7/23/2019 APUSH Reconstruction Terms (Partial)
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Presidential Reconstruction Andrew Johnson attempted to carry
out Lincoln's plan for thepolitical Reconstruction of the 11 former
states of the Confederacy
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) Lincoln set up
a process for
political Reconstruction, as in reconstructing the state
governments in the South so that Unionistswere in charge rather
than secessionists full presidential pardons for most southerners
who either
too! an oath of allegiance to the Union and the Constitution, a
state government could "e
reesta"lished and accepted as legitimate "y the US president as
soon as at least 1# percent of thevoters in the state too! the
loyalty oath, each southern state needed to rewrite Constitution
to
eliminate e$istence of slavery%
Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Re&uired # percent of the voters in a
state to ta!e a loyalty oath andpermitted only non(Confederates to
vote for a new state constitution Lincoln poc!et vetoed the
"ill%
Andre !o"nson )nly senator from a southern state who remained
loyal to the Unionsouthern *emocrat pic!ed to "e Lincoln's + white
supremacist%
#reedmen$s Bureau 1-., Congress created the /ureau of Refugees,
0reedmen, andA"andoned Lands 0reedmen's /ureau2 acted as an early
welfare agency of sorts, providing
food, shelter, and medical aid for those made destitute "y the
war, "oth "lac!s and homeless
whites led "y 3eneral )liver )% 4oward
Blac% &odes Southern legislatures adopted these that
restricted the rights and movements ofnewly freed African Americans
prohi"ited "lac!s from renting land or "orrowing money,
placedfreedmen into a form of semi "ondage "y forcing them to sign
wor! contracts, and it prohi"ited
"ac!s from testifying against whites in court%
'lection of 1866 Johnson too! to the road and used his infamous,
5swing around the circle5speeches to attac! Congressional opponents
appealed to racial pre6udices of whites Repu"licans
accused Johnson of "eing a drun!ard and a traitor and used
antisouthern pre6udices "y employinga campaign tactic !nown as
5waving the "loody shirt5(inflaming the hatreds of northern
voters
"y reminding them of the hardships of war Johnson won "ut
Repu"licans owned "oth 4ouse
and Senate
Radical Reulicans Championed rights of /lac!s "ecame radical out
of fear that a
reunified *emocratic party might again "e dominant%
*"addeus +te"ens A Congressman who hoped to revolutioni7e
southern society throughan e$tended period of military rule in
which "lac!s would "e free to e$ercise their civil rights,
receive education, and receive lands from planter class%
7/23/2019 APUSH Reconstruction Terms (Partial)
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&ivil Ri,"ts Act of 1866 ronounced all African Americans to
"e US citi7ens repudiated the*red Scott decision2, and also
attempted to provide a legal shield against the operation of
the
southern states' /lac! Codes%
#ourteent" Amendment 1-.-, declared all persons "orn or
naturali7ed in the US were
citi7ens, and o"ligated the states to respect the rights of US
citi7ens and provide them with e&ualprotection of the laws and
due process of law states re&uired to uphold the rights of
citi7ens for
first time dis&ualified former Confederate political leaders
from holding either state or federaloffices, repudiated the de"ts
of the defeated governments of the Confederacy, penali7ed a state
if
it !ept any eligi"le person from voting "y reducing that state's
proportional representation in
Congress and the electoral college%
Reconstruction Acts (186) *ivided the former Confederate states
into five militarydistricts, each under the control of the Union
army acts also increased the re&uirements forgaining
readmission to the Union and to do so, an e$(Confederate state had
to ratify the 18th
Amendment and place guarantees in its constitution for granting
the franchise right to vote2 to
all adult males regardless of race%
1.t" Amendment 1-.9, adding a :rd Reconstruction Amendment to
the 1:th and 18th,prohi"ited any state from denying or a"ridging a
citi7en's right to vote on account of race, or
previous condition of servitude%
&ivil Ri,"ts Act of 18. Law guaranteed e&ual
accommodation in pu"lic places andprohi"ited courts from e$cluding
African(Americans from 6uries poorly enforced2%
+calaa,s *emocratic nic!name for southern Repu"licans former
;higs who were interestedin economic development for their state
and peace "etween the sections%
&areta,,ers *emocratic nic!name for northern newcomers to
the south investors,missionaries and teachers%
+"arecroin, /lac! insistence on autonomy, com"ined with changes
in the postwareconomy, led white landowners to adopt a system "ased
on tenancy and sharecropping landlord
provided the seed and other needed farm supplies in return for a
share of the harvest "ecameform of servitude%
