Zone Control: Thermostatic

Thermostat NameZone NameControl Type Schedule NameControl TypeControl Type Name

Single Heating Setpoint

NameSetpoint Temp. Sch. Name

Single Cooling Setpoint

NameSetpoint Temp. Sch. Name

DualSetPoint with Deadband

NameHeating SP Temp. Sch. NameCooling SP Temp. Sch. Name


Fan NameAvailable ScheduleFan Total EfficiencyDelta PressureMax Flow RateMin Flow RateMotor EfficiencyMotor In Airstream FractionFan CoefficienctFan_Inlet_NodeFan_Outlet_Node


Pump NameInlet_NodeOutlet_NodeRated Volumetric Flow RateRated Pump HeadRated Power ConsumptionMotor EfficiencyFraction of Motor Inefficiencies to Fluid StreamCoefficientMin Flow RatePump Control TypePump Flow Rate Schedule

Coil: Water: Cooling

Coil NameAvailable ScheduleDesign Water Flow Rate of CoilDesign Air Volume Flow RateDesign Inlet Water TempDesign Inlet Air TempDesign Outlet Air TempDesign Inlet Air Humidity RtDesign Outlet Air Humidity RtCoil_Water_Inlet_NodeCoil_Water_Outlet_NodeCoil_Air_Inlet_NodeCoil_Air_Outlet_NodeType of AnalysisHeat Exchanger Configuration

Coil: Water: Simple Heating

Coil NameAvailable ScheduleUA of the CoilMax Water Flow Rate of CoilCoil_Water_Inlet_NodeCoil_Water_Outlet_NodeCoil_Air_Inlet_NodeCoil_Air_Outlet_NodePerformance Input MethodNominal Capacity Design Inlet Water TempDesign Inlet Air TempDesign Outlet Water TempDesign Outlet Air Temp

Chiller: Electric

Chiller NameCondenser TypeNominal CapacityCOPPlant_Side_Inlet_NodePlant_Side_Outlet_NodeCondenser Side_Inlet_NodeCondenserSide_Outlet_NodeMinimum Part Load RatioMaximum Part Load RatioOpt Part Load RatioTemp Design Condenser InletTemp Rise CoefficientTemp Design Evap OutletDesign Evap Vol Water FRCoefficientTemp Lower Limit Evap OutletChiller Flow Mode

Boiler: Simple

Boiler NameFuel TypeNominal CapacityTheoretical Boiler EfficiencyDesign Water Outlet TempMax Design Boiler Water FRMinimum Part Load RatioMaximum Part Load RatioOpt Part Load RatioCoefficientBoiler_Water_Inlet_NodeBoiler_Water_Outlet_NodeTemp Upper Limit Water OutletBoiler Flow Mode

Zone Return Air Path

Return Air Path nameReturn Air Path Inlet NodeKey: System Component TypeComponent Name

Zone Supply Air Path

Supply Air Path nameSupply Air Path Inlet NodeKey: System Component TypeComponent Name

Zone Return Plenum

Zone Plenum nameZone nameZone Node nameOutlet_NodeInlet_Node

Zone Splitter

Splitter nameInlet_NodeOutlet_Node



Documents

AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis Fall 2009 Huang Yi Chun [email protected]