AQUATRON TMAQUATRON TMFine Particle Shortwave ThrombolyticFine Particle Shortwave Thrombolytic Agglomeration Reactor (FPSTAR)

Rajah Vijay Kumar., D.Sc. 

A N T h l f W t d W tA New Technology for Wasted WaterRecovery and Management

Today �

“…Water, water, everywhere, And all the boards did shrink; Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink.”

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, y g ,The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water

97% percent of the water on the earth is salt water

2% percent of the water on earth is glacier ice at the North and

South Poles

Less than 1% is fresh water that we can actually use

Application : Drinking – Transportation - Heating – Cooling – Industry

& Recycling& Recycling

Water Issues Today ��.

Industries consume water but also pollute it…

I d l i i 70 % f i d i l d d i h In developing countries, 70 % of industrial wastes are dumped without

treatment - World Development Report (WDR) of 2003

Each liter of wastewater discharged further pollutes about 5 8 litres of Each liter of wastewater discharged further pollutes about 5–8 litres of

water ( CSE , 2004) raising industrial use to 35-50%

Wastewater treatment systems are essentially installed only to meet theWastewater treatment systems are essentially installed only to meet the

wastewater discharge norms ( concentration based )

Industry meets required standards merely by diluting waste water with

clean water – A counter-productive and not a cost-effective solution

FPSTAR TechnologyFine Particle Short a e Thrombol tic Agglomeration Reactor Fine Particle Shortwave Thrombolytic Agglomeration Reactor

Particles finer than 0.1 µm (10-7m) in water remain continuously in motion

This is due to electrostatic charge (often negative) which causes them to

repel each other

FPSTAR uses a special technique that induces metacomplex ionization and

shortwave bombardment , simultaneously causing flow turbulence..

This strips (neutralizes) their electrostatic charge…

The finer particles start to collide and agglomerate (combine together)

d h fl f d l ’ funder the influence of Vander Waals’s forces

These larger and heavier particles are called Thrombus (clots)

The process is called as Fine Particle Thrombo- Agglomeration Reaction

An Analogy in Nature Blood clotting - A slightly different mechanism in nature

At its core, the actual mechanism of clotting is remarkably simple

A fibrous soluble protein called fibrinogen ("clot-maker") comprises about A fibrous, soluble protein called fibrinogen ( clot-maker ) comprises about

3% of the protein in blood plasma

Fibrinogen has a sticky portion near the center of the molecule

The sticky region is covered with little amino acid chains with -ve charges

Because like charges repel, these chains keep fibrinogen molecules apart

When a clot forms, a protein-cutting enzyme clips off the charged chains , p g y p g

This exposes the sticky parts of the molecule, and suddenly, fibrinogens

(now called fibrins) start to stick together, beginning the formation of a

clotclot.

Three important factors that help the blood to clot:

1. angular frequency of the number of times the heart pulses2 viscosity of the blood and 2. viscosity of the blood and 3. the turbulence in the circulatory plumbing system.

Single Particle in Water

FPSTAR Technology

FPSTAR reactor mimics a similar mechanism, found in nature…

Fine particles in liquids behave in the same way as the fibrinogen in the

blood, with a ‘sticky’ portion at the center and a negative charge as shown

in the figure previous slide..

The charge here is clipped off by applying high intensity shortwaves

th h i li d t f f ll d C dilithrough a specialized system of surfaces called Curdiliser

The Inner vessel of the reactor ( Reactor Core) consists of the Curdiliser

Curdiliser is made up of cylindrical structures made up of complex alloys

consisting of Aluminum Magnesium Zinc Copper Manganese Titanium consisting of Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Titanium

and sometimes even Platinum, Iridium, Silver and Gold, depending on the

particle composition and the waste water to be recovered

The water to be treated will be pulse fed to the Reactor Core, with a p ,

suitable pulsating pump

Flow turbulence is caused by a second pump called the Turbuliser

Mechanism of Action High energy shortwave Resonance of different frequencies is delivered to

these structures, depending on the composition of the waste water

They form soluble monomeric and polymeric hydroxo- complexes

M l f d d d h f ll h f i l Metacomplexes formed depend on the type of alloy chosen for a particular

characteristic of the particles that needs to be clotted..

These Metacomplexes are the ones that stick together, beginning the

formation of clots like the fibrins in the bloodformation of clots, like the fibrins in the blood

Difficult Constituents

FPSTAR can also clot materials that do not otherwise form precipitate…

Sodium and Potassium and non-flocculating or non-coagulating materials

like benzene, toluene or similar complex organic compounds can also be

thrombulated and removed

Tough to remove substances like lignin can also be thrombulated and

removed by the FPSTAR Process removed by the FPSTAR Process

This is achieved by pre-treating it with extra high tension millimeter wave

bombardment prior to the FPSTAR processbombardment prior to the FPSTAR process

Process Benefits Reduce COD and BOD by 96% + Agglomerate particles as small as 0.01 to agglomerates of 10 µm to 1.5 mm

that can be filtered through conventional aidsE t l f t ti ti t li d l t Extremely fast reaction time, processes water on line and clean water available for recycle immediately

Arsenic, Nitrates, Heavy Metals and Fluoride content reduced Softening Solids as fast sedimentation Aidg Very small space requirements Very effective in the removal of high and low turbidity Extremely effective in removal of Color, TOC, NOM and DBP precursors

Works o er a ide pH range Works over a wide pH range Low cost compared to conventional methods of water treatment / recovery. Makes heavier particles that settle faster and works better in cold water Higher sludge concentrations resulting in lower sludge disposal costsg g g g p Non-hazardous environmental sludge residue Compatible and beneficial with many land application residue programs and

farming, depending on the source of original water.

A “NO” h i l A “NO” chemical process

Efficacy

Constituents % Removed

Suspended Solids > 99%

Oil /Grease / Hydrocarbons > 99%

Heavy Metals > 99%

Arsenic / Cyanide > 96%

Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium > 90%

Bacteria /Fungus / Algae / Larvae and their spores > 99%Bacteria /Fungus / Algae / Larvae and their spores > 99%

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) > 96%

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) > 96%

Carbon, Ammonia and Sulphur Compounds > 98%

Nitrites and Fluorides > 96%

ll O i di A i i l ( O ) 94%Naturally Occurring Radio Active Materials (NORM) > 94%

Applications Industry Verticals

OIL AND GAS

• Drilling platform waste water and flow back water g p• Refinery process storage and ground water • Distribution depot’s wash water

MARINE AND SHIPPING

• Tanker and ship bilge water • Ballast water from tankers• Cruise Liner wash and waste water

MINING AND ORE PROCESSING

• Mine Discharge Water and Tailing Ponds • Minerals and precious metals recovery

MINERALS AND METALS PROCESSING

• Process and Cooling Water• Mineral and Precious Metals Recovery from process discharge

Applications (contd.)

CHEMICAL PRODUCTION• Process and Waste Water

POWER GENERATION• Process and Wash Water

WASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MANAGEMENT• Landfill Leachate Anaerobic Digestate Sewerage Water• Municipal waste Autoclave discharge• Car wash waste water

DRINKING WATER• From contaminated Lakes, Rivers, Sea

FOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PROCESSING• Process Water from all kind of food industries • Recovery of fats, oils and greases

DISTILLERIES BREWERIES AND WINERIESDISTILLERIES, BREWERIES AND WINERIES• Process Effluent Spent Wash Cooling Water

Laboratory Tests

Laboratory Trials and Pilot operations have confirmed its efficacy in treating and recovery of the following waste water streams :

Coffee Pulping Wash Water

Brewery spent wash

Distillery Effluent

Sewage water

Lake water

C t i t d i t Contaminated river water

Textile Dying Water

Tannery effluent water

Sea water Sea water

Automobile Servicing water

Dairy wash water

Contaminated ground water, etc.g ,

Industrial Waste water streamsprocessed at our laboratory

Multi-Stage output in a Distillery Spent washDistillery Spent wash

Coffee pulping Waste Water

Water from Coke…

AQUATRON TM

An AQUATRON TM FPSTAR plant is a completely automatic computer controlled multi-stage system that is totally ‘plug and play’and play

Only one operator is required to start and stop the plant

and occasionally check the quality of output water

One time setting of all process parameters will ensure

trouble free operation

Th h i l dd d ff ti l th There are no chemicals added, so effectively there are no

consumables except electricity for its operation

The control rod of the reactor has to be replaced every 5000p y

hours of operation. The control rod is an expensive

replacement.

AQUATRONTM

FPSTAR - Small plant at SERI’s Laboratoryy

AQUATRONTM

FPSTAR DemonstrationDemonstration

AQUATRONTM

FPSTAR DemonstrationDemonstration

AQUATRONTM

FPSTAR

AQUATRONTM

In field Operation..

25,000 Liters/ day, Pilot FPSTAR system Installed in Kodagu, Karnataka, Processing Coffee Pulping Effluent..