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byFrancoisBrenta
AquacultureBiosecureSystems
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
Source:2016SurveyfromtheGlobalAquacultureAlliance
ByFrancoisBrenta
Diseases ***Production costs - Feed/Fishmeal
Seed stock quality & availability Access to disease-free broodstock
***International market prices Production costs - Others
Product quality control Environmental management Feed quality and availability
Production costs - Fuel Access to Credit
Banned chemicals / antibiotic use ***International trade barriers
Market coordination Infrastructure
Public Relations Management Conflicts with other users
Not Important Extremely Important
Moderately Important
GOAL'2016'Survey'Issues'&'Challenges'in'Shrimp'Aquaculture''
All'Countries'
Asterisk indicates a Top 3 issue in GOAL 2007 Survey
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
BroodstockSupplyChain
ByFrancoisBrenta
Sub-adults
Juveniles
PLs
Nauplii
Broodstock
Nauplii
Broodstock
PLs
Nauplii
Sub-adults
Juveniles
PLs
Processing
ImportedSPFBroodstock
Broodstock
Quarantine Breeding Maturation Hatchery Farm
WildBroodstock
PondraisedBroodstock
Pondsurvivors
HighRisk!!!
Biosecure
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
ReasonforLackofSupplyofDiseaseFreeBroodstock
ByFrancoisBrenta
q Wild broodstock!!!! Extremely high biosecurity risk.
q Outdoor broodstock production!!! Very High biosecurity risk.
q Lack of biosecurity in indoor broodstock production facilities!! High biosecurity risk.Ø Inadequate shrimp health monitoring programs. Unable to achieve and maintain
health status.Ø Inadequate water treatment. Unable to bio-remediate to rationalize water
management.Ø Inadequate zoning and insufficient access restriction.
q Insufficient biosecure indoor broodstock production facilities! High business risk.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
WhyBioflocTechnology
ByFrancoisBrenta
qCan sustain high carrying capacity.
qCost-effective bio-remediation tool.
qReduces very significantly water exchange requirements.
q Low capital expenditure vs. other bio-remediation systems such as RAS.
qReduces FCR and wastes in water column.
qEnhances natural gonadal development in broodstock.
q Low environmental impact.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
DefinitionofBioflocs
ByFrancoisBrenta
qAggregates formed by interaction between particulate organic matter and a largerange of microorganisms, such as bacteria, (phytoplankton), rotifers, ciliatesflagellates protozoa and copepods.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
TheBioflocSystem
ByFrancoisBrenta
TAN[NH3 +NH4
+ ]FecesExcretionFeedwaste
NO2
NO3(Non-toxic)
Feeds
Corg
(C:Nratio)
MicrobialBiomass
Cinorg+
Oxygen
NitrifyingBacteria
PhysicalSubstrate
Uptakeofnitrogencompoundsgenerating“insitu”microbialproteinandmaintainingwaterquality.
Improvingcost-efficiencybyreducingFCRandproteindemand
Naturalgonadaldevelopment
Improvinghealthconditionsbystimulatingimmuneresponse
Reducesverysignificantlywaterrequirements.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
HeterotrophicBacteria
ByFrancoisBrenta
ü AssimilateAmmoniaintoprotein
ü Consumeorganiccarbon
ü Veryfastcellduplication
ü Formthebiofloc
Imhoffconeshowingbioflocsettled
Floclevelwillincreasewiththegrowthofheterotrophicbacteria
HeterotrophicbacteriaBacillusspp.
Molasses as carbon source applications, followed bydrop of TAN levels. Nitrogen assimilated asheterotrophic bacteria biomass. Da Silva et al., 2013.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
Chemo-autotrophicBacteria
ByFrancoisBrenta
ü NitrifyingBacteria
ü Lateestablishmentinthesystem
ü Requiretobeattachedforeffectivenitrification
ü Consumeinorganiccarbon(alkalinity)
ü Inoculumand/orProbiotics
ü AmmoniaOxidizerBacteria(AOB)• Nitrosomonas,Nitrosococcus,Nitrosospira
• Oxidizeammoniaintonitrite(NO2)
ü NitriteOxidizerBacteria(NBO)• Nitrobacter,Nitrococcus,Nitrospira• OxidizeNO2 intonitrate(NO3)nontoxic
Nitrification process in biofloc system where nitriteis being oxidized into nitrate. Da Silva et al., 2013.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
BioflocSystemDynamics
ByFrancoisBrenta
qImmatureSystem
üHeterotrophicpathway100%ofNrecyclingüApplicationofmolassesandbicarbonates
ü Increaseinbioflocs(surfacearea)ü Proteinsourceandboostsimmunesystem
qMatureSystem
üNitrificationprocessestablishedü Chemo-autotrophicpathway– 65%ofNrecycling
üHeterotrophicpathway– 35%ofNrecyclingü Carbonprovidedbyfeeds(organic)andalkalinity(inorganic)
üApplicationsofbicarbonatesüOccasionalapplicationsofmolasses
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
ImpactofBioflocsonWaterQualityandWaterConsumption
ByFrancoisBrenta
BFT
60%lessNitrogenwastesand70%lessPhosphoruswastesthanconventional
system.
ü Recyclingnitrogenintobacterialprotein
ü Establishmentofmicrobialfoodchain(protein-rich)
ü TransferofNintoshrimpbiomass
ü MaintenanceofNinnon-toxiclevels
ü Lessgenerationofwaste
Waterexchangedecreasesfrom50-100%perdayto5%-10%perweek.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
ImpactofBioflocsonFeedConsumption
ByFrancoisBrenta
30%- 40%ofshrimp’sbiomassisobtainedbybioflocconsumptionin
BFTsystem(Burfordetal.,2004;Cardonaetal.,2015)
Crude ProteinofBioflocs Reference
43% McIntoshetal.,2000
12- 42% Soares etal.,2004
26- 41.9% Ju etal., 2008
31% Tacon etal.,2010
38.8- 40.5% Kuhnetal.,2010
28- 43% Maicá etal.,2012
ü ReduceFCR
ü Reduceproteindemandinthefeeds
ü Consequentlyreducesfeedcosts
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
ImpactofBioflocsontheHealthoftheShrimp
ByFrancoisBrenta
Microbialflocsarerichinpolysaccharides,taurineandfatsolublevitamins,allofwhichcancontributetoahealthystatusoftheprawns.Thecontentsofbioflocscanbeinfluencedbyinputsandlightexposure.
ü Biofloc has bioactive compounds that contribute for a healthy statusof cultured prawns (Ju et al., 2008b)
ü Expressions of certain haemocytes enzymes related to immunesystem is enhanced in biofloc reared L. vannamei (Jang et al., 2011)
ü Bioflocs have positive effect in the immune response of L. vannameileading to higher resistance against IMNV challenge (Ekasari et al., 2014)
ü Immune system and antioxidants enhanced in L. vannamei juvenilesreared in biofloc (Xu & Pan, 2013)
ü Prawns show resistance to Vibrio spp when reared in BFT (Liu et al., 2017)
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
BioflocManagement
ByFrancoisBrenta
ü Fullscaleproductionfrom
broodstocktobroodstockin300
DOC.
ü Maturation-larval:60DOC.
ü Nursery:60DOCfromPLto2g.
ü Grow-out:120DOCfrom2gto
20g.
ü Pre-conditioning:60DOCfrom
20gto35g.
ü 100m2 ~100m3 forproducing
1000broodstock.
ü Costperbroodstock20-40USD.
Concreteraceways
Aerationwithairlifts
Greenhouse– aerationwithporousdiffusers
Greenhouse– aerationwithpaddle-wheels
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
BioflocManagement
ByFrancoisBrenta
qFeeding
Feedtrays
Wastesfromsyphoning
ABW FeedRates DailyMaximumFeedLoad(g/m3)vs.ABW(g)atspecificShrimpLoads(g/m3)- Rule:Keep<100gFeedperday/m3
Ave. Ave. 500 750 1250 1750 2250 2750 3250 3750 4000
0.05 18% 88 131 219 306 394 481 569 656 700
0.55 13% 63 94 156 219 281 344 406 469 500
2.0 9% 45 68 113 158 203 248 293 338 360
4.0 7% 35 53 88 123 158 193 228 263 280
7.5 5% 25 38 63 88 113 138 163 188 200
15 4% 18 26 44 61 79 96 114 131 140
25 3% 13 19 31 44 56 69 81 94 100
30 2% 10 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 80
Ø Standardgrowerfeedscanbeusedhoweverindarkbioflocconditionsahigherdosageofcarotenoidsmustbeadded(~150ppmAstaxantin).
Ø Feeding100%infeedtrays,adjustmentfromfeedleftoverintraysorfeedingintanksbasedonbelowreferencetable,adjustedbychecktrays,gutfullnessobservationsandfromsyphoningresults.
Ø Referencetablealsohighlightswhentransfers-cullingarerequiredtostaywithincarryingcapacity.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
BioflocManagement
ByFrancoisBrenta
qWater quality parameters
ü Oxygen saturation ~ 95%ü Temperature ~ 28-32∘Cü pH ~ 8.0-8.2ü Alkalinity ~ 300mg/lü TAN < 0.2 ppmü Nitrites ~ 0ppmü TSS < 200mg/lü Biofloc <10ml/l
Ø Additionofcarbonates(~15mg/lBicarb./10mg/lAlk.)
Ø Additionofmolasses(6g/1gTAN)*Ø Pre-maturationwithsubstrates
Ø Removalofbioflocwithclarifier
Ø Skipfeeding/back-upoxygenØ Adjustwaterheater/AC
q Adjustments
*Addingmolassescausesdissolvedoxygentodecrease!!Ifquantitiesaresignificanttheymustbeappliedoveralongerperiodoftime.
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– IndoorBioflocSystemsAppliedtoBroodstockProduction
BioflocManagement
ByFrancoisBrenta
qBiofloc density and TSS
Bioflocreadingafter20minutesBioflocRemovalbySedimentation
IfbioflocreadingsorTSStoohigh
Imhoffcone
Clarifier
ByFrancoisBrenta
BIOSECURITYINSHRIMPFARMING– PracticalBiosecurityRiskManagementMeasuresPotentialIssuesofBioflocSystems
Ø Bacterialinfections(vibriosp.)causingsignificantnecrosis,melanizationandmortalities.
Ø LowdensityflocthatdoesnotsettleintheImhoffcone.
Ø Dinoflagellates(ifphotosynthesis)causinggillfouling,affectingperformanceandpotentially
causingmortality.
AquacultureBiosecureSystems
FrancoisBrentaBiosecurityExpert
[email protected]:fbrenta1Mobile&WhatsApp:+34685353936