APUSH Unit 6-Ch 12 questions

8/14/2019 APUSH Unit 6-Ch 12 questions

1/4


2/4

Part II: The Transportation Revolution3. AP Term: Transportation Revolution. What was problematic about transportation

by road in the early republic? What advantages did Canals offer?Transportation during most of the year by roads was very difficult. Mud and

snow made traveling by roads slow and uncomfortable. The canals made the shipping

of bulky goods was made a lot easier.AP Term: Transportation Revolution

The Transportation Revolution occurred between 1800 and 1840. There was ahuge improvement in both travel by land and by water. The major government fundedproject that related to roads was the National Road in 1808. The local attempts toimprove local roads were not as successful. The canals were a major part of theTransportation Revolution. They made shipping from east to west a lot cheaper, and thepeople who lived along the canals also gained profits. With the canals came thesteamboats. These shortened the trips upstream, making travel faster. However, oncethe railroads were built, the canals were forgotten. These new methods of transportationallowed for economic growth and people to move west. However, it also broughtdisease and epidemics.

4. What happened to homespun cloth along the Erie Canal? What is the a largermetaphor for? How did the Erie Canal compare to other canals at the time? (APTerm: Erie Canal)

The demand for homespun cloth along the Erie Canal decreased. It wascheaper to buy cloth from passing ships than to buy from people locals. This is a largermetaphor for the decrease in local products, and what would become the IndustrialRevolution.AP Term: Erie Canal

The Erie Canal was the most famous canal during that time period. It wasproposed by New York governor DeWitt Clinton in 1817. It was finished in 1825. TheCanal (40ft wide, 4 ft deep, 364mi long if you need to know that) made a huge impact.Settlers were drawn from the East to the area, as transportation for goods and people

was made relatively easy. Small towns become cities as commerce increased, and themiddle class began to form. The Erie Canals success lead to the construction of manyother canals in the United States.

5. In what various ways did the construction of railroads stimulate industrialgrowth?The construction of the railroads required materials from very many industries, leading tothe growth of those industries. The steel, logging, and mining industries were a few ofmany industries which benefitted from the construction.

Part III: The Market Revolution6. What were the three interrelated developments of the Market Revolution? Explain

each. (AP Term: Market Revolution).AP Term: Market Revolution

The Market Revolution was a combination of three separate revolutions: theIndustrial Revolution, the Commercial Revolution, and the Transportation Revolution.Refer to Transportation AP Term for information about that. The Commercial revolutionwas the replacement of household self-sufficiency and barter with production in the cashmarket. The Industrial revolution was the use of power-driven machinery for massproduction and take over jobs previously done by hand.


3/4

7. The textbook describes the Market Revolution as the most fundamental changeAmerican communities ever experienced. Explain how it changed daily lives.

Introduction of a wage system

Rise of the middle class

Increase in waste-output

Deterioration of community relationships8. The textbook discusses capital at length, but fails to really define it or put it in thebroad context of the field of economics. Do some research and be ready todiscuss capital in broad economic terms. What is the connection between capitaland industrialization?Industrialization caused a huge increase in capital.

9. What was the Putting-Out-System? Why did it happened when it did (or whydidnt people do these things before)? How, specifically, did it contribute to moreformal industrialization? How did farmers feel about it? (AP Term: Putting outsystem)AP Term: Putting-Out System

The putting-out system was devised by cheap people who found a way to gain

cheap labor. It was an geographically diffused assembly line. A merchant would goaround to farms and drop off a few raw materials. The people on the farm, usually thewomen, would use the raw materials to make a specific part of a product. The merchantwould then come around and pay the family a certain sum per finished piece. Thepieces of the product would all be collected from the various locations, and would beassembled at a certain place, and then sold. It wasnt previously done due tospecialization. You had artisans to make them. However, the putting out system madeproduction cheaper for the merchants (you only had to pay the workers for the product,not the materials, and there was no value added, because it wasnt a finished product),and also a lot faster. This was an early form of the assembly line which was essential tothe Industrial Revolution. Farmers were fine with it, it gave them more money. Artisanshated it, because the system destroyed their business.

10. What was so impressive about McCormicks reaper? What paradox did it create inthe lives of farmers regarding wealth and debt? (AP Term: McCormicks Reaper)AP Term: McCormicks Reaper

McCormicks Reaper was patented in 1834. It basically allowed a farmer toharvest four times as much wheat than if he were to do it by hand. Farmers rushed tobuy it, and in the years that there was a good harvest, they were fine. However, theyears when they had a bad harvest thrust the farmer into more debt, possibly facingforeclosure. This made the farmers more economically vulnerable, but they farmer alsocouldnt not buy the reaper because he wouldnt be able to keep up with other farmers,and would die anyways.

11. What was The American System and how did it come to be? What didAmericans figure out how to do that the British had not? (AP Term: AmericanSystem of Manufactures).AP Term: American System of Manufactures

The American System was the concept of interchangeable parts. A productwould be separated into component parts, and an exact mold was made for each. Auniform standard was then established. If a product malfunctioned, you could theneasily replace that part, instead of having to buy a whole new one. The British had notyet figure out how to standardize manufacturing of parts, requiring fewer products to bemade.


4/4

Part IV: From Artisan to Worker12. What effect did industrialization and mechanization have on skilled, male

workers? Women? Children?Industrialization lead to the breakdown of the family work system and the relationshipbetween master craftsmen and his workers, which ultimately hurt artisans. Time andskill was no longer required in order to make a product. Women were no longer to spin

or weave inside the home. Instead, they could do textile work on the factories, or dosomething else. But in the factories, the hours were long, and the wages low, especiallydue to overcrowding. The invention of the sewing machine only brought wages lower.

Also, the women no longer returned to the farm, but married one of the urban men, orjust continued to work. For children, they were no longer needed as apprentices. Bothwomen and children found more voices now that the patriarchal system was gone, butapprenticeship was then replaced by slave labor.

13. How did time, work, and leisure change with the switch from preindustrial toindustrial work? Which do you think is better and why? Are there any parallels tochanges in work today (perhaps accurately labeled as post-industrial)?Preindustrial work was flexible and seasonal. You could take a few hours off when youwanted to, and you followed the seasons. During the winter, you could slack off, while in

the summer you worked full hours. Leisure was mixed with work. Meanwhile, thefactories had very clear conditions. You would work twelve hours a day for six days, andwould work for the full time. Leisure and work were now two separate activities, youcould not mix the two.

Part V: A New Social Order14. In what ways was the new Middle-Class family different from what had come

before? How did the concept of a home change? What traits came to be valued inmiddle-class man? Middle-class woman?

The middle-class family roles were shaped by the market revolution. There wasthe breadwinning father and the nurturing mother. The husbands now spent more timeaway from home than at home, in order to work and earn money. They were no longerthe undisputed head of a family unit that combined work and personal life. Men were to

be steady, industrious, responsible and painstakingly attentive to their work. The womenstayed at home to raise the children, but what they did no longer directly contributed tothe family income. Their womans sphere (the home) was all that they could operatein. They were expected to nurturing, gentle, kind, moral and selflessly-devoted to theirfamilies.

15. In what various ways did parents come to think differently about children as aresult of industrialization and new middle-class realities?

Children were now more of a burden than a help. Less children were born, andthey required more family resources to raise.

16. The last two sections, From Artisan to Worker and A New Social Order, describedthe creation of modern industrial social structure? Do you think this is essentiallythe current modern reality, or have we changed enough to be called something

like post-industrial? Explain your thinking.I think we are a post-industrial period. The definition of the roles of men and

women has shifted.

Documents

APUSH Unit 6-Ch 12 questions